CN103896650A - Method for fermenting compost - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for fermenting compost. The method comprises the following steps: adopting a covering material fabricated by 50-60% of aquaculture pond soil and 30-40% of wood-rot fungi mushroom residue, and fermenting, wherein each 40m<2> of cultivated area contains 600kg of straws, 275kg of alfalfa, 375kg of cow dung, 100kg of rape seed cake, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, 50kg of gypsum powder, 40kg of lime, 15kg of urea, and 5kg of ammonium carbonate of which the moisture content is 70% and the pH value is adjusted to 7-7.5. By adopting the method for fermenting the compost, development of resource-saving and environment-friendly ecological agriculture is promoted, and important significance and action will be produced.

Description

A kind of fermentation process of culture material

Technical field

The invention belongs to growing vegetables technical field, particularly relate to a kind of fermentation process of culture material.

Background technology

Edible fungi of china market will be popularized " scale edible fungus industrial high yield technique " gradually at For The Next 3-5 Years, by family edible mushrooms high yield mushroom fields ten hundreds of operation, following what arise at the historic moment will be " compost produce specialized enterprises ", the difference of the operating mechanism of this marketization and the market division of labor can directly cause culture material to make with Edible Fungi and thoroughly make a distinction, expedite the emergence of culture medium of edible fungus productive specialization enterprise, plant mushroom family and buy the compost fermenting, the material piece of even sending out bacterium good, only carry out management of producing mushroom, so just the capital of major company, flexible and efficient the combining of technical superiority and family little mushroom field, realize productive specialization and the mass-producing of culture material, greatly reduce production cost, to significantly improve production efficiency.Along with the operation of the universal and ten hundreds of family edible mushrooms high yield mushroom field of domestic " scale edible fungus industrial high yield technique ", will there is the double growth of geometricprogression in the high-quality culture material market demand fermenting, in 3～5 years, modernization mushroom is planted industrial blank and is about to represent.Scholarly forecast both at home and abroad: 21 century food of fungi will be with animal food and vegetable food the gesture of tripartite confrontation, be the 3rd emerging based food.Form in recent years " food bacterium heat ", some developed countries gain great popularity fresh edible mushrooms as pollution-free vegetable.As how less energy-consumption, strive for high yield, realize Edible Fungi supply ample supply of vegetables in the off seasons year-round supply, balanced listing is the target that Edible Fungi person pursues always.Edible mushrooms is a kind of high protein, lower fat, rich vitamin, multienzyme class and inorganic salt, and the gourmet food of various polysaccharide bodies, is described as heath food or protective foods, has high nutrition and drug effect to be worth.Along with the raising demand of living standards of the people constantly increases, developed country at present per capita edible mushrooms amount up to 6 kilograms; 0.5 kilogram of China's less than, market outlook are wide.

Edible mushrooms is just called as " mountain delicacy " since ancient times, has very high nutritive value, and the content of mushroom proteinoid, higher than general vegetables, contains the indispensable eight kinds of necessary amino acid of human body and various active mineral element.At present, edible mushrooms plantation is able to spread on the south China the Changjiang river, and cultivation technique also reaches its maturity.China has exceeded the U.S. becomes first planting edible mushroom and big export country in the world, and market comsupton demand is just with annual 20% speed increase.Food demand just turns to vegetables from consumption flesh of fish type, and emphasis health diet, hygienic safety it is believed that it is primary prerequisite.Culture material is very important to the cultivation of edible mushrooms, and the quality of culture material is one of key factor of edible mushrooms quality.Culture medium of edible fungus Concentrated fermentation technology, utilize cow dung, the agricultural wastes such as stalk are realized mushroom compost batch production, specialized production, solve in planting edible mushroom production process, culture material nutrient proportioning is unreasonable, operate lack of standardization, ferment inhomogeneous, poor and the miscellaneous bacteria of culture material ripening degree, the problems such as worm's ovum is seriously polluted, change the culture material preparation method of backwardness small and comprehensive, the culture material preparing can be supplied to peasant household, and widely popularize mushroom high-yield culture technique, to alleviating the labour intensity of peasant cultured mushroom, improve the quality of culture material, improve the output capacity of unit surface and the quality of fresh mushroom, change the impact of Mushroom production on rural environment, strengthen the market competitiveness of peasant cultured mushroom, there is positive demonstration effect.

With the culture material plantation edible mushrooms fermenting, project is attached most importance to plantation Twospore Mushroom.Twospore Mushroom is a kind of typical careless saprophytic fungus, in its whole growth and development process, therefrom obtains required whole nutrition by self decomposing organic matter matter.The main raw material(s) of artificial culture Twospore Mushroom matrix is the waste material of excrement, grass and processing industry.Twospore Mushroom can be by the waste material of these works, agricultural, and decomposition and inversion is can be for nutritive ingredients such as people edible mushroom body protein, fat and carbohydrate.From social effect, it can be turned waste into wealth, and reduces environmental pollution, and from whole nature, it plays balance natural, ecological simultaneously, promotes the effect of nature material systemic circulation.China is a large agricultural country, and stalk is abundant natural resources, if the quantity of stalk 1/2 is used for to cultured mushroom, also can produce 0.58 hundred million ton, mushroom, and this numeral is extremely considerable.Utilize that stalk and agricultural wastes produce that Twospore Mushroom processing unit is simple, less investment, instant effect, under general rural condition, all can popularize, and Twospore Mushroom can stereo planting, saves soil.According to China's national situation, utilize agriculture and forestry by-product to produce Twospore Mushroom and neither take a large amount of soils, do not need again expensive equipment, and raw material is extensive, can gather materials on the spot, utilize farm slack season, do not affect agriculture production, also can promote the development of food-processing industry, the more important thing is that it is a shortcut adjusting Industry Structure, solves an outlet of surplus rural labor force.

The agricultural organic waste such as discarded culture material, waste mushroom stick of edible mushrooms is as raw material, then according to the principle of " entirety, coordination, circulation, regeneration ", implementation high level, high efficiency recovery fully utilize, and are made into organic-biological compound fertilizer.Strengthen ecological agriculture construction, promote that growth of agricultural efficiency increases income.In traditional processing mode, waste mushroom stick, cultivation waste material and residual natural pond slag the like waste are dealt with improperly, all can environment be produced and be polluted, and the processes such as compost easily produce secondary pollution.These dead meals of this project application are carrier, by the zymolysis technique of the functional floras such as the molten potassium of fixed nitrogen phosphorus decomposing, organic waste is carried out to high level, high efficiency recovery comprehensive utilization, nuisanceless, the pollution-free products such as development of new organic-biological compound fertilizer, realize agricultural organic waste recycle.

The development of mushroom industry is driving its appurtenance, utilizes the discarded substratum of planting edible mushroom and waste mushroom stick to make organic-biological compound fertilizer.Organic-biological compound fertilizer developed very fast in recent years, obtained at present family more than 120 of manufacturing enterprise of product registration card in the national Ministry of Agriculture, and approximately more than 200 ten thousand tons of annual production, become the new bright spot in one, agricultural material product market.Research and development, production and the application dynamics of organic-biological compound fertilizer material, in view of to the showing great attention to of agricultural sustainable development, strengthened in countries in the world.Developed country's organic-biological compound fertilizer material such as the U.S. have accounted for the more than 40% of chemical fertilizer total amount, calculate and China accounts for the total consumption of chemical fertilizer 10% by organic biofertilizer, and its market capacity is at 14,000,000 tons.At present annual production only more than 200 ton with account for the pre-quantitation of chemical fertilizer total amount 10% and differ greatly, far can not meet the requirement of pollution-free food production, there is wide market outlook and development space.But because organic biofertilizer manufacturer scale is less, improve production cost, how on the Peak output cash crop such as fruits and vegetables, medicinal material, flowers, to have applied at present; Again because China's organic biofertilizer industry has just started to rise, the improvement of still needing of composite flora combo, application technique also will strengthen outreach dynamics, makes that China's bio-organic fertilizer industry obtains fast, sane development.The development of agricultural circulation economy pattern of this project taking planting edible mushroom as core, actively develops the development of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, will have boundless market and DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT.

Summary of the invention

A fermentation process for culture material, is characterized in that: adopt 50-60% aquaculture pond soil to add the casingmaterial that 30-40% wood-decay fungi bacterium chaff is made, fermentation, the cultivated area of every 40m2: straw 600-800 kg, Alfalfa 275-280 kg, cow dung 375-400 kg, rapeseed cake 100-150kg, calcium superphosphate 50-100 kg, terra alba 50-100 kg, lime 40-60 kg, urea 15-25 kg, volatile salt 5-8 kg water content 70%, pH value is transferred to 7-7.5; Get material ready by selected cultivation formula, straw prescinds to 5～15 centimetres, rolls, and irrigates with 0.5% liming, destroys stratum corneum and the wax layer of straw, makes it to be easy to absorb moisture; Prewetting of straw carried out building heap for front 2～3 days, will allow grass drenched while prewetting, suctions moisture, can water by limit flange, straw pile up be difficult for blocked up, in order to avoid centre or grass below can not soak; Build heap front 3～4 days, argol is prewetted, water content rests in 60% left and right, with hand-tight hold expect agglomerating, putting down scatters is advisable; In proportion excrement, grass, urea, gypsum, dish cake, lime etc. are mixed with mixing machine, culture material is put into tunnel, shut tunnel; Logical steam, makes temperature in tunnel maintain 65 DEG C, and every day is with logical 20～30 minutes air of centrifugal blower, to supplement the oxygen level of culture material; After 2 days, the mould class fungi of some humics thermoactinomyces, thermophilic bacterium successively live in material, decompose matrix; Fermentation is after 13 days, and regulating water content is 65%, can drip for lower 1～2 and is advisable, pH 7.5～8.0 with the hand-tight culture material of holding; After 13 days, see whether will extend the primary fermentation time depending on fermentation situation, in the time that culture material reaches the feature request of primary fermentation, directly carry out secondary fermentation.

This project is planted as core taking edible mushrooms high-efficient solid, autonomous innovation, be core around " culture medium of edible fungus fermentation → edible mushrooms high-efficient solid plantation → waste edible fungus rejected material is made biological organic complex fertilizer ", developing agricultural resource circulating economy, utilize stalk, the agricultural wastes such as ight soil are as culture medium of edible fungus, be used for planting edible mushrooms, the dead meal of recycling edible mushrooms is made biological organic complex fertilizer, thereby reach high-quality, the object that efficient circulation is utilized, build up plantation, cultivation, the Agro-ecology recycle system of waste utilization, to realize resource conversion, become resources advantage, realize recycling economy optimal mode.

Society and ecological benefits that method disclosed by the invention has are:

By this project implementation, in agriculture production, realize the material step recycle object of interdependent and resource each other, reach the harmony of production and environment.The science regeneration of agricultural organic waste, has not only protected agroecological environment, also helps safety and sanitation agricultural-food and produces.Thereby impel the significantly reduction of production cost, and promote the new model of the planting edible mushroom industrialization that is applicable to this area, lengthening manufacturing chain, improves added value, thereby improves overall economic efficiency, expands increasing peasant income source.Being conducive to this area agricultural develops better sooner.

At present, the core technology achievement that project construction is implemented has reached the through engineering approaches technological standard that promotes industry development, for further improving core technology achievement scientific level and the good and fast development of promotion industry.Recently, we utilize modern network to search for domestic and international up-to-date Latest Information, and in conjunction with established core technology specification, finding has again new results to succeed in developing in batch production production and two sport technique segments of culture material Concentrated fermentation.For making this project construction modernization and batch production more, company organizes technician to go Fujian Province and Shanghai City study to investigate specially, determine to introduce Fujian Mushroom Fungal Research Station's " research of Twospore Mushroom bacterial classification batch production seeding technique and GMP formulate " and Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Centre " mushroom compost is specialized to be produced and corresponding cultivation techniques ", to to continuing to use in core technology, bottled bacterial classification is made and two links of normal fermentation are integrated and upgrade, reaching bacterial classification production cost reduces, quality improves, reduce damaged, conveniently transport with culture material fermentation even, uniform quality, popularization, specialized re-set target of producing.Utilize domestic and international state-of-the-art aseptic ventilative composite polypropylene plastics bag replacement vial or tampon plastics bag as bacterial classification novel package thing, microbe filter membrane pore size < 0.1 μ m; There is gaseous interchange function; The little timeinvariance of high pressure 6 at 125 DEG C, declines 32% than the bottled bacterial classification production cost of tradition; Shorten the production cycle 66%, improve 5 percentage points of yield rates, bacterial classification preservation period extends 3 times, reaches 12 months, and the technique that forms a complete production network and related facility equipment are realized bacterial classification batch production and produced; Adopt culture material to concentrate tunnel fermentation technique, realize culture material fermentation standardization, stdn, improve fresh mushroom quality and biological transformation ratio, promote mushroom agriculture to increase income.New technology is innovated with the integration of autonomous core technology again, make this project construction have more advance, typical case and exemplary role are more obvious, to promoting the scientific-technical progress of Twospore Mushroom batch production Manufacturing science level and promotion mushroom-cultivating industry, the development that promotes resource-conserving, the environmentally friendly ecological agriculture will produce significance and effect.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described, and following embodiment is illustrative, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with following embodiment.Various raw material of the present invention all has commercially available." part " in following examples refer to kilogram or gram, selected according to the situation of actual production.

Embodiment 1

A fermentation process for culture material, is characterized in that: adopt 50% aquaculture pond soil to add the casingmaterial that 30% wood-decay fungi bacterium chaff is made, fermentation, the cultivated area of every 40m2: straw 600 kg, Alfalfa 280 kg, cow dung 400 kg, rapeseed cake 150kg, calcium superphosphate 100 kg, terra alba 100 kg, lime 60 kg, urea 25 kg, volatile salt 5-8 kg water content 70%, pH value is transferred to 7-7.5; Get material ready by selected cultivation formula, straw prescinds to 5～15 centimetres, rolls, and irrigates with 0.5% liming, destroys stratum corneum and the wax layer of straw, makes it to be easy to absorb moisture; Prewetting of straw carried out building heap for front 2～3 days, will allow grass drenched while prewetting, suctions moisture, can water by limit flange, straw pile up be difficult for blocked up, in order to avoid centre or grass below can not soak; Build heap front 3～4 days, argol is prewetted, water content rests in 60% left and right, with hand-tight hold expect agglomerating, putting down scatters is advisable; In proportion excrement, grass, urea, gypsum, dish cake, lime etc. are mixed with mixing machine, culture material is put into tunnel, shut tunnel; Logical steam, makes temperature in tunnel maintain 65 DEG C, and every day is with logical 20～30 minutes air of centrifugal blower, to supplement the oxygen level of culture material; After 2 days, the mould class fungi of some humics thermoactinomyces, thermophilic bacterium successively live in material, decompose matrix; Fermentation is after 13 days, and regulating water content is 65%, can drip for lower 1～2 and is advisable, pH 7.5～8.0 with the hand-tight culture material of holding; After 13 days, see whether will extend the primary fermentation time depending on fermentation situation, in the time that culture material reaches the feature request of primary fermentation, directly carry out secondary fermentation.

Embodiment 2

A fermentation process for culture material, is characterized in that: adopt 50-60% aquaculture pond soil to add the casingmaterial that 40% wood-decay fungi bacterium chaff is made, fermentation, the cultivated area of every 40m2: straw 800 kg, Alfalfa 275kg, cow dung 375kg, rapeseed cake 100 kg, calcium superphosphate 50 kg, terra alba 50kg, lime 40 kg, urea 15kg, volatile salt 5kg water content 70%, pH value is transferred to 7-7.5; Get material ready by selected cultivation formula, straw prescinds to 5～15 centimetres, rolls, and irrigates with 0.5% liming, destroys stratum corneum and the wax layer of straw, makes it to be easy to absorb moisture; Prewetting of straw carried out building heap for first 2 days, will allow grass drenched while prewetting, suctions moisture, can water by limit flange, straw pile up be difficult for blocked up, in order to avoid grass middle or below can not soak; Build heap front 3～4 days, argol is prewetted, water content rests in 60% left and right, with hand-tight hold expect agglomerating, putting down scatters is advisable; In proportion excrement, grass, urea, gypsum, dish cake, lime etc. are mixed with mixing machine, culture material is put into tunnel, shut tunnel; Logical steam, makes temperature in tunnel maintain 65 DEG C, and every day is with logical 20～30 minutes air of centrifugal blower, to supplement the oxygen level of culture material; After 2 days, the mould class fungi of some humics thermoactinomyces, thermophilic bacterium successively live in material, decompose matrix; Fermentation is after 13 days, and regulating water content is 65%, can drip for lower 1～2 and is advisable, pH 7.5～8.0 with the hand-tight culture material of holding; After 13 days, see whether will extend the primary fermentation time depending on fermentation situation, in the time that culture material reaches the feature request of primary fermentation, directly carry out secondary fermentation.

Claims (1)

1. a fermentation process for culture material, is characterized in that: adopt 50-60% aquaculture pond soil to add the casingmaterial that 30-40% wood-decay fungi bacterium chaff is made, fermentation, the cultivated area of every 40m2: straw 600-800 kg, Alfalfa 275-280 kg, cow dung 375-400 kg, rapeseed cake 100-150kg, calcium superphosphate 50-100 kg, terra alba 50-100 kg, lime 40-60 kg, urea 15-25 kg, volatile salt 5-8 kg water content 70%, pH value is transferred to 7-7.5; Get material ready by selected cultivation formula, straw prescinds to 5～15 centimetres, rolls, and irrigates with 0.5% liming, destroys stratum corneum and the wax layer of straw, makes it to be easy to absorb moisture; Prewetting of straw carried out building heap for front 2～3 days, will allow grass drenched while prewetting, suctions moisture, can water by limit flange, straw pile up be difficult for blocked up, in order to avoid centre or grass below can not soak; Build heap front 3～4 days, argol is prewetted, water content rests in 60% left and right, with hand-tight hold expect agglomerating, putting down scatters is advisable; In proportion excrement, grass, urea, gypsum, dish cake, lime etc. are mixed with mixing machine, culture material is put into tunnel, shut tunnel; Logical steam, makes temperature in tunnel maintain 65 DEG C, and every day is with logical 20～30 minutes air of centrifugal blower, to supplement the oxygen level of culture material; After 2 days, the mould class fungi of some humics thermoactinomyces, thermophilic bacterium successively live in material, decompose matrix; Fermentation is after 13 days, and regulating water content is 65%, can drip for lower 1～2 and is advisable, pH 7.5～8.0 with the hand-tight culture material of holding; After 13 days, see whether will extend the primary fermentation time depending on fermentation situation, in the time that culture material reaches the feature request of primary fermentation, directly carry out secondary fermentation.