CN107200929A - 一种丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107200929A CN107200929A CN201610150534.1A CN201610150534A CN107200929A CN 107200929 A CN107200929 A CN 107200929A CN 201610150534 A CN201610150534 A CN 201610150534A CN 107200929 A CN107200929 A CN 107200929A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- propylene copolymer
- copolymer
- propylene
- parts
- agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 propylene-ethylene -1- butene Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical class CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical class CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl ethylene Natural products CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006235 chlorinated polyethylene elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical class [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006146 polyetheresteramide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001935 styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000346 polystyrene-polyisoprene block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- LMHUKLLZJMVJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-ene;prop-1-ene Chemical compound CC=C.CCC=C LMHUKLLZJMVJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/14—Copolymers of propene
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2323/14—Copolymers of propene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/26—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2423/28—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment by reaction with halogens or halogen-containing compounds
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料及其制备方法,所述丙烯共聚物为丙烯与1-丁烯或α-烯烃二元共聚物,或者丙烯-乙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚物,并将所得的丙烯共聚物与0-50份增韧剂,0-100份填料,0-80份导电填料,0-100份补强剂,0-80份阻燃剂,0-20份抗静电剂,0-3份偶联剂共混后,通过间歇式或连续式物理发泡方法,得到不同功能微孔发泡材料。本发明方法制备的丙烯共聚物发泡材料,是一种环保抗压缓冲隔热材料,具有优异的抗震吸能性、耐热性、耐油性,并且其质量轻,粘合性和印染性好,同时具有成本低、周期短,且密度可控等优点,可广泛用于汽车、建筑、食品包装材料、家用电器包装等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料领域,具体涉及一种丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
发泡塑料具有质轻、隔热、缓冲、绝缘、比强度高等优点,已广泛应用于汽车、建筑、食品包装材料、家用电器包装等领域。传统的泡沫塑料品种主要有聚氨酯泡沫塑料、聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料和聚乙烯泡沫塑料三大类。聚氨酯泡沫在发泡过程中存在对人体有害的异氰酸酯残留物,并且发泡材料无法回收利用。聚苯乙烯(PS)发泡过程中通常会使用到氟氯烃化合物或丁烷,对环境有不利影响。发泡聚苯乙烯制品废弃物体积大、产品含苯,不能降解,易形成“白色污染”,且在回收加工过程中易释放出有毒的苯乙烯单体。聚乙烯在交联后得到的发泡材料同样存在无法回收利用。聚丙稀(PP)发泡材料具有优越的性能和广阔的应用前景,目前,美国与日本将发泡PP主要用于汽车零部件的制造及高档电子产品的包装,欧洲将60%的发泡PP用于制造汽车零部件,其余40%主要用于包装等行业。目前,世界上已商品化的聚丙烯的发泡技术(制备泡沫密度100kg/m3以下的聚丙烯泡沫塑料)是利用高熔体强度聚丙烯经烷烃发泡来实现的。但是由于高熔体强度聚丙烯树脂的价格较高且使用易燃的发泡剂,设备要求高,因此聚丙烯发泡材料的成本较高,从而限制了其生产及应用。乙烯、丁烯或α-烯烃(5-10个碳原子)与丙烯共聚合,得到长支链的丙烯-1丁烯共聚物、丙烯-α-烯烃共聚物(5-10个碳原子)或丙烯-乙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚物,相比线性聚丙烯,具有高熔体强度,结晶度低,易发泡和成本低的特点,本发明就是提供一种丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料及其制备方法,本发明采用氮气或二氧化碳为物理发泡剂,采用间歇式微孔发泡、连续式挤出发泡、注塑微孔发泡技术,制备得到丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料可以代替传统的泡沫塑料品如聚氨酯泡沫塑料、聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料和聚乙烯泡沫塑料,可用于汽车、建筑、食品包装材料、家用电器包装等领域。
一种丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料,其特征在于:其配方如下:丙烯共聚物100份,增韧剂0-50份,填料0-100份,导电填料0-80份,补强剂0-100份,阻燃剂0-80份,抗静电剂0-20份,偶联剂0-3份。
其中,所述丙烯共聚物为丙烯与1-丁烯共聚物(1-丁烯在共聚物中摩尔含量为15%-45%)、丙烯与5-10个碳原子的α-烯烃共聚物(1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯、1-癸烯在共聚物中摩尔含量为0.1-15%)、丙烯-乙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚物(丙烯、乙烯、1-丁烯在共聚物中的摩尔含量分别为50%-99%,0.1%-20%,1%-40%)一种或几种的共混物,共聚物分子量分布Mw/Mn=2-20,熔融流动指数(190℃,2.16Kg)0.05~20g/10min。
其中,所述增韧剂优选为POE、EPDM、CPE、LDPE、SEBS以及这些材料的马来酸酐接枝物的一种或多种并用;所述填料优选为碳酸钙、炭黑、木粉;所述导电填料优选为碳纳米管、石墨烯中的一种或几种;所述补强剂优选为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维中的一种或几种;所述阻燃剂为氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、膨胀型阻燃剂DTPB中的一种或几种;所述抗静电剂优选为烷醇酰胺、聚环氧乙烷、聚醚酯酰胺、和含亲水基的有机硅中的一种;所述偶联剂优选为硅烷偶联剂。
本发明还提供了上述丙烯共聚物的微孔发泡材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
1)将丙烯共聚物,增韧剂,填料或导电填料,补强剂,阻燃剂,抗静电剂,偶联剂,成核剂按比例配备并通过高速混合机混合均匀,得到混合物料,并通过双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到聚合物粒料;将得到的粒料通过挤出机挤出板材或通过注塑机注塑板材或热压机模压,得到丙烯共聚物板材。
2)将丙烯共聚物(粒料或板材)放入高压反应釜中,通入物理发泡剂,在一定温度和压力下饱和,当物理发泡剂在聚合物中达到饱和后,泄压,冷却制得丙烯共聚物发泡粒料或板材,或泄压后将丙烯共聚物转移到一定温度的烘箱内继续发泡后再冷却,制得丙烯-丁烯微孔发泡材料;
优选的,所述物理发泡剂为二氧化碳或者氮气,发泡温度范围为50-170℃,压力为10-60Mpa。
本发明还提供了采用同时采用二氧化碳和氮气进行发泡的方法,包括如下的步骤:
1)将丙烯共聚物,增韧剂,填料或导电填料,补强剂,阻燃剂,抗静电剂,偶联剂,按比例配备并通过高速混合机混合均匀,得到混合物料,并通过双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到聚合物粒料;将得到的粒料通过挤出机挤出板材或通过注塑机注塑板材或热压机模压,得到丙烯共聚物板材。
2)将丙烯共聚物共聚物(粒料或板材)放入高压反应釜中,先通入二氧化碳,在一定温度和压力下饱和,当二氧化碳在聚合物中达到饱和后,泄压,得到一次发泡材料,然后将此一次发泡材料放入另一高压反应釜中,通入氮气,在一定温度和压力下饱和,当氮气在聚合物中达到饱和后,泄压,冷却后制得丙烯共聚物发泡粒料或板材。
本发明还提供了采用连续式挤出发泡制备上述丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料的方法,所述方法包括如下的步骤:
1)将丙烯共聚物,增韧剂,填料或导电填料,补强剂,阻燃剂,抗静电剂,偶联剂,成核剂按比例配备并通过高速混合机混合均匀,得到混合物料,并通过双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到聚合物粒料;
2)挤出发泡采用单螺杆挤出机或双螺杆机挤出,发泡剂在均化段与剪切段的交界处注入;所述进料段和压缩段的温度均设定为170-200℃,均化段和剪切段的温度均设定为180-210℃,均化推动段的温度设定为180-200℃,机头温度170-190℃。;物理发泡剂的注入压力为15-40Mpa;挤出模头的挤出压力20-40Mpa。物理发泡剂与熔体由剪切段混和、剪切,形成均匀的过饱和熔体;过饱和熔体进入均化推动段后经齿轮泵将熔体增压,经板材或管材机头挤出,得到丙烯共聚物发泡片材;
本发明还提供了采用注塑机制备上述丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料的方法,所述方法包括如下的步骤:
1)将丙烯共聚物,增韧剂,填料或导电填料,补强剂,阻燃剂,抗静电剂,偶联剂,成核剂按比例配备并通过高速混合机混合均匀,得到混合物料,并通过双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到聚合物粒料;
2)丙烯聚合物粒料投入注塑机料筒,注塑机配有物理发泡剂计量系统、注入系统、后止回阀、前止回阀,物料熔融后在螺杆端部与物理发泡剂充分混合均匀,并经过喷嘴注塑到模具内得到丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料;所述料筒温度为170-200℃,喷嘴温度170-190℃。;物理发泡剂的注入压力为20-40Mpa;注塑压力80-130MPa,模具温度40-80℃,保压时间20-80s,冷却时间20-60s,螺杆转速30-60rpm。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明所采用的丙烯与1-丁烯共聚物、丙烯与α-烯烃共聚物(1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯、1-癸烯)共聚物,以及丙烯-乙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚物,与传统聚丙烯相比具有熔体强度高,结晶度低,发泡温度范围宽的优点。
2.本发明丙烯共聚物的微孔发泡材料为一种环保新型抗压缓冲隔热材料,其具有十分优异的抗震吸能性能、形变后回复率高、很好的耐热性、耐化学品、耐油性和隔热性,并且其质量轻,粘合性和印染性好,并且可大幅度减轻物品重量。
3.本发明丙烯共聚物的微孔发泡材料还是一种环保材料,不仅可多次回收再循环利用,而且可以自然降解,不会造成白色污染。
4.本发明丙烯共聚物的微孔发泡材料在制备过程中可以通过调节工艺参数使材料的密度在10kg/m3至800kg/m3之间,发泡材料密度低,且比聚丙烯成本低,应用前景广阔。
附图说明
图1本发明制备方法中,实施例1的扫描电镜图;
图2本发明制备方法中,实施例2的扫描电镜图;
图3本发明制备方法中,实施例3的扫描电镜图;
图4本发明制备方法中,实施例4的扫描电镜图;
图5本发明制备方法中,实施例5的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
超轻丙烯共聚物发泡材料
1.配方:丙烯共聚物100份,其中,丙烯-乙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚物(丙烯在共聚物中摩尔含量为64%,乙烯在共聚物中摩尔含量为12%,1-丁烯在共聚物中摩尔含量为24%)。
2.工艺:
1).将丙烯-乙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚物粉料投入双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,挤出机料筒温度为160℃~200℃,水冷、切粒、烘干,得到丙烯-乙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚物粒子。
2).将上述步骤1得到的粒子放入高压反应釜中,反应釜温度为140℃,通入二氧化碳气体,压力为16Mpa,当二氧化碳在聚合物粒子中饱和2h,泄压,得到一次发泡材料,然后将此一次发泡材料放入另一高压反应釜中,反应釜温度为145℃,通入氮气,压力为25Mpa,饱和3h后,泄压,得到丙烯-乙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚物发泡粒子。
3)将发泡粒子通过水蒸气模塑法制备成不同密度的发泡板材。
3.性能
丙烯-乙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚物发泡板材密度为0.015,发泡倍率为53,拉伸强度0.2MPa,压缩(50%)永久变形10%,静态压缩(50%)强度0.15MPa,撕裂强度19N/cm,泡孔壁薄且完整,泡孔直径为30μm-50μm,其扫描电镜图见图1。
实施例2
抗静电丙烯共聚物发泡材料
1.配方:
丙烯共聚物100份,增韧剂为CPE 5份,填料为石墨烯1.5份,抗静电剂为聚环氧乙烷5份,偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂2份。
其中,丙烯共聚物为丙烯-1-丁烯共聚物(1-丁烯在共聚物中摩尔含量为19%)。
2.工艺:
1).将丙烯-1-丁烯共聚物粉料与增韧剂、填料、抗静电剂,偶联剂按比例称量好,按配比加入高速混合机中混合20min,之后投入料筒温度为160℃~210℃的双螺杆挤出机挤出,水冷、切粒、烘干。
2)将上述得到的粒料通过注塑机,注塑得到板材。其中注塑机温度为180-210℃之间,模具温度为45℃。
3)将上述步骤1)-2)得到的板材放入高压反应釜中,反应釜温度为150℃,通入二氧化碳和氮气的混合气体,其中二氧化碳气体6Mpa,氮气20Mpa,饱和2.5h,泄压,得到抗静电丙烯共聚物发泡材料。
3.性能
抗静电丙烯共聚物发泡材料密度为0.1,发泡倍率为10,泡孔直径为20μm-50μm,表面电阻率109.4Ω/sq,拉伸强度0.8MPa,压缩(50%)永久变形11%,静态压缩(50%)强度0.5MPa,撕裂强度35N/cm,其扫描电镜图见图2。
实施例3
阻燃丙烯共聚物发泡材料
1.配方:
丙烯共聚物100份,增韧剂为EPDM 5份,填料为碳酸钙10份,阻燃剂为氢氧化镁30份、氢氧化铝20份,膨胀型阻燃剂DTPB 15份,偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂3份。
其中,丙烯共聚物为丙烯-1-戊烯共聚物(1-戊烯在共聚物中摩尔含量为13%)。
2.工艺:
1).将丙烯-1-戊烯共聚物粉料与增韧剂EPDM、填料、阻燃剂,偶联剂称量好,按配比加入高速混合机中混合20min,之后投入料筒温度为160℃~210℃的双螺杆挤出机挤出2次,之后烘干,待用。
2)将上述得到的粒料通过注塑机,注塑得到板材。其中注塑机温度为180-210℃之间,模具温度为45℃。
3)将上述步骤1)-2)得到的板材放入高压反应釜中,反应釜温度为145℃,通入氮气30Mpa,饱和2h,泄压,得到阻燃丙烯共聚物发泡材料。
3.性能
阻燃丙烯共聚物发泡材料密度为0.26,氧指数28.6%,平均泡孔直径为20-30μm,其扫描电镜图见图3。
实施例4
建筑模板用丙烯共聚物微发泡材料
1.配方:
丙烯共聚物100份,增韧剂为SEBS-g-MA 3份,补强剂为玻璃纤维30份,偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂1.5份。
其中,丙烯共聚物为丙烯-1-丁烯共聚物(1-丁烯在共聚物中摩尔含量为15%)。
2.工艺:
1).将丙烯-1-丁烯共聚物粉料与增韧剂、补强剂,偶联剂称量好,按配比加入高速混合机中混合20min,之后投入料筒温度为160℃~210℃的双螺杆挤出机挤出,之后烘干,待用。
2)将上述得到的粒料通过注塑机,注塑得到板材。其中注塑机温度为180-210℃之间,模具温度为45℃。丙烯聚合物粒料投入注塑机料筒,注塑机配有物理发泡剂计量系统、注入系统、后止回阀、前止回阀,物料熔融后在螺杆端部与物理发泡剂充分混合均匀,并经过喷嘴注塑到模具内得到丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料;所述料筒温度为170-200℃,喷嘴温度190℃。;物理发泡剂的注入压力为40Mpa;注塑压力100MPa,模具温度80℃,保压时间80s,冷却时间60s,螺杆转速60rpm。
3.性能
建筑模板用丙烯共聚物微发泡材料密度为0.74,拉伸强度21.9MPa,简支梁冲击强度13KJ/m2(A型缺口),弯曲强度(V=5mm/min)28Mpa,弯曲弹性模量2300MPa(V=2mm/min),回缩率(135℃,2h)0.18,平均泡孔直径为5-10μm,其扫描电镜图见图4。
实施例5
丙烯共聚物的热塑性弹性体发泡材料
1.配方:
丙烯共聚物60份,相容剂EPDM-g-MA 5份,POE 35份,碳酸钙5份。
其中,丙烯共聚物为丙烯-1-丁烯共聚物(1-丁烯在共聚物中摩尔含量为20%)。
2.工艺:
1).将丙烯-1-丁烯共聚物粉料与POE、相容剂、填料混合后投入料筒温度为160℃~210℃的双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,烘干,待用。
2)将上述得到的粒料通过注塑机,注塑得到板材,其中注塑机温度为180-210℃之间,模具温度为45℃。或将上述得到的粒料通过单螺杆挤出机挤出得到板材,挤出机温度为150-200℃。
3)将上述步骤1)-2)得到的板材放入高压反应釜中,反应釜温度为140℃,通入氮气20Mpa,饱和2h,泄压,得到丙烯共聚物热塑性弹性体发泡材料。
3.性能
丙烯共聚物热塑性弹性体发泡材料密度为0.45,发泡倍率2.1倍,硬度(shore C)65,拉伸强度5.7MPa,断裂伸长率210%,撕裂强度26Kg/cm,压缩永久变形60%,平均泡孔直径为10-20μm,泡孔大小均匀,其扫描电镜图见图5。
以上所述仅为本发明的一实施例,并不限制本发明,凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料,其特征在于:其配方如下:丙烯共聚物100份,增韧剂0-50份,填料0-100份,导电填料0-80份,补强剂0-100份,阻燃剂0-80份,抗静电剂0-20份,偶联剂0-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料,其特征在于:所述丙烯共聚物为丙烯与1-丁烯共聚物(1-丁烯在共聚物中摩尔含量为15%-45%)、丙烯与5-10个碳原子的α-烯烃共聚物(1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯、1-癸烯在共聚物中摩尔含量为0.1-15%)、丙烯-乙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚物(丙烯、乙烯、1-丁烯在共聚物中的摩尔含量分别为50%-99%,0.1%-20%,1%-40%)一种或几种的共混物,共聚物分子量分布Mw/Mn=2-20,熔融流动指数(190℃,2.16Kg)0.05~20g/10min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料,其特征在于,所述增韧剂为POE、EPDM、EVA、CPE、LDPE、LLDPE、SEBS、SBS、SIS以及这些材料的马来酸酐接枝物中的一种或几种并用;所述填料为碳酸钙、炭黑、白炭黑、高岭土、木粉;所述导电填料为导电炭黑、金属粉末、碳纳米管、石墨烯中的一种或几种;所述补强剂为玻璃纤维、聚酯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、植物纤维中的一种或几种;所述阻燃剂为氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、膨胀型阻燃剂DTPB中的一种或几种;所述抗静电剂为非离子型抗静电剂,如脂肪酸多元醇酯、烷醇胺、烷醇酰胺等,高分子永久型抗静电剂如聚环氧乙烷、聚醚酯酰胺、含季铵盐的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物和含亲水基的有机硅等;所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂中的一种或几种。
4.一种制备权利要求1-3任一所述丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1)将丙烯共聚物,增韧剂,填料或导电填料,补强剂,阻燃剂,抗静电剂,偶联剂按比例配备并通过高速混合机混合均匀,得到混合物料,并通过双螺杆挤出机或单螺 杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到聚合物粒料;将得到的粒料通过挤出机挤出板材或通过注塑机注塑板材或热压机模压,得到丙烯共聚物板材。
2)将丙烯共聚物(粒料或板材)放入高压反应釜中,通入物理发泡剂,在一定温度和压力下饱和,当物理发泡剂在聚合物中达到饱和后,泄压,冷却制得丙烯共聚物发泡粒料或板材,或泄压后将丙烯共聚物转移到一定温度的烘箱内继续发泡后再冷却,制得丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料的方法,其特征在于:所述物理发泡剂为二氧化碳、氮气中的一种或两种,发泡温度范围为50-170℃,压力为10-60Mpa。
6.一种制备权利要求1-3任一所述烯烃共聚物微孔发泡材料的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1)将丙烯共聚物,增韧剂,填料或导电填料,补强剂,阻燃剂,抗静电剂,偶联剂按比例配备并通过高速混合机混合均匀,得到混合物料,并通过双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到聚合物粒料;将得到的粒料通过挤出机挤出板材或通过注塑机注塑板材或热压机模压,得到丙烯共聚物板材。
2)将丙烯共聚物(粒料或板材)放入高压反应釜中,先通入二氧化碳,在一定温度和压力下饱和,当二氧化碳在聚合物中达到饱和后,泄压,得到一次发泡材料,然后将此一次发泡材料放入另一高压反应釜中,通入氮气,在一定温度和压力下饱和,当氮气在聚合物中达到饱和后,泄压,得到丙烯共聚物发泡粒料或板材,然后冷却制得丙烯共聚物发泡粒料或板材。
7.一种制备权利要求1-3任一所述烯烃共聚物微孔发泡材料的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1)将丙烯共聚物,增韧剂,填料或导电填料,补强剂,阻燃剂,抗静电剂,偶联 剂按比例配备并通过高速混合机混合均匀,得到混合物料,并通过双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到聚合物粒料;
2)挤出发泡采用单螺杆挤出机或双螺杆机挤出,发泡剂在均化段与剪切段的交界处注入;所述进料段和压缩段的温度均设定为170-200℃,均化段和剪切段的温度均设定为180-210℃,均化推动段的温度设定为180-200℃,机头温度170-190℃。;物理发泡剂的注入压力为15-40Mpa;挤出模头的挤出压力20-40Mpa。物理发泡剂与熔体由剪切段混和、剪切,形成均匀的过饱和熔体;过饱和熔体进入均化推动段后经齿轮泵将熔体增压,经板材或管材机头挤出,得到丙烯共聚物发泡片材。
8.一种制备权利要求1-3任一所述丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1)将丙烯共聚物,增韧剂,填料或导电填料,补强剂,阻燃剂,抗静电剂,偶联剂按比例配备并通过高速混合机混合均匀,得到混合物料,并通过双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到聚合物粒料;
2)丙烯聚合物粒料投入注塑机料筒,注塑机配有物理发泡剂计量系统、注入系统、后止回阀、前止回阀,物料熔融后在螺杆端部与物理发泡剂充分混合均匀,并经过喷嘴注塑到模具内得到丙烯共聚物微孔发泡材料;所述料筒温度为170-200℃,喷嘴温度170-190℃。;物理发泡剂的注入压力为20-60Mpa;注塑压力80-130MPa,模具温度40-80℃,保压时间20-80s,冷却时间20-60s,螺杆转速30-60rpm。
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