CN107173063A - A kind of brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation, comprise the following steps：The essential condition grown in season：Preparation, the preparation of compost, the preparation for cultivating bed, sowing, the management in Mycelium culture stage, the management in fruit body development stage, harvesting, integrated pest prevention and control measure before nutritional condition, environmental condition, cultivation season, cultivation.The inventive method is simple, with low cost, and the plantation of summer high temperature environment can be achieved, and has filled up the blank of the high-grade mushroom supply in summer market, has met market supply, mushroom grower income and planting benefit are improved, with good promotion prospect.

Description

A kind of brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of edible mushroom implantation methods, more particularly to brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation.

Background technology

Start within 2005, Changle city Xi Er sail edible mushroom Co., Ltds and University Of Agriculture and Forestry In Fujian's fungus research center cooperate from Australia has introduced brown mushroom kind, has carried out experiment in cultivation, accumulative to have planted nearly 50,000 m2, draws kind and is adapted to the autumn and winter Season cultivates, and its cultivation technique is close with white mushroom.Brown mushroom fruiting phase slightly does sth. in advance several days than white produced mushroom；Production Product are difficult brown stain, long shelf-life；Fruiting wide temperature range, especially low temperature ability are stronger than conventional white mushroom, but high temperature Easy parachute-opening, the kind has opened the popularization for cheating larger area in Changle city, and per kilogram fresh mushroom price is higher by 2~4 yuan than candida species. With larger promotional value, market supply is met, mushroom grower income and planting benefit is improved, had very to implementing circular agriculture Important meaning.

The content of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of method simply, and with low cost, product is difficult brown stain, guarantees the quality Phase is long；Fruiting wide temperature range, especially low temperature ability are stronger than conventional white mushroom, improve mushroom grower income and plantation effect Benefit, with good promotion prospect.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：A kind of brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation, including Following steps：Nutritional condition, environmental condition, cultivation technique：Preparation, the preparation of compost, the system for cultivating bed before cultivation season, cultivation Standby, sowing, the management in Mycelium culture stage, the management in fruit body development stage, harvesting, integrated pest prevention and control measure.

Further, the nutritional condition particular technique main points are as follows：

Carbon source brown mushroom can utilize various carbon sources extensively, commonly use straw and cow dung as the raw material of composting compost；

Nitrogen source is main based on cow dung, because the ratio of current cow dung is less than normal, a small amount of nitrogen source can be added in fermentation reactor system, such as (NH4)₂：SO₄, urea, cake fertilizer, it is to promote culm softening and micropopulation to enliven that it, which is acted on, and change into mycoprotein and Its byproduct.

Mineral matter needed for the development of mineral matter mushroom growth has potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron and trace element, typically former in compost Enough, necessary to wherein calcium is mushroom mycelium growth, its physiological effect is resisted with potassium, magnesium etc. to content in material, when potassium, magnesium, When sodium, P elements are excessive, calcium can offset their adverse effects to mycelia；

Vitamin be from the compost fermentation phase ask microbial activities metabolite in obtain, such as the mould synthesis B family vitamin of humic, it is thermophilic Biotin, thiamine and nicotinic acid that actinomyces produce.

Further, the specific main points of the cultivation season are as follows：

Brown agaricus bisporus belong in, cryogenic thermostat fecundity mushroom, fruit body development thermophilic be 15~17 DEG C, thus cultivation season Section is arranged in autumn and winter and the early spring of being extended to, and Changle city is typically scheduled at for 9~early October and builds heap.

Further, particular technique main points are prepared before the cultivation as follows：

Culturing raw material main material：Straw, dry cow dung；Auxiliary material：Gypsum, lime, calcium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, urea, cake fertilizer etc.；

Muck, excrement block, which must shine foot, to be done, and must be broken into pieces before compost；

Straw, to ensure the normal windrow time, should shift to an earlier date standby grass, be preserved after thoroughly drying, general late rice grass is strong, early rice Grass is perishable；Main formula：The kg of dry rice straw 2000, the kg of dry cow dung 1300, the k of coarse colza meal 80, the kg of calcium superphosphate 30, gypsum 50 kg, the kg of calcium carbonate 40, the kg of urea 30, the kg of ammonium hydrogen carbonate 30, the kg of lime 50, before the carbon-nitrogen ratio fermentation of general compost For 33：It is 17~18 after l, fermentation:1；

Mushroom house sets well-ventilated, but can be incubated, moisturizing, shading, draining is convenient, and nearly water source, surrounding environment is cleaned, typically every Mushroom house cultivated area is controlled in 100 m²Left and right, the wide biserial of bedstead be 1.4~1.5 m, it is single-row be 0.7 m, set 8~9 layers, bed Face can should keep certain distance with the laying such as bamboo and nylon wire, top layer with roof system, and with profit ventilation, underframe is no less than 33 from the ground Cm, the CO that otherwise mushroom metabolism is produced：This is deposited on Deng pernicious gas, is difficult to exclude, easily susceptible, the cm of layer frame spacing 66 is advisable, With convenient to operate.

Further, the preparation particular technique main points of the compost are as follows：

Primary fermentation is drenched to straw to cutting or rolling, then with 0.5% limewash in advance, the false d of heap 2, and cow dung is smashed to pieces and fully pre- It is wet；

Build heap：First lay one layer of straw for prewetting on the ground, 10~20 cm of thickness, wide 1.6~2.0 m, grow 8~10 m or more It is long, toward grass face on the cow dung prewetted of dispenser, the full careless face of lid repaves one layer of straw, it is desirable to identical with first layer thereon to spend, with One layer of cow dung of dispenser again afterwards, such one layer of grass, one layer of excrement is until high 1.8 m of heap or so, and top layer is covered comprehensively with cow dung.Nitrogenous fertilizer exists Disposably added when building heap, otherwise, what the later stage added can not be all utilized by the microorganism, and free ammonia is also easily discharged after going to bed, Cause mushroom mycelium ammonia poisoning, typically turning within 2 weeks 3~4 times, turning is declined by heap temperature to be defined, at the end of primary fermentation, compost Fermentation standard is that forage is in coffee-like, flat, relatively soft, has tentacle sense, with a small amount of ammonia taste or micro-perfume sweet tea musty；

After fermentation, which moves into primary fermentation compost in mushroom house, outer heat heating, 1~2 d, makes mushroom house temperature rise to 57~60 as early as possible DEG C, maintain 6~8 h；With rear venting, 48~52 DEG C are down to, 4~6 d are maintained, temperature controlled fermentation is carried out, waste vapour is typically used in after fermentation Oil drum is heated.

Further, the preparation particular technique main points of the cultivation bed are as follows：

After secondary fermentation, compost is layered, substantially flattened, thickness is 20~25 cm.Material is partially dry to spray a little clear water or lime Water, partially it is wet can on bedstead reverse side hole reinforcement ventilation, water content control is 62%.

Further, the sowing particular technique main points are as follows：

Selection mycelia is pure white, strong, free of contamination strain, and before sowing, the hand of operation instrument and personnel must be disinfected in alcohol, takes out Wheat in strain bag, pours into basin ware, agglomerate is broken and granulated, and application rate is controlled in 300-400 g/m2, first by total sowing quantity 75% strain is equably sprinkling upon on compost, afterwards, is gently lifted compost with hand, is rolled and uniformly scattered by wheat, In " heavy people " compost, in addition, remaining 25% strain is sprinkled on bacterium bed face again, and a thin layer of compost is covered, gently Ground arranges the surface of mushroom bed, makes its flat, and be slightly compacted.Notice that protection against rodents works.

Further, the management particular technique main points in the Mycelium culture stage are as follows：

After sowing compacting, typically through 12~24 h mycelia restoration ecosystems；Bacterium colony is substantially formed after 72 h；Suitably to lead to after 72 h Wind, reduces bed temperature, based on insulation, micro- ventilation, typically after planting 12~14 d, when the mycelia of bunch planting is linked to be concentric circles, mixed seeding Mycelia earthing when spreading to bacterium bed 2/3 or so, about cultivate 100 m²The m of grogs 4.5 need to be used³, wherein thick soil (diameter 1.5cm) 2/3rd, fine earth (cm of diameter 0.5) 1/3, general thickness of earth covering is 2.5~3.0 cm, and earthing is smooth, and soil is also mended after adopting, long Happy city is typically using dry ground is first covered, and the mode of rear damping can cover fine earth when mycelia climbs to the 2/3 of thick soil layer, earthing still belongs to initial stage Bacterium germination stage, bed temperature is maintained at 22 DEG C or so as far as possible, promotes mycelia to climb up overburden layer as early as possible, and appropriate water spray, dimension are only needed daily Bed surface moistening is held, never excessive, leakage bed causes mycelia atrophy, or even sink.

Further, the management particular technique main points in the fruit body development stage are as follows：

After fruiting water, fruiting, when mycelia climbs up thick soil layer 2/3, former villiform mycelia is thicker, initially forms wire, interweaves and occurs The small particles for rice-shaped size of twisting together, is commonly called as grain of rice mushroom, now, increases the d of injection flow rate 2, and general water spray every time is shinny to fine earth, Moisture penetration is to the middle and upper part of thick soil, under the impact of heavy water, original a small amount of mycelia appeared in fine earth is pressed onto fine earth layer Between, promote mycelia laterally to spread and tie mushroom；

Spraying fruiting water can not be too early or excessively slow, fruiting area can be caused low too early, is formed " flower bud mushroom ", misshapen mushroom is more, and change of tide is slow； After fruiting area can be raised late, fructification is even formed matter mushroom in fine earth aspect in fine earth layer, Bai Xingu also easily occur, hollow Stronger ventilation amount is answered after mushroom, spray fruiting water, with sharp fine earth layer moisture evaporation, the small particles otherwise slightly tied often can be because of anoxia asphyxia Extremely, mycelia is emerged fine earth layer in thick soil layer, and it is hardened fine earth layer mycelia easily occur.

Guarantee the quality water spray 1~2 time, based on light spray, cross 2~3d grain of rice mushrooms and switch to the small button that hair circle hardens, like broad bean 1 heavy water is sprayed during size again；

Maintain water in order to maintain space relative humidity, meet the development of mushroom flower bud, maintenance water is sprayed daily, keep earthing moistening, together When to spray space, ground, on wall, to keep space relative humidity.It is overcast and rainy not spray；

After the harvesting of change of tide water mushroom, long root is rejected, injection flow rate is slightly reduced, then the d of bacteria 2~4 is gradually increased injection flow rate, makes lower tide Mushroom accelerates change of tide after obtaining suitable moisture, point 4~5 sprays, then spray in general every square metre of spray 2000~2500 ml, 2 d Water is maintained until lower damp grain of rice mushroom re-forms, then sprays fruiting water；

Water spray will because when, suit measures to local conditions, typically pinched using earthing hand can contract, rubs can justify, mud does not dissipate, it is not viscous, do not leak bed as standard.

Further, the harvesting particular technique main points are as follows：

4~6d is lasted from buddingging to harvesting, goes out the 2nd damp mushroom again after 8~10d, 10~15d of interval are about grown per damp mushroom, typically may be used Go out 6~8 batches of mushrooms, mid-April picking time from November to next year, to mend soil after adopting in time.

Further, the pest integrative prophylactico-therapeutic measures particular technique main points are as follows：

Mushroom house periodically will will carry out disinfection and clean inside and outside room away from fermenting house with stacking waste material, instrument and turnover personnel Clean and sterilize, to kill miscellaneous bacteria and insect；

57~60 DEG C of 6~8 h of maintenance of after fermentation and earthing, 48~52 DEG C of 4~6 d of maintenance, earthing can be squirted with 5% formalin Earthing grain, every 100 kg grogs sprays 80 ml, covers 2d with film, stirs grogs, when after 1 week without flavour of a drug, can seal up for safekeeping standby；

Improve envirment factor and change environmental condition, such as temperature, humidity, ventilation situation make up to mushroom growth optimum Condition, can make some mushroom diseases and miscellaneous bacteria infection rate be relieved to bottom line, such as temperature in fruit body development stage compost Degree is more than 21 DEG C, particularly short-term to maintain 27 DEG C, it is possible to break out English walnut meat-like bacterium, equally, and the humidity of planting material is too big and plants Training environment ventilation is bad to cause various diseases to occur, and therefore, requirement that be according to strain to environmental condition regulates and controls, wound Make and be conducive to mushroom growth without the environmental condition occurred beneficial to pest and disease damage, it is found that sick mushroom wants strict sterilization to handle.Note ground Sterilization；

Mushroom house is sterilized, and can be sprayed 0.5 L formalin of 2%~5% formalin or every 28 m3 and be added appropriate potassium permanganate to fumigate, Relative humidity is improved as far as possible, and the h of time 24, chemical prevention, conventional medicament has 50% carbendazim, sporgon, AVM, drift White powder etc., is generally used for the sterilization of earthing and mushroom house, can use the granted agricultural chemicals used on mushroom during no mushroom phase on a small quantity.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：1. method is simple, with low cost, pollution-free；

2. fast growth, the cycle is short, in good taste；

3. suit large area to popularize plantation, economic benefit is higher.

Embodiment

The principle and feature to the present invention are described with reference to embodiments, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, It is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

A kind of brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation, comprises the following steps：Nutritional condition, environmental condition, cultivation technique：Cultivate season Preparation, the preparation of compost, the preparation for cultivating bed, sowing, the management in Mycelium culture stage, fruit body development rank before section, cultivation Management, the harvesting, integrated pest prevention and control measure of section.

Embodiment 1：

Carbon source brown mushroom can utilize various carbon sources extensively, commonly use straw and cow dung as the raw material of composting compost；Nitrogen source master , because the ratio of current cow dung is less than normal, a small amount of nitrogen source can be added in fermentation reactor system based on cow dung, such as (NH4)₂：SO₄, urine Element, cake fertilizer, it is to promote culm softening and micropopulation to enliven that it, which is acted on, and changes into mycoprotein and its byproduct.Ore deposit Mineral matter needed for the development of material mushroom growth has potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron and trace element, the content foot typically in composting material Enough, necessary to wherein calcium is mushroom mycelium growth, its physiological effect is resisted with potassium, magnesium etc., when potassium, magnesium, sodium, P elements mistake During amount, calcium can offset their adverse effects to mycelia；Vitamin is from the compost fermentation phase asks microbial activities metabolite Obtain, such as the mould synthesis B family vitamin of humic, biotin, thiamine and nicotinic acid that thermophilic actinomycete produces.

Embodiment 2：

Brown agaricus bisporus belong in, cryogenic thermostat fecundity mushroom, fruit body development thermophilic be 15~17 DEG C, thus cultivation season Section is arranged in autumn and winter and the early spring of being extended to, and Changle city is typically scheduled at for 9~early October and builds heap.Culturing raw material main material：Rice Grass, dry cow dung；Auxiliary material：Gypsum, lime, calcium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, urea, cake fertilizer etc.；Muck, excrement block, which must shine foot, to be done, compost Before must break into pieces；Straw, to ensure the normal windrow time, should shift to an earlier date standby grass, be preserved after thoroughly drying, and general late rice grass is hard Real, early straw is perishable；Main formula：The kg of dry rice straw 2000, the kg of dry cow dung 1300, the k of coarse colza meal 80, calcium superphosphate 30 Kg, the kg of gypsum 50, the kg of calcium carbonate 40, the kg of urea 30, the kg of ammonium hydrogen carbonate 30, the kg of lime 50, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of general compost It is 33 before fermentation：It is 17~18 after l, fermentation:1；Mushroom house set well-ventilated, and can be incubated, moisturizing, shading, draining facilitate, closely Water source, surrounding environment cleaning, general every mushroom house cultivated area control is in 100 m²Left and right, the wide biserial of bedstead is 1.4~1.5 M, it is single-row be 0.7 m, set 8~9 layers, bed surface can should keep certain distance with the laying such as bamboo and nylon wire, top layer with roof system, With profit ventilation, underframe is no less than 33 cm from the ground, the CO that otherwise mushroom metabolism is produced：This is deposited on Deng pernicious gas, the row of being difficult Remove, easily susceptible, the cm of layer frame spacing 66 is advisable, with convenient to operate.

Embodiment 3：

Primary fermentation is drenched to straw to cutting or rolling, then with 0.5% limewash in advance, the false d of heap 2, and cow dung is smashed to pieces and fully pre- It is wet；Build heap：First lay one layer of straw for prewetting on the ground, 10~20 cm of thickness, wide 1.6~2.0 m, grow 8~10 m or more It is long, toward grass face on the cow dung prewetted of dispenser, the full careless face of lid repaves one layer of straw, it is desirable to identical with first layer thereon to spend, with One layer of cow dung of dispenser again afterwards, such one layer of grass, one layer of excrement is until high 1.8 m of heap or so, and top layer is covered comprehensively with cow dung.Nitrogenous fertilizer exists Disposably added when building heap, otherwise, what the later stage added can not be all utilized by the microorganism, and free ammonia is also easily discharged after going to bed, Cause mushroom mycelium ammonia poisoning, typically turning within 2 weeks 3~4 times, turning is declined by heap temperature to be defined, at the end of primary fermentation, compost Fermentation standard is that forage is in coffee-like, flat, relatively soft, has tentacle sense, with a small amount of ammonia taste or micro-perfume sweet tea musty；After fermentation will Primary fermentation compost, which is moved into mushroom house, outer heat heating, 1~2 d, makes mushroom house temperature rise to 57~60 DEG C as early as possible, maintains 6~8 h；With rear venting, 48~52 DEG C are down to, 4~6 d are maintained, temperature controlled fermentation is carried out, after fermentation is typically heated with waste vapour oil drum.

Embodiment 4：

After secondary fermentation, compost is layered, substantially flattened, thickness is 20~25 cm.Material is partially dry to spray a little clear water or lime Water, partially it is wet can on bedstead reverse side hole reinforcement ventilation, water content control is 62%.

Selection mycelia is pure white, strong, free of contamination strain, and before sowing, the hand of operation instrument and personnel must be disinfected in alcohol, Wheat in strain bag is taken out, basin ware is poured into, agglomerate is broken and granulated, application rate control first will always be used and planted in 300-400 g/m2 75% strain of amount is equably sprinkling upon on compost, afterwards, is gently lifted compost with hand, and uniform dissipate is rolled by wheat Open, in " heavy people " compost, in addition, remaining 25% strain is sprinkled on bacterium bed face again, and cover a thin layer of compost, gently The surface of mushroom bed is lightly arranged, makes its flat, and be slightly compacted.Notice that protection against rodents works.After sowing compacting, typically through 12~24 h Mycelia restoration ecosystem；Bacterium colony is substantially formed after 72 h；Suitably to be divulged information after 72 h, reduce bed temperature, based on insulation, micro- ventilation, Typically after planting 12~14 d, the earthing when the mycelia of bunch planting is linked to be concentric circles, the mycelia of mixed seeding spreads to bacterium bed 2/3 or so, About cultivate 100 m²The m of grogs 4.5 need to be used³, wherein thick soil (diameter 1.5cm) 2/3, fine earth (cm of diameter 0.5) 1/3, typically cover Soil thickness is 2.5~3.0 cm, and earthing is smooth, and soil is also mended after adopting, and Changle city, which is typically used, first covers dry ground, the side of rear damping Formula, can cover fine earth when mycelia climbs to the 2/3 of thick soil layer, earthing still belongs to the bacterium germination stage at initial stage, and bed temperature is maintained at 22 DEG C of left sides as far as possible The right side, promotes mycelia to climb up overburden layer as early as possible, and appropriate water spray is only needed daily, maintains bed surface moistening, and never excessive, leakage bed causes bacterium Silk atrophy, or even sink.After fruiting water, fruiting, when mycelia climbs up thick soil layer 2/3, former villiform mycelia is thicker, initially forms line Shape, interweaves and the small particles of kink rice-shaped size occurs, be commonly called as grain of rice mushroom, now, increases the d of injection flow rate 2, general water spray every time Shinny to fine earth, moisture penetration is to the middle and upper part of thick soil, under the impact of heavy water, makes original a small amount of mycelia appeared in fine earth It is pressed onto between fine earth layer, promotes mycelia laterally to spread and tie mushroom；Spraying fruiting water can not be too early or excessively slow, and fruiting portion can be caused too early Position is low, is formed " flower bud mushroom ", misshapen mushroom is more, and change of tide is slow；After fruiting area can be raised late, make fructification in fine earth layer even fine earth Matter mushroom is formed in aspect, stronger ventilation amount is answered after also easily there is Bai Xingu, hollow mushroom, spray fruiting water, is steamed with sharp thin soil moisture Hair, the small particles otherwise slightly tied often can be dead because of anoxia asphyxia, and mycelia is emerged fine earth layer in thick soil layer, and fine earth easily occurs Layer mycelia is hardened.Guarantee the quality water spray 1~2 time, based on light spray, cross 2~3 d grain of rice mushrooms and switch to the small button that hair circle hardens, seemingly 1 heavy water is sprayed during broad bean size again；Maintain water in order to maintain space relative humidity, meet the development of mushroom flower bud, maintenance is sprayed daily Water, keeps earthing moistening, while space, ground are sprayed, on wall, to keep space relative humidity.It is overcast and rainy not spray；Change of tide water mushroom After harvesting, long root is rejected, injection flow rate is slightly reduced, then the d of bacteria 2~4 is gradually increased injection flow rate, lower damp mushroom is obtained suitable Accelerate change of tide after moisture, divide 4~5 sprays in general every square metre of spray 2000~2500 ml, 2 d, then spray maintains water under Damp grain of rice mushroom re-forms, then sprays fruiting water；Water spray will because when, suit measures to local conditions, typically pinched with earthing hand can contract, rub with the hands can justify, mud Do not dissipate, water is not glued, bed is not leaked for standard.

Embodiment 6：

4~6d is lasted from buddingging to harvesting, goes out the 2nd damp mushroom again after 8~10d, 10~15d of interval are about grown per damp mushroom, typically may be used Go out 6~8 batches of mushrooms, mid-April picking time from November to next year, to mend soil after adopting in time.Mushroom house is useless away from fermenting house and stacking Periodically to carry out disinfection and clean inside and outside material ground, room, instrument and turnover personnel also will clean and sterilize, to kill miscellaneous bacteria and evil Worm；57~60 DEG C of 6~8 h of maintenance of after fermentation and earthing, 48~52 DEG C of 4~6 d of maintenance, earthing can be squirted with 5% formalin Earthing grain, every 100 kg grogs sprays 80 ml, covers 2d with film, stirs grogs, when after 1 week without flavour of a drug, can seal up for safekeeping standby；Change Kind envirment factor changes environmental condition, and such as temperature, humidity, ventilation situation make up to the optimum condition of mushroom growth, can Some mushroom diseases and miscellaneous bacteria infection rate is relieved to bottom line, be such as more than 21 in the temperature of fruit body development stage compost DEG C, particularly short-term to maintain 27 DEG C, it is possible to break out English walnut meat-like bacterium, equally, the humidity too big and planting environment of planting material is logical Wind is bad to cause various diseases to occur, and therefore, requirement that be according to strain to environmental condition regulates and controls, and creation is conducive to Mushroom growth finds that sick mushroom wants strict sterilization to handle without the environmental condition occurred beneficial to pest and disease damage.Note ground sterilization；Mushroom house Sterilization, can spray 0.5 L formalin of 2%~5% formalin or every 28 m3 and add appropriate potassium permanganate to fumigate, carry as far as possible High relative humidity, the h of time 24, chemical prevention, conventional medicament has 50% carbendazim, sporgon, AVM, bleaching powder etc., one As be used for the sterilization of earthing and mushroom house, the granted agricultural chemicals used on mushroom can be used during no mushroom phase on a small quantity.

The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the scope of the protection.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Nutritional condition, environmental condition, cultivation Training technology：Preparations before cultivation season, cultivation, the preparation of compost, the cultivation preparation of bed, sowing, the management in Mycelium culture stage, Management, the harvesting, integrated pest prevention and control measure in fruit body development stage.

2. brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nutritional condition particular technique Main points are as follows：

Carbon source brown mushroom can utilize various carbon sources extensively, commonly use straw and cow dung as the raw material of composting compost；

Nitrogen source is main, because the ratio of current cow dung is less than normal, can to add a small amount of nitrogen source based on cow dung in fermentation reactor system, (NH4)₂：SO₄, urea, cake fertilizer, it is to promote culm softening and micropopulation to enliven that it, which is acted on, and change into mycoprotein and Its byproduct;

Mineral matter needed for the development of mineral matter mushroom growth has potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron and trace element, typically in composting material Enough, necessary to wherein calcium is mushroom mycelium growth, its physiological effect is resisted with potassium, magnesium etc. to content, when potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus When element is excessive, calcium can offset their adverse effects to mycelia；

Vitamin be from the compost fermentation phase ask microbial activities metabolite in obtain, such as the mould synthesis B family vitamin of humic, it is thermophilic Biotin, thiamine and nicotinic acid that actinomyces produce.

3. brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the specific main points of cultivation season It is as follows：

Brown agaricus bisporus belong in, cryogenic thermostat fecundity mushroom, fruit body development thermophilic be 15~17 DEG C, thus cultivation season Section is arranged in autumn and winter and the early spring of being extended to, and Changle city is typically scheduled at for 9~early October and builds heap.

4. brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that prepare specific skill before the cultivation Art main points are as follows：

Culturing raw material main material：Straw, dry cow dung；Auxiliary material：Gypsum, lime, calcium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, urea, cake fertilizer etc.；

Muck, excrement block, which must shine foot, to be done, and must be broken into pieces before compost；

Straw, to ensure the normal windrow time, should shift to an earlier date standby grass, be preserved after thoroughly drying, general late rice grass is strong, early rice Grass is perishable；

Main formula：The kg of dry rice straw 2000, the kg of dry cow dung 1300, the k of coarse colza meal 80, the kg of calcium superphosphate 30, gypsum 50 Kg, the kg of calcium carbonate 40, the kg of urea 30, the kg of ammonium hydrogen carbonate 30, the kg of lime 50, be before the carbon-nitrogen ratio fermentation of general compost 33：It is 17~18 after l, fermentation:1；

Mushroom house sets well-ventilated, but can be incubated, moisturizing, shading, draining is convenient, and nearly water source, surrounding environment is cleaned, typically every Mushroom house cultivated area is controlled in 100 m²Left and right, the wide biserial of bedstead be 1.4~1.5 m, it is single-row be 0.7 m, set 8~9 layers, bed Face can should keep certain distance with the laying such as bamboo and nylon wire, top layer with roof system, and with profit ventilation, underframe is no less than 33 from the ground Cm, the CO that otherwise mushroom metabolism is produced：This is deposited on Deng pernicious gas, is difficult to exclude, easily susceptible, the cm of layer frame spacing 66 is advisable, With convenient to operate.

5. brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the compost prepares specific skill Art main points are as follows：

Primary fermentation is drenched to straw to cutting or rolling, then with 0.5% limewash in advance, the false d of heap 2, and cow dung is smashed to pieces and fully pre- It is wet；

Build heap：First lay one layer of straw for prewetting on the ground, 10~20 cm of thickness, wide 1.6~2.0 m, grow 8~10 m or more It is long, toward grass face on the cow dung prewetted of dispenser, the full careless face of lid repaves one layer of straw, it is desirable to identical with first layer thereon to spend, with One layer of cow dung of dispenser again afterwards, such one layer of grass, one layer of excrement is until high 1.8 m of heap or so, and top layer is covered comprehensively with cow dung, and nitrogenous fertilizer exists Disposably added when building heap, otherwise, what the later stage added can not be all utilized by the microorganism, and free ammonia is also easily discharged after going to bed, Cause mushroom mycelium ammonia poisoning, typically turning within 2 weeks 3~4 times, turning is declined by heap temperature to be defined, at the end of primary fermentation, compost Fermentation standard is that forage is in coffee-like, flat, relatively soft, has tentacle sense, with a small amount of ammonia taste or micro-perfume sweet tea musty；

After fermentation, which moves into primary fermentation compost in mushroom house, outer heat heating, 1~2 d, makes mushroom house temperature rise to 57~60 as early as possible DEG C, maintain 6~8 h；With rear venting, 48~52 DEG C are down to, 4~6 d are maintained, temperature controlled fermentation is carried out, waste vapour is typically used in after fermentation Oil drum is heated.

6. brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that preparing for the cultivation bed is specific Technical essential is as follows：

After secondary fermentation, compost is layered, substantially flattened, thickness is 20~25 cm;

Material it is partially dry sprays a little clear water or limewash, partially it is wet can on bedstead reverse side hole reinforcement ventilation, water content control is 62%.

7. brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sowing particular technique main points It is as follows：

Selection mycelia is pure white, strong, free of contamination strain, and before sowing, the hand of operation instrument and personnel must be disinfected in alcohol, takes out Wheat in strain bag, pours into basin ware, agglomerate is broken and granulated, and application rate is controlled in 300-400 g/m2, first by total sowing quantity 75% strain is equably sprinkling upon on compost, afterwards, is gently lifted compost with hand, is rolled and uniformly scattered by wheat, In " heavy people " compost, in addition, remaining 25% strain is sprinkled on bacterium bed face again, and a thin layer of compost is covered, gently Ground arranges the surface of mushroom bed, makes its flat, and is slightly compacted, and notices that protection against rodents works.

8. brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Mycelium culture stage Manage particular technique main points as follows：

After sowing compacting, typically through 12~24 h mycelia restoration ecosystems；Bacterium colony is substantially formed after 72 h；Suitably to lead to after 72 h Wind, reduces bed temperature, based on insulation, micro- ventilation, typically after planting 12~14 d, when the mycelia of bunch planting is linked to be concentric circles, mixed seeding Mycelia earthing when spreading to bacterium bed 2/3 or so, about cultivate 100 m²The m of grogs 4.5 need to be used³, wherein thick soil (diameter 1.5cm) 2/3rd, fine earth (cm of diameter 0.5) 1/3, general thickness of earth covering is 2.5~3.0 cm, and earthing is smooth, and soil is also mended after adopting, long Happy city is typically using dry ground is first covered, and the mode of rear damping can cover fine earth when mycelia climbs to the 2/3 of thick soil layer, earthing still belongs to initial stage Bacterium germination stage, bed temperature is maintained at 22 DEG C or so as far as possible, promotes mycelia to climb up overburden layer as early as possible, and appropriate water spray, dimension are only needed daily Bed surface moistening is held, never excessive, leakage bed causes mycelia atrophy, or even sink.

9. brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fruit body development stage Manage particular technique main points as follows：

After fruiting water, fruiting, when mycelia climbs up thick soil layer 2/3, former villiform mycelia is thicker, initially forms wire, interweaves and occurs The small particles for rice-shaped size of twisting together, is commonly called as grain of rice mushroom, now, increases the d of injection flow rate 2, and general water spray every time is shinny to fine earth, Moisture penetration is to the middle and upper part of thick soil, under the impact of heavy water, original a small amount of mycelia appeared in fine earth is pressed onto fine earth layer Between, promote mycelia laterally to spread and tie mushroom；

Spraying fruiting water can not be too early or excessively slow, fruiting area can be caused low too early, is formed " flower bud mushroom ", misshapen mushroom is more, and change of tide is slow； After fruiting area can be raised late, fructification is even formed matter mushroom in fine earth aspect in fine earth layer, Bai Xingu also easily occur, hollow Stronger ventilation amount is answered after mushroom, spray fruiting water, with sharp fine earth layer moisture evaporation, the small particles otherwise slightly tied often can be because of anoxia asphyxia Extremely, mycelia is emerged fine earth layer in thick soil layer, and it is hardened fine earth layer mycelia easily occur;

Guarantee the quality water spray 1~2 time, based on light spray, cross 2~3 d grain of rice mushrooms and switch to the small button that hair circle hardens, it is big like broad bean Hour sprays 1 heavy water again；

Maintain water in order to maintain space relative humidity, meet the development of mushroom flower bud, maintenance water is sprayed daily, keep earthing moistening, together When to spray space, ground, on wall, it is overcast and rainy not spray to keep space relative humidity；

After the harvesting of change of tide water mushroom, long root is rejected, injection flow rate is slightly reduced, then the d of bacteria 2~4 is gradually increased injection flow rate, makes lower tide Mushroom accelerates change of tide after obtaining suitable moisture, point 4~5 sprays, then spray in general every square metre of spray 2000~2500 ml, 2 d Water is maintained until lower damp grain of rice mushroom re-forms, then sprays fruiting water；

Water spray will because when, suit measures to local conditions, typically pinched using earthing hand can contract, rubs can justify, mud does not dissipate, it is not viscous, do not leak bed as standard.

10. brown mushroom method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the harvesting particular technique will Point is as follows：

4~6d is lasted from buddingging to harvesting, goes out the 2nd damp mushroom again after 8~10d, 10~15d of interval are about grown per damp mushroom, typically may be used Go out 6~8 batches of mushrooms, mid-April picking time from November to next year, to mend soil after adopting in time；

Mushroom house periodically will will carry out disinfection and clean inside and outside room away from fermenting house with stacking waste material, instrument and turnover personnel Clean and sterilize, to kill miscellaneous bacteria and insect；

57~60 DEG C of 6~8 h of maintenance of after fermentation and earthing, 48~52 DEG C of 4~6 d of maintenance, earthing can be squirted with 5% formalin Earthing grain, every 100 kg grogs sprays 80 ml, covers 2d with film, stirs grogs, when after 1 week without flavour of a drug, can seal up for safekeeping standby；

Improve envirment factor and change environmental condition, such as temperature, humidity, ventilation situation make up to mushroom growth optimum Condition, can make some mushroom diseases and miscellaneous bacteria infection rate be relieved to bottom line, such as temperature in fruit body development stage compost Degree is more than 21 DEG C, particularly short-term to maintain 27 DEG C, it is possible to break out English walnut meat-like bacterium, equally, and the humidity of planting material is too big and plants Training environment ventilation is bad to cause various diseases to occur, and therefore, requirement that be according to strain to environmental condition regulates and controls, wound Make and be conducive to mushroom growth without the environmental condition occurred beneficial to pest and disease damage, it is found that sick mushroom wants strict sterilization to handle, note ground Sterilization；

Mushroom house is sterilized, and can be sprayed 0.5 L formalin of 2%~5% formalin or every 28 m3 and be added appropriate potassium permanganate to fumigate, Relative humidity is improved as far as possible, and the h of time 24, chemical prevention, conventional medicament has 50% carbendazim, sporgon, AVM, drift White powder etc., is generally used for the sterilization of earthing and mushroom house, can use the granted agricultural chemicals used on mushroom during no mushroom phase on a small quantity.