CN107163072B - 一种用于检测锌离子的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种用于检测锌离子的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于检测锌离子的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用,该荧光探针是一类高荧光的二甲基吡咯BODIPY。本发明所述荧光探针,化学名为8‑[4‑(1‑氧代羧戊氧基‑乙氧基)苯基]‑4,4‑二氟‑1,3,5,7‑四甲基‑4‑硼‑3a,4a‑二吡咯(简称羧基BODIPY)。本发明所述荧光探针是通过对羟基苯甲醛先后与氯乙醇和戊二酸酐缩合反应,之后再通过BODIPY一锅法反应而成。该羧基BODIPY在溶液中显浅黄色,在507nm处有很强的荧光发射,该羧基BODIPY荧光量子产率达0.96,水溶性好,毒性低,其对锌离子能高灵敏识别,最低检测限达到3.64μM,其它离子干扰小,是一种理想的锌离子快速检测传感器。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成与分析化学技术领域,具体涉及一种用于检测锌离子的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
由于荧光探针的高选择性和灵敏度,现已广泛应用于阳离子和阴离子的检测当中。这些荧光探针很容易被修饰,以适应不同的测试环境和测试物。目前,二甲基吡咯BODIPY已成为了一个很有吸引力的荧光探针之一。这种BODIPY荧光探针一般光化学稳定性强,荧光强度高,环境适应力强,展现出很好的应用前景。
锌离子在人体内酶的活性中起着重要作用,它不仅参与上皮组织分化,还参与金属硫蛋白的转运和储存;不仅有抗炎作用,还能够降低紫外诱导细胞和基因损伤;不仅能提高皮肤纤维细胞对氧化的耐受力,还能提高皮肤弹性和减少皱纹。但是,锌摄入量过多,会导致中毒,引发腹痛、呕吐等急性锌中毒症状,还会导致肾、肝功能免疫力受损。所以,在环境当中能快速简便地检测锌离子显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种能够用于锌离子检测的荧光探针,通过明显的荧光猝灭可以灵敏地检测到锌离子的存在,有很好的应用前景。
本发明所述的一种用于检测锌离子的荧光探针,其化学名为8-[4-(1-氧代羧戊氧基-乙氧基)苯基]-4,4-二氟-1,3,5,7-四甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二吡咯(简称羧基BODIPY),该荧光探针是一种链端带羧基的多烷氧基二甲基吡咯BODIPY的结构,其具体结构为:
本发明另一目的在于提供所述荧光探针(羧基BODIPY)的制备方法。
本发明所述羧基BODIPY合成路线如下:
该羧基BODIPY的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)将对羟基苯甲醛与氯乙醇以摩尔比1:1~1:10比例,在碳酸钾与乙腈体系中加热搅拌回流,反应10~20小时,反应产物经处理后得到化合物1,所述化合物1为4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯甲醛,化合物1的结构式如下:
2)将化合物1与戊二酸酐以摩尔比1:1~1:20比例,在甲苯中加热回流20~40小时,反应产物经处理后得到化合物2,所述化合物2的为4-(1-氧代羧戊氧基-乙氧基)苯甲醛,化合物2的结构式如下:
3)在氮气保护下,将2,4-二甲基吡咯与化合物2以摩尔比1:1~5:1比例混合加入CH2Cl2,常温反应3~12小时;
接着加入2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌(简称DDQ),其中DDQ与化合物2的摩尔比为4:1~1:4,常温反应2~12小时;
然后向混合体系中依次加入三乙胺和三氟化硼乙醚,其中,三乙胺与化合物2的摩尔比为50:1~10:1,三氟化硼乙醚与化合物2的摩尔比为50:1~10:1,室温反应2~12个小时;
反应结束后,产物用蒸馏水洗涤,用二氯甲烷萃取,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,经硅胶柱层析分离产物,减压旋干后得到枣红色固体,即为所述荧光探针。
本发明的一个较优公开例中,所述荧光探针合成反应步骤3)中,2,4-二甲基吡咯与化合物2的摩尔比为2:1,常温反应8小时。
本发明的一个较优公开例中,所述荧光探针合成反应步骤3)中,DDQ与化合物2的摩尔比为1:1,常温反应6小时。
本发明的一个较优公开例中,所述荧光探针合成反应步骤3)中,三乙胺与化合物2的摩尔比为22:1,三氟化硼乙醚与化合物2的摩尔比为20:1,室温反应5-6个小时。
本发明制得的荧光探针羧基BODIPY,其分子式为C26H29BF2N2O5,红外光谱(KBr),v/cm-1:2923,2847(C-H),1729,1706(O=C),1305(C-N),1245(Ar-O-C).核磁氢谱(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(s,1H,OH),7.18(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.03(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.99(s,2H),4.50(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.23(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.56(s,3H),2.40-2.50(m,4H),1.98-2.02(m,2H),1.42(s,3H).高分辨质谱(m/s):计算值C26H29BF2N2O5 498.2139(M)+,测量值498.2144。
本发明所制备的荧光探针羧基BODIPY在溶液中显浅黄色,在507nm处有较强荧光发射,荧光量子产率0.96,水溶性好,毒性低,该荧光探针在溶液中与锌离子形成1:1络合物,并导致荧光发生明显猝灭,可用于环境中锌离子的灵敏检测,其它离子干扰小,是一种理想的锌离子快速检测传感器。
本发明所制备的羧基BODIPY可对锌离子进行定性、定量的检测,将浓度呈梯度变化的锌离子溶液与羧基BODIPY溶液混合后,测定相应的荧光强度,然后以锌离子的浓度为横坐标,混合体系的荧光强度为纵坐标作图,可根据荧光强度从图中读出待测溶液中的锌离子浓度。
本发明的有益成果:所制备的羧基BODIPY在锌离子存在下荧光发生显著改变,其它离子的存在不干扰锌离子的检测,检测限为3.64μM,可用于高选择性高灵敏性地检测锌离子,这对于复杂环境中锌离子的检测有重要的现实应用价值。
附图说明
图1为羧基BODIPY在二甲亚砜比水为9:1的溶液中,10-6mol/L羧基BODIPY与10- 4mol/L各离子的紫外吸收图谱,横坐标为波长、纵坐标为吸光度。紫外光谱吸光度对锌离子的变化最为明显,表明羧基BODIPY对锌离子有较强的荧光识别响应能力。
图2为羧基BODIPY在二甲亚砜比水为9:1的溶液中,10-6mol/L羧基BODIPY与不同浓度的锌离子的紫外吸收图谱,横坐标为波长、纵坐标为吸光度。锌离子浓度依次为羧基BODIPY浓度的0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.8、1、2、5、10、15、50、75、100倍。图2表明,羧基BODIPY的吸光度随着锌离子浓度的升高,成明显下降趋势。
图3为羧基BODIPY在二甲亚砜比水为9:1的溶液中,10-6mol/L羧基BODIPY与10- 4mol/L各离子的荧光发射图谱,横坐标为波长、纵坐标为相对荧光强度。荧光强度下降越大,表示羧基BODIPY对离子识别响应越高。在测试离子中只对锌离子有明显响应,说明羧基BODIPY对锌离子能选择性识别。
图4为羧基BODIPY在二甲亚砜比水为9:1的溶液中,10-6mol/L羧基BODIPY与不同浓度的锌离子的荧光图谱,横坐标为波长、纵坐标为相对荧光强度。锌离子浓度依次为羧基BODIPY浓度的0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.8、1.0、2、5、10、15、50、75、100倍。表示羧基BODIPY随着锌离子浓度的升高,荧光发射强度逐渐下降。
图5为羧基BODIPY在二甲亚砜比水为9:1的溶液中,10-6mol/L羧基BODIPY与10- 5mol/L锌离子和10-5mol/L干扰离子的荧光差值比值图,纵坐标为荧光差值的比值,比值越接近1说明干扰离子的干扰能力越小。从图5看出,所有比值均接近1,说明其它离子基本不干扰本发明荧光探针对锌离子的高灵敏检测。
图6为羧基BODIPY的红外光谱图,确定了羧基BODIPY的各官能团,确定了羧基BODIPY的结构。
图7为羧基BODIPY的核磁共振氢谱图,确定了羧基BODIPY的结构。
图8为羧基BODIPY的核磁共振碳谱图,确定了羧基BODIPY的结构。
图9为羧基BODIPY的高分辨质谱图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明,给出以下系列具体实施例,但本发明并不受这些具体实施例的限制,任何了解该领域的技术人员对本发明的些许改动将可以达到类似的结果,这些改动也包含在本发明之中。
实施例1
1、4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯甲醛(以下简称化合物1)的合成步骤:
向装有150mL乙腈的250mL三口烧瓶中,加入12.2g(0.1mol)对羟基苯甲醛和6.9g碳酸钾(5mmol),搅拌均匀后,再加入9.66g(0.72mol)氯乙醇,电磁搅拌,加热回流8小时,TLC检测至原料完全消失,停止反应。冷却至室温,分出有机层,将有机层用氢氧化钠溶液洗至无对羟基苯甲醛为止,分出有机层,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,得到14.9g化合物1。
2、化合物2的合成步骤:
向装有50mL甲苯的三口烧瓶中,加入1.0g(2.6mmol)化合物1,搅拌均匀后,再加入1.14g(10mmol)戊二酸酐。在100℃条件下,电磁搅拌,加热回流8小时,TLC检测至化合物1完全消失,停止反应。旋干甲苯,用NaHCO3水溶液水洗3遍以上,分出有机层,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液。得到1.20g化合物2。
3、羧基BODIPY的合成步骤:
在氮气保护下,向装有80mL干燥二氯甲烷的三口烧瓶中加入0.28g(1mmol)的化合物2和0.2mL(2.2mol)2,4-二甲基吡咯,搅拌均匀后,再滴加3-4滴三氟乙酸,室温下搅拌反应一夜,TLC检测至原料基本消失;再将0.22g(1mmol)DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌)溶于10mL干燥二氯甲烷中,并加入上述反应体系中,得到的反应液继续在室温下搅拌反应6小时,TLC检测DDQ基本消失,此时加入3mL(22mmol)三乙胺,搅拌半个小时后,缓慢加入3mL(20mmol)三氟化硼乙醚,室温搅拌5-6个小时,结束反应,用3×30ml蒸馏水洗涤,萃取,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,经硅胶柱层析分离产物,减压旋干后得枣红色固体0.15g,即产物3,羧基BODIPY,产率为30%。其分子式为C26H29BF2N2O5,红外光谱(KBr),v/cm-1:2923,2847(C-H),1729,1706(O=C),1305(C-N),1245(Ar-O-C).核磁氢谱(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(s,1H,OH),7.18(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.03(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.99(s,2H),4.50(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.23(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.56(s,3H),2.40-2.50(m,4H),1.98-2.02(m,2H),1.42(s,3H).高分辨质谱(m/s):计算值C26H29BF2N2O5 498.2139(M)+,测量值498.2144。
实施例2
1、4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯甲醛(以下简称化合物1)的合成步骤::
向装有150mL乙腈的250mL三口烧瓶中,加入0.1mol对羟基苯甲醛和5mmol碳酸钾,搅拌均匀后,再加入0.1mol氯乙醇,电磁搅拌,加热回流20小时,TLC检测至原料完全消失,停止反应。冷却至室温,分出有机层,将有机层用氢氧化钠溶液洗至无对羟基苯甲醛为止,分出有机层,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,得到化合物1。
2、化合物2的合成步骤:
向装有50mL甲苯的三口烧瓶中,加入2.6mmol化合物1,搅拌均匀后,再加入2.6mmol戊二酸酐。在100℃条件下,电磁搅拌,加热回流8小时,TLC检测至化合物1完全消失,停止反应。旋干甲苯,用NaHCO3水溶液水洗3遍以上,分出有机层,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,得到化合物2。
3、羧基BODIPY的合成步骤:
在氮气保护下,向装有80mL干燥二氯甲烷的三口烧瓶中加入1mmol的化合物2和1mol的2,4-二甲基吡咯,搅拌均匀后,再滴加3-4滴三氟乙酸。室温下搅拌反应3h,TLC检测至原料基本消失,再将4mmol DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌)溶于10mL干燥二氯甲烷中,并加入上述反应体系中。得到的反应液继续在室温下搅拌反应6小时,TLC检测DDQ基本消失,此时加入50mmol三乙胺,搅拌半个小时后,缓慢加入50mmol三氟化硼乙醚,室温搅拌2小时,结束反应,用3×30ml蒸馏水洗涤,萃取,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,经硅胶柱层析分离产物,减压旋干后得枣红色固体0.15g,即本发明所述荧光探针羧基BODIPY。
实施例3
1、4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯甲醛(以下简称化合物1)的合成步骤:
向装有150mL乙腈的250mL三口烧瓶中,加入0.1mol对羟基苯甲醛和5mmol碳酸钾,搅拌均匀后,再加入1mol氯乙醇,电磁搅拌,加热回流20小时,TLC检测至原料完全消失,停止反应。冷却至室温,分出有机层,将有机层用氢氧化钠溶液洗至无对羟基苯甲醛为止,分出有机层,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,得到化合物1。
2、化合物2的合成步骤:
向装有50mL甲苯的三口烧瓶中,加入2.6mmol化合物1,搅拌均匀后,再加入52mmol戊二酸酐。在100℃条件下,电磁搅拌,加热回流40小时,TLC检测至化合物1完全消失,停止反应。旋干甲苯,用NaHCO3水溶液水洗3遍以上,分出有机层,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,得到化合物2。
3、羧基BODIPY的合成步骤:
在氮气保护下,向装有80mL干燥二氯甲烷的三口烧瓶中加入1mmol的化合物2和5mol的2,4-二甲基吡咯,搅拌均匀后,再滴加3-4滴三氟乙酸。室温下搅拌反应12h,TLC检测至原料基本消失,再将0.25mmol DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌)溶于10mL干燥二氯甲烷中,并加入上述反应体系中。得到的反应液继续在室温下搅拌反应6小时,TLC检测DDQ基本消失,此时加入10mmol三乙胺,搅拌半个小时后,缓慢加入10mmol三氟化硼乙醚,室温搅拌12小时,结束反应,用3×30ml蒸馏水洗涤,萃取,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,经硅胶柱层析分离产物,减压旋干后得枣红色固体0.15g,即本发明所述荧光探针羧基BODIPY。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的保护范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于检测锌离子的荧光探针,其特征在于:其结构式如下:
2.如权利要求1所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:其包括以下步骤:
1)将4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯甲醛与戊二酸酐以摩尔比1:1~1:20比例,在甲苯中加热回流20~40小时,反应产物经处理后得到化合物2,所述化合物2为4-(1-氧代羧戊氧基-乙氧基)苯甲醛,化合物2的结构式如下:
2)在氮气保护下,将2,4-二甲基吡咯与上述化合物2以摩尔比1:1~5:1比例混合加入CH2Cl2,常温反应3~12小时;
接着加入2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌,其中2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌与化合物2的摩尔比为4:1~1:4,常温反应2~12小时;
然后向混合体系中依次加入三乙胺和三氟化硼乙醚,其中,三乙胺与化合物2的摩尔比为50:1~10:1,三氟化硼乙醚与化合物2的摩尔比为50:1~10:1,室温反应2~12个小时;
反应结束后,产物用蒸馏水洗涤,用二氯甲烷萃取,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,经硅胶柱层析分离产物,减压旋干后到所述荧光探针。
3.根据权利要求2所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1),所述4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯甲醛的制备方法为:将对羟基苯甲醛与氯乙醇以摩尔比1:1~1:10比例,在碳酸钾与乙腈体系中加热搅拌回流,反应10~20小时,反应产物经处理后得到4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯甲醛,其结构式如下:
4.根据权利要求3所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯甲醛的制备方法具体如下:
向装有乙腈的三口烧瓶中,加入对羟基苯甲醛和碳酸钾,搅拌均匀后,再加入氯乙醇,电磁搅拌,加热搅拌回流,反应10~20小时,TLC检测至原料完全消失,停止反应,冷却至室温,分出有机层,将有机层用氢氧化钠溶液洗至无对羟基苯甲醛为止,分出有机层,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,得到4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯甲醛。
5.根据权利要求2所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1),化合物2的合成过程具体如下:
向装有甲苯的三口烧瓶中,加入4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯甲醛,搅拌均匀后,再加入戊二酸酐,在100℃条件下,电磁搅拌,在甲苯中加热回流20~40小时,TLC检测至4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯甲醛完全消失,停止反应,旋干甲苯,用NaHCO3水溶液水洗产物,分出有机层,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,得到化合物2,即4-(1-氧代羧戊氧基-乙氧基)苯甲醛。
6.根据权利要求2所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)具体如下:
在氮气保护下,向装有干燥二氯甲烷的三口烧瓶中加入化合物2和2,4-二甲基吡咯,搅拌均匀后,再滴加3-4滴三氟乙酸,室温下搅拌反应3-12小时,TLC检测至原料基本消失;
再将2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌溶于干燥二氯甲烷中,并加入上述反应体系中,得到的反应液继续在室温下搅拌反应2-12小时,TLC检测至2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌消失;
然后向上述体系中加入三乙胺,搅拌半小时后,加入三氟化硼乙醚,室温搅拌5-6个小时;
反应结束后,产物用蒸馏水洗涤,用二氯甲烷萃取,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液,经硅胶柱层析分离产物,减压旋干后得到所述荧光探针。
7.如权利要求1所述的荧光探针在锌离子检测中的应用。
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CN106588968A (zh) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 济南大学 | 一种氟硼荧基的氯磷酸二乙酯荧光探针的制备与应用 |
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