CN107136399A - 一种果味高纤谷物粉及其加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种果味高纤谷物粉及其加工方法。果味高纤谷物粉,其包括燕麦、浆果果汁、发酵乳和益生菌为原料获得的果汁发酵乳干燥粉与谷物粉,其中:谷物粉与果汁发酵乳干燥粉的质量比为4‑9:1。制备:将浆果冷榨果汁、发酵乳、燕麦加热煮沸处理后离心获得的燕麦上清液冻融固形物按20%‑30%:40%‑50%:20‑30%比例进行复配,然后添加益生菌均质后喷雾干燥得到果汁发酵乳干燥粉;大米和玉米煮熟后合并燕麦加热煮沸处理后获得的燕麦渣,经过反复冻融处理后干燥、粉碎得谷物粉;谷物粉与果汁发酵奶干燥粉复配。本产品富含抗性淀粉、益生菌、维生素C和花色苷,风味良好,营养丰富。
Description
技术领域
本发明属预制粉加工领域,具体涉及一种果味高纤谷物粉及其加工方法。
背景技术
浆果(berry)是一类肉质果实,其中果皮与内果皮一般难以区分,肉质多汁且较为发达,是天然抗氧化剂的良好资源。浆果的抗氧化活性主要归功于其中的酚类化合物,包括酚酸、单宁和黄酮类成分等。浆果维生素含量比一般水果高。草莓中VC含量为50~160mg,比西红柿高3倍~5倍。此外,浆果果实中挥发性物质是果实风味的主要构成成分,是决定浆果质量的重要成分之一。浆果中含有的挥发性成分以酯类、醇类、萜类等化合物为主。因此浆果日益受到人们的青睐,成为目前最具发展潜力的健康食品。
不合理的饮食结构如高蛋白、高脂肪、精制糖类等会引起很多消化性疾病,因此增加饮食中膳食纤维的含量对预防这些疾病具有重要意义据食品科学及营养协会最近的一项调查显示,世界范围内膳食纤维的摄入量都比推荐量低。淀粉是人类从饮食中获取能量的主要来源,对维持人体正常生命活动有着重要意义。抗性淀粉是指在小肠中不能被消化吸收,但2h后可到达结肠并被结肠中的微生物菌群发酵,继而发挥有益的生理作用的淀粉。因此,抗性淀粉被看作是膳食纤维的组成成分之一。抗性淀粉的热量值(8kJ·g-1)比快消化淀粉的热量值(15kJ·g-1)低很多,能够直接影响血糖反应。
谷物粉热加工后直接干燥冲调,容易消化造成餐后血糖指数上升;浆果由于其糖分含量高,整粒果冷冻干燥工艺较复杂,而且成本高,而采用喷雾干燥容易造成其风味、有效营养成分下降,产品功能活性丧失;益生菌在常规喷雾干燥加工过程中容易失活,降低其调节作用,产品的商业价值会大大降低。
发明内容:
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种风味良好、营养丰富的果味高纤谷物粉及其加工方法。
提供一种果味高纤谷物粉,其包括以燕麦、浆果果汁、发酵乳和益生菌为原料获得的果汁发酵乳干燥粉与谷物粉,其中:谷物粉与果汁发酵乳干燥粉的质量比为4-9:1。
按上述方案,所述果汁发酵乳干燥粉由浆果果汁、发酵乳、燕麦加热煮沸处理后离心获得的燕麦上清液反复冻融固形物按重量百分比计分别为20%-30%、40%-50%、20-30%进行复配,然后添加益生菌均质后喷雾干燥得到。
按上述方案,果汁发酵乳干燥粉制备过程中通过调整浆果冷榨果汁、发酵乳、燕麦加热煮沸处理后离心获得的燕麦上清液冻融固形物比例使pH值为4.00±0.05。
按上述方案,所述的浆果果汁是将浆果清洗后、打浆、加入0.5-1wt%果胶酶酶解30-60min得到。
按上述方案,所述的浆果清洗采用浓度为0.005-0.01g/kg稳定态二氧化氯对水果进行清洗,清洗后沥干备用。
按上述方案,所述的浆果选自糖酸比适宜的桑葚(糖酸比20-30)、草莓(3-5)、黑莓(2-4)中的一种或几种的混合。
按上述方案,所述的发酵乳为将牛奶发酵至pH至4.0-4.5之间的牛乳。具体可选择优质牛奶(蛋白质含量>3.5g/L),采用嗜热链球菌:保加利亚乳杆菌:双歧杆菌按菌数比为1:1:1的比例进行发酵,添加量为105cfu/g,在38-42℃发酵至pH至4.0-4.5之间。
按上述方案,所述的益生菌为乳酸杆菌:枯草芽孢杆菌:酪酸梭菌菌数比为1-3:1-3:1-5复配的复合益生菌。
按上述方案,所述益生菌的添加量为108cfu/g~1011cfu/g。
按上述方案,所述的谷物粉为将大米和玉米煮熟后合并燕麦加热煮沸处理后获得的燕麦渣,经过反复冻融处理后干燥、粉碎得到。
按上述方案,所述的谷物粉中玉米、大米和燕麦渣的质量比为1-2:1-2:3-5。
按上述方案,均质压力30-40Mpa,均质时间为20-40min。
按上述方案,喷雾干燥进风口温度100-130℃,出风口温度80-85℃。
按上述方案,燕麦煮沸处理为在燕麦粉中加入10-15倍质量的水,100±5℃加热60-120min。
按上述方案,所述的大米和玉米煮熟处理为将大米和玉米混合后,加入1.5-2.5倍质量的水,100±5℃加热60-120min。
按上述方案,所述的反复冻融处理为-18±2℃冷冻后解冻,如此反复冻融3-5次。
提供一种果味高纤谷物粉的加工方法,包括以下步骤:
将浆果冷榨果汁、发酵乳、燕麦加热煮沸处理后离心获得的燕麦上清液冻融固形物按20%-30%:40%-50%:20-30%比例进行复配,然后添加益生菌均质后喷雾干燥得到果汁发酵乳干燥粉;
大米和玉米煮熟后合并燕麦加热煮沸处理后获得的燕麦渣,经过反复冻融处理后干燥、粉碎得谷物粉;
谷物粉与果汁发酵奶干燥粉按质量比为4-9:1复配,即得到果味高纤谷物粉。
上述果味高纤谷物粉真空包装,贮藏温度在25℃下。
上述果味高纤谷物粉的食用方法:将复配后的谷物粉以不超过80℃的水冲调或直接使用即可。
本发明以燕麦、大米、玉米、果汁、发酵奶为原料,添加益生菌,经过粉碎、搅拌、预混合、包埋、冷冻干燥、复配等工艺制备的果味高纤谷物粉,富含抗性淀粉、益生菌、维生素C和花色苷,与现有谷物食品相比,本产品风味良好,营养丰富。具体地,以浆果果汁发酵乳和燕麦添加益生菌和果汁喷雾干燥制备果汁发酵乳干燥粉,发酵乳和燕麦中多糖作为微胶囊包埋壁材可有效保护果汁中的维生素C和花色苷的稳定性含量,使其含量保留50%以上;同时益生菌包埋后存活率达到35%以上;本发明的燕麦和谷物粉都通过冻融处理,抗性淀粉含量高,可达到15%以上,能有效降低餐后血糖指数;此外,产品经过熟制,可直接温水冲调饮用,其冲调性能、分散性更佳。
本发明涉及的谷物粉较现有的预制粉制品有以下优点:
发酵乳和燕麦和浆果果汁包埋益生菌,包埋后益生菌含量高,存活率可达到35%,并能有效保存维生素C和花色苷的活性,维生素C和花色苷的稳定性含量保留可达到50%以上,能有效保留产品的风味,具有较好的果味;抗性淀粉含量达到15%以上,能有效降低餐后血糖指数,与现有谷物食品相比,本产品风味良好,营养丰富;此外,产品经过熟制,可直接温水冲调饮用,其冲调性能、分散性更佳。
附图说明:
图1、本发明实施例1制作的产品GC-MS结果;
图2、本发明实施例2制作的产品GC-MS结果;
图3、本发明实施例3制作的产品GC-MS结果;
图4、本发明实施例1制作的产品微胶囊观察结果(放大400倍光学显微镜图);
图5、本发明实施例2制作的微胶囊观察结果(放大400倍光学显微镜图);
图6、本发明实施例3制作的微胶囊观察结果(放大400倍光学显微镜图)。
具体实施方式:
实施例1:
(1)冷榨汁:选择糖酸比适宜的草莓(3-5)进行加工,采用浓度为0.005g/kg稳定态二氧化氯对水果进行清洗,清洗后沥干,采用打浆机破碎打浆,加入0.75%果胶酶酶解45min后过滤后备用;
(2)发酵乳:选择优质牛奶(蛋白质含量>3.5g/L)进行发酵,采用嗜热链球菌:保加利亚乳杆菌:双歧杆菌按1:1:1的比例进行发酵,添加量为105cfu/g在38-42℃发酵至pH至4.0,停止发酵备用;
(3)燕麦处理:将燕麦粉碎后过40目筛,加入10倍质量的水,100℃加热120min后,采用三足式离心机得上清液,在-18℃冷冻22h后,解冻2h,反复冻融3次后离心取固形物备用,收集燕麦渣;
(4)益生菌包埋:将冷榨汁、发酵乳、燕麦上清液冻融固形物按30%:40%:30%比例进行复配,复配后体系pH值为4.00±0.05,按1011cfu/g添加益生菌(乳酸杆菌:枯草芽孢杆菌:酪酸梭菌比例为1:1:1)后采用40Mpa进行均质30min后进行喷雾干燥,进风口温度130℃,出风口温度85℃,收集喷雾干燥粉末;
(5)复配:将大米:玉米按1:1的比例混合后,加入2.5倍质量的水,100℃加热60min后,合并燕麦渣,大米:玉米:燕麦渣的比例为2:2:5,在-18℃冷冻22h后,解冻2h,反复冻融5次后,在55℃热风干燥后粉碎后过20目筛,与步骤(4)的喷雾干燥粉末按9:1的比例复配后混合均匀,真空包装,贮藏在25℃下。
(6)食用方法:将复配后的谷物粉以不超过80℃的水冲调或直接使用即可。
实施例1制作的产品微胶囊观察结果(放大400倍光学显微镜图)见图4,图4可见圆形、椭圆形微胶囊,包埋物呈红色。
实施例2:
(1)冷榨汁:选择糖酸比适宜的桑葚(糖酸比20-30)进行加工,采用浓度为0.01g/kg稳定态二氧化氯对水果进行清洗,清洗后沥干,采用打浆机破碎打浆,加入0.5%果胶酶酶解30min后过滤后备用;
(2)发酵乳:选择优质牛奶(蛋白质含量>3.5g/L)进行发酵,采用嗜热链球菌:保加利亚乳杆菌:双歧杆菌按1:1:1的比例进行发酵,添加量为105cfu/g在38-42℃发酵至pH至4.5,停止发酵备用;
(3)燕麦处理:将燕麦粉碎后过40目筛,加入15倍质量的水,100℃加热90min后,采用三足式离心机得上清液,在-18℃冷冻22h后,解冻2h,反复冻融5次后离心取固形物备用,收集燕麦渣;
(4)益生菌包埋:将冷榨汁、发酵乳、燕麦上清液冻融固形物按20%:50%:30%比例进行复配,复配后体系pH值为4.00±0.05,按1011cfu/g添加益生菌(乳酸杆菌:枯草芽孢杆菌:酪酸梭菌比例为3:3:5)后采用30Mpa进行均质35min后进行喷雾干燥,进风口温度120℃,出风口温度80℃,收集喷雾干燥粉末;
(5)复配:将大米:玉米按1:1的比例混合后,加入2倍质量的水,100℃加热60min后,合并燕麦渣,大米:玉米:燕麦渣的比例为1:1:3,在-18℃冷冻22h后,解冻2h,反复冻融3次后,在65℃热风干燥后粉碎后过20目筛,与喷雾干燥粉末按5:1的比例复配后混合均匀,真空包装,贮藏在25℃下。
(6)食用方法:将复配后的谷物粉以不超过80℃的水冲调或直接使用即可。
实施例2制作的产品微胶囊观察结果(放大400倍光学显微镜图)见图5,图5可见圆形、椭圆形微胶囊,包埋物呈紫灰色。
实施例3
(1)冷榨汁:选择糖酸比适宜的黑莓(2-4)进行加工,采用浓度为0.005g/kg稳定态二氧化氯对水果进行清洗,清洗后沥干,采用打浆机破碎打浆,加入1%果胶酶酶解60min后过滤后备用;
(2)发酵乳:选择优质牛奶(蛋白质含量>3.5g/L)进行发酵,采用嗜热链球菌:保加利亚乳杆菌:双歧杆菌按1:1:1的比例进行发酵,添加量为105cfu/g在38-42℃发酵至pH至4.2,停止发酵备用;
(3)燕麦处理:将燕麦粉碎后过40目筛,加入12倍质量的水,100℃加热60min后,采用三足式离心机得上清液,在-18℃冷冻22h后,解冻2h,反复冻融4次后离心取固形物备用,收集燕麦渣;
(4)益生菌包埋:将冷榨汁、发酵乳、燕麦上清液冻融固形物按30%:45%:25%比例进行复配,复配后体系pH值为4.00±0.05,按1011cfu/g添加益生菌(乳酸杆菌:枯草芽孢杆菌:酪酸梭菌比例为2:2:3)后采用40Mpa进行均质30min后进行喷雾干燥,进风口温度130℃,出风口温度85℃,收集喷雾干燥粉末;
(5)复配:将大米:玉米按1:1的比例混合后,加入1.5倍质量的水,100℃加热60min后,合并燕麦渣,大米:玉米:燕麦渣的比例为1:1:4,在-18℃冷冻22h后,解冻2h,反复冻融5次后,在60℃热风干燥后粉碎后过20目筛,与喷雾干燥粉末按4:1的比例复配后混合均匀,真空包装,贮藏在25℃下。
(6)食用方法:将复配后的谷物粉以不超过80℃的水冲调或直接使用即可。
实施例3制作的产品微胶囊观察结果(放大400倍光学显微镜图)见图6,图6可见圆形、椭圆形微胶囊,包埋物呈黑黄色。
表1、本发明实施例制作的营养物质和益生菌活性的结果
Claims (10)
1.一种果味高纤谷物粉,其特征在于:包括以燕麦、浆果果汁、发酵乳和益生菌为原料获得的果汁发酵乳干燥粉与谷物粉,其中:谷物粉与果汁发酵乳干燥粉的质量比为4-9:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的果味高纤谷物粉,其特征在于:所述果汁发酵乳干燥粉由浆果果汁、发酵乳、燕麦加热煮沸处理后离心获得的燕麦上清液冻融固形物按重量百分比计分别为20%-30%、40%-50%、20-30%进行复配,然后添加益生菌均质后喷雾干燥得到。
3.根据权利要求1所述的果味高纤谷物粉,其特征在于:所述的浆果果汁是将浆果清洗后、打浆、加入0.5-1wt%果胶酶酶解30-60min得到;
所述的浆果选自糖酸比适宜的桑葚、草莓、黑莓中的一种或几种的混合;
所述的发酵乳为将牛奶发酵至pH至4.0-4.5之间的牛乳。
4.根据权利要求1所述的果味高纤谷物粉,其特征在于:所述的益生菌为乳酸杆菌:枯草芽孢杆菌:酪酸梭菌菌数比为1-3:1-3:1-5复配的复合益生菌;所述益生菌的添加量为108cfu/g~1011cfu/g。
5.根据权利要求1所述的果味高纤谷物粉,其特征在于:所述的谷物粉为将大米和玉米煮熟后合并燕麦加热煮沸处理后获得的燕麦渣,经过反复冻融处理后干燥、粉碎得到;
所述的谷物粉中玉米、大米和燕麦渣的质量比为1-2:1-2:3-5。
6.根据权利要求5所述的果味高纤谷物粉,其特征在于:所述的大米和玉米煮熟处理为将大米和玉米混合后,加入1.5-2.5倍质量的水,100±5℃加热60-120min。
7.根据权利要求2所述的果味高纤谷物粉,其特征在于:果汁发酵乳干燥粉制备过程中通过调整浆果冷榨果汁、发酵乳、燕麦加热煮沸处理后离心获得的燕麦上清液冻融固形物比例使pH值为4.00±0.05。
8.根据权利要求2所述的果味高纤谷物粉,其特征在于:均质压力30-40Mpa,均质时间为20-40min;喷雾干燥进风口温度100-130℃,出风口温度80-85℃。
9.根据权利要求2所述的果味高纤谷物粉,其特征在于:燕麦煮沸处理为在燕麦粉中加入10-15倍质量的水,100±5℃加热60-120min,燕麦上清液冻融固形物是将燕麦反复冻融处理得到。
10.权利要求1所述的果味高纤谷物粉的加工方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
将浆果冷榨果汁、发酵乳、燕麦加热煮沸处理后离心获得的燕麦上清液冻融固形物按20%-30%:40%-50%:20-30%比例进行复配,然后添加益生菌均质后喷雾干燥得到果汁发酵乳干燥粉;
大米和玉米煮熟后合并燕麦加热煮沸处理后获得的燕麦渣,经过反复冻融处理后干燥、粉碎得谷物粉;
谷物粉与果汁发酵奶干燥粉按质量比为4-9:1复配,即得到果味高纤谷物粉。
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