CN107047547A - Biological clear garden agent of a kind of apple garden and preparation method thereof and application method - Google Patents
Biological clear garden agent of a kind of apple garden and preparation method thereof and application method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses biological clear garden agent of a kind of apple garden and its preparation method and application, belong to biological pesticide production technical field.Using China tree extract, oleander extract as primary raw material, clear garden agent for leathercoat orchard is prepared for by compounding blending technology, with reference to the clear garden of winter physics, pest control is reached, kills the purpose of germ.Winter most of insects, germ in the form of worm's ovum, spore to hide in the deadwood, fallen leaves of apple tree, vital movement extremely Microsoft, while deadwood, fallen leaves is wiped out, spray margosine, the confection of oleander, it can then eliminate/reduce apple orchard pest and disease damage quantity, play the role of fairly obvious to preventing and treating canker of apple fruit, ring spot, anthracnose, early defoliation disease, rotten worry, there is positive meaning to apple harm to reducing tetranychid, small heart-eating peach worm, oriental fruit months, apple lane leaf moth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological pesticide production technical field, and in particular to a kind of apple garden biological clear garden agent and its preparation
Method and application method.
Background technology
Winter is the incubation period of apple pest, and now the vitality of apple pest is weaker, most of with worm's ovum, spore
The form of body is present on the rotten branch of fruit tree fallen leaves or upper soll layer, with winter pruning fruit tree, clear garden, most of pest and disease damage quilt
Cleaning is gone out, and small part is also present in soil and tree body or upper soll layer, in order to eliminate or reduce this part pest and disease damage to tree
The influence of body and young fruit, using the biological clear garden agent of apple garden, sprays to tree body, ground, utilizes plant extracts China tree
Plain deinsectization excellent result, duration of efficacy is long, and low-temperature stability is good and oleander onset time is short, the strong spy of action of contace poison
Point, is made a kind of biological clear garden agent, and the clear garden agent apple germ faint to incubation period vitality, insect pest fragmentation effect are obvious,
Coming year apple dosage and times for spraying can be reduced, there is certain meaning to Apple safety production.
Agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer are the major measures of agricultural volume increase, in recent years, with Apple safety production and the increasing of health perception
By force, chemical pesticide is increasingly challenged, and is badly in need of a kind of efficient, low toxicity, degradable, noresidue plant pesticide.
Apple has become the pillar industry of Shanxi economy development, and some counties and districts' cultivated area of the apple of North Shaanxi have exceeded
The 80% of land area, has thus driven counties and districts' expanding economy, forms the pattern of " internet+apple+".Past apple orchard
Winter management is weaker, in recent years, occurs in that the apple winter management technology that apple winter pruning, Qing Yuan, spray are combined,
The sprouting of spring insect is greatly reduced, spray value and spray number of times is reduced, reduces apple production cost.
At present, the apple winter in apple orchard largely prevents and treats rot, dry rot, wheel line using asomate, lime sulfur etc.
Disease and insect.Asomate is a kind of agricultural chemicals containing arsenic, and residual life is longer, and lime sulfur is to add water to boil by quick lime, sulphur to form
A kind of be used for bactericide agriculturally.Because of its convenient material drawing, cheap, effect is good, have inhibitory or killing effect to a variety of germs
The advantages of, generally used by numerous orchard workers.Lime sulfur can kill disease pest by permeating and corroding germ and insect body wall
Evil and worm's ovum, be it is a kind of can sterilize energy desinsection, the inorganic sulphur preparation of mite killing again, powdery mildew can be prevented and treated, rust, brown rotten sick, brown
A variety of pest and disease damages such as pinta, scab and red spider, coccid.But they all have a certain impact to Apple safety production.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide biological clear garden agent of a kind of apple garden and its preparation method and application, the Apples
The biological clear garden agent in garden can effectively kill Apple Pests and harmful levels of pathogens, and stability is good, and drug effect is long, degradable；The preparation method
Simple to operate, stability is good, is adapted to industrialized production.
The present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：
The invention discloses a kind of biological clear garden agent of apple garden, by percentage to the quality, including：
The China tree extract is made by following methods：
China tree ripening fruits is collected, decayed fruit is rejected, 12~16h is dried in 50~60 DEG C of baking oven, is stirred every 2h
Move once, obtain dry Fruit of Melia azedarach Linn；
Dry Fruit of Melia azedarach Linn is taken, the particle that granularity is 150~200 mesh is crushed to, then by 1g：(10~12) mL feed liquid
Than adding the ethanol that volume fraction is 60%~70%, 6~8h of stirring extraction, filtering, collect filtrate and filter at 60~70 DEG C
Slag；
By 1g：(6~8) mL solid-liquid ratio, the ethanol that volume fraction is 60%~70%, 60~70 DEG C are added into filter residue
Under, filtrate and filter residue are collected in stirring 6~8h of extraction, filtering；
By 1g：(6~8) mL solid-liquid ratio, the ethanol that volume fraction is 60%~70%, 60~70 DEG C are added into filter residue
Under, filtrate is collected in stirring 6~8h of extraction, filtering；
The filtrate that merging is three times, at 45~55 DEG C, is concentrated in vacuo recycling design, obtains under conditions of 0.085~0.09KPa
China tree extract.
The oleander extract is made by following methods：
Oleander mature leaf is gathered, 8~10h is dried in 40~50 DEG C of baking oven, every 1h agitations once, is done
Dry sweetscented oleander leaf, takes dry sweetscented oleander leaf to be crushed to 100~150 mesh, by 1g：(15~20) mL solid-liquid ratio, adds body
Fraction is 40%~55% ethanol, and 5~6h of stirring extraction, filtering, collect filter residue and filtrate at 80~90 DEG C；
By 1g：(8~10) mL solid-liquid ratio, the ethanol that volume fraction is 40%~55%, 80~90 are added into filter residue
5~6h of stirring extraction, filtering, collect filtrate and filter residue at DEG C；
By 1g：(6~8) mL solid-liquid ratio, the ethanol that volume fraction is 40%~55%, 80~90 DEG C are added into filter residue
Filtrate is collected in 5~6h of lower stirring extraction, filtering；
The filtrate that merging is three times, at 45~55 DEG C, is concentrated in vacuo recycling design, obtains under conditions of 0.085~0.09KPa
Oleander extract.
The organic solvent is one or both of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane.
Surfactant is polyoxyethylene alkaryl phenols, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol class, sorbierite alkoxide, EO/PO alkane
One or both of base phenols, EO/PO castor-oil plants oils and Triton X-100.
Antifreezing agent is one or both of ethylene glycol, propane diols and glycerine.
Synergist is one or both of formaldehyde, castor oil and Butacide PBO.
The invention also discloses the preparation method of the biological clear garden agent of above-mentioned apple garden, comprise the following steps：
1) under agitation, into organic solvent, China tree extract, oleander extract, antifreezing agent and synergy are added
Agent, stirs to China tree extract, oleander extract at 40~50 DEG C and is completely dissolved, and preparation obtains oil phase；
2) add surfactant while stirring in deionized water, 30~60min is stirred at 40~50 DEG C, is made
Aqueous phase containing surfactant；
3) under agitation, aqueous phase and oil phase are mixed, are sufficiently mixed, the biological clear garden agent of apple garden is obtained.
Step 3) concrete operations are：
Take the reaction vessel with stirring and two charge pipes in 40~50 DEG C of water-bath, one of charge pipe refuels
Phase a, charge pipe adds water phase, under agitation, while oil phase and aqueous phase are added, turning with 250-300r/min during charging
Speed stirring, is waited after the completion of charging, is continued to stir 20~30min with 30~50r/min rotating speed, milky supernatant liquid is made,
That is the biological clear garden agent of apple garden.
The invention also discloses the application method of the biological clear garden agent of above-mentioned apple garden, by the biological clear garden agent of apple garden
1000~1500 times are diluted to, apple tree-pruning in the winter time is completed, remove the same day or second day after rotten branch fallen leaves in apple orchard
Sprinkling, sprinkling includes apple tree and ground
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technique effect：
The biological clear garden agent of apple garden disclosed by the invention, is using Fruit of Melia azedarach Linn, sweetscented oleander leaf as raw material, through extraction, dense
The obtained extract that contracts is raw material, a kind of water soluble preparation that addition stabilizer, antifreezing agent, surfactant are made, to environment
Pollution is not produced, and the resistance to the action of a drug is not likely to produce to insect.The biological clear garden agent of the apple garden both played China tree extract (mainly into
Divide margosine) under cryogenic, stability is good, drug effect length, the advantage good to apple garden prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control effect, plays again
Folinerin C stability in the excellent deinsectization of oleander extract, the spiral shell that goes out, the special role of sterilizing, oleander is good, medicine
Effect length, overcomes the traditional medicament such as residual quantity such as asomate, captan, Bordeaux mixture greatly, the influence caused to fruit quality.Should
Organic solvent, surfactant and other auxiliary dosages used in the clear garden agent of apple garden are few and are small molecule (with respect to other
For chemical substance), easily degraded, obtained product has the characteristics of appearance transparent, cloud point are high, freeze proof, stability is good, and its is each
Item index meets microemulsion quality and technical index requirement regulation.
Surfactant in the biological clear garden agent prescription of apple garden is polyoxyethylene alkaryl phenols, polyxyethylated
Phenols, sorbierite alkoxide, EO/PO induced by alkyl hydroxybenzene, EO/PO castor-oil plants oils and one kind in Triton X-100 or two
Kind, these surfactants mainly play steric stabilization and emulsification.Antifreezing agent is one in ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine
Plant or two kinds, prevent severe cold area from freezing, bad stability.Synergist be formaldehyde, castor oil, one kind in Butacide PBO or
Two kinds, these solvents, which have, to permeate, emulsifies by force soon, helping the superiority such as scattered, increasing suspends, height sticks together, resistance to rain brush, elimination resistance
Can, infiltration, the emulsibility of agricultural chemicals can be significantly improved, improves the uniformity and dissolubility, wetability and the suspension of powder pesticide is improved
Property, be particularly helpful to raising agricultural chemicals sticks together absorption affinity, and target organismses epidermis is sticked together for a long time, promotes the infiltration of decoction, is difficult
Volatilization and loss.
Preparation method disclosed by the invention, prepares oil phase and aqueous phase respectively, then in the case of stirring, while adding oil
Phase and aqueous phase, emulsifying effectiveness, stability are better than oil phase adding aqueous phase or aqueous phase are added into oil phase.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, it is described be explanation of the invention and
It is not to limit.
Embodiment 1
1st, China tree extract, the preparation of oleander extract
China tree ripening fruits is collected, the seed that goes mouldy that rots is rejected, 12h is dried in 50 DEG C of baking ovens, every 2h agitations once, is taken
Through drying, pulverization process chinaberry seeds 100g (180 mesh) in stirring there-necked flask in, add 60v/v ethanol 1000ml,
Stirring extraction 6h at 60 DEG C, filtering to the ethanol 600ml that 60v/v is added in filter residue, is extracted 2 times, collected under identical condition
Three extracts, the recycling design under 45-55 DEG C/0.085-0.09KPa obtains 0.715g China tree extracts.
Wear gloves collection Leaf Blades of Nerium Indicum November, 8h is dried in 40 DEG C of baking oven, every 1h agitations once, learn from else's experience dry
Dry, pulverization process sweetscented oleander leaf (100 mesh) 100g adds 40v/v ethanol in stirring, the three-necked flask of condenser
1500mL, return stirring extracts 5h, filtering, to the ethanol 800mL that 40v/v is added in filter residue, in same condition at 80 DEG C
Under, three extracts are collected in continuous extraction 2 times, and the recycling design under 45 DEG C/0.09KPa obtains 10g oleander extracts.
2nd, the preparation of the biological clear garden agent of apple garden
The preparation of the biological clear garden agent of apple garden：
Take the ethyl acetate of the clear garden agent 15% in orchard in the three-necked flask with stirring, 3% (fruit is separately added into while stirring
The agent of Yuan Qing gardens, similarly hereinafter) China tree extract, 1% oleander extract, 0.5% glycerine and 0.05% formaldehyde, stirred at 50 DEG C
30min, obtains extract containing margosine, the oil phase of oleander extract.
The clear deionized water of garden agent 57.57% in orchard is taken to add 19% polyethylene glycol octyl group in three-necked flask, while stirring
Phenyl ether, 40min is stirred at 40 DEG C, obtains the aqueous phase containing surfactant.
Take the three-necked flask with stirring and two charge pipes in 40 DEG C of water-bath, one of charge pipe adds containing China tree
The oil phase of extract, oleander extract a, charge pipe adds the aqueous phase containing surfactant, in the case of stirring, simultaneously
It is slowly added into three-necked flask, (300r/min) is quickly stirred during charging, waits after the completion of charging, mix slowly (40r/min)
30min, obtains the clear garden agent of milky supernatant liquid, i.e. apple garden, its stability, frost resistance, cloud point can reach national agriculture
Medicine standard.
3rd, use
Winter pest and disease damage is in incubation period, and most Apple Pests exist in the form of ovum, and most apple germs are with spore
Form is present, and vitality is weaker, more sensitive to agricultural chemicals.Old orchard or the high fruit of the rot incidence of disease for more than 20 years
Garden, 1 is sprayed behind apple trimming, clear garden：The 1000 clear garden agent of apple garden (tree body and ground), for indivedual rot trees most
Spray 2 times well.
Rot or the lighter new orchard of rot did not occurred for 10 or so, 1 is sprayed behind apple trimming, clear garden：
The 1500 clear garden agent of apple garden (tree body and ground).The clear garden agent spray concentration of apple garden is big good to prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control effect,
Any on Growth status it will not produce influence.
2014-2016 is tested in the experiment garden in 10 years fruit ages of Shaanxi Province Fufeng County, and the orchard tree vigo(u)r is healthy and strong, management
Excellent, ring spot, the dry rot incidence of disease are relatively low, are found through experiments that, thiram can be not only substituted using the clear garden agent, and
The incidence of disease of pest and disease damage is reduced to a certain extent, and fruit quality, productivity effect increase.Experimental result see the table below 1 He
Table 2：
Table 1
| The incidence of disease/% | Ring spot | Dry rot | Early defoliation disease | Powdery mildew | Mould worry |
| The clear garden agent of apple | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 3.7 |
| Compare (thiram) | 25 | 34 | 15 | 42 | 43.6 |
Table 2
| Times for spraying | Apple production/kg | Percent rate of high quality fruit/% | |
| The clear garden agent of apple | 7 | 3400 | 72.5 |
| Compare (thiram) | 9 (thiram) | 3000 | 68.3 |
Embodiment 2
1st, China tree extract, the preparation of oleander extract
China tree ripening fruits is collected, the seed that goes mouldy that rots is rejected, 14h is dried in 60 DEG C of baking ovens, every 2h agitations once, is taken
Through drying, pulverization process chinaberry seeds 100g (150 mesh) in stirring there-necked flask in, add 65v/v ethanol 1000ml,
Stirring extraction 6h at 70 DEG C, filtering to the ethanol 600ml that 65v/v is added in filter residue, is extracted 2 times, collected under identical condition
Three extracts, the recycling design under 55 DEG C/0.085KPa obtains 0.71g China tree extracts.
Wear gloves collection Leaf Blades of Nerium Indicum November, 8h is dried in 45 DEG C of baking oven, every 1h agitations once, learn from else's experience dry
Dry, pulverization process sweetscented oleander leaf (100 mesh) 100g adds 50v/v ethanol in stirring, the three-necked flask of condenser
2000mL, return stirring extracts 5h, filtering, to the ethanol 800mL that 50v/v is added in filter residue, in same condition at 85 DEG C
Under, three extracts are collected in continuous extraction 2 times, and the recycling design under 50 DEG C/0.085KPa obtains 9.5g oleander extracts.
2nd, the preparation of the biological clear garden agent of apple garden
The preparation of the biological clear garden agent of apple garden：
Take the biological clear garden agent dichloromethane of 18% apple garden in the three-necked flask with stirring, be separately added into while stirring
3% China tree extract, 0.3% oleander extract, 0.4% glycerine and 0.03% castor oil, stir 60min at 40 DEG C, obtain
The oil phase of extract containing margosine, oleander extract.
58.57% deionized water is taken in three-necked flask, 20% T-20 is added while stirring, is stirred at 40 DEG C
60min, obtains the aqueous phase containing surfactant.
Take the three-necked flask with stirring and two charge pipes in 50 DEG C of water-bath, one of charge pipe adds containing China tree
The oil phase of extract, oleander extract a, charge pipe adds the aqueous phase containing surfactant, in the case of stirring, simultaneously
It is slowly added into three-necked flask, (280r/min) is quickly stirred during charging, waits after the completion of charging, mix slowly (50r/min)
30min, obtains the clear garden agent of milky supernatant liquid, i.e. apple garden, its stability, frost resistance, cloud point can reach national agriculture
Medicine standard.
3rd, use
Winter pest and disease damage is in incubation period, and most Apple Pests exist in the form of ovum, and most apple germs are with spore
Form is present, and vitality is weaker, more sensitive to agricultural chemicals.Old orchard or the high fruit of the rot incidence of disease for more than 20 years
Garden, 1 is sprayed behind apple trimming, clear garden：The 1000 clear garden agent of apple garden (tree body and ground), for indivedual rot trees most
Spray 2 times well.
Tested in Shaanxi plain boiled water Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ＆ Forest Science ＆ Technology (10 years) apple orchard within -2016 years 2015, in trimming, clearly
The same day in garden, according to 1：1500 dosage carry out spray processing to tree body, ground, to tree body otch (trimming, big) according to 1：1000
Dosage is sprayed (general to spray 2 times) to otch, then is wrapped up with plastic cloth.Experimental result see the table below 3 and table 4：
Table 3
| The incidence of disease/% | Ring spot | Dry rot | Early defoliation disease | Powdery mildew | Mould worry |
| The clear garden agent of apple | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 3.7 |
| Compare (thiram) | 20 | 32 | 10 | 42 | 43.6 |
Table 4
| Times for spraying | Apple production/kg | Percent rate of high quality fruit/% | |
| The clear garden agent of apple | 8 | 3500 | 71 |
| Compare (thiram) | 9 | 3200 | 68 |
Embodiment 3
1st, China tree extract, the preparation of oleander extract
China tree ripening fruits is collected, the seed that goes mouldy that rots is rejected, 14h is dried in 55 DEG C of baking ovens, every 2h agitations once, is taken
Through drying, pulverization process chinaberry seeds 100g (200 mesh) in stirring there-necked flask in, add 70v/v ethanol 1200ml,
Stirring extraction 8h at 65 DEG C, filtering to the ethanol 700ml that 65v/v is added in filter residue, is extracted 2 times, collected under identical condition
Three extracts, the recycling design under 55 DEG C/0.085KPa obtains 0.72g China tree extracts.
Wear gloves collection Leaf Blades of Nerium Indicum (oleander toxicity is larger) November, 8h is dried in 50 DEG C of baking oven, every
1h is stirred once, learn from else's experience dry, sweetscented oleander leaf (150 mesh) 100g of pulverization process is stirred in band, in the three-necked flask of condenser,
50v/v ethanol 2000mL is added, return stirring extracts 5h, filtering, to the ethanol that 50v/v is added in filter residue at 85 DEG C
800mL, under identical condition, continuous extraction 2 times collect three extracts, and the recycling design under 50 DEG C/0.085KPa is obtained
To 9.52g oleander extracts.
2nd, the preparation of the biological clear garden agent of apple garden
First China tree, oleander extract are added in ethyl acetate in the case of stirring, one is added after almost dissolving
Quantitative ethanol promotes dissolving.
The preparation of the biological clear garden agent of apple garden：
12% ethyl acetate is taken in the three-necked flask with stirring, be separately added into while stirring 3.5% China tree extract,
0.3% oleander extract, is sufficiently stirred for, and treats that China tree, oleander extract are dissolved substantially, adds 6% ethanol, stirring is extremely
China tree, oleander extract are completely dissolved.Again to 0.4% glycerine and 0.03% formaldehyde is wherein added, stirred at 40 DEG C
60min, obtains extract containing margosine, the oil phase of oleander extract.
59.77% deionized water is taken in three-necked flask, 10%T-20 is added while stirring, 8%T-40 is stirred at 40 DEG C
60min is mixed, the aqueous phase containing surfactant is obtained.
Take the three-necked flask with stirring and two charge pipes in 50 DEG C of water-bath, one of charge pipe adds containing China tree
The oil phase of extract, oleander extract a, charge pipe adds the aqueous phase containing surfactant, in the case of stirring, simultaneously
It is slowly added into three-necked flask, (280r/min) is quickly stirred during charging, waits after the completion of charging, mix slowly (50r/min)
30min, obtains the clear garden agent of milky supernatant liquid, i.e. apple garden, its stability, frost resistance, cloud point can reach national agriculture
Medicine standard.
3rd, use
Winter pest and disease damage is in incubation period, and most Apple Pests exist in the form of ovum, and most apple germs are with spore
Form is present, and vitality is weaker, more sensitive to agricultural chemicals.Old orchard or the high fruit of the rot incidence of disease for more than 20 years
Garden, 1 is sprayed behind apple trimming, clear garden：The 1000 clear garden agent of apple garden (tree body and ground), for indivedual rot trees most
Spray 2 times well.
Rot or the lighter new orchard of rot did not occurred for 10 years or so, was sprayed behind apple trimming, clear garden
1：The 1500 clear garden agent of apple garden (tree body and ground).The clear garden agent spray concentration of apple garden is big to prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control effect
It is good, any on Growth status it will not produce influence.
It is found through experiments that, with reference to the biological clear garden agent (1 of trimming, clear garden, spray apple garden of the invention：1000-1：1500
Dilution proportion), canker of apple fruit, ring spot, anthraenose are decreased obviously compared with control group, and fruit quality, percent rate of high quality fruit also increase.
The biological clear garden agent of the apple garden of the present invention 5-10 did not occurred (or slight) rot, the orchard of ring spot
Effect is better than using thiram, lime sulfur, and can increase apple production.
The biological clear garden agent of the apple garden of the present invention is serious to rot, ring spot, and the old orchard effect of more than 20 years is not
Clearly.Such as to get a desired effect, it is necessary to increase the concentration and dosage of the clear garden agent.
2014-2016 is tested in the old apple orchard in Shaanxi Qishan County 20, trimming, the 3rd day of clear garden, according to 1：
1000 dosage carry out spray processing to tree body, ground, to tree body otch (trimming, big) according to 1：1000 dosage spray to otch
(general to spray 2 times) is spilt, then is wrapped up with plastic cloth.Experimental result see the table below 5 and table 6：
Table 5
| The incidence of disease/% | Ring spot | Dry rot | Early defoliation disease | Powdery mildew | Mould worry |
| The clear garden agent of apple | 10 | 12 | 5 | 15 | 18.7 |
| Compare (lime sulfur) | 46 | 52 | 35 | 50 | 63.6 |
Table 6
| Times for spraying | Apple production/kg | Percent rate of high quality fruit/% | |
| The clear garden agent of apple | 9 | 3200 | 65 |
| Compare (lime sulfur) | 9 | 2800 | 60 |
Embodiment 4
1st, China tree extract, the preparation of oleander extract
China tree ripening fruits is collected, the seed that goes mouldy that rots is rejected, 12h is dried in 60 DEG C of baking ovens, every 2h agitations once, is taken
Through drying, pulverization process chinaberry seeds 100g (200 mesh) in stirring there-necked flask in, add 65v/v ethanol 1100ml,
Stirring extraction 7h at 65 DEG C, filtering to the ethanol 700ml that 65v/v is added in filter residue, is extracted 2 times, collected under identical condition
Three extracts, the recycling design under 55 DEG C/0.085KPa obtains 0.713g China tree extracts.
Wear gloves collection Leaf Blades of Nerium Indicum (oleander toxicity is larger) November, 9h is dried in 45 DEG C of baking oven, every
1h is stirred once, learn from else's experience dry, sweetscented oleander leaf (150 mesh) 100g of pulverization process is stirred in band, in the three-necked flask of condenser,
50v/v ethanol 1800mL is added, return stirring extracts 6h, filtering, to the ethanol that 50v/v is added in filter residue at 85 DEG C
800mL, under identical condition, continuous extraction 2 times collect three extracts, and the recycling design under 50 DEG C/0.085KPa is obtained
To 9.50g oleander extracts.
2nd, the preparation of the biological clear garden agent of apple garden
By mass percentage, take：
First China tree, oleander extract are added in dichloromethane in the case of stirring, a certain amount of acetic acid is added
Ethyl ester extremely dissolves.
The preparation of the biological clear garden agent of apple garden：
5% dichloromethane is taken in the three-necked flask with stirring, be separately added into while stirring 3% China tree extract,
0.3% oleander extract, is sufficiently stirred for, and adds 10% ethanol, and stirring to China tree, oleander extract is completely dissolved.
Again to 0.4% glycerine and 0.03% castor oil is wherein added, 60min is stirred at 40 DEG C, extract containing margosine, oleander is obtained
The oil phase of extract.
Take 63.27% deionized water in three-necked flask, 12%OP-10,6%OP-30 (alkyl phenols are added while stirring
With ethylene oxide condensate) 60min is stirred at 40 DEG C, obtain the aqueous phase containing surfactant.
Take the three-necked flask with stirring and two charge pipes in 50 DEG C of water-bath, one of charge pipe adds containing China tree
The oil phase of extract, oleander extract a, charge pipe adds the aqueous phase containing surfactant, in the case of stirring, simultaneously
It is slowly added into three-necked flask, (280r/min) is quickly stirred during charging, waits after the completion of charging, mix slowly (50r/min)
30min, obtains the clear garden agent of milky supernatant liquid, i.e. apple garden, its stability, frost resistance, cloud point can reach national agriculture
Medicine standard.
3rd, use
Winter pest and disease damage is in incubation period, and most Apple Pests exist in the form of ovum, and most apple germs are with spore
Form is present, and vitality is weaker, more sensitive to agricultural chemicals.Old orchard or the high fruit of the rot incidence of disease for more than 20 years
Garden, 1 is sprayed behind apple trimming, clear garden：The 1000 clear garden agent of apple garden (tree body and ground), for indivedual rot trees most
Spray 2 times well.
Rot or the lighter new orchard of rot did not occurred for 10 years or so, was sprayed behind apple trimming, clear garden
1：The 1500 clear garden agent of apple garden (tree body and ground).The clear garden agent spray concentration of apple garden is big to prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control effect
It is good, any on Growth status it will not produce influence.
2014-2016 is tested in Shaanxi Liquan County to the apple orchard in 4 years fruit ages, and experimental result see the table below 7 and table
8：
Table 7
| The incidence of disease/% | Ring spot | Dry rot | Early defoliation disease | Powdery mildew | Mould worry |
| The clear garden agent of apple | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Compare (thiram) | 5 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 4 |
Table 8
| Times for spraying | Apple production/kg | Percent rate of high quality fruit/% | |
| The clear garden agent of apple | 8 | 1000 | 51.2 |
| Compare (thiram) | 9 | 800 | 43.8 |
In summary, the present invention is using China tree extract, oleander extract as primary raw material, by compounding blending technology system
For the clear garden agent in leathercoat orchard is used for, with reference to the clear garden of winter physics, reaches pest control, kill the purpose of germ.Winter
Season most of insects, germ with hidden in the form of worm's ovum, spore apple tree deadwood, fallen leaves in, vital movement extremely Microsoft,
While deadwood, fallen leaves is wiped out, apple orchard pest and disease damage can then be eliminated/reduced to sprinkling margosine, the confection of oleander
Quantity, to prevent and treat canker of apple fruit, ring spot, anthracnose, early defoliation disease, rotten worry play the role of it is fairly obvious, to reducing
Tetranychid, small heart-eating peach worm, oriental fruit months, apple lane leaf moth have positive meaning to apple harm.
The present invention's is advantageous in that：
1st, aqua is made in China tree extract, oleander extract, is easy to use, overcomes using neem oil as Biocidal
Agent, hardly possible emulsification, dosage big shortcoming when using.
2nd, oleander is a kind of green tree species, and its toxicity is larger, if be directly used in during apple production, may be right
Human body (eater) produces toxicity, and is used for the clear garden agent of apple garden, the pest and disease damage in apple tree, soil can only be produced and killed
The effect of going out, and influence is not produced on eater (people).
3rd, the incidence of disease of apple production pest and disease damage is substantially reduced, the access times and usage amount of agricultural chemicals is reduced, reduces apple
Production cost, improve fruit quality and productivity effect.
4th, the special clear garden agent of apple is prepared first, and in terms of using effect, especially to canker of apple fruit, (rot is to apple
Destructive disease for production) generation in terms of, alternative traditional clear garden agent of apple (asomate, sulphur), Fu Mei
Arsine is a kind of chemical pesticide containing arsenic, is likely to result in arsenic content overproof in apple, realizes the safety in production of apple.
Used when the 5th, preparing in the case of stirring, while adding oil phase and aqueous phase, emulsifying effectiveness, stability are better than oil
It is added to aqueous phase or aqueous phase is added into oil phase.
Claims (10)
1. the biological clear garden agent of a kind of apple garden, it is characterised in that by percentage to the quality, including：
2. the biological clear garden agent of apple garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the China tree extract is by following
Method is made：
China tree ripening fruits is collected, decayed fruit is rejected, 12~16h is dried in 50~60 DEG C of baking oven, one is stirred every 2h
It is secondary, obtain dry Fruit of Melia azedarach Linn；
Dry Fruit of Melia azedarach Linn is taken, the particle that granularity is 150~200 mesh is crushed to, then by 1g：(10~12) mL solid-liquid ratio,
The ethanol that volume fraction is 60%~70% is added, 6~8h of stirring extraction, filtering, collect filtrate and filter residue at 60~70 DEG C；
By 1g：(6~8) mL solid-liquid ratio, is added into filter residue at the ethanol that volume fraction is 60%~70%, 60~70 DEG C,
Filtrate and filter residue are collected in stirring 6~8h of extraction, filtering；
By 1g：(6~8) mL solid-liquid ratio, is added into filter residue at the ethanol that volume fraction is 60%~70%, 60~70 DEG C,
Filtrate is collected in stirring 6~8h of extraction, filtering；
The filtrate that merging is three times, at 45~55 DEG C, is concentrated in vacuo recycling design, obtains China tree under conditions of 0.085~0.09KPa
Extract.
3. the biological clear garden agent of apple garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the oleander extract be by with
Lower section method is made：
Oleander mature leaf is gathered, 8~10h is dried in 40~50 DEG C of baking oven, every 1h agitations once, drying is obtained
Sweetscented oleander leaf, takes dry sweetscented oleander leaf to be crushed to 100~150 mesh, by 1g：(15~20) mL solid-liquid ratio, adds volume integral
Number is 40%~55% ethanol, and 5~6h of stirring extraction, filtering, collect filter residue and filtrate at 80~90 DEG C；
By 1g：(8~10) mL solid-liquid ratio, is added into filter residue at the ethanol that volume fraction is 40%~55%, 80~90 DEG C
Filtrate and filter residue are collected in stirring 5~6h of extraction, filtering；
By 1g：(6~8) mL solid-liquid ratio, adds into filter residue and is stirred at the ethanol that volume fraction is 40%~55%, 80~90 DEG C
5~6h of extraction is mixed, is filtered, filtrate is collected；
The filtrate that merging is three times, at 45~55 DEG C, is concentrated in vacuo recycling design under conditions of 0.085~0.09KPa, obtain pressing from both sides bamboo
Peach extract.
4. the biological clear garden agent of apple garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the organic solvent is methanol, second
One or both of alcohol, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane.
5. the biological clear garden agent of apple garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that surfactant is polyoxyethylene alkane
Aryl phenols, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol class, sorbierite alkoxide, EO/PO induced by alkyl hydroxybenzene, EO/PO castor-oil plants oils and polyethylene glycol
One or both of octyl phenyl ether.
6. the biological clear garden agent of apple garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol, propane diols
One or both of and glycerine.
7. the biological clear garden agent of apple garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that synergist be formaldehyde, castor oil and
One or both of Butacide PBO.
8. the preparation method of the biological clear garden agent of apple garden in claim 1~7 described in any one, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps：
1) under agitation, into organic solvent, China tree extract, oleander extract, antifreezing agent and synergist are added,
Stir to China tree extract, oleander extract and be completely dissolved at 40~50 DEG C, preparation obtains oil phase；
2) add surfactant while stirring in deionized water, at 40~50 DEG C stir 30~60min, be made containing
The aqueous phase of surfactant；
3) under agitation, aqueous phase and oil phase are mixed, are sufficiently mixed, the biological clear garden agent of apple garden is obtained.
9. the preparation method of the biological clear garden agent of apple garden according to claim 8, it is characterised in that step 3) specific behaviour
As：
The reaction vessel with stirring and two charge pipes is taken in 40~50 DEG C of water-bath, one of charge pipe oiling phase,
One charge pipe adds water phase, under agitation, while adding oil phase and aqueous phase, is stirred during charging with 250-300r/min rotating speed
Mix, wait after the completion of charging, continue to stir 20~30min with 30~50r/min rotating speed, milky supernatant liquid, i.e. apple is made
The biological clear garden agent in fruit orchard.
10. the application method of the biological clear garden agent of apple garden in claim 1~7 described in any one, it is characterised in that will
The biological clear garden dilution agent of apple garden is into 1000~1500 times, and apple tree-pruning in the winter time is completed, and removes rotten branch in apple orchard and falls
The sprinkling of the same day or second day after leaf, sprinkling includes apple tree and ground.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN109526998A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-29 | 宜宾云辰乔木园林有限责任公司 | Prevent and treat pharmaceutical composition of the rotten skin of trees and its preparation method and application, the prevention and treatment rotten skin method of trees |
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