CN107212265A - 一种发酵奶酪米糕及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种发酵奶酪米糕的配方,以谷物为原料,牛奶、淀粉、白砂糖、稀奶油、凝乳酶为辅料,以及发酵菌为发酵剂。本发明将牛奶与米类结合在一起,并添加菌株进行发酵,既能保持米类和牛奶的营养成分,长期食用还有益于身体健康。本发明工艺简单,适合工业化大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发酵奶酪米糕及其制作方法。
背景技术
米糕历史悠久,是中国特色传统小吃之一。它通常以大米、糯米为原料,经除杂、浸泡、磨粉、发酵、蒸制等工序制作而成。米糕成品营养丰富、口感松软,具有天然发酵香味,易消化吸收。
奶酪是一种发酵的牛奶制品,其性质与常见的酸牛奶有相似之处,都是通过发酵过程来制作的,也都含有乳酸菌,但是奶酪的浓度比酸奶更高,近似固体食物,营养价值也因此更加丰富。每公斤奶酪制品都是由10公斤的牛奶浓缩而成,含有丰富的蛋白质、钙、脂肪、磷和维生素等营养成分,是纯天然的食品。就工艺而言,奶酪是发酵的牛奶;就营养而言,奶酪是浓缩的牛奶。每一类奶酪都可通过一系列特性,如结构(组织、质地),滋味和外观来鉴别,特性的形成是选用的细菌和加工技术的结果。
随着生活水平提高的同时,对产品品质的要求也在逐步提高。目前市场上米糕种类繁多,且多以菜市场贩卖、小摊零售为途径,添加活性益生菌的牛奶米糕还未出现。并且传统制作完的米糕,糯米糕中淀粉的老化使糕团随着时间延长而变得越来越硬,无法食用,保质期一般只有2天左右。
发明内容
本发明针对以上问题,提供一种发酵奶酪米糕及其制作方法。
发明目的通过以下方案实现:一种发酵奶酪米糕的配方,以谷物为原料米粉10.0%,牛奶16.0%-24.0%、淀粉1.0%-3.0%、白砂糖1.5%-3.0%、稀奶油2.5%-25.0%、凝乳酶0.1‰-0.5‰为辅料,以及发酵菌1011-1012CFU、酵母菌≥108CFU的发酵剂,其余份数为水。
进一步的,谷物包括米类及其他谷物;酵母菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种、肠膜明串珠菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、费氏丙酸杆菌谢氏亚种、植物乳杆菌等为发酵剂;米类包括:糯米、粳米、黑米、红米;其他谷物包括:红薯、紫薯、燕麦。
进一步的,A步骤:谷物预处理部分经选料、磨粉、生米浆调制,具体步骤如下;
A1:选料:选用优质糯米、粳米、黑米、红米、糙米、西米,除杂后用清水冲洗干净;
A2:晾干磨粉:将步骤A1:中所得米类沥水后,于37℃-50℃下烘干,至水分含量低于14.5%,用粉碎机磨成80-350目的微小颗粒,得原料米粉;
B步骤:牛乳预处理部分,具体步骤如下:
B1:收奶:生鲜乳经过滤后速冷至4℃以下暂存;暂存时间不超过6小时;
B2:预巴氏杀菌:生鲜乳通过净乳、脂肪标准化后,经83℃~85℃,15s杀菌,迅速冷却至40-50℃,打入奶酪槽;
C步骤:生米奶浆调制:乳酪槽使用前清洗,除去黑杂物质,在奶酪槽中泵入40-50℃的预巴杀牛乳160份-240份,并投入稀奶油25份-40份、白砂糖15份-30份、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯10份-30份和米粉100份,份数为重量份数,100-3000 r/min高速搅拌均匀,时长2-15分钟,直至混料均匀,并循环降温至22-32℃;
D步骤:凝乳浓缩发酵:缓慢在22-32℃的混合生米奶浆中加入凝乳酶,凝乳能力1:10000-15000,在35℃条件下,1mL或1g凝乳酶40分钟内能凝结原奶的毫升数,添加量0.1‰-0.5‰,及发酵剂,乳酸菌总数1011-1012CFU,酵母菌至少108CFU,预搅拌2-3分钟,静置发酵凝乳1-10小时,当牛乳凝固后,细菌细胞浓缩在凝块中,生成乳酸,降低pH值,pH 值4.6-6.0;需要严格进行控制凝乳时间和速率,对最终成品的质地和口感有影响;
E步骤:凝块切割:切割把凝块柔和地分裂成3-15mm大小的奶酪生米凝块;
F步骤:成型:将E步骤所得的奶酪生米凝块倒入成型机料斗,成型获得半成品;
G步骤:二次醒发:将F步骤所得的半成品放入醒发箱,于36-43℃下醒发1-6小时;
H步骤:蒸制:将完成醒发的发酵米糕放入蒸箱中蒸制20min,即得产品发酵乳酪米糕。
进一步的,发酵剂为保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种、肠膜明串珠菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、费氏丙酸杆菌谢氏亚种、植物乳杆菌以及酵母菌,一种或多种组合。
进一步的,谷物为糯米、粳米、黑米、红米、红薯、紫薯、燕麦、糙米、西米中的一种或多种组合。
进一步的,粳米与其他米类的比例为1-3:1。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明将牛奶与米类结合在一起,并添加菌株进行发酵,既能保持米类和牛奶的营养成分,长期食用还有益于身体健康。本发明工艺简单,适合工业化大规模生产。本专利在利用嗜温菌参与发酵牛乳,并进行浓缩排乳清,通过各组分的配比的研究,形成奶酪与米糕相结合的一种特殊口感固体食品,并且使产品货架期得到延长,保证其整个过程中风味和口感。经加工的米糕状的带有酸味、典型经乳酸菌和产香菌发酵奶酪香味以及口感香甜软糯的产品。该产品可涂布或混合于其它食品中。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例1,本发明的一种发酵奶酪米糕的配方,以谷物为原料米粉10.0%,牛奶16.0%-24.0%、淀粉1.0%-3.0%、白砂糖1.5%-3.0%、稀奶油2.5%-25.0%、凝乳酶0.1‰-0.5‰为辅料,以及发酵菌1011-1012CFU、酵母菌≥108CFU的发酵剂,其余份数为水。
一种发酵奶酪米糕的配方,谷物包括米类及其他谷物;酵母菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种、肠膜明串珠菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、费氏丙酸杆菌谢氏亚种、植物乳杆菌等为发酵剂;米类包括:糯米、粳米、黑米、红米;其他谷物包括:红薯、紫薯、燕麦。
一种发酵奶酪米糕的配方,A步骤:谷物预处理部分经选料、磨粉、生米浆调制,具体步骤如下;
A1:选料:选用优质糯米、粳米、黑米、红米、糙米、西米,除杂后用清水冲洗干净;按照最终产品的口感、风味、功能-糯米排毒、粳米滋补以及色泽,粳米相较于糯米在后续发酵上是更有优势,粳米会在液化酶的作用下使淀粉更容易液化;
A2:晾干磨粉:将步骤A1:中所得米类沥水后,于37℃-50℃下烘干,至水分含量低于14.5%,用粉碎机磨成80-350目的微小颗粒,得原料米粉;便于工业化使用,并且由于是现场加工采用较低温度烘干,在后续浓缩及发酵过程中能更大的得到利用;
B步骤:牛乳预处理部分,具体步骤如下:
B1:收奶:生鲜乳经过滤后速冷至4℃以下暂存;暂存时间不超过6小时;
B2:预巴氏杀菌:生鲜乳通过净乳、脂肪标准化后,经83℃~85℃,15s杀菌,迅速冷却至40-50℃,打入奶酪槽;
C步骤:生米奶浆调制:乳酪槽使用前清洗,除去黑杂物质,在奶酪槽中泵入40-50℃的预巴杀牛乳160份-240份,并投入稀奶油25份-40份、白砂糖15份-30份、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯10份-30份和米粉100份,份数为重量份数,100-3000 r/min高速搅拌均匀,时长2-15分钟,直至混料均匀,并循环降温至22-32℃;限定了特定的化料顺序,在生米奶浆处理过程最大限度的保留产品的本身特性,其中对于米粉及牛乳的比例是综合多方面因素-加工过程浓缩倍数及成品的组织状态需求决定的;
D步骤:凝乳浓缩发酵:缓慢在22-32℃的混合生米奶浆中加入凝乳酶,凝乳能力1:10000-15000,在35℃条件下,1mL或1g凝乳酶40分钟内能凝结原奶的毫升数,添加量0.1‰-0.5‰,及发酵剂,乳酸菌总数1011-1012CFU,酵母菌至少108CFU,预搅拌2-3分钟,静置发酵凝乳1-10小时,当牛乳凝固后,细菌细胞浓缩在凝块中,生成乳酸,降低pH值,pH 值4.6-6.0;需要严格进行控制凝乳时间和速率,对最终成品的质地和口感有影响;随着pH降低有助于凝乳颗粒收缩(伴随着乳清排出,凝块收缩),继而能影响奶酪米糕坚实度的钙盐和磷酸盐离子释放出来进一步有助于增加凝乳颗粒的硬度。另外对菌种组成及数量的限定是保证最终产品组织状态的独特性、操作的便利性以及质量的稳定性多方面需求,并且通过生物竞争优势,以及代谢产生的菌素等起到延长货架期的作用;
E步骤:小刀刺入凝固后的乳表面下然后慢慢抬起,直至裂纹的出现呈适宜状态,一旦出现玻璃样分裂状态就可认为凝块已适宜开始切割。切割把凝块柔和地分裂成3~15mm大小的颗粒,切块越小,最终奶酪米糕中的水分含量越低。刚刚切割后的凝块颗粒对机械处理非常敏感,因此,搅拌必须很缓和并且必须足够快,以确保颗粒能悬浮于乳清中。通过提升电机的脉冲显示器来控制预定的乳清被排掉。从乳清中分离出的凝块可直接泄入成型机料斗。由于所选米粉的参与,对于发酵奶酪米糕保证水分含量的情况下又不易吸水,形成的产品组织结构保证在冷藏条件下,解决目前现有米糕类产品货架期延长的问题。
F步骤:成型:将E步骤所得的奶酪生米凝块倒入成型机料斗,成型获得半成品;
G步骤:二次醒发:将F步骤所得的半成品放入醒发箱,于36-43℃下醒发1-6小时;在粳米参与下,醒发过程会更加有利于酵母的发酵,主要为产品的微空穴组织状态的形成。
H步骤:蒸制:将完成醒发的发酵米糕放入蒸箱中蒸制20min,即得产品发酵乳酪米糕。汁液不像其它加热方式那样大量挥发,发酵风味物质保留在米糕中营养成份不受破坏,香气不流失。加热过程中水分充足,湿度达到饱和,成熟后的质地细嫩。
一种发酵奶酪米糕的配方,发酵剂为保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种、肠膜明串珠菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、费氏丙酸杆菌谢氏亚种、植物乳杆菌以及酵母菌,一种或多种组合。
一种发酵奶酪米糕的配方,谷物为糯米、粳米、黑米、红米、红薯、紫薯、燕麦、糙米、西米中的一种或多种组合。
一种发酵奶酪米糕的配方,粳米与其他米类的比例为1-3:1。
虽然本发明已通过参考优选的实施例进行了描述,但是,本领域普通技术人员应当了解,可以不限于上述实施例的描述,在权利要求书的范围内,可作出形式和细节上的各种变化。
Claims (6)
1.一种发酵奶酪米糕的配方,其特征在于:以谷物为原料米粉10.0%,牛奶16.0%-24.0%、淀粉1.0%-3.0%、白砂糖1.5%-3.0%、稀奶油2.5%-25.0%、凝乳酶0.1‰-0.5‰为辅料,以及发酵菌1011-1012CFU、酵母菌≥108CFU的发酵剂,其余份数为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种发酵奶酪米糕的配方,其特征在于:谷物包括米类及其他谷物;酵母菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种、肠膜明串珠菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、费氏丙酸杆菌谢氏亚种、植物乳杆菌等为发酵剂;米类包括:糯米、粳米、黑米、红米;其他谷物包括:红薯、紫薯、燕麦。
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的发酵奶酪米糕的制作方法,其特征在于:
A步骤:谷物预处理部分经选料、磨粉、生米浆调制,具体步骤如下;
A1:选料:选用优质糯米、粳米、黑米、红米、糙米、西米,除杂后用清水冲洗干净;
A2:晾干磨粉:将步骤A1:中所得米类沥水后,于37℃-50℃下烘干,至水分含量低于14.5%,用粉碎机磨成80-350目的微小颗粒,得原料米粉;
B步骤:牛乳预处理部分,具体步骤如下:
B1:收奶:生鲜乳经过滤后速冷至4℃以下暂存;暂存时间不超过6小时;
B2:预巴氏杀菌:生鲜乳通过净乳、脂肪标准化后,经83℃~85℃,15s杀菌,迅速冷却至40-50℃,打入奶酪槽;
C步骤:生米奶浆调制:乳酪槽使用前清洗,除去黑杂物质,在奶酪槽中泵入40-50℃的预巴杀牛乳160份-240份,并投入稀奶油25份-250份、白砂糖15份-30份、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯10份-30份和米粉100份,其余份数为水,份数为重量份数,100-3000 r/min高速搅拌均匀,时长2-15分钟,直至混料均匀,并循环降温至22-32℃;
D步骤:凝乳浓缩发酵:缓慢在22-32℃的混合生米奶浆中加入凝乳酶,凝乳能力1:10000-15000,在35℃条件下,1mL或1g凝乳酶40分钟内能凝结原奶的毫升数,添加量0.1‰-0.5‰,及发酵剂,乳酸菌总数1011-1012CFU,酵母菌至少108CFU,预搅拌2-3分钟,静置发酵凝乳1-10小时,当牛乳凝固后,细菌细胞浓缩在凝块中,生成乳酸,降低pH值,pH 值4.6-6.0;需要严格进行控制凝乳时间和速率,对最终成品的质地和口感有影响;
E步骤:凝块切割:切割把凝块柔和地分裂成3-15mm大小的奶酪生米凝块;
F步骤:成型:将E步骤所得的奶酪生米凝块倒入成型机料斗,成型获得半成品;
G步骤:二次醒发:将F步骤所得的半成品放入醒发箱,于36-43℃下醒发1-6小时;
H步骤:蒸制:将完成醒发的发酵米糕放入蒸箱中蒸制20min,即得产品发酵乳酪米糕。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种发酵奶酪米糕的制作方法,其特征在于:发酵剂为保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种、肠膜明串珠菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、费氏丙酸杆菌谢氏亚种、植物乳杆菌以及酵母菌,一种或多种组合。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种发酵奶酪米糕的制作方法,其特征在于:谷物为糯米、粳米、黑米、红米、红薯、紫薯、燕麦、糙米、西米中的一种或多种组合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种发酵奶酪米糕的制作方法,其特征在于:粳米与其他米类的比例为1-3:1。
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