CN107137624A - 六神曲的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种六神曲的制备方法,涉及药品制备技术领域,包括以下步骤:A,称取苦杏仁、赤小豆面粉和麦麸,混合均匀;B,称取鲜辣蓼、鲜青蒿、鲜苍耳草,煎煮两次,合并滤液,浓缩成浸膏,提取残渣与滤液分存备用;C,将步浸膏与苦杏仁、赤小豆、面粉等混合粉用搅拌机拌匀,得到湿粉;D,将湿粉均匀压制成坨块状,每块用纱布包裹,放置于密封空间中;E、将残渣均匀覆盖在垛表面,并在垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,发酵15‑24小时后,再次向垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,再发酵18‑24小时后,开启密封空间透气口;F、待检查坨块表面出现黄白色或灰白色霉衣时,即可取出切小块,干燥,得到六神曲,该方法制备时间短,所得六神曲医疗效果好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药品制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种六神曲的制备方法。背景技术
六神曲是由辣蓼、青蒿、苍耳草、赤小豆、苦杏仁、面粉及麦麸经发酵加工而成的加工品,是一种大宗常用的中药材。具健脾和胃,消食调中之功能。主要用于脾胃虚弱,饮食停滞,胸痞腹胀,呕吐泻痢,小儿食积等。
目前,中国药典对六神曲尚无收载,但卫生部有部颁标准以及各地的炮制规范皆有收录。其处方量和加工方法比较杂乱,但所使用的原料品种还是一致的。传统的加工方法是将鲜辣蓼、鲜青蒿、鲜苍耳草先煎煮提取,用其提取液浸膏与赤小豆、苦杏仁粗颗粒及麦麸 、面粉混合搅拌均匀,压制成坨,品字形叠放发酵。最传统经典的时间选择是农历的六月初六,因此时辣蓼、青蒿、苍耳草生长旺盛,便于取材,温度高、湿度大,加工发酵效果好,按业界讲更具“神气”。
就目前的六神曲行业生产加工情况来看,时令性选择不强,辣蓼、青蒿、苍耳草多用干品,发酵时间长,常温下需要5-7天,恒温恒湿情况下需要3-4天。发酵效果不佳,其酵香气淡薄或气味不正,甚或无酵香气,有的在发酵过程产生大量的黑斑菌丝,有的为了效率或者外观而缩短发酵时间,这样极大的影响了六神曲的医疗效果。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种六神曲的制备方法,该方法制备时间短,所得六神曲医疗效果好。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种六神曲的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A,称取苦杏仁、赤小豆粉碎至30-50目,并称取面粉和麦麸,混合均匀后备用;
B,称取鲜辣蓼、鲜青蒿、鲜苍耳草,加入2倍量的水煎煮1小时,滤过,残渣再加1倍量水煎煮1小时,过滤后与第一次滤液合并,浓缩成浸膏,提取残渣与滤液分存备用;
C,将步骤B所得的浸膏与苦杏仁、赤小豆、面粉等混合粉用搅拌机拌匀,达到手握成团,稍动即散的程度,得到湿粉;
D,将步骤C所得的湿粉均匀压制成坨块状,每块用纱布包裹,然后以品字形层层叠放成垛,放置于密封空间中,同层相邻的坨块间保留间隙;
E、将步骤B所得的残渣均匀覆盖在垛表面,并在垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,发酵15-24小时后,再次向垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,依然至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,再发酵18-24小时后,开启密封空间透气口,发酵期间保持温度30-38℃、湿度72-82%;
F、待检查坨块表面出现黄白色或灰白色霉衣时,即可取出切小块,干燥,得到成品六神曲。
进一步地,所述鲜辣蓼、鲜青蒿、鲜苍耳草的总重量与苦杏仁、赤小豆、面粉、麦麸的总重量之比为3-4:25。
进一步地,所述酒精的浓度在65%-80%之间。
进一步地,所述鲜辣蓼、鲜青蒿、鲜苍耳草之间的重量比为1:1:1。
进一步地,所述苦杏仁、赤小豆、面粉、麦麸之间的重量比为1:1:25:50。
进一步地,所述坨块的厚度为10-18mm。
进一步地,所述浸膏温度为50-70℃。
其中:酒精在酿造过程需使用酒曲,酒曲的主要成分就是酵母菌和淀粉霉菌,由淀粉霉菌将淀粉类物质糖化,继而转化成葡萄糖,再由酵母菌将葡萄糖分解成酒精,酒精中仍含有少量的酵母菌及活性酶,且其具有较强的渗透性,六神曲原料的主要成分仍为淀粉和油脂,可起到引子作用。
另外酒精可抑制或消杀黑斑菌等杂菌,使酒精中共生的酵母菌和淀粉霉菌起到主导作用,提高六神曲品质。
本发明的有益效果在于:利用酒精的促酶作用,有效激发酶曲的产生与生长,使曲坨块的每一个部位都能够发生产曲效应,使其均匀的产生菌丝,发酵更充分,加快了六神曲的发酵过程,缩短了生产周期,提高了生产效率;利用酒精的消毒作用,使其它杂菌不得生存,有效地保护了有益曲菌的繁殖与生长,因而避免了黑斑菌丝的出现,即使曲坨表面产生的曲斑,在去除纱布后则也分离出去,使成品曲表面相对洁净美观;由于纱布的包裹及辅料残渣的覆盖,有效的保护了其内在水分的蒸发流失,使其内外硬度保持一致,并且,由于坨块较小,发酵菌丝分布均匀,因而切制效果更好,不易产生粉末颗粒脱落,成品呈相对光洁的方块状,成品品相佳。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行说明。
实施例1
六神曲的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A,称取苦杏仁1kg、赤小豆1kg粉碎至30目,并称取面粉25kg和麦麸50kg,混合均匀后备用;
B,称取鲜辣蓼3kg、鲜青蒿3kg、鲜苍耳草3kg,加入2倍量的水煎煮1小时,滤过,残渣再加1倍量水煎煮1小时,过滤后与第一次滤液合并,浓缩成浸膏,提取残渣与滤液分存备用;
C,将步骤B所得的浸膏与苦杏仁、赤小豆、面粉等混合粉用搅拌机拌匀,达到手握成团,稍动即散的程度,得到湿粉,其中浸膏的温度在50-70℃;
D,将步骤C所得的湿粉均匀压制成坨块状,坨块的厚度为13mm,每块用纱布包裹,然后以品字形层层叠放成垛,放置于密封空间中,同层相邻的坨块间保留间隙;
E,将步骤B所得的残渣均匀覆盖在垛表面,并在垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,酒精的浓度为75%,至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,发酵18小时后,再向垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,依然至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,再发酵18小时后,开启密封空间透气口,发酵期间保持温度30-38℃、湿度72-82%;
F,待检查坨块表面出现黄白色或灰白色霉衣时,即可取出切小块,干燥,得到成品六神曲。
所得结果如附表1。
实施例2
六神曲的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A,称取苦杏仁1kg、赤小豆1kg粉碎至30目,并称取面粉25kg和麦麸50kg,混合均匀后备用;
B,称取鲜辣蓼3kg、鲜青蒿3kg、鲜苍耳草3kg,加入2倍量的水煎煮1小时,滤过,残渣再加1倍量水煎煮1小时,过滤后与第一次滤液合并,浓缩成浸膏,提取残渣与滤液分存备用;
C,将步骤B所得的浸膏与苦杏仁、赤小豆、面粉等混合粉用搅拌机拌匀,达到手握成团,稍动即散的程度,得到湿粉,其中浸膏的温度在50-70℃,拌匀后温度为25-40℃;
D,将步骤C所得的湿粉均匀压制成坨块状,坨块的厚度为12mm,每块用纱布包裹,然后以品字形层层叠放成垛,放置于密封空间中,同层相邻的坨块间保留间隙;
E,将步骤B所得的残渣均匀覆盖在垛表面,并在垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,酒精的浓度为65%,至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,发酵15小时后,再向垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,依然至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,再发酵18小时后,开启密封空间透气口,发酵期间保持温度30-38℃、湿度72-82%;
F,待检查坨块表面出现黄白色或灰白色霉衣时,即可取出切小块,干燥,得到成品六神曲。
所得结果如附表1。
实施例3
六神曲的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A,称取苦杏仁1kg、赤小豆1kg粉碎至30目,并称取面粉25kg和麦麸50kg,混合均匀后备用;
B,称取鲜辣蓼3kg、鲜青蒿3kg、鲜苍耳草3kg,加入2倍量的水煎煮1小时,滤过,残渣再加1倍量水煎煮1小时,过滤后与第一次滤液合并,浓缩成浸膏,提取残渣与滤液分存备用;
C,将步骤B所得的浸膏与苦杏仁、赤小豆、面粉等混合粉用搅拌机拌匀,达到手握成团,稍动即散的程度,得到湿粉,其中浸膏的温度在50-70℃;
D,将步骤C所得的湿粉均匀压制成坨块状,坨块的厚度为10mm,每块用纱布包裹,然后以品字形层层叠放成垛,放置于密封空间中,同层相邻的坨块间保留间隙;
E,将步骤B所得的残渣均匀覆盖在垛表面,并在垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,酒精的浓度为72%,至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,发酵20小时后,再向垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,依然至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,再发酵22小时后,开启密封空间透气口,发酵期间保持温度30-38℃、湿度72-82%;
F,待检查坨块表面出现黄白色或灰白色霉衣时,即可取出切小块,干燥,得到成品六神曲。
所得结果如附表1。
实施例4
六神曲的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A,称取苦杏仁1kg、赤小豆1kg粉碎至30目,并称取面粉25kg和麦麸50kg,混合均匀后备用;
B,称取鲜辣蓼3kg、鲜青蒿3kg、鲜苍耳草3kg,加入2倍量的水煎煮1小时,滤过,残渣再加1倍量水煎煮1小时,过滤后与第一次滤液合并,浓缩成浸膏,提取残渣与滤液分存备用;
C,将步骤B所得的浸膏与苦杏仁、赤小豆、面粉等混合粉用搅拌机拌匀,达到手握成团,稍动即散的程度,得到湿粉,其中浸膏的温度在50-70℃;
D,将步骤C所得的湿粉均匀压制成坨块状,坨块的厚度为18mm,每块用纱布包裹,然后以品字形层层叠放成垛,放置于密封空间中,同层相邻的坨块间保留间隙;
E,将步骤B所得的残渣均匀覆盖在垛表面,并在垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,酒精的浓度为77%,至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,发酵24小时后,再向垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,依然至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,再发酵18小时后,开启密封空间透气口,发酵期间保持温度30-38℃、湿度72-82%;
F,待检查坨块表面出现黄白色或灰白色霉衣时,即可取出切小块,干燥,得到成品六神曲。
所得结果如附表1。
经实施例1-4制得的六神曲,鼻闻酵香气味浓厚,清香怡人,陈腐气轻微;其色泽灰黄且均匀,有微孔且致密,团块结实而不松散。
附表1
发酵总时长/h | 颜色 | 蒸馍发泡时长/min | 小白鼠喂食实验 | |
实施例1 | 41 | 灰白 | 86 | 食量增加23% |
实施例2 | 39 | 黄白 | 87 | 食量增加25% |
实施例3 | 45 | 灰白 | 90 | 食量增加25% |
实施例4 | 48 | 灰白 | 93 | 食量增加24% |
对比例 | 120-168 | 灰 | 140-160 | 食量增加10-15% |
其中,对比例为普通六神曲效果;
蒸馍发泡时长:泡软和入面团后,置盆内,在常温25℃湿度70%的情况的发泡时长;
小白鼠喂食实验:以1:35的重量比混入六神曲,喂食两月龄小白鼠。
Claims (7)
1.一种六神曲的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A,称取苦杏仁、赤小豆粉碎至30-50目,并称取面粉和麦麸,混合均匀后备用;
B,称取鲜辣蓼、鲜青蒿、鲜苍耳草,加入2倍量的水煎煮1小时,滤过,残渣再加1倍量水煎煮1小时,过滤后与第一次滤液合并,浓缩成浸膏,提取残渣与滤液分存备用;
C,将步骤B所得的浸膏与苦杏仁、赤小豆、面粉等混合粉用搅拌机拌匀,达到手握成团,稍动即散的程度,得到湿粉;
D,将步骤C所得的湿粉均匀压制成坨块状,每块用纱布包裹,然后以品字形层层叠放成垛,放置于密封空间中,同层相邻的坨块间保留间隙;
E,将步骤B所得的残渣均匀覆盖在垛表面,并在垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,发酵15-24小时后,再次向垛表面及四周喷洒酒精,依然至密封空间中弥漫轻微的酒精气息,再发酵18-24小时后,开启密封空间透气口,发酵期间保持温度30-38℃、湿度72-82%;
F,待检查坨块表面出现黄白色或灰白色霉衣时,即可取出切小块,干燥,得到成品六神曲。
2.根据权利要求1所述的六神曲的制备方法,其特征在于:所述鲜辣蓼、鲜青蒿、鲜苍耳草的总重量与苦杏仁、赤小豆、面粉、麦麸的总重量之比为3-4:25。
3.根据权利要求1所述的六神曲的制备方法,其特征在于:所述酒精的浓度在65%-80%之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的六神曲的制备方法,其特征在于:所述鲜辣蓼、鲜青蒿、鲜苍耳草之间的重量比为1:1:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的六神曲的制备方法,其特征在于:所述苦杏仁、赤小豆、面粉、麦麸之间的重量比为1:1:25:50。
6.根据权利要求1所述的六神曲的制备方法,其特征在于:所述坨块的厚度为10-18mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的六神曲的制备方法,其特征在于:所述浸膏温度为50-70℃。
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