CN107156652A - 一种多功能可食性材料的制备方法及其用途 - Google Patents

一种多功能可食性材料的制备方法及其用途 Download PDF

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CN107156652A
CN107156652A CN201710367868.9A CN201710367868A CN107156652A CN 107156652 A CN107156652 A CN 107156652A CN 201710367868 A CN201710367868 A CN 201710367868A CN 107156652 A CN107156652 A CN 107156652A
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powder
animal
protease
edible material
functional edible
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邹仁英
骆琳
马海乐
巫国兴
蒋晗飞
丁青芝
代春华
何荣海
任晓锋
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多功能可食性材料的制备方法及其用途，属于可食性材料技术领域。本发明的目的是提供一种多功能可食用材料的制备方法及其用途。包括原料过筛、加水调配、超声波处理，酶解，二次调配、定型等工艺过程，所的产品多肽含量11.7~16.6mg/g，其中分子量小于5000D的免疫活性多肽量为10.1~14.7 mg/g。本发明所用材料均为可食用材料，用后可以安全食用。材料有足够的强度，可以制成一次性餐具，食品内包装材料等。材料用完后可回收制成功能饲料，或直接粉碎后饲喂宠物，提高动物的免疫力，减少因为疫病引起的动物死亡。不同模型动物死亡率降低19.2~100%。

Description

一种多功能可食性材料的制备方法及其用途
技术领域
本发明涉及可食性材料技术领域，特指一种多功能可食用材料及其用途。
背景技术
餐饮行业的一次性餐具消耗量非常大，仅一次性餐盒每年的消耗量就达到150亿只，1999年我国开始全面禁用一次性发泡餐盒，至此各种各样的可降解餐盒开始出现。如中国发明专利CN103169315A公开了一种一次性环保餐具的加工方法，该方法采用大米、黄黏米、糯米、拉面剂、可食用胶质、酸奶等多种材料加工而成，用完可食用；中国发明专利CN105746639A公开的一种可实用营养餐具及其制备方法，采用牛奶、砂糖、杏仁粉、泡打粉等制成，用后可食用。中国发明专利CN105433362A公开的一种可食性餐具的制备方法，利用红薯、土豆、玉米淀粉、明胶等制成，用后可食用。上述产品的普遍存在的问题是为了考虑可食用性，必须改善产品的风味和口感，因此牺牲了产品的强度和硬度，另一方面也增加了成本。而对于用后可食用，一般消费者很少会在食用后将餐具也一起吃掉，因此增加了更多的垃圾，尽管这些垃圾也可以降解，但仍然会造成环境污染的问题。本发明公开的一种可食用性材料，不过分强调用后即食，因此可以忽略口感和风味，产品的强度和硬度可以根据使用需求进行调整。另一方面，因为无需考虑食用口感，无需加入调味料，产品的成本因此降低。消费者如果需要本发明材料制成的餐具，可以温水浸泡一段时间后再破碎而食用。而对于用后并没有食用的部分，可集中回收后粉碎加工成饲料，因为本品蛋白含量高，而且加入了活性多肽，不仅为动物提供充足的蛋白质，而加入的多肽还会提高动物的免疫力，减少动物因为疫病造成的死亡。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种多功能可食性材料的制备方法及其用途。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下手段来实现的：一种多功能可食性材料，其原料的配方组分按重量计为：
其中所述的蛋白酶为胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶的至少一种。
其中所述的植物蛋白粉为大豆饼粕粉、菜籽饼粕粉、大蒜粉、紫菜粉、葡萄籽蛋白粉、小麦胚芽蛋白粉、芝麻粕粉等所有植物来源蛋白粉中的一种或几种。
其中所述的动物蛋白为动物血粉、乳粉、骨粉等所有动物来源蛋白粉中的一种或数种。
一种多功能可食性材料的制备方法，按照下述步骤进行：先将10～20份玉米粉、10～20份小麦粉、植物蛋白粉、动物蛋白粉、蛋白酶加水调配均匀，加热至蛋白酶最适温度搅拌反应5～30min，如果是两种及两以上蛋白酶时，先加热到最适温度最低的蛋白酶最适温度反应5～30min，再加热到最适温度第二低的蛋白酶最适反应温度反应5～30min，以此类推直至所有的蛋白酶反应完毕，冷却到室温，加入其余的玉米粉、小麦粉调成面团，装入磨具，在130～180℃下烤制10～20min，脱模既得一次性筷子、勺子、刀叉、餐盘、碗、盆、杯，食品包装盒。
取一定量一次性餐具、包装盒，粉碎后加重量30～60％的水混匀，用颗粒饲料机制粒，粒度0.1～0.8mm，60～80℃干燥4～8h，制得动物饲料，可饲养禽类、哺乳类、水产类动物，降低动物死亡率。
本发明所具有的优点是：产品可制成一次性筷子、勺子、刀叉、餐盘、碗、盆、杯，食品包装盒使用后回收可粉碎后作为动物饲料，饲喂水产、禽类、猪、家庭饲养宠物，降低动物死亡率，提高养殖效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步阐述，但本发明不限于下述实施例，对于本领域一般技术人员而言，在不背离本发明原理的前提下对它所做的任何显而易见的改动，都属于本发明的构思和所附权利要求的保护范围。
样品中多肽含量的测定
样品提取：
称取约2g样品，加入20ml水，混匀后用快速滤纸过滤，取滤液8ml于离心管中，加2ml25％三氯乙酸，混匀后室温下放置反应1h后，2500r×25min离心，取1ml上清液加入双缩脲试液(取硫酸铜1.50g和酒石酸钾钠6.0g加水500ml使溶解，边搅边加入10％氢氧化钠300ml，用水稀释至1000ml。混匀)5ml，混匀，室温放置30分钟，,在540nm波长处测定吸收度，另精密称取酪蛋白对照品适量，加0.05mol/L氢氧化钠试液制成每1ml中约含7mg的溶液，精密量取1ml，自“取1ml上清液”起，同法操作，测定吸收度，计算。
样品中肽分子量分布测定
1.材料
1.1试剂
乙睛，色谱纯；三氟乙酸，分析纯；水，超纯水；分子量校正曲线所用标准品:①细胞色素C(MwI2500)I；②抑肽酶(Mw6500)；③杆菌肽(MwI450)；④甘氨酸一甘氨酸一色氨酸一精氨酸(Mw451)；③甘氨酸一甘氨酸一甘氨酸(Mw189)。
1.2.分子量校正曲线
分别用流动相配制成质量分数为0.1％的上述不同分子量标准品溶液，用孔径0.22μm滤膜过滤后分别进样，得到系列标准品的色谱图。以相对分子量的对数(1gMw)对保留时间作图得到分子校正曲线及其方程。
1.3样品制备
用流动相配制成质量分数为0.2％的样品溶液，用孔径0.22μm滤膜过滤后进样。
1.4色谱条件
色谱柱:TSK gel G2000SWXL300mm x 7.8mm I流动相:乙睛:水:三氟乙酸＝10:90:0.1(体积比)，检测波长:UV 220nm，流速:0.5mL/min；柱温:30'C；进样体积:10μL。
1.5结果计算：计算分子量小于5000D的多肽所占的比例
实施例1-8
先将按上述表1中的量加第一次玉米粉、第一次小麦粉、植物蛋白粉、动物蛋白粉、蛋白酶加水调配均匀，加热至蛋白酶最适温度搅拌反应5-30min，如果是两种及两以上蛋白酶时，先加热到最适温度最低的蛋白酶最适温度反应上述表格中的时间，再加热到最适温度第二低的蛋白酶最适反应温度反应上述表格中的时间，以此类推直至所有的蛋白酶反应完毕，冷却到室温，加入其余的玉米粉、小麦粉调成面团，装入上述表格中的磨具，在上述表格中的焙烤温度下下烤制上述表格中的烤制时间，脱模既得一次性筷子、勺子、刀叉、餐盘、碗、盆、杯、食品包装盒。
表1原料的配方组分按重量计(单位g)：
实施例9-17
取实施例1～8制得的一次性餐具、包装盒，粉碎后加水混匀，用颗粒饲料机制粒，干燥，作为动物饲料，饲喂不同的模型动物自由采食，同时设置对照组，饲喂普通饲料，计算死亡率，结果如表2所示。
表2可食性餐具回收做动物饲料实施例

Claims (6)

1.一种多功能可食性材料，其特征在于其原料的配方组分按重量计为：
玉米粉 50-200份；
小麦粉 50-200份；
植物蛋白粉 1~20份；
动物蛋白粉 1~20份；
水 50~200份；
蛋白酶 1~3份；
羟丙基糯玉米淀粉 2~8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能可食性材料，其特征在于其中所述的蛋白酶为胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能可食性材料，其特征在于其中所述的植物蛋白粉为大豆饼粕粉、菜籽饼粕粉、大蒜粉、紫菜粉、葡萄籽蛋白粉、小麦胚芽蛋白粉、芝麻粕粉等所有植物来源蛋白粉中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能可食性材料，其特征在于其中所述的动物蛋白为动物血粉、乳粉、骨粉等所有动物来源蛋白粉中的一种或数种。
5.权利要求1所述的一种多功能可食性材料的制备方法，其特征在于按照下述步骤进行：先将10~20份玉米粉、10~20份小麦粉、植物蛋白粉、动物蛋白粉、蛋白酶加水调配均匀，加热至蛋白酶最适温度搅拌反应5~30min，如果是两种及两以上蛋白酶时，先加热到最适温度最低的蛋白酶最适温度反应5~30min，再加热到最适温度第二低的蛋白酶最适反应温度反应5~30min，以此类推直至所有的蛋白酶反应完毕，冷却到室温，加入其余的玉米粉、小麦粉调成面团，装入磨具，在130~180℃下烤制10~20min，脱模既得一次性筷子、勺子、刀叉、餐盘、碗、盆、杯，食品包装盒。
6. 权利要求1所述的一种多功能可食性材料的用途，其特征在于按照下述步骤进行：取一定量一次性餐具、包装盒，粉碎后加重量30~60%的水混匀，用颗粒饲料机制粒，粒度0.1~0.8mm，60~80℃ 干燥4~8h，制得动物饲料，可饲养禽类、哺乳类、水产类动物，降低动物死亡率。
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