CN108046814A - 利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料 - Google Patents
利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910021418 black silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 101100203596 Caenorhabditis elegans sol-1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料。以重量百分含量表示,所述高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料主要由废弃浇注料再生料48~52%,致密刚玉15~20%,黑碳化硅14~18%,氮化硅3~7%,复合减水剂1~2%,复合防爆剂1~2%,SiO2溶胶1~3%,氧化硅微粉1~3%,活性氧化铝微粉2~4%和硅微粉2~4%制成。本发明以废弃的铁沟用自流浇注料为主要原料,制备生产出高附加值的优质高性能高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,不仅降低了企业的生产成本,还保护了自然环境,符合国家的环保政策,节约了大量能源。因此,本发明具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。
Description
一、技术领域:
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域,具体涉及一种利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料。
二、背景技术:
随着科技不断的发展进步,人类对自然资源的索取不断的加剧。然而,资源不是无止境的,人类社会要延续下去,必须寻找新的能源。废弃物回收利用的提出为人类找到了“第二资源”。
钢铁、水泥、玻璃等高温产业及各类工业窑炉都需要消耗大量的耐火材料,这势必会产生大量的废弃耐火材料;另外,耐火材料生产企业在生产耐火材料制品的过程中也会产生大量废品和耐火材料废料。这些被作为垃圾的废弃耐火材料不但数量巨大,而且极难处理,除了极少数可以返回到生产线再利用外,大部分废弃耐火材料的典型处理方式就是掩埋或降级使用。这样,不但企业需要买地堆积或掩埋这些日益增多的废料,增加了生产成本,也造成了资源的极大浪费和严重的环境污染。废弃耐火材料对环境的污染主要有以下几种方式:粉尘、结晶二氧化硅引起矽肺病,氧化锆原料的放射性、Cr6+、耐火纤维和石棉的致癌性,沥青和树脂挥发分的污染。
世界各国已充分认识到了用后耐火材料是廉价的再生资源,能显著提高企业的经济效益和社会效益,而且用后耐火材料的再生利用也是对环保的贡献。因此,在不久的将来,以用后耐火材料为原料生产的高附加值的优质再生产品会迅速发展,用后耐火材料的再利用率会迅速提高,并有向零排放发展的趋势。
许多发达国家,对废弃耐火材料的再利用非常重视,再利用率一般都比较高,有的钢厂已达到了80%以上。在这方面日本起步较早,且技术比较成熟,日本知多钢厂用后耐火材料的再利用率达到了50%~90%。在日本的钢铁工业中,废旧耐火材料主要用作造渣混合物及型砂的代用品。有的钢厂以废砖为主原料,开发出了钢包底周边捣打料、钢包浇注料以及定形产品。例如:用85%再生料和15%的新料生产出的电炉熔池部位用不烧镁砖,以90%的再生料和10%新料生产出的电炉渣线用镁碳砖,以及全部用再生料生产出的RH底烧成镁铬砖等。黑崎公司利用废旧的刚玉石墨制品作原料开发了浸入式水口砖;鹿岛钢铁公司开发了滑板砖的二次利用工艺。法国Valoref公司专门做全球废弃耐火材料生意,发明了许多回收利用来自玻璃、钢铁、化工、垃圾焚烧等工业的大多数废弃耐火材料的技术,也开发了一种最佳回收利用拆炉法。意大利0mcineMeccanichediPonzanoVenetto公司开发出一种回收利用钢铁工业各种炉子、中间包、铸锭模和钢包内衬用耐火材料的方法,是将所回收的耐火材料直接喷吹入炉以保护炉壁。美国的利用用后耐火材料做脱硫剂、炉渣改质剂(造渣剂)、溅渣护炉添加剂、铝酸钙水泥的原料、耐火混凝土骨料、铺路料、陶瓷原料、玻璃工业用原料、屋顶建筑用粒状材料、磨料和土壤改质剂,或制造成原材质耐火产品。
我国钢铁和耐火材料的产量均居世界首位,每年消耗耐火材料约800万吨,用后废弃的耐火材料在300万吨以上。我国钢铁工业吨钢(铁)耐火材料消耗虽由上世纪80年代的60kg/t降低到现在的20~25kg/t,但与世界先进水平存在巨大差距,如日本单耗小于5kg/t。除了工艺技术装备等客观原因外,用后耐火材料再生利用比例低是最主要的原因。目前,国内废弃耐火材料的再生利用还处于刚刚起步阶段,国外发达国家对废弃耐火材料的开发利用比我国早。我国耐火材料的再生利用率还不高,仅达到20%,冶金行业废旧耐火材料回收利用率约为40%。国内对用后耐火材料的回收再利用大多还处于试验阶段,做的最好的应属上海宝钢。宝钢每年大约有5.5万吨用后耐火材料,按照材质分类堆放,加工成一定粒度的颗粒料或粉料再利用,并取得了较好的使用效果。宝钢还利用废弃镁碳砖生产出了可替代电熔镁砂和石墨的再生复合镁碳颗粒原料,并加工成再生镁碳砖产品,制备的镁碳砖产品指标超过了同类产品的国家行业标准。江苏淮钢对用后耐火材料的回收利用工作也取得了很好的发展。淮钢与耐火材料生产厂进行合作,对铝镁碳和永久层浇注料等用后耐火材料进行了再生的前期研究,用80%的废砖研制出再生LMT砖。同时,还利用用后黏土砖,加入硫酸铝溶液作为胶结剂配制耐火混凝土,用作包盖浇注料,取得了很好的使用效果。但多数企业的废旧耐材基本上采用掩埋处理,即使再利用,也基本上是简单的加工与掺入,没有与科学的再生技术结合起来。因此,没有产生明显的经济效益和社会效益。
高炉出铁场所用的耐火材料有:主沟浇注料、渣沟浇注料、铁沟浇注料、摆动流嘴料和主沟预制件等。将回收的用后主沟料,经过特殊工艺提取出再生刚玉用于高炉出铁口处主沟接头捣打料的生产,回收的渣铁沟浇注料经过特殊工艺提取出再生矾土颗粒,用于再生渣铁沟浇注料渣铁沟预制件的生产,将回收的渣沟预制件直接破碎后用于渣沟捣打料的生产。对回收的用后废弃主沟料进行还原处理,通过特殊的工艺使其中的致密刚玉、棕刚玉及各种微粉等原材料从废主沟料中分离出来为下一步制备新铁沟料、渣沟料产品打下原料基础。由此可知,利用废弃浇注料制备高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料是耐火材料技术领域的研发趋势。
三、发明内容:
本发明要解决的技术问题是:根据目前耐火材料技术领域对废弃浇注料回收利用研究的趋势,本发明提供一种利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料。本发明以废弃的铁沟用自流浇注料为主要原料,制备生产高附加值的优质高性能高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,不仅降低了企业的生产成本,还保护了自然环境,符合国家的环保政策,节约了大量能源。因此,本发明具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。
为了解决上述问题,本发明采取的技术方案是:
本发明提供一种利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,以重量百分含量表示,所述高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料主要由废弃浇注料再生料48~52%,致密刚玉15~20%,黑碳化硅14~18%,氮化硅3~7%,复合减水剂1~2%,复合防爆剂1~2%,SiO2溶胶1~3%,氧化硅微粉1~3%,活性氧化铝微粉2~4%和硅微粉2~4%制成。
根据上述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,所述高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料主要由废弃浇注料再生料50%,致密刚玉17%,黑碳化硅16%,氮化硅5%,复合减水剂1%,复合防爆剂1%,SiO2溶胶2%,氧化硅微粉2%,活性氧化铝微粉3%和硅微粉3%制成。
根据上述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,所述废弃浇注料再生料的制备方法为:
a、首先将废弃出铁沟用耐火浇注料残衬进行表面处理,去除粘附在耐火浇注料残衬表面的残铁、残渣;
b、然后将处理后的废弃出铁沟用耐火浇注料残衬依次经颚式破碎机一级破碎、对辊破碎机二级破碎;破碎后采用强力双辊磁选机进行磁选,得到废弃浇注料颗粒料;
c、将得到的废弃浇注料颗粒料加入反应釜中,在反应釜中加入去离子水和甲基乙基酮,去离子水的加入量为废弃浇注料颗粒料重量的10倍,甲基乙基酮的加入量为废弃浇注料颗粒料重量的0.05倍;接着加热至60℃,在此温度下保温强力搅拌48h,搅拌后经离心、烘干,得到粒度为1~9mm的废弃浇注料再生料。
根据上述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,所述复合减水剂是由硫酸铝和硫酸镁按照1:1的重量比混合而成。
根据上述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,所述复合防爆剂是由聚苯乙烯纤维和碱式乳酸铝按照1:1的重量比混合而成。
根据上述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,所述废弃浇注料再生料的粒度为1~9mm,致密刚玉的粒度为1~9mm,黑碳化硅的粒度为0~1mm,氮化硅的粒度为≤1mm,氧化硅微粉的粒度为≤60μm,活性氧化铝微粉的粒度为≤60μm,硅微粉的粒度为300目。
根据上述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,所述快干自流浇注料的制备方法为:按照上述的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料配比比例称取各种原料,将称取的各种原料加入带有强力型搅拌桨的立式混合反应釜中进行强力搅拌,强力搅拌2~3h,搅拌后包装,得到产品高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料。
本发明骨料致密刚玉的粉碎:致密刚玉依次经颚式破碎机一级破碎、对辊破碎机二级破碎、强力双辊磁选机进行磁选、震动分样筛进行筛选,最后选取粒径小于9mm致密刚玉作为骨料。
黑碳化硅粉料的制备:将黑碳化硅经对辊破碎机破碎,立式悬辊磨机制备成粉料。
本发明将废弃的出铁沟用耐火浇注料残衬进行处理,得到的废弃浇注料再生料作为主要原料,添加少量致密刚玉共同作为骨料,以黑碳化硅作为粉料,非氧化物氮化硅代替碳,以硫酸铝和硫酸镁的混合物作为复合减水剂,聚苯乙烯纤维和碱式乳酸铝的混合物作为复合防爆剂,纯二氧化硅溶胶作为结合剂,采用硅微粉、氧化硅微粉和活性氧化铝微粉作为外加剂。将各种配料混合制得本发明高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料。
本发明的积极有益效果:
1、本发明将废弃的出铁沟用耐火浇注料残衬进行加工处理,得到再生料;以加工处理得到的再生料作为主要原料,制备出高附加值的优质高性能高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,不仅降低了企业的生产成本,而且保护了自然环境,符合国家的环保政策,节约了大量能源;具有广泛的应用前景及市场竞争力;本发明产品具有优越的性能,是高炉出铁沟用耐火材料的新型升级换代产品。因此,本发明具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。
2、本发明以大型固体废弃物即废弃的铁沟用自流浇注料作为主要原料制备出高性能的出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,符合国家环保、节能、可持续发展的战略,推动了高炉出铁沟用耐火材料的换代升级,使高炉出铁沟用耐火材料向环保、节能、高性能发展成为现实,降低了生产成本,提高了企业和下游钢铁行业的产品质量和效益,带动了耐火材料行业的产品结构调整升级和科技进步,同时也推动冶金等相关行业的科技进步。
3、本发明技术方案采用SiO2溶胶作为结合剂,制备出一种无水泥快干自流浇注料,具有干燥烘烤性能好、中低温强度高、烧结性能好和体积稳定性好等优点。
4、本发明将快干技术和自流浇注料相结合制备出高性能高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,本发明产品自流值高,只需要烘烤1小时就可以出铁,达到了自流和快干的目的。并且具有较强的耐铁水和熔渣的侵蚀性能、耐冲刷能力强,抗热震性好、抗剥落性强、抗氧化能力强,容易施工、可快速烘烤不爆裂,不产生有害气体,不粘渣铁和寿命长等特点。本发明以废弃的出铁沟用耐火浇注料残衬作为主要原料,保护了自然环境,体现了循环经济概念,符合国家可持续发展的战略规划。
5、目前已有的高炉出铁沟用自流浇注料,基本都是采用沥青作为碳素原料,沥青在热态施工和加热干燥过程中挥发分气化,并释放出烟尘和难闻的气味,这些都是对人体和环境有害的物质。本发明通过改进添加非氧化物氮化硅代替碳,使铁沟浇注料无沥青化成为现实,其抗侵蚀性和热震性均没有明显下降。
6、本发明技术方案中加入硫酸铝和硫酸镁作为复合减水剂,该复合减水剂具有明显的分散和减水作用;本发明加入的氮化硅Si3N4具有耐火度高、抗侵蚀性好的特点,Si3N4氧化后生成的SiO2与Al2O3等反应形成玻璃膜,覆盖于材料表面,能起到抗氧化作用,使材料的抗氧化性增强。同时Si3N4和渣铁不易润湿使得材料的抗渣性能增强;本发明采用聚苯乙烯纤维和碱式乳酸铝的混合物作为复合防爆剂,使材料的抗爆裂性能完全能满足出铁沟现场烘烤条件。
7、利用本发明技术方案制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料的主要技术指标检测数据如下:
(1)Al2O3≥65%;
(2)SiC≥15%;
(3)体积密度(110℃,烘干)≥2.9g/cm3;
(1450℃×3h)≥2.8g/cm3;
(4)抗折强度(110℃×24h)≥8.0Mpa;
(1450℃×3h)≥9.0Mpa;
(5)烧后线变化率(1450℃×3h)≤±0.5%
(6)耐压强度(110℃×24h烘干后)≥25Mpa;
(1450℃×3h烧后)≥35Mpa;
(7)自流值170~210。
四、具体实施方式:
以下结合实施例进一步阐述本发明,但并不限制本发明技术方案保护的范围。
以下实施例中采用的废弃浇注料再生料的制备方法为:
a、首先将废弃出铁沟用耐火浇注料残衬进行表面处理,去除粘附在耐火浇注料残衬表面的残铁、残渣;
b、然后将处理后的废弃出铁沟用耐火浇注料残衬依次经颚式破碎机一级破碎、对辊破碎机二级破碎;破碎后采用强力双辊磁选机进行磁选,得到废弃浇注料颗粒料;
c、将得到的废弃浇注料颗粒料加入反应釜中,在反应釜中加入去离子水和甲基乙基酮,去离子水的加入量为废弃浇注料颗粒料重量的10倍,甲基乙基酮的加入量为废弃浇注料颗粒料重量的0.05倍;接着加热至60℃,在此温度下保温强力搅拌48h,搅拌后经离心、烘干,得到粒度为1~9mm的废弃浇注料再生料。
采用的复合减水剂是由硫酸铝和硫酸镁按照1:1的重量比混合而成。
采用的复合防爆剂是由聚苯乙烯纤维和碱式乳酸铝按照1:1的重量比混合而成。
采用的废弃浇注料再生料的粒度为1~9mm,致密刚玉的粒度为1~9mm,黑碳化硅的粒度为0~1mm,氮化硅的粒度为≤1mm,氧化硅微粉的粒度为≤60μm,活性氧化铝微粉的粒度为≤60μm,硅微粉的粒度为300目。
实施例1:
本发明利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,以重量百分含量表示,由废弃浇注料再生料50%,致密刚玉17%,黑碳化硅16%,氮化硅5%,复合减水剂1%,复合防爆剂1%,SiO2溶胶2%,氧化硅微粉2%,活性氧化铝微粉3%和硅微粉3%制成。
实施例2:
本发明利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,以重量百分含量表示,由废弃浇注料再生料52%,致密刚玉15%,黑碳化硅18%,氮化硅3%,复合减水剂2%,复合防爆剂1%,SiO2溶胶2%,氧化硅微粉1%,活性氧化铝微粉4%和硅微粉2%制成。
实施例3:
本发明利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,以重量百分含量表示,由废弃浇注料再生料48%,致密刚玉20%,黑碳化硅14%,氮化硅3%,复合减水剂1%,复合防爆剂2%,SiO2溶胶3%,氧化硅微粉3%,活性氧化铝微粉2%和硅微粉4%制成。
实施例4:
本发明利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,以重量百分含量表示,由废弃浇注料再生料51%,致密刚玉16%,黑碳化硅15%,氮化硅7%,复合减水剂1%,复合防爆剂1%,SiO2溶胶1%,氧化硅微粉2%,活性氧化铝微粉3%和硅微粉3%制成。
本发明实施例1-4利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料的制备方法为:
按照任一实施例所述的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料配比比例称取各种原料,将称取的各种原料加入带有强力型搅拌桨的混合反应釜中进行强力搅拌,强力搅拌2h,搅拌后包装,得到产品高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料。
Claims (7)
1.一种利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,其特征在于:以重量百分含量表示,所述高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料主要由废弃浇注料再生料48~52%,致密刚玉15~20%,黑碳化硅14~18%,氮化硅3~7%,复合减水剂1~2%,复合防爆剂1~2%,SiO2溶胶1~3%,氧化硅微粉1~3%,活性氧化铝微粉2~4%和硅微粉2~4%制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,其特征在于,所述高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料主要由废弃浇注料再生料50%,致密刚玉17%,黑碳化硅16%,氮化硅5%,复合减水剂1%,复合防爆剂1%,SiO2溶胶2%,氧化硅微粉2%,活性氧化铝微粉3%和硅微粉3%制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,其特征在于,所述废弃浇注料再生料的制备方法为:
a、首先将废弃出铁沟用耐火浇注料残衬进行表面处理,去除粘附在耐火浇注料残衬表面的残铁、残渣;
b、然后将处理后的废弃出铁沟用耐火浇注料残衬依次经颚式破碎机一级破碎、对辊破碎机二级破碎;破碎后采用强力双辊磁选机进行磁选,得到废弃浇注料颗粒料;
c、将得到的废弃浇注料颗粒料加入反应釜中,在反应釜中加入去离子水和甲基乙基酮,去离子水的加入量为废弃浇注料颗粒料重量的10倍,甲基乙基酮的加入量为废弃浇注料颗粒料重量的0.05倍;接着加热至60℃,在此温度下保温强力搅拌48h,搅拌后经离心、烘干,得到粒度为1~9mm的废弃浇注料再生料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,其特征在于:所述复合减水剂是由硫酸铝和硫酸镁按照1:1的重量比混合而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,其特征在于:所述复合防爆剂是由聚苯乙烯纤维和碱式乳酸铝按照1:1的重量比混合而成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,其特征在于:所述废弃浇注料再生料的粒度为1~9mm,致密刚玉的粒度为1~9mm,黑碳化硅的粒度为0~1mm,氮化硅的粒度为≤1mm,氧化硅微粉的粒度为≤60μm,活性氧化铝微粉的粒度为≤60μm,硅微粉的粒度为300目。
7.根据权利要求1所述的利用废弃浇注料再生料制备的高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料,其特征在于:所述快干自流浇注料的制备方法为:按照权利要求1所述的快干自流浇注料配比比例称取各种原料,将称取的各种原料加入带有强力型搅拌桨的立式混合反应釜中进行强力搅拌,强力搅拌2~3h,搅拌后包装,得到产品高炉出铁沟用快干自流浇注料。
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