CN107012381B - 一种提高3d打印17-4ph不锈钢屈服强度的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种提高3D打印17‑4PH不锈钢屈服强度的方法。采用粉末增材技术制备17‑4PH不锈钢时由于残余奥氏体较多造成其屈服强度低，本发明通过在17‑4PH粉末中添加适量TiB2颗粒，并通过球磨使之附着在粉末颗粒的表面，采用氮气氛进行保护，在打印过程中TiB2与激光作用并熔化分解成Ti元素和B元素，Ti元素与氮气氛反应生成TiN颗粒，生成的TiN一方面可以作为形核剂起到细化晶粒的作用，另外一方面可以作为第二相进行弥散强化，而分解产生的B元素则部分固溶到基体中可以提高钢的淬透性，减少残余奥氏体的含量，三者的综合作用最终可以将屈服强度由目前的500‑600MPa提高到1000MPa以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料领域，涉及一种提高3D打印17-4PH不锈钢屈服强度的方法。
背景技术
17-4PH不锈钢属于沉淀硬化不锈钢，具有高的强度，优异的耐腐蚀性能，已广泛应用于石油石化领域。粉末增材制造即3D打印技术基于数字模型，通过逐层熔化和堆积的方式来构造三维实体，在任意复杂形状金属零部件的直接成形上有极大的潜力。该技术将引发产品设计、制造工艺、制造装备、材料制备、乃至整个传统制造业的深刻变革，受到世界各国的极大关注并得到快速发展。根据原材料和送粉方式的不同，目前3D打印技术主要包括粉末床激光3D打印技术、激光送粉堆积技术以及电子束激光堆积技术。对于3D打印技术制备17-4PH不锈钢材料国内外已有相关的报道，所采用的打印方法包括粉末床打印和激光送粉堆积两种方法，但是从报道的性能看，不管采用那种打印方法，其屈服强度都很低，基本在540MPa-590MPa范围内，远低于锻件水平及标准要求值，因此如何提高3D打印17-4PH不锈钢的屈服强度满足标准要求是其获得应用的关键。
发明内容
本发明目的是为了提高3D打印17-4PH不锈钢的屈服强度，满足17-4PH不锈钢屈服强度标准值的要求。
本发明提出了一种提高3D打印17-4PH不锈钢屈服强度的方法，3D打印方式分为粉末床打印和送粉式堆积打印两种，打印前17-4PH粉末中添加适量TiB2颗粒，并通过球磨使之附着在17-4PH不锈钢粉末的表面，然后进行打印制备。TiB2的加入量控制在总质量的3％到10％范围内，TiB2的粒度控制在5微米以下，球磨的转速为160-300转/分钟，球磨时间30-60分钟。
3D打印过程中采用氮气气氛，在打印过程中，TiB2熔化分解成Ti元素和B元素，Ti元素与氮气氛反应生成TiN颗粒，生成的TiN一方面可以作为形核剂起到细化晶粒的作用，另外一方面可以作为第二相进行弥散强化，而分解产生的B元素则部分固溶到基体中可以提高钢的淬透性，减少残余奥氏体的含量，从而最终大幅度提高材料的屈服强度。
进一步的，17-4PH粉末的粒度根据打印方式的不同进行选择，对于送粉式堆积打印粒度控制在30-80微米范围内，打印过程采用氮气氛保护，激光功率控制在700-1000W，扫描速度控制在700-850mm/min,激光光斑直径控制在1-1.5mm，送粉速率5-10g/min。
对于粉床式激光打印，打印粒度控制在50微米以下，气氛采用氮气气氛，激光功率控制在200-250W范围内，扫描速度700-730mm/s，激光直径100μm。
采用上述参数制备的17-4PH不锈钢的屈服强度达到1000MPa以上，较现有报道值提高近一倍，进一步时效处理后其值会进一步增加。
本发明的优点在于，(1)采用球磨工艺并控制球磨工艺参数使得TiB2颗粒能够附着在17-4PH粉末的表面，同时不影响粉末的球形度，这样在铺粉或送粉过程中二者不容易分离；(2)采用TiB2颗粒并采用氮气氛，通过控制激光功率能够使TiB2熔化分解，产生的Ti与N反应生成TiN可以细化晶粒，同时起到第二相强化的作用，分解产生的B能够提高钢的淬透性，减少残余奥氏体的含量，通过三种强化方式的综合作用最终可以大幅度提高屈服强度。
附图说明：
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式:
(1)采用粉床式激光打印添加5wt％TiB2的17-4PH不锈钢首先选用气雾化17-4PH不锈钢粉末，粒度小于50μm，采用粒度小于5μm的TiB2颗粒，TiB2的比例为5wt％,二者的总重量为5kg，然后进行球磨。球磨过程中球料比为5：1，转速为160转/min,球磨时间60min，这时TiB2颗粒可以均匀地附着在17-4PH不锈钢粉末的表面，然后置于粉床式激光打印机中进行打印，打印气氛采用氮气氛，激光功率250W，扫描速度730mm/s，激光斑点直径100μm，打印尺寸50mm(长)×50mm(宽)×30mm(高)，每层铺粉厚度60μm，层与层之间角度为60°，基板温度保持在100℃以下。打印完成后取样进行力学性能检测，屈服强度达到1180MPa，较目前不添加TiB2颗粒的17-4PH不锈钢的屈服强度提高一倍。
(2)采用送粉堆积式打印添加3wt％TiB2的17-4PH不锈钢首先选用气雾化17-4PH不锈钢粉末，粒度30-80微米，采用粒度小于5μm的TiB2颗粒，TiB2的比例为3wt％,二者的总重量为5kg，然后进行球磨。球磨过程中球料比为5：1，转速为300转/min,球磨时间30min，这时TiB2颗粒可以均匀地附着在17-4PH不锈钢粉末的表面，然后置于送粉式激光打印机中进行打印，打印过程中采用氮气氛进行保护，激光功率700W，扫描速度700mm/min，激光斑点直径1mm，打印尺寸60mm(长)×60mm(宽)×30mm(高)，每层铺粉厚度0.3mm，层与层之间角度为60°，送粉速率8g/min，基板温度保持在100℃以下。打印完成后取样进行力学性能检测，屈服强度达到1054MPa，较目前不添加TiB2颗粒的17-4PH不锈钢的屈服强度提高近一倍。
Claims (3)
1.一种提高3D打印17-4PH不锈钢屈服强度的方法，其特征在于3D打印方式分为粉床式激光打印和送粉式堆积打印两种，打印前17-4PH不锈钢粉末中添加适量TiB2颗粒，并通过球磨使之附着在17-4PH不锈钢粉末的表面，然后进行打印制备；TiB2的加入量控制在总质量的3％到10％范围内，TiB2的粒度控制在5微米以下，球磨的转速为160-300转/分钟，球磨时间30-60分钟；
3D打印过程中采用氮气气氛，在打印过程中，TiB2熔化分解成Ti元素和B元素，Ti元素与氮气氛反应生成TiN颗粒，生成的TiN一方面作为形核剂起到细化晶粒的作用，另外一方面作为第二相进行弥散强化，而分解产生的B元素则部分固溶到基体中可以提高钢的淬透性，减少残余奥氏体的含量，从而最终大幅度提高材料的屈服强度。
2.据权利要求1所述一种提高3D打印17-4PH不锈钢屈服强度的方法，其特征在于对于送粉式堆积打印方式，打印粒度控制在30-80微米范围内，打印过程采用氮气气氛保护，激光功率控制在700-1000W，扫描速度控制在700-850mm/min,激光光斑直径控制在1-1.5mm，送粉速率5-10g/min。
3.据权利要求1所述一种提高3D打印17-4PH不锈钢屈服强度的方法，其特征在于对于粉床式激光打印方式，打印粒度控制在50微米以下，气氛采用氮气气氛，激光功率控制在200-250W范围内，扫描速度700-730mm/s，激光直径100μm。
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| CN109317673B (zh) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-05-01 | 江苏大学 | 一种激光增材制造装置和方法 |
| CN109382515B (zh) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-09 | 华中科技大学 | 一种减小铁合金激光増材制造中变形的方法 |
| CN110666155B (zh) * | 2019-10-17 | 2022-02-08 | 中北大学 | 一种利用废旧316l不锈钢粉制备3d打印用金属基复合粉的方法 |
| CN111118272B (zh) * | 2020-02-12 | 2022-01-04 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | 高性能17-4ph不锈钢材料及其高压热处理方法、制造方法与应用 |
| CN111230115A (zh) | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种微米银颗粒增强316l不锈钢基复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| CN113059153A (zh) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-02 | 湖南大学 | 一种奥氏体不锈钢及其激光增材制备方法 |
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