CN106243122A - 一种检测肼的荧光探针及其应用 - Google Patents

一种检测肼的荧光探针及其应用 Download PDF

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CN106243122A
CN106243122A CN201610613710.0A CN201610613710A CN106243122A CN 106243122 A CN106243122 A CN 106243122A CN 201610613710 A CN201610613710 A CN 201610613710A CN 106243122 A CN106243122 A CN 106243122A
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战付旭
庄志远
张启龙
宋露露
林希锷
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University of Jinan
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种检测肼的荧光探针,属于分析化学技术领域。该荧光探针以荧光素衍生物为母体,以乙酰基为开关,其化学结构通式如式()所示。本发明的荧光探针合成简单,使用方便,可以特异性与肼发生反应,脱除荧光素部分的乙酰基保护进而使荧光素部分与香豆素部分发生荧光共振能量转移从而释放波长更长的绿色荧光。该荧光探针在检测肼过程中不会受到其他具有亲核性化合物的干扰,对肼具有良好的选择性,能对活细胞中的肼进行准确检测。

Description

一种检测肼的荧光探针及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于分析化学技术领域,涉及一种检测肼的荧光探针及其应用。
背景技术
肼(N2H4)由于其毒性和高频率使用引发人民特别的关注。它在各种化工行业里如火箭燃料,催化剂,缓蚀剂,纺织染料和医药中间体有着广泛的应用然而,肼也是一种有毒化学品的,它通过口服,暴露的皮肤或吸入途径是对人体产生危害,已经有报道肼是一种神经毒素,能够使呼吸道、肝、肺、肾损坏并且诱变中枢神经。另外,当它在制造,运输,使用和处理中可能危及环境。因此,开发一种能可靠灵敏的检测肼的可靠、灵敏的分析方法是十分必要的。
迄今为止,各种分析方法包括色谱法,滴定法,和电化学方法常用来检测水样中的微量的肼,但是这些方法往往耗时并且需要处理和破坏组织或细胞。而荧光分析是检测它的最简单方便的方法之一,具有成本低,灵敏度高,优秀的选择性,以及用于生物成像有着显着的潜力等优点而被广泛用于各种离子及活性小分子的检测中。然而据我们所知,只有有限的几个荧光探针已经被用于检测肼,而且一些探针只能在酸性条件下被利用限制了其在生物中的应用。这些肼荧光探针大多数都在紫外或可见光范围内能够发射和吸收,有着高的荧光背景但不适合用于生物成像。因此,对于研究人员来说仍具有极大的挑战性。
目前,检测肼的荧光探针大多数属于反应型荧光探针。由于肼能够跟很多化合物或者基团发生选择性反应,研究者们利用肼的特异性的化学性质,设计了一系列的肼检测荧光探针。
Shuizhu Wu 课题组设计了一种基于ICT机理比率型肼荧光探针,探针本身发出蓝色荧光(Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2016, 227: 411-418.)。该探针利用了肼的强亲核性,取代萘环上乙酰基保护基,使乙酰基保护基褪去,发生ICT,从而产生绿色荧光。该探针能够实现对肼的比色型和比率型荧光检测,其检测极限为9.40 ± 0.12 nM,远低于国际标准(10 ppb)。而且它的选择性和抗干扰性非常好,能够对实际水样中(饮用水和河流水)的肼进行定量检测,对气态肼也能进行定性检测。此外,该探针实现了活细胞和活体的荧光成像。
Suk-Kyu Chang 课题组设计了一种turn-on型荧光探针,选用了二氯荧光素作为荧光团(Org. Biomol. Chem., 2013, 11,2961)。这种探针的水溶性好,在含有小分子肼类似物的亲核试剂存在的条件下,能够实现对肼的选择性检测,而且已广泛用于实验室和工厂中。
大多数检测肼的荧光探针都属于turn-on型的检测,这类探针有着很大的局限性及缺点,如灵敏度不高,选择性差等。比率型荧光探针则有效的改善了turn-on型选择性及灵敏度上的缺点,但是目前基于FRET机理的比率型荧光探针很少,响应时间较长,因此具有很大的研究空间。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术上的不足,提供了一种检测肼的荧光探针。
本发明所述的一种检测肼的荧光探针,该荧光探针的化学结构通式如式()所示:
上述检测肼的荧光探针以如下方法制备:
中间体1a的制备:在圆底烧瓶中依次加入偏苯甲酸酐和对氯间苯二酚和甲磺酸,在100℃下搅拌反应8 h,将反应体系冷却至室温,抽滤。将固体干燥,得S1产品。在圆底烧瓶中加入所得的S1和乙酸酐以及吡啶,回流1 h,将反应体系冷却到室温并抽滤,将所得固体干燥,得到浅黄色固体即化合物1a。
中间体2的制备:取4-二乙胺基水杨醛,丙二酸二乙酯和哌嗪于圆底烧瓶中,加入无水乙醇,120℃回流12 h。随后将NaOH (3 M)加入到反应液中并搅拌10 h,然后在冰浴中将pH调到2,抽滤。将固体在乙醇中重结晶,干燥得固体,即化合物S2。
在圆底烧瓶中加入S2和二氯甲烷,DMAP和 EDCI。将混合物搅拌30 min,然后加入N-叔丁氧羰基哌嗪并在室温下搅拌过夜。用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,干燥,浓缩。将得到的粗产品用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=2:1)分离提纯,得到亮黄色粉末固体,即化合物S3。将S3溶于二氯甲烷中并加入浓盐酸在室温下搅拌2 h。将该溶液减压溶缩,在无水乙醇中重结晶,得到白色晶体,即化合物2。
探针CFAc的制备:将1a用二氯甲烷溶解,然后在室温下加入SOCl2,加热回流2 h。将混合物冷却至室温并浓缩,得到浅黄色油状物,即化合物1b。
将1b用二氯甲烷溶解,加入吡啶。然后加入2并搅拌过夜。用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,并用DCM萃取所得混合物,干燥后浓缩,将得到的产品经硅胶柱色谱法(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:1)提纯,得黄色粉末固体,即探针CFAc。
本发明的合成如下所示:
本发明所述的检测过氧化氢的荧光探针在检测活细胞中肼的应用。
本发明所述荧光探针可以应于检测活细胞内的过氧化氢,具体检测方法为:在Hela细胞中加入10 μM的CFAc,在37 ºC下培养15分钟,细胞释放蓝色荧光。之后将Hela细胞与10 μM的CFAc在37 ºC下培养15分钟后,用PBS洗涤三次,更换培养基,再由肼缓冲溶液(25μM)培养15分钟,细胞发出强烈绿色荧光。实验表明,CFAc对细胞中的肼有良好的成像作用,可以很好的用于检测生物体中的肼,在环境污染检测等方面具有重要的潜在应用价值。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明所涉及的一种检测肼的荧光探针,以荧光素为母体,以乙酰基为开关,能过与肼发生肼解反应而释放出不同的荧光,本发明的荧光探针合成简单,使用方便,可以特异性与肼发生反应释放绿色荧光,在检测过氧化氢过程中不会受到其他亲核试剂的干扰,对肼具有良好的选择性,能对活细胞中的肼进行检测,成像效果好,且对细胞毒性低。
附图说明
图1是荧光探针CFAc的1H NMR谱图。
图2是荧光探针CFAc的13C NMR谱图。
图3是荧光探针CFAc的选择性光谱图。
图4是荧光探针CFAc随肼浓度变化响应光谱图。
图5是荧光探针CFAc响应时间光谱图。
图6是荧光探针CFAc抗干扰性测试图。
图7是荧光探针CFAc对Hela细胞内过氧化氢检测图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
在100 mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入偏苯甲酸酐和(9.6 g,50.0 mmol)和对氯间苯二酚(14.4 g,100 mmol)和100 mL甲磺酸,在100℃下搅拌反应8 h,将反应体系中加入500 mL的冰水冷却至室温,抽滤并用清水洗涤沉淀。将固体在90℃下干燥,过夜,得S1产品23.9 g。在250 mL烧瓶中加入所得的S1和150 mL乙酸酐以及9 mL吡啶,在130℃下搅拌回流1 h,将反应体系冷却到室温并抽滤,将所得固体在真空下干燥,得到浅黄色固体即化合物1a(12.9g,21.2 mmol,产率42.4%)。
取4-二乙胺基水杨醛(10.0 g,51.75 mmol),丙二酸二乙酯(8.64 mL,56.92mmol)和哌嗪(0.5 g)于250 mL圆底烧瓶中,加入100 mL无水乙醇,120℃下搅拌回流12 h。随后将NaOH (3 M,20 mL)加入到反应液中并搅拌10 h,然后在冰浴中将pH调到2。随着酸化过程得到黄色固体。抽滤并用清水洗涤沉淀。将固体在乙醇中重结晶,得到黄色粉末状晶体,干燥得固体11.2 g,即化合物S2(42.87 mmol,产率82.8%)。
在250 mL圆底烧瓶中加入S2(1.31 g,5 mmol)和20 mL二氯甲烷,DMAP(0.07 g,0.60 mmol)和 EDCI (1.15 g, 6 mmol)。将混合物搅拌30 min,然后加入N-叔丁氧羰基哌嗪(1.12 g,6.0 mmol)并在室温下搅拌过夜。用水和饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,静置分液,将分出来的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥,并将其在真空下浓缩。将得到的粗产品用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚 2:1)分离提纯,得到亮黄色粉末固体,即化合物S3(1.57 g, 3.65 mmol,产率73%)。将S3 (0.43 g,1mmol)溶于二氯甲烷中并在室温下搅拌2 h。将该溶液减压溶缩,在无水乙醇中重结晶,得到白色晶体,即化合物2(0.30 g, 0.92 mmol,产率 92 %)。将1a(0.2g, 0.38 mmol)用20 mL二氯甲烷溶解,然后在室温下加入SOCl2(0.12 mL,1 mmol),加热回流2 h。将混合物冷却至室温并浓缩,得到浅黄色油状物,即化合物1b,无需进行纯化即可进入下一步。
将1b用10 mL二氯甲烷溶解置于冰水浴中,加入吡啶(0.061 mL,0.76 mmol)。然后将溶液恢复至室温后加入2(0.125 g,0.38 mmol)并搅拌过夜。用DCM(3×30 mL)萃取所得混合物,并用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经无水MgSO4干燥后浓缩,将得到的产品经硅胶柱色谱法(乙酸乙酯:石油醚 1:1)提纯,得白色粉末固体,即探针CFAc(0.218 g,0.26 mmol,产率68.4%)。1H NMR (CDC13, 400 MHz):1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.89(s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.35 – 7.27 (m, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.13(d, J = 24.9 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (s, 2H), 6.59 (dd, J = 8.9, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s,1H), 3.98 – 3.21 (m, 12H), 2.32 (s, J = 24.4, 10.9 Hz, 6H), 1.21 (t, J = 7.3Hz, 6H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 168.10, 167.94, 167.79, 165.49, 159.31,157.51, 152.04, 149.55, 148.70, 146.20, 142.65, 134.80, 130.16, 129.58,128.60, 126.27, 123.01, 117.13, 115.19, 113.05, 109.59, 107.80, 96.94, 80.53,77.36, 60.50, 45.07, 21.16, 20.68, 14.29, 12.49.
本发明对实施例1得到的探针CFAc进行了效果测试:
1. CFAc选择性分析
在5 μM的CFAc中加入80当量肼的CH3OH / PBS缓冲液(其中肼的浓度为10 mM, pH =7.4,乙腈:PBS缓冲液 = 1:5),检测结果如图3,当λex = 400 nm时,CFAc对肼有强烈的荧光响应,而且CFAc对其他氧化性物质几乎没有响应,说明CFAc对肼具有优异的选择性。
2. CFAc对肼浓度变化响应分析
在5 μM CFAc中加入0 - 160个当量(0 - 320 μM)的肼时,荧光响应强度随肼加入量的增加呈规律性增加,检测结果如图4,结果说明CFAc对肼浓度检测范围广且灵敏度高。
3. CFAc对肼响应时间分析
在5 μM的CFAc中加入80当量肼的乙腈:PBS缓冲液,对CFAc与肼的响应时间进行了检测,检测结果如图5,结果显示,在加入过氧化氢后0 - 120分钟内,CFAc对肼的荧光响应强度随时间的增加呈线性增强,在较短的时间内就能达到良好的荧光强度。结果表明,CFAc对肼的响应快速,可有效的应用于肼的检测。
4. CFAc抗干扰性分析
探针CFAc在各种亲核性物质干扰分子存在的情况下进行了竞争实验,来检测CFAc的抗干扰性。检测结果如图6,在肼与其他亲核性物质共存的情况下CFAc仍然能对其产生稳定的荧光响应。上述结果表明CFAc对肼有着优异的抗干扰性,可以在其它亲核性物质存在的情况下高效的检测肼。
5. CFAc在细胞检测中的应用
在Hela细胞中加入10 μM的CFAc在37 ºC下培养15分钟,检测结果如图7,由图7中B所示,细胞释放蓝色荧光。我们将Hela细胞与10 μM的CFAc在37 ºC下培养15分钟后,用PBS洗涤三次,更换培养基,再由肼缓冲溶液(25 μM)培养15分钟,由图7中E所示,细胞发出强烈的绿色荧光。实验表明,CFAc对细胞中的肼有良好的成像作用,可以很好的用于检测生物体中的肼,在环境污染检测等方面具有重要的潜在应用价值。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对发明范围的限制,所述领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种检测肼的荧光探针及其应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针的化学结构通式如式( )所示:
2.根据权利要求1中所述的一种检测肼的荧光探针及其应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针的化学结构通式如式()所示。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的一种检测肼的荧光探针及其应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针在活细胞中检测肼。
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