CN107162598A - 一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107162598A
CN107162598A CN201710337141.6A CN201710337141A CN107162598A CN 107162598 A CN107162598 A CN 107162598A CN 201710337141 A CN201710337141 A CN 201710337141A CN 107162598 A CN107162598 A CN 107162598A
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高昕文
王维
孙冬
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法，属于电力车辆部件制备技术领域。本发明首先将镍粉等粉碎、压制后煅烧，得到活化陶瓷粉末，随后将膨胀石墨与沼液混合发酵，经微生物作用向膨胀石墨内引入活性位点，并经原位沉积，向膨胀石墨内部引入耐电弧烧蚀的稀土金属，再将甲基三氯硅烷作为碳化硅前驱体，在高温作用下分解产生碳化硅，通过碳化硅与硼化锆作用形成能自愈的玻璃态ZrO2‑SiO2，从而使材料的抗氧化耐烧蚀性能提高，最后与树脂等混合、压制、煅烧制得受电弓滑板材料，本发明制得的受电弓滑板材料耐烧蚀、耐磨损性能较好，同时机械强度高、自润滑性能好，有效延长了滑板材料的使用寿命，是一种理想的新型受电弓滑板材料。

Description

一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明公开了一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法，属于电力车辆部件制备技术领域。
背景技术
当今铁路运输发展的趋势是电气化和高速化。随着经济的快速发展，铁路电气化也进入了一个崭新的发展时期，这对弓网系统提出了更高的要求。受电弓滑板主要用于连接受流装置与轨道导线，将电网电流传递给车辆，为车辆提供动力，是电力机车和动车组的关键部件之一，属于高耗品，在机车运行时与导线发生磨损和电弧烧蚀的耦合作用而被消耗。
受电弓滑板质量的优劣对弓网受流状况的影响很大，因此对其材料性能有着十分苛刻的要求。在接触网既定的前提下，滑板通常应满足以下性能：1、合适的电阻率和接触电阻；2、足够的机械强度；3、良好的减磨性能及自润滑性能；4、良好的耐热、耐电弧性能；5、一定的耐磨性；6、便于滑板制造整体成型并实现轻量化；7、使用的经济性。
目前在电力机车用各类滑板主要有粉末冶金滑板、浸金属碳滑板、碳滑板、树脂基滑板等，粉末冶金滑板的优势是导电性能好，是目前导电性能最优的集电材料；浸金属碳滑板是在碳滑板的内部细孔隙中浸入金属制成，其解决了碳滑板电阻高和金属滑板不耐磨的矛盾，具有较好的耐磨性能；碳滑板机械强度低，易出现断裂、掉块现象，引发弓网故障概率大，使用寿命短，导致其适用范围受限；树脂基滑板是以树脂为基体，通过添加铜粉和石墨增加导电性能，通过增加石墨降低摩擦系数，再通过添加碳纤维提高其强度，是一种新型滑板材料。在现有的这些滑板中，铜基粉末冶金滑板使用最为广泛，但滑板的耐磨损、耐电弧烧蚀性能差，导致其使用寿命较短。因此，为适应列车速度的不断提高，研制性能优良的电力机车和动车组受电弓滑板材料是行业人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题：针对现有的受电弓滑板存在耐磨损、耐电弧烧蚀性能差，导致使用寿命较短的缺陷，提供了一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
（1）称取200～300g二硼化钛、100～200g镍粉、60～80g氧化铝和50～60g锡粉，经球磨、过筛，得到混合粉末，将300～400g混合粉末预压成型，得到陶瓷坯体，将陶瓷坯体经煅烧、粉碎和过筛，得到陶瓷粉末；
（2）称取300～400g膨胀石墨，经粉碎、过筛，得到膨胀石墨粉，将200～260g和400～500mL沼液混合后，密封发酵，待发酵结束，将发酵产物经高温灭菌、离心分离，得到沉淀物；
（3）取100～120g沉淀物与400～500mL质量分数为25%硝酸镧溶液混合后，得到悬浊液，将悬浮液超声分散15～20min，得到分散液，向分散液中加入6～8g次亚磷酸钠，搅拌反应3～4h后，得到产物，产物经过滤、洗涤，得到改性膨胀石墨；
（4）称取50～60g硼化锆经球磨、过筛，得到硼化锆粉末，将20～30g硼化锆粉末、25～30g甲基三氯硅烷和200～300mL水，于温度为60～70℃条件下混合后，得到浆料；
（5）按重量份数计，取50～60份陶瓷粉末、20～30份改性膨胀石墨、5～8份浆料和15～20份酚醛树脂2124混合，得到混料，将混料倒入模具中，于25～35MPa压力条件下压制5～10min，脱模，得到坯料，将坯料于温度为900～1000℃条件下烧结25～30min，得到受电弓滑板材料。
步骤（1）中所述的预压成型的压力为15～20MPa。
步骤（1）中所述的煅烧的温度为1600～1700℃，煅烧时间为3～4h。
步骤（2）中所述的发酵的温度为30～40℃，发酵时间为10～15天。
步骤（3）中所述的沉淀物与硝酸镧溶液混合时还可以加入1～3g聚乙二醇。
本发明的有益效果是：
（1）本发明首先将镍粉等压制、煅烧后，得到陶瓷粉末，陶瓷粉末具有高强度、韧性和耐磨性等特点，添加入受电弓滑板材料中可提高受电弓滑板材料的强度，还能有效降低受电弓滑板材料的应力集中，减少磨损；
（2）本发明将膨胀石墨与沼液混合后进行发酵，在微生物作用下可向膨胀石墨内引入活性位点，并经原位沉积，可向膨胀石墨内部引入耐电弧烧蚀的稀土金属，然后以甲基三氯硅烷作为碳化硅前驱体，甲基三氯硅烷在高温下可分解产生碳化硅，而碳化硅可与硼化锆形成能自愈的玻璃态ZrO2-SiO2，从而增加受电弓滑板材料的耐烧蚀能力和耐磨性。
具体实施方式
首先称取200～300g二硼化钛、100～200g镍粉、60～80g氧化铝和50～60g锡粉加入到球磨机中球磨30～40min后，过80～100目筛，得到混合粉末，取300～400g混合粉末加入到干压成型机中，于15～20MPa压力条件下预压成型，得到陶瓷坯体，将陶瓷坯体置于煅烧炉中，于温度为1600～1700℃条件下煅烧3～4h，将煅烧后的坯体置于粉碎机中粉碎，过80～100目筛，得到陶瓷粉末，再称取300～400g膨胀石墨加入到粉碎机中粉碎，并过80～100目筛，得到膨胀石墨粉，取200～260g膨胀石墨粉与400～500mL沼液加入到发酵罐中，搅拌混合3～5min后，于温度为30～40℃条件下密封发酵10～15天，待发酵结束后，将发酵产物置于高温灭菌箱中，于温度为120～130℃条件下灭菌15～20min，将灭菌后的物料移入离心机中，以3000～4000r/min的转速离心处理5～10min，得到沉淀物，取100～120g沉淀物加入到盛有400～500mL质量分数为25%硝酸镧溶液的烧杯中，再向烧杯中加入1～3g聚乙二醇，搅拌混合1～3min，得到悬浊液，再将悬浊液置于超声波分散器中，以40～45KHz的频率超声分散15～20min，得到分散液，向分散液中加入6～8g次亚磷酸钠，搅拌反应3～4h后，得到产物，将产物过滤，得到滤渣，用水洗涤滤渣3～5次，得到改性膨胀石墨，称取50～60g硼化锆加入到球磨机中球磨30～40min后，过80～100目筛，得到硼化锆粉末，取20～30g硼化锆粉末和25～30g甲基三氯硅烷加入到盛有200～300mL水的烧杯中，并将烧杯移入数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中，于温度为60～70℃，转速为200～300r/min条件下搅拌混合25～30min，得到浆料，最后按重量份数计，称取50～60份陶瓷粉末、20～30份改性膨胀石墨、5～8份浆料和15～20份酚醛树脂2124加入到烧杯中，搅拌混合5～15min后，得到混料，将混料倒入模具中，于25～35MPa压力条件下压制5～10min，脱模，得到坯料，再将坯料置于烧结炉中，于温度为900～1000℃条件下烧结25～30min，待烧结产物随炉冷却至室温后，即可得受电弓滑板材料。
实例1
首先称取200g二硼化钛、100g镍粉、60g氧化铝和50g锡粉加入到球磨机中球磨30min后，过80目筛，得到混合粉末，取300g混合粉末加入到干压成型机中，于15MPa压力条件下预压成型，得到陶瓷坯体，将陶瓷坯体置于煅烧炉中，于温度为1600℃条件下煅烧3h，将煅烧后的坯体置于粉碎机中粉碎，过80目筛，得到陶瓷粉末，再称取300g膨胀石墨加入到粉碎机中粉碎，并过80目筛，得到膨胀石墨粉，取200g膨胀石墨粉与400mL沼液加入到发酵罐中，搅拌混合3min后，于温度为30℃条件下密封发酵10天，待发酵结束后，将发酵产物置于高温灭菌箱中，于温度为120℃条件下灭菌15min，将灭菌后的物料移入离心机中，以3000r/min的转速离心处理5min，得到沉淀物，取100g沉淀物加入到盛有400mL质量分数为25%硝酸镧溶液的烧杯中，搅拌混合1min，得到悬浊液，再将悬浊液置于超声波分散器中，以40KHz的频率超声分散15min，得到分散液，向分散液中加入6g次亚磷酸钠，搅拌反应3h后，得到产物，将产物过滤，得到滤渣，用水洗涤滤渣3次，得到改性膨胀石墨，称取50g硼化锆加入到球磨机中球磨30min后，过80目筛，得到硼化锆粉末，取20g硼化锆粉末和25g甲基三氯硅烷加入到盛有200mL水的烧杯中，并将烧杯移入数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中，于温度为60℃，转速为200r/min条件下搅拌混合25min，得到浆料，最后按重量份数计，称取50份陶瓷粉末、20份改性膨胀石墨、5份浆料和15份酚醛树脂2124加入到烧杯中，搅拌混合5min后，得到混料，将混料倒入模具中，于25MPa压力条件下压制5min，脱模，得到坯料，再将坯料置于烧结炉中，于温度为900℃条件下烧结25min，待烧结产物随炉冷却至室温后，即可得受电弓滑板材料。
实例2
首先称取250g二硼化钛、150g镍粉、70g氧化铝和55g锡粉加入到球磨机中球磨35min后，过90目筛，得到混合粉末，取350g混合粉末加入到干压成型机中，于18MPa压力条件下预压成型，得到陶瓷坯体，将陶瓷坯体置于煅烧炉中，于温度为1650℃条件下煅烧3h，将煅烧后的坯体置于粉碎机中粉碎，过90目筛，得到陶瓷粉末，再称取350g膨胀石墨加入到粉碎机中粉碎，并过90目筛，得到膨胀石墨粉，取230g膨胀石墨粉与450mL沼液加入到发酵罐中，搅拌混合4min后，于温度为35℃条件下密封发酵13天，待发酵结束后，将发酵产物置于高温灭菌箱中，于温度为125℃条件下灭菌18min，将灭菌后的物料移入离心机中，以3500r/min的转速离心处理8min，得到沉淀物，取110g沉淀物加入到盛有450mL质量分数为25%硝酸镧溶液的烧杯中，搅拌混合2min，得到悬浊液，再将悬浊液置于超声波分散器中，以43KHz的频率超声分散18min，得到分散液，向分散液中加入7g次亚磷酸钠，搅拌反应3h后，得到产物，将产物过滤，得到滤渣，用水洗涤滤渣4次，得到改性膨胀石墨，称取55g硼化锆加入到球磨机中球磨35min后，过90目筛，得到硼化锆粉末，取25g硼化锆粉末和28g甲基三氯硅烷加入到盛有250mL水的烧杯中，并将烧杯移入数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中，于温度为65℃，转速为250r/min条件下搅拌混合28min，得到浆料，最后按重量份数计，称取55份陶瓷粉末、25份改性膨胀石墨、7份浆料和18份酚醛树脂2124加入到烧杯中，搅拌混合10min后，得到混料，将混料倒入模具中，于30MPa压力条件下压制8min，脱模，得到坯料，再将坯料置于烧结炉中，于温度为950℃条件下烧结28min，待烧结产物随炉冷却至室温后，即可得受电弓滑板材料。
实例3
首先称取300g二硼化钛、200g镍粉、80g氧化铝和60g锡粉加入到球磨机中球磨40min后，过100目筛，得到混合粉末，取400g混合粉末加入到干压成型机中，于20MPa压力条件下预压成型，得到陶瓷坯体，将陶瓷坯体置于煅烧炉中，于温度为1700℃条件下煅烧4h，将煅烧后的坯体置于粉碎机中粉碎，过100目筛，得到陶瓷粉末，再称取400g膨胀石墨加入到粉碎机中粉碎，并过100目筛，得到膨胀石墨粉，取260g膨胀石墨粉与500mL沼液加入到发酵罐中，搅拌混合5min后，于温度为40℃条件下密封发酵15天，待发酵结束后，将发酵产物置于高温灭菌箱中，于温度为130℃条件下灭菌20min，将灭菌后的物料移入离心机中，以4000r/min的转速离心处理10min，得到沉淀物，取120g沉淀物加入到盛有500mL质量分数为25%硝酸镧溶液的烧杯中，再向烧杯中加入3g聚乙二醇，搅拌混合3min，得到悬浊液，再将悬浊液置于超声波分散器中，以45KHz的频率超声分散20min，得到分散液，向分散液中加入8g次亚磷酸钠，搅拌反应4h后，得到产物，将产物过滤，得到滤渣，用水洗涤滤渣5次，得到改性膨胀石墨，称取60g硼化锆加入到球磨机中球磨40min后，过100目筛，得到硼化锆粉末，取30g硼化锆粉末和30g甲基三氯硅烷加入到盛有300mL水的烧杯中，并将烧杯移入数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中，于温度为70℃，转速为300r/min条件下搅拌混合30min，得到浆料，最后按重量份数计，称取60份陶瓷粉末、30份改性膨胀石墨、8份浆料和20份酚醛树脂2124加入到烧杯中，搅拌混合15min后，得到混料，将混料倒入模具中，于35MPa压力条件下压制10min，脱模，得到坯料，再将坯料置于烧结炉中，于温度为1000℃条件下烧结30min，待烧结产物随炉冷却至室温后，即可得受电弓滑板材料。
对实例1～3制得的受电弓滑板材料和市售受电弓滑板材料进行性能测试，其测试结果如下：
检测项目 市售受电弓滑板材料 实例1 实例2 实例3
密度（g/cm3） 4.2 4.8 5.6 6.5
硬度（HBS） 72 85 87 88
电阻率(μΩ·m) 0.35 0.28 0.22 0.19
冲击韧性（J/cm2） 5.6 5.8 6.5 7.2
抗折强度（MPa） 106 112 115 120
摩擦系数 0.38 0.28 0.25 0.24
本发明滑板材料对金属导线的磨耗较小，具有较好的耐电弧烧蚀性能和减磨、自润滑性能，是一种理想的新型受电弓滑板材料。

Claims (5)

1.一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法，其特征在于具体制备步骤为：
（1）称取200～300g二硼化钛、100～200g镍粉、60～80g氧化铝和50～60g锡粉，经球磨、过筛，得到混合粉末，将300～400g混合粉末预压成型，得到陶瓷坯体，将陶瓷坯体经煅烧、粉碎和过筛，得到陶瓷粉末；
（2）称取300～400g膨胀石墨，经粉碎、过筛，得到膨胀石墨粉，将200～260g和400～500mL沼液混合后，密封发酵，待发酵结束，将发酵产物经高温灭菌、离心分离，得到沉淀物；
（3）取100～120g沉淀物与400～500mL质量分数为25%硝酸镧溶液混合后，得到悬浊液，将悬浮液超声分散15～20min，得到分散液，向分散液中加入6～8g次亚磷酸钠，搅拌反应3～4h后，得到产物，产物经过滤、洗涤，得到改性膨胀石墨；
（4）称取50～60g硼化锆经球磨、过筛，得到硼化锆粉末，将20～30g硼化锆粉末、25～30g甲基三氯硅烷和200～300mL水，于温度为60～70℃条件下混合后，得到浆料；
（5）按重量份数计，取50～60份陶瓷粉末、20～30份改性膨胀石墨、5～8份浆料和15～20份酚醛树脂2124混合，得到混料，将混料倒入模具中，于25～35MPa压力条件下压制5～10min，脱模，得到坯料，将坯料于温度为900～1000℃条件下烧结25～30min，得到受电弓滑板材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中所述的预压成型的压力为15～20MPa。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中所述的煅烧的温度为1600～1700℃，煅烧时间为3～4h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中所述的发酵的温度为30～40℃，发酵时间为10～15天。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述的沉淀物与硝酸镧溶液混合时还可以加入1～3g聚乙二醇。
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Application publication date: 20170915