CN107094495B - Production method and device for one-step molding of fungus blanks - Google Patents
Production method and device for one-step molding of fungus blanks Download PDFInfo
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- CN107094495B CN107094495B CN201710307948.5A CN201710307948A CN107094495B CN 107094495 B CN107094495 B CN 107094495B CN 201710307948 A CN201710307948 A CN 201710307948A CN 107094495 B CN107094495 B CN 107094495B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom processing devices, and discloses a method and a device for producing a once-formed mushroom blank; the method comprises the steps of crushing, softening, temporary storage, inoculation and fungus blank preparation by a crusher, a softening device, a mixing, temporary storage and cooling device, a liquid strain inoculation device, a fungus blank forming and laminating device, an induced draft fan and a material conveyor; the device for forming the fungus blanks at one time can move integrated production equipment to the field, and the straws are made into the fungus blanks at one time, so that the repeated labor of straw transportation, crushing, fermentation, pile turning, fungus inoculation, packaging and the like is reduced; the liquid strain technology is adopted to propagate a large amount of mycelia in a short time, and the target strain, the ligninase and the cellulase can act together at a certain temperature and humidity after being sprayed, so that the straws are effectively and stably rapidly decomposed; the device effectively promotes the development of agricultural circular economy, pulls rural related industries to develop towards high-efficiency agriculture, and promotes the cyclic utilization of forestry wastes.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus processing devices, in particular to a method and a device for producing a once-formed fungus blank.
Background art:
in rural areas of China, about 7 hundred million tons of crop straws are used every year, wherein a small part of the crop straws are used as deep processing raw materials and livestock feeds, most of the crop straws are used as fuels to be burnt, some of the crop straws are directly burnt or thrown away in farmlands, and a large amount of bushes and branches are naturally rotten under forests in forestry and are not reasonably utilized; many national departments always guide farmers to fully utilize agricultural wastes and increase economic income, but because the treatment of the agricultural wastes in a traditional way consumes a great amount of manpower and material resources, the farmers still see the wastes as the wastes until now and do not have confidence in effectively utilizing the wastes.
The inherent biomass energy of crop straws has been highly regarded as green energy at home and abroad, but a plurality of technical bottlenecks exist in the processes of solidification, liquefaction, gasification and the like, such as large equipment investment, high energy consumption, high additive cost and the like; the fungus bag is prepared by inoculating a strain into a bagged culture medium implant material, and then performing greenhouse culture and temperature control culture; when the edible fungi are produced, the edible fungi can grow as long as specific temperature, humidity and water in the fungus bags are kept;
the raw materials for various mushrooms are different, and the formulas are also different; the temperature is higher in 8 months in the north, high-temperature oyster mushrooms are planted, the oyster mushrooms in early autumn can be planted in 9 and 10 months, fungus bags are made, and the oyster mushrooms are divided into raw materials, fermentation materials and clinker; the material and the fermentation material are packaged while strains are put, and the clinker is inoculated after being sterilized; the general fungus bag preparation method comprises the following steps:
① proportioning raw materials, mixing, packaging, inoculating and culturing
② (fermentation material) batching, mixing, stacking and fermenting, turning over, stacking and fermenting, humidifying, cooling, packaging and inoculating, culturing
③ (clinker) batching, mixing, packaging, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating and culturing.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the problems and provide a method and a device for producing a one-step formed bacterial blank, which can finish water adding, compression, inoculation, bundling and film covering by utilizing a liquid strain technology after simple modification.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose of the invention: a device for forming a fungus blank in one step comprises a crusher 1, a softening device 2, a mixing, temporary storage and cooling device 3, a liquid strain inoculation device 4, a fungus blank forming and film covering device 5, an induced draft fan 6 and a material conveyer 7; softening installation 2 is installed on rubbing crusher 1 right side through draught fan 6, mixes cooling device 3, liquid bacterial inoculation device 4, fungus base shaping tectorial membrane device 5 of keeping in and connects the installation from a left side to the right side through material transport 7 respectively in proper order.
The invention is provided with a crusher 1 for realizing one-time chopping of crop straws; the device consists of a primary crushing part 1-1 and a secondary crushing part 1-2; the primary crushing part 1-1 is arranged at the top of the secondary crushing part 1-2; the primary crushing part 1-1 consists of a feed hopper 1-1-1, a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-1-2, a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-1-3 and a primary crushing part frame 1-1-4, the feed hopper 1-1-1 is installed at the top of the primary crushing part frame 1-1-4, and the primary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-1-2 and the primary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-1-3 are installed inside the primary crushing part frame 1-1-4 in parallel through a primary crushing part bearing seat 1-1-4-1; the secondary crushing part 1-2 consists of a secondary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-2-1, a secondary crushing part rack 1-2-2 and a secondary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-2-3, and the secondary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-2-1 and the secondary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-2-3 are arranged inside the secondary crushing part rack 1-2-2 in parallel through a secondary crushing part bearing seat 1-2-2-1.
The primary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-1-2 and the primary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-1-3 are arranged, and a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel transmission gear 1-1-2-1, a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel crushing tooth 1-1-2-2 and a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel central shaft 1-1-2-3 are arranged on the primary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-1-2-2; a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel belt wheel 1-1-3-1, a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel crushing tooth 1-1-3-2 and a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel transmission gear 1-1-3-3 are arranged on the primary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-1-3-3; the driven crushing wheel 1-1-2 of the primary crushing part and the driving crushing wheel 1-1-3 of the primary crushing part realize transmission through the driving gear 1-1-2-1 of the driven crushing wheel of the primary crushing part and the driving crushing wheel driving gear 1-1-3-3 of the primary crushing part, and meanwhile, the driven crushing wheel 1-1-2 of the primary crushing part and the driving crushing wheel 1-1-3 of the primary crushing part are opposite in rotation direction, so that the primary crushing effect of the straw is better.
The driven crushing wheel 1-2-1 of the secondary crushing part and the driving crushing wheel 1-2-3 of the secondary crushing part are arranged, and a transmission gear 1-2-1-1 of the driven crushing wheel of the secondary crushing part, crushing teeth 1-2-1-2 of the driven crushing wheel of the secondary crushing part and a central shaft 1-2-1-3 of the driven crushing wheel of the secondary crushing part are arranged on the driven crushing wheel 1-2-1 of the secondary crushing part; a belt pulley 1-2-3-1 of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part, crushing teeth 1-2-3-2 of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part and a transmission gear 1-2-3-3 of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part are arranged on the driving crushing wheel 1-2-3 of the second-stage crushing part; the driven crushing wheel 1-2-1 of the second-stage crushing part and the driving crushing wheel 1-2-3 of the second-stage crushing part realize transmission through the driving gear 1-2-1-1 of the driven crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part and the driving gear 1-2-3-3 of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part, so that the driven crushing wheel 1-2-1 of the second-stage crushing part and the driving crushing wheel 1-2-3 of the second-stage crushing part rotate in opposite directions, and meanwhile, the crushing teeth 1-2-1-2 of the driven crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part and the crushing teeth 1-2-3-2 of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part are meshed with each other to enable the secondarily crushed straws to.
The crushing teeth 1-2-1-2 of the driven crushing wheel of the secondary crushing part and the crushing teeth 1-2-3-2 of the driving crushing wheel of the secondary crushing part are denser than the crushing teeth 1-1-3-2 of the driving crushing wheel of the primary crushing part and the crushing teeth 1-1-2-2 of the driven crushing wheel of the primary crushing part.
In order to facilitate automatic selection of straw powder meeting the specification, the straw powder enters a temporary crushed material storage cavity 1-2-2-4, and a filter screen 1-2-2-5 is arranged; the filter screen 1-2-2-5 is arranged at the bottom of the secondary crushing cavity 1-2-2-3, and the filter screen 1-2-2-5 is a 5mm hole screen.
The invention is provided with a softening device 2 for softening the crushed material; a thermometer 2-1, a draught fan connecting pipe 2-2, a pressure gauge 2-3, an intelligent controller 2-4, a softening device lower connecting pipe 2-5, a pressure device 2-6, an air heater 2-7 and an external connecting pipe 2-8 are arranged on the air conditioner; the thermometer 2-1, the pressure gauge 2-3 and the external connecting pipe 2-8 are arranged at the top of the softening device 2; the draught fan connecting pipe 2-2 is arranged at the upper part of the left side of the softening device 2; the intelligent controller 2-4 is arranged in the middle of the front side of the softening device 2; the lower connecting pipe 2-5 of the softening device is arranged at the lower part of the softening device 2; the pressurizing device 2-6 and the hot air blower 2-7 are arranged at the rear part of the softening device 2.
The mixing temporary storage cooling device 3 of the invention is to place the crushed material processed by the softening device 2 in the mixing temporary storage cooling device 3 for cooling so as to facilitate the subsequent inoculation of liquid strains.
In order to adopt the liquid spawn technology to breed a large number of mycelia in a short time, the invention is provided with a liquid spawn inoculation device 4; the device consists of a water pump 4-1, a liquid strain premixing device 4-2, a liquid strain inoculation chamber 4-3 and a liquid strain storage tank 4-4; the water pump 4-1 is arranged between the liquid strain premixing device 4-2 and the liquid strain storage tank 4-4; the liquid strain premixing device 4-2 is arranged at the rear part of the liquid strain inoculation chamber 4-3.
In order to realize the full mixing inoculation of the liquid strains and the crushed materials, the invention is provided with a liquid strain inoculation chamber 4-3; the liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel is characterized by comprising a liquid strain inoculation chamber frame 4-3-1 and a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel 4-3-2, wherein the liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel 4-3-2 is arranged on the lower side inside the liquid strain inoculation chamber frame 4-3-1 through a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel bearing seat 4-3-1-5; a liquid strain inoculation chamber upper connecting pipe 4-3-1-1, a liquid strain inoculation chamber lower connecting pipe 4-3-1-2, a water content display table 4-3-1-3, a liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe I4-3-1-4, a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel bearing seat 4-3-1-5, a thermometer 2-1 and an external connecting pipe 2-8 are arranged on the liquid strain inoculation chamber frame 4-3-1-1; the water content display table 4-3-1-3, the thermometer 2-1 and the external connecting pipe 2-8 are arranged on the top of the liquid strain inoculation chamber frame 4-3-1; the upper connecting pipe 4-3-1-1 of the liquid strain inoculation chamber is arranged on the left side of the upper part of the frame 4-3-1 of the liquid strain inoculation chamber; the liquid strain inoculation room lower connecting pipe 4-3-1-2 is arranged at the lower part of the liquid strain inoculation room frame 4-3-1; a liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe I4-3-1-4 is arranged at the upper part of the rear side of the liquid strain inoculation chamber frame 4-3-1; the liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel 4-3-2 consists of a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel stirring strip 4-3-2-1 and a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel central shaft 4-3-2-2; the stirring strips 4-3-2-1 of the stirring wheel of the liquid strain inoculation chamber are uniformly arranged on the central shaft 4-3-2-2 of the stirring wheel of the liquid strain inoculation chamber.
In order to realize the premixing of various liquid strains, the invention is provided with a liquid strain premixing device 4-2; the liquid strain premixing device is composed of a confluence premixing pipe 4-2-1, a liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe II 4-2-2, a shunt premixing pipe 4-2-3 and a liquid strain premixing device external connecting pipe 4-2-4; a plurality of shunting premixing pipes 4-2-3 are uniformly connected to the confluence premixing pipe 4-2-1; the liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe II 4-2-2 is connected to the other end of the confluence premixing pipe 4-2-1; the external pipe 4-2-4 of the liquid strain premixing device is arranged at one end and is used for communicating with other liquid strain storage tanks 4-4.
In order to realize the forming and blank making of the crushed material, the invention is provided with a fungus blank forming and film coating device 5; the device consists of a spiral extruder 5-1, a fungus blank molding and film coating device frame 5-2 and a film coating machine 5-3; the spiral extruder 5-1 and the film laminating machine 5-3 are arranged on the top of the frame 5-2 of the fungus blank molding and film laminating device, and the film laminating machine 5-3 is arranged on the right side of the spiral extruder 5-1.
The device for forming the fungus blanks at one time can be arranged on mobile equipment (such as a truck) and moved to the field, the straws are made into the fungus blanks at one time, the repeated labor of straw transportation, crushing, fermentation, turning, fungus inoculation, packaging and the like is reduced, and the device has the advantages of fresh raw materials, few mixed fungus bases and high product quality because the raw materials are not repeatedly transported and stored for a long time.
① A method for producing one-step shaped fungus blank comprises pulverizing crop straw in pulverizer 1, sieving with 5mm sieve, and storing in temporary storage chamber 1-2-2-4;
② softening, namely introducing the crushed materials which are crushed in the previous step and stored in a temporary storage cavity 1-2-2-4 of the crushed materials into a softening device 2 through an induced draft fan 6, then sealing the softening device 2, pressurizing through a pressurizing device 2-6, heating through an air heater 2-7, adding quicklime water into an external pipe 2-8, heating the crushed materials in the softening device 2 to 100 ℃, adding 5 kilograms of pressure per square centimeter, adding a proper amount of 1-1.5 percent of quicklime water, monitoring the temperature through a thermometer 2-1 and the pressure through a pressure gauge 2-3, and intelligently controlling the softening reaction for 10-15 minutes through an intelligent controller 2-4;
③ temporary storage, namely, the crushed material after the softening reaction is conveyed into the mixing temporary storage cooling device 3 by the material conveyor 7 for temporary storage and cooling for the next operation;
④ inoculating, namely conveying the crushed material from the mixing, temporary storage and cooling device 3 into a liquid strain inoculation chamber 4-3 through a material conveyer 7, premixing the liquid strain through a liquid strain premixing device 4-2 under the action of a water pump 4-1, injecting the liquid strain inoculation chamber 4-3 into the liquid strain inoculation chamber to mix with the crushed material, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture under the action of a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel 4-3-2, wherein the water content display table 4-3-1-3 shows the water content of the crushed material and the liquid strain after mixing, such as insufficient water content, and the water can be supplemented through an external pipe 2-8;
⑤ preparing fungus blank, namely performing spiral extrusion molding and subsequent film coating operation on the mixture of the crushed material and the liquid strain by using a fungus blank molding and film coating device 5.
The production method and the device for the one-step molding fungus billets can move integrated production equipment to the field, the straws are made into the fungus billets at one time, the repeated labor of straw transportation, crushing, fermentation, pile turning, inoculation, packaging and the like is reduced, the raw materials are fresh, the base number of mixed fungi is low, the product quality is high, the production is completed in a closed tunnel, and the method and the device are safe and reliable; in the blank making process, a liquid strain technology is adopted to propagate a large amount of mycelia in a short time, and after spraying, the target strain, the ligninase and the cellulase can act together at a certain temperature and humidity state, so that the straws are effectively and stably and quickly decomposed; by further improving the automation of the equipment, the pollution rate of raw materials can be reduced, and the labor cost is reduced; compared with the traditional situation, the method can produce excellent mycelium which is uniform and has high purity and can produce mushroom, beverage, fertilizer and other products; the production line can be used for producing a large amount of leavening agents for treating residues such as the calabash straws, the bean straws, the corn straws, the corncobs, the sunflower discs and the like, so that the residues are changed into feed with good palatability and fertilizer with high nitrogen content in a short time, the development of agricultural circular economy is effectively promoted, and the development of rural related industries to high-efficiency agriculture is pulled; promoting the recycling of forestry wastes.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the present invention 1 and 2.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the present invention 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention label 1-1.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention 1-1.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention reference numerals 1-1-4.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention reference numerals 1-1-3.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention label 1-1-2.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention reference numeral 1-2.
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention 1-2.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention label 1-2-2.
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention 1-2-2.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention reference numerals 1-2-3.
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of the present invention label 1-2-1.
Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention label 2.
Fig. 16 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the present invention numerals 4 and 5.
FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the invention at 4-3.
FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of the present invention label 4-3-1.
FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of the present invention label 4-3-2.
FIG. 20 is a schematic structural view of the present invention numeral 4-2.
Fig. 21 is a schematic plan view of the present invention integrated on a mobile device.
Reference numerals: a pulverizer 1, a softening device 2, a mixing temporary storage cooling device 3, a liquid strain inoculation device 4, a fungus blank forming and film covering device 5, an induced draft fan 6, a material conveyer 7, a primary crushing part 1-1, a secondary crushing part 1-2, a feed hopper 1-1-1, a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-1-2, a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-1-3, a primary crushing part frame 1-1-4, a primary crushing part bearing block 1-1-4-1, a secondary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-2-1, a secondary crushing part frame 1-2-2, a secondary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-2-3, a secondary crushing part bearing block 1-2-2-1, a secondary crushing part induced draft fan connecting pipe 1-2-2-2, A primary crushing part driven crushing wheel transmission gear 1-1-2-1, a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel crushing tooth 1-1-2-2, a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel central shaft 1-1-2-3, a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel belt pulley 1-1-3-1, a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel crushing tooth 1-1-3-2, a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel transmission gear 1-1-3-3, a secondary crushing part driven crushing wheel transmission gear 1-2-1-1, a secondary crushing part driven crushing wheel crushing tooth 1-2-1-2, a secondary crushing part driven crushing wheel central shaft 1-2-1-3, a secondary crushing part driving crushing wheel belt pulley 1-2-3-1, 1-2-3-2 parts of two-stage crushing part active crushing wheel crushing teeth, 1-2-3-3 parts of two-stage crushing part active crushing wheel transmission gears, 1-2-2-4 parts of temporary crushed material storage cavities, 1-2-2-5 parts of filter screens, 2-1 parts of thermometers, 2-2 parts of draught fan connecting pipes, 2-3 parts of pressure gauges, 2-4 parts of intelligent controllers, 2-5 parts of softening device lower connecting pipes, 2-6 parts of pressurizing devices, 2-7 parts of hot air blowers, 2-8 parts of external connecting pipes, 4-1 parts of water pumps, 4-2 parts of liquid strain premixing devices, 4-3 parts of liquid strain inoculation chambers, 4-4 parts of liquid strain storage tanks, 4-3-1 parts of liquid strain inoculation chamber frames, 4-3-2 parts of liquid strain inoculation stirring chambers, 4, 4-3-1-5 parts of a liquid strain inoculation room stirring wheel bearing seat, 4-3-1-1 parts of a liquid strain inoculation room upper connecting pipe, 4-3-1-2 parts of a liquid strain inoculation room lower connecting pipe, 4-3-1-3 parts of a water content display table, 4-3-1-4 parts of a liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe, 4-3-1-5 parts of a liquid strain inoculation room stirring wheel bearing seat, 2-1 parts of a thermometer, 2-8 parts of an external connecting pipe, 4-3-2-1 parts of a liquid strain inoculation room stirring wheel stirring bar, 4-3-2-2 parts of a liquid strain inoculation room stirring wheel central shaft, 4-2-1 parts of a confluence pipe, 4-2-2 parts of a liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe, 2-4 parts of a liquid strain premixing device, 4-2-3 parts of a shunting premixing pipe, 4-2-4 parts of a liquid strain premixing device external pipe, 5-1 parts of a spiral extruder, 5-2 parts of a fungus blank molding and film coating device rack and 5-3 parts of a film coating machine.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1:
the invention and the attached drawings show that the device for forming the bacterial blanks at one time comprises a crusher 1, a softening device 2, a mixing, temporary storage and cooling device 3, a liquid strain inoculation device 4, a bacterial blank forming and film coating device 5, a draught fan 6 and a material conveyer 7; softening installation 2 is installed on rubbing crusher 1 right side through draught fan 6, mixes cooling device 3, liquid bacterial inoculation device 4, fungus base shaping tectorial membrane device 5 of keeping in and connects the installation from a left side to the right side through material transport 7 respectively in proper order.
The invention is provided with a crusher 1 for realizing one-time chopping of crop straws; the device consists of a primary crushing part 1-1 and a secondary crushing part 1-2; the primary crushing part 1-1 is arranged at the top of the secondary crushing part 1-2; the primary crushing part 1-1 consists of a feed hopper 1-1-1, a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-1-2, a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-1-3 and a primary crushing part frame 1-1-4, the feed hopper 1-1-1 is installed at the top of the primary crushing part frame 1-1-4, and the primary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-1-2 and the primary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-1-3 are installed inside the primary crushing part frame 1-1-4 in parallel through a primary crushing part bearing seat 1-1-4-1; the secondary crushing part 1-2 consists of a secondary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-2-1, a secondary crushing part rack 1-2-2 and a secondary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-2-3, and the secondary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-2-1 and the secondary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-2-3 are arranged inside the secondary crushing part rack 1-2-2 in parallel through a secondary crushing part bearing seat 1-2-2-1.
The primary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-1-2 and the primary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-1-3 are arranged, and a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel transmission gear 1-1-2-1, a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel crushing tooth 1-1-2-2 and a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel central shaft 1-1-2-3 are arranged on the primary crushing part driven crushing wheel 1-1-2-2; a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel belt wheel 1-1-3-1, a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel crushing tooth 1-1-3-2 and a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel transmission gear 1-1-3-3 are arranged on the primary crushing part driving crushing wheel 1-1-3-3; the driven crushing wheel 1-1-2 of the primary crushing part and the driving crushing wheel 1-1-3 of the primary crushing part realize transmission through the driving gear 1-1-2-1 of the driven crushing wheel of the primary crushing part and the driving crushing wheel driving gear 1-1-3-3 of the primary crushing part, and meanwhile, the driven crushing wheel 1-1-2 of the primary crushing part and the driving crushing wheel 1-1-3 of the primary crushing part are opposite in rotation direction, so that the primary crushing effect of the straw is better.
The driven crushing wheel 1-2-1 of the secondary crushing part and the driving crushing wheel 1-2-3 of the secondary crushing part are arranged, and a transmission gear 1-2-1-1 of the driven crushing wheel of the secondary crushing part, crushing teeth 1-2-1-2 of the driven crushing wheel of the secondary crushing part and a central shaft 1-2-1-3 of the driven crushing wheel of the secondary crushing part are arranged on the driven crushing wheel 1-2-1 of the secondary crushing part; a belt pulley 1-2-3-1 of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part, crushing teeth 1-2-3-2 of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part and a transmission gear 1-2-3-3 of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part are arranged on the driving crushing wheel 1-2-3 of the second-stage crushing part; the driven crushing wheel 1-2-1 of the second-stage crushing part and the driving crushing wheel 1-2-3 of the second-stage crushing part realize transmission through the driving gear 1-2-1-1 of the driven crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part and the driving gear 1-2-3-3 of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part, so that the driven crushing wheel 1-2-1 of the second-stage crushing part and the driving crushing wheel 1-2-3 of the second-stage crushing part rotate in opposite directions, and meanwhile, the crushing teeth 1-2-1-2 of the driven crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part and the crushing teeth 1-2-3-2 of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part are meshed with each other to enable the secondarily crushed straws to.
The crushing teeth 1-2-1-2 of the driven crushing wheel of the secondary crushing part and the crushing teeth 1-2-3-2 of the driving crushing wheel of the secondary crushing part are denser than the crushing teeth 1-1-3-2 of the driving crushing wheel of the primary crushing part and the crushing teeth 1-1-2-2 of the driven crushing wheel of the primary crushing part.
In order to facilitate automatic selection of straw powder meeting the specification, the straw powder enters a temporary crushed material storage cavity 1-2-2-4, and a filter screen 1-2-2-5 is arranged; the filter screen 1-2-2-5 is arranged at the bottom of the secondary crushing cavity 1-2-2-3, and the filter screen 1-2-2-5 is a 5mm hole screen.
The invention is provided with a softening device 2 for softening the crushed material; a thermometer 2-1, a draught fan connecting pipe 2-2, a pressure gauge 2-3, an intelligent controller 2-4, a softening device lower connecting pipe 2-5, a pressure device 2-6, an air heater 2-7 and an external connecting pipe 2-8 are arranged on the air conditioner; the thermometer 2-1, the pressure gauge 2-3 and the external connecting pipe 2-8 are arranged at the top of the softening device 2; the draught fan connecting pipe 2-2 is arranged at the upper part of the left side of the softening device 2; the intelligent controller 2-4 is arranged in the middle of the front side of the softening device 2; the lower connecting pipe 2-5 of the softening device is arranged at the lower part of the softening device 2; the pressurizing device 2-6 and the hot air blower 2-7 are arranged at the rear part of the softening device 2.
The mixing temporary storage cooling device 3 of the invention is to place the crushed material processed by the softening device 2 in the mixing temporary storage cooling device 3 for cooling so as to facilitate the subsequent inoculation of liquid strains.
In order to adopt the liquid spawn technology to breed a large number of mycelia in a short time, the invention is provided with a liquid spawn inoculation device 4; the device consists of a water pump 4-1, a liquid strain premixing device 4-2, a liquid strain inoculation chamber 4-3 and a liquid strain storage tank 4-4; the water pump 4-1 is arranged between the liquid strain premixing device 4-2 and the liquid strain storage tank 4-4; the liquid strain premixing device 4-2 is arranged at the rear part of the liquid strain inoculation chamber 4-3.
In order to realize the full mixing inoculation of the liquid strains and the crushed materials, the invention is provided with a liquid strain inoculation chamber 4-3; the liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel is characterized by comprising a liquid strain inoculation chamber frame 4-3-1 and a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel 4-3-2, wherein the liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel 4-3-2 is arranged on the lower side inside the liquid strain inoculation chamber frame 4-3-1 through a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel bearing seat 4-3-1-5; a liquid strain inoculation chamber upper connecting pipe 4-3-1-1, a liquid strain inoculation chamber lower connecting pipe 4-3-1-2, a water content display table 4-3-1-3, a liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe I4-3-1-4, a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel bearing seat 4-3-1-5, a thermometer 2-1 and an external connecting pipe 2-8 are arranged on the liquid strain inoculation chamber frame 4-3-1-1; the water content display table 4-3-1-3, the thermometer 2-1 and the external connecting pipe 2-8 are arranged on the top of the liquid strain inoculation chamber frame 4-3-1; the upper connecting pipe 4-3-1-1 of the liquid strain inoculation chamber is arranged on the left side of the upper part of the frame 4-3-1 of the liquid strain inoculation chamber; the liquid strain inoculation room lower connecting pipe 4-3-1-2 is arranged at the lower part of the liquid strain inoculation room frame 4-3-1; a liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe I4-3-1-4 is arranged at the upper part of the rear side of the liquid strain inoculation chamber frame 4-3-1; the liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel 4-3-2 consists of a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel stirring strip 4-3-2-1 and a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel central shaft 4-3-2-2; the stirring strips 4-3-2-1 of the stirring wheel of the liquid strain inoculation chamber are uniformly arranged on the central shaft 4-3-2-2 of the stirring wheel of the liquid strain inoculation chamber.
In order to realize the premixing of various liquid strains, the invention is provided with a liquid strain premixing device 4-2; the liquid strain premixing device is composed of a confluence premixing pipe 4-2-1, a liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe II 4-2-2, a shunt premixing pipe 4-2-3 and a liquid strain premixing device external connecting pipe 4-2-4; a plurality of shunting premixing pipes 4-2-3 are uniformly connected to the confluence premixing pipe 4-2-1; the liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe II 4-2-2 is connected to the other end of the confluence premixing pipe 4-2-1; the external pipe 4-2-4 of the liquid strain premixing device is arranged at one end and is used for communicating with other liquid strain storage tanks 4-4.
In order to realize the forming and blank making of the crushed material, the invention is provided with a fungus blank forming and film coating device 5; the device consists of a spiral extruder 5-1, a fungus blank molding and film coating device frame 5-2 and a film coating machine 5-3; the spiral extruder 5-1 and the film laminating machine 5-3 are arranged on the top of the frame 5-2 of the fungus blank molding and film laminating device, and the film laminating machine 5-3 is arranged on the right side of the spiral extruder 5-1.
The device for forming the fungus blanks at one time can be arranged on mobile equipment (such as a truck) and moved to the field, the straws are made into the fungus blanks at one time, the repeated labor of straw transportation, crushing, fermentation, turning, fungus inoculation, packaging and the like is reduced, and the device has the advantages of fresh raw materials, few mixed fungus bases and high product quality because the raw materials are not repeatedly transported and stored for a long time.
Example 2:
as can be seen from the invention content and the attached drawings, the production method of the one-step molding fungus blank comprises ① crushing, namely, selecting crop straws, putting the crop straws into a crusher 1 for one-step crushing, sieving the crop straws by a 5 mm-hole sieve, and storing the crushed crop straws in a temporary storage cavity 1-2-2-4 of crushed material;
② softening, namely introducing the crushed materials which are crushed in the previous step and stored in a temporary storage cavity 1-2-2-4 of the crushed materials into a softening device 2 through an induced draft fan 6, then sealing the softening device 2, pressurizing through a pressurizing device 2-6, heating through an air heater 2-7, adding quicklime water into an external pipe 2-8, heating the crushed materials in the softening device 2 to 100 ℃, adding 5 kilograms of pressure per square centimeter, adding a proper amount of 1-1.5 percent of quicklime water, monitoring the temperature through a thermometer 2-1 and the pressure through a pressure gauge 2-3, and intelligently controlling the softening reaction for 10-15 minutes through an intelligent controller 2-4;
③ temporary storage, namely, the crushed material after the softening reaction is conveyed into the mixing temporary storage cooling device 3 by the material conveyor 7 for temporary storage and cooling for the next operation;
④ inoculating, namely conveying the crushed material from the mixing, temporary storage and cooling device 3 into a liquid strain inoculation chamber 4-3 through a material conveyer 7, premixing the liquid strain through a liquid strain premixing device 4-2 under the action of a water pump 4-1, injecting the liquid strain inoculation chamber 4-3 into the liquid strain inoculation chamber to mix with the crushed material, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture under the action of a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel 4-3-2, wherein the water content display table 4-3-1-3 shows the water content of the crushed material and the liquid strain after mixing, such as insufficient water content, and the water can be supplemented through an external pipe 2-8;
⑤ preparing fungus blank, namely performing spiral extrusion molding and subsequent film coating operation on the mixture of the crushed material and the liquid strain by using a fungus blank molding and film coating device 5.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention; accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A device for forming a fungus blank in one step is characterized by comprising a crusher (1), a softening device (2), a mixing, temporary storage and cooling device (3), a liquid strain inoculation device (4), a fungus blank forming and film coating device (5), an induced draft fan (6) and a material conveyer (7); the softening device (2) is arranged on the right side of the pulverizer (1) through a draught fan (6), and the mixing, temporary storage and cooling device (3), the liquid strain inoculation device (4) and the fungus blank forming and film coating device (5) are sequentially connected and arranged from left to right through a material conveyor (7); wherein the pulverizer (1) consists of a primary pulverizing part (1-1) and a secondary pulverizing part (1-2); the primary crushing part (1-1) is arranged at the top of the secondary crushing part (1-2); a thermometer (2-1), a draught fan connecting pipe (2-2), a pressure gauge (2-3), an intelligent controller (2-4), a softening device lower connecting pipe (2-5), a pressure device (2-6), an air heater (2-7) and an external connecting pipe (2-8) are arranged on the softening device (2); the thermometer (2-1), the pressure gauge (2-3) and the external connecting pipe (2-8) are arranged at the top of the softening device (2); the draught fan connecting pipe (2-2) is arranged at the upper part of the left side of the softening device (2); the intelligent controller (2-4) is arranged in the middle of the front side of the softening device (2); the lower connecting pipe (2-5) of the softening device is arranged at the lower part of the softening device (2); the pressurizing device (2-6) and the hot air blower (2-7) are arranged at the rear part of the softening device (2); a liquid strain inoculation device (4); the device consists of a water pump (4-1), a liquid strain premixing device (4-2), a liquid strain inoculation chamber (4-3) and a liquid strain storage tank (4-4); the water pump (4-1) is arranged between the liquid strain premixing device (4-2) and the liquid strain storage tank (4-4); the liquid strain premixing device (4-2) is arranged at the rear part of the liquid strain inoculation chamber (4-3); a fungus blank forming and film covering device (5); the device consists of a spiral extruder (5-1), a frame (5-2) of a fungus blank molding film covering device and a film covering machine (5-3); the spiral extruder (5-1) and the film laminating machine (5-3) are arranged at the top of the frame (5-2) of the fungus blank molding film laminating device, and the film laminating machine (5-3) is arranged at the right side of the spiral extruder (5-1); the mixing temporary storage cooling device (3) is used for placing the crushed material treated by the softening device (2) into the mixing temporary storage cooling device (3) for cooling so as to facilitate the subsequent inoculation of liquid strains;
a primary crushing part (1-1) and a secondary crushing part (1-2) are arranged on the crusher (1); the primary crushing part (1-1) consists of a feed hopper (1-1-1), a driven crushing wheel (1-1-2) of the primary crushing part, a driving crushing wheel (1-1-3) of the primary crushing part and a frame (1-1-4) of the primary crushing part, the feed hopper (1-1-1) is arranged at the top of the frame (1-1-4) of the primary crushing part, and the driven crushing wheel (1-1-2) of the primary crushing part and the driving crushing wheel (1-1-3) of the primary crushing part are arranged in the frame (1-1-4) of the primary crushing part in parallel through a bearing block (1-1-4-1) of the primary crushing part; the secondary crushing part (1-2) consists of a secondary crushing part driven crushing wheel (1-2-1), a secondary crushing part rack (1-2-2) and a secondary crushing part driving crushing wheel (1-2-3), and the secondary crushing part driven crushing wheel (1-2-1) and the secondary crushing part driving crushing wheel (1-2-3) are arranged in the secondary crushing part rack (1-2-2) in parallel through a secondary crushing part bearing seat (1-2-2-1);
the primary crushing part driven crushing wheel (1-1-2) and the primary crushing part driving crushing wheel (1-1-3), and a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel transmission gear (1-1-2-1), a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel crushing tooth (1-1-2-2) and a primary crushing part driven crushing wheel central shaft (1-1-2-3) are arranged on the primary crushing part driven crushing wheel (1-1-2-2); a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel belt wheel (1-1-3-1), primary crushing part driving crushing wheel crushing teeth (1-1-3-2) and a primary crushing part driving crushing wheel transmission gear (1-1-3-3) are arranged on the primary crushing part driving crushing wheel (1-1-3-3); the primary crushing part driven crushing wheel (1-1-2) and the primary crushing part driving crushing wheel (1-1-3) realize transmission through the primary crushing part driven crushing wheel transmission gear (1-1-2-1) and the primary crushing part driving crushing wheel transmission gear (1-1-3-3), and meanwhile, the primary crushing part driven crushing wheel (1-1-2) and the primary crushing part driving crushing wheel (1-1-3) are opposite in rotation direction.
2. The apparatus for one-step molding of fungus blanks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary crushing portion driven crushing wheel (1-2-1) and the secondary crushing portion driving crushing wheel (1-2-3) are provided with the secondary crushing portion driven crushing wheel transmission gear (1-2-1-1), the secondary crushing portion driven crushing wheel crushing teeth (1-2-1-2) and the secondary crushing portion driven crushing wheel central shaft (1-2-1-3); a belt pulley (1-2-3-1) of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part, crushing teeth (1-2-3-2) of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part and a transmission gear (1-2-3-3) of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part are arranged on the driving crushing wheel (1-2-3-3) of the second-stage crushing part; the driven crushing wheel (1-2-1) of the second-stage crushing part and the driving crushing wheel (1-2-3) of the second-stage crushing part realize transmission through the driving gear (1-2-1-1) of the driven crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part and the driving crushing wheel driving gear (1-2-3-3) of the second-stage crushing part, so that the rotating directions of the driven crushing wheel (1-2-1) of the second-stage crushing part and the driving crushing wheel (1-2-3) of the second-stage crushing part are opposite, and meanwhile, the crushing teeth (1-2-1-2) of the driven crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part and the crushing teeth (1-2-3-2) of the driving crushing wheel of the second-stage crushing part are meshed with.
3. The apparatus for one-time molding of mushroom blanks as set forth in claim 2, wherein the secondary crushing portion driven crushing wheel crushing teeth (1-2-1-2) and the secondary crushing portion driving crushing wheel crushing teeth (1-2-3-2) are denser than the primary crushing portion driving crushing wheel crushing teeth (1-1-3-2) and the primary crushing portion driven crushing wheel crushing teeth (1-1-2-2).
4. A device for the single-pass forming of bacterial blanks as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with a sieve (1-2-2-5); the filter screen (1-2-2-5) is arranged at the bottom of the secondary crushing cavity (1-2-2-3), and the filter screen (1-2-2-5) is a 5mm hole screen.
5. A device for one-shot forming of bacterial blanks as claimed in claim 1, wherein a liquid spawn inoculation chamber (4-3) is provided; the liquid strain inoculation room stirring wheel is characterized by comprising a liquid strain inoculation room frame (4-3-1) and a liquid strain inoculation room stirring wheel (4-3-2), wherein the liquid strain inoculation room stirring wheel (4-3-2) is arranged on the lower side inside the liquid strain inoculation room frame (4-3-1-5) through a liquid strain inoculation room stirring wheel bearing seat (4-3-1-5); a liquid strain inoculation room upper connecting pipe (4-3-1-1), a liquid strain inoculation room lower connecting pipe (4-3-1-2), a water content display table (4-3-1-3), a liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe I (4-3-1-4), a liquid strain inoculation room stirring wheel bearing seat (4-3-1-5), a thermometer (2-1) and an external connecting pipe (2-8) are arranged on a liquid strain inoculation room rack (4-3-1-1); a water content display meter (4-3-1-3), a thermometer (2-1) and an external connecting pipe (2-8) are arranged on the top of the liquid strain inoculation chamber frame (4-3-1); the upper connecting pipe (4-3-1-1) of the liquid strain inoculation chamber is arranged on the left side of the upper part of the frame (4-3-1) of the liquid strain inoculation chamber; the liquid strain inoculation room lower connecting pipe (4-3-1-2) is arranged at the lower part of the liquid strain inoculation room frame (4-3-1); a liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe I (4-3-1-4) is arranged at the upper part of the rear side of the liquid strain inoculation chamber frame (4-3-1); the liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel (4-3-2) consists of a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel stirring strip (4-3-2-1) and a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel central shaft (4-3-2-2); the stirring strips (4-3-2-1) of the stirring wheel of the liquid strain inoculation chamber are uniformly arranged on the central shaft (4-3-2-2) of the stirring wheel of the liquid strain inoculation chamber.
6. The apparatus for one-shot forming of fungus blanks as claimed in claim 1, wherein a liquid spawn premixing apparatus (4-2) is provided; the liquid strain premixing device is composed of a confluence premixing pipe (4-2-1), a liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe II (4-2-2), a shunt premixing pipe (4-2-3) and a liquid strain premixing device external connecting pipe (4-2-4); a plurality of shunting premixing pipes (4-2-3) are uniformly connected to the confluence premixing pipe (4-2-1); the liquid strain premixing device connecting pipe II (4-2-2) is connected to the other end of the confluence premixing pipe (4-2-1); the external pipe (4-2-4) of the liquid strain premixing device is arranged at one end and is used for communicating with other liquid strain storage tanks (4-4).
7. An apparatus for one-shot molding of mushroom blanks as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the apparatus for one-shot molding of mushroom blanks is mountable on a truck.
8. The method for producing the one-step formed fungus blanks as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein ① the method comprises crushing crop straws, placing the crushed crop straws into a crusher (1) for one-step crushing, sieving with a 5 mm-hole sieve, and storing in a temporary crushed material storage cavity (1-2-2-4);
② softening, namely introducing the crushed materials which are crushed in the previous step and stored in a temporary storage cavity (1-2-2-4) of the crushed materials into a softening device (2) through an induced draft fan (6), then sealing the softening device (2), pressurizing through a pressurizing device (2-6), heating through a hot air blower (2-7), adding quicklime water through an external connecting pipe (2-8), heating the crushed materials in the softening device (2) to 100 ℃, adding 5 kilograms of pressure per square centimeter, adding a proper amount of quicklime water of 1% -1.5%, monitoring the temperature through a thermometer (2-1), monitoring the pressure through a pressure gauge (2-3), and intelligently controlling the softening device (2-4) to intelligently control the softening reaction for 10-15 minutes;
③ temporary storage, namely, the crushed material after the softening reaction is conveyed into a mixing temporary storage cooling device (3) through a material conveyor (7) for temporary storage and cooling for the next operation;
④ inoculating, namely conveying the crushed material from the mixing, temporary storage and cooling device (3) into a liquid strain inoculation chamber (4-3) through a material conveyor (7), premixing the liquid strain through a liquid strain premixing device (4-2) under the action of a water pump (4-1), injecting the liquid strain inoculation chamber (4-3) to be mixed with the crushed material, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture under the action of a liquid strain inoculation chamber stirring wheel (4-3-2), wherein a water content display table (4-3-1-3) shows the water content of the crushed material and the liquid strain after mixing, if the water content is insufficient, the water can be supplemented through an external connecting pipe (2-8);
⑤ preparing fungus blank, namely performing spiral extrusion molding and subsequent film coating operation on the mixture of the crushed material and the liquid strain by using a fungus blank molding and film coating device (5).
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| CN105830748A (en) * | 2016-05-29 | 2016-08-10 | 潘显敏 | Straw mixture preparation system applied to mushroom cultivation |
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