CN107007720A - 一种黑膏药及其制备工艺和应用 - Google Patents
一种黑膏药及其制备工艺和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107007720A CN107007720A CN201710247913.7A CN201710247913A CN107007720A CN 107007720 A CN107007720 A CN 107007720A CN 201710247913 A CN201710247913 A CN 201710247913A CN 107007720 A CN107007720 A CN 107007720A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黑膏药及其制备工艺和应用。该黑膏药由44味中药和所述的工艺制备而成,该膏药外用效果显著,其机理为药物作用于患部,直接发挥药物的通经走络、行滞祛瘀、祛风散寒,开窍透骨的功能,对顽固不化的风湿、类风湿性关节炎、痛风性关节炎、腰间盘突出、坐骨神经痛、骨质增生、颈椎病、肩周炎、跌打损伤、面神经瘫痪、乳腺炎及痛经具有良好的治疗效果,且吸收好、见效快、疗程短、治愈率高。本发明还公开了一种黑膏药的制备工艺,采用水浸法、酒精法及冷藏法相结合的工艺操作浸泡膏药基质去火毒更彻底,有效降低膏药对人体皮肤表面所产生的刺激性和过敏反应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药制剂技术领域,特别是涉及一种膏药及其制备工艺和应用。
背景技术
黑膏药是祖国中医药疗法传统剂型之一,被列入中医五大剂型之首,属中医外治法的一种,利用膏药贴治疾病,在我国已有上千年的历史,在临床上具有其独特的疗效一直沿用至今。其药性直接“从毛孔而入腠理”不刺激肠胃,避免肝肾的损害,使用方便、药效持久、疗效确切、适应症广泛等优点,目前已广泛应用于内、外、妇、儿各科,并取得了可喜成就。
传统黑膏药是将备制的药物用植物油浸法煎熬,一般是先浸泡三至七天,再炼至药物发枯发黑,来提取有效成分。植物油为亲脂性溶剂,极性很小,依据相似者相溶的原理,只有极性很小的一类成分才可能被植物油提取出来,而中药中相当多的效果成分,如生物碱、有机酸、皂苷、黄酮苷、多糖类等极性较大,很难被亲脂性的食用油煎炸提取完全。其次高温(通常都在220℃~320℃左右)长时间的油炸使药油在高温条件下氧化、聚合、增稠以适应制膏要求,对有药物有效成分的破坏较严重,既浪费药材,又影响疗效。亦有将药材粉碎过筛后兑入膏药基质中,这样虽可使药材有效成分不被破坏或流失,但大部分药物的有效成分仍存在于木质纤维细胞中,无疑会延长药物有效成分从纤维细胞中释放出来并透过皮肤产生疗效的过程,从而降低了药物的吸收和疗效。故应结合临床和现代药效学等对传统黑膏药制作工艺进行改进,避免传统膏药制备工艺的许多不科学之处,最大限度发挥其应有疗效。
传统工艺制备的膏药基本都采用喷水法、水炸法或浸入冷水去“火毒”,其中浸入冷水即浸水法去火毒为历来常规方法;“火毒”亦可视为高温熬炼膏药后产生的“燥性”,现代药理研究认为,“火毒”就是植物油与丹在高温氧化分解过程中产生的具有刺激性的低级分解物,如:酮、醛、低级脂肪酸等,部分能溶于水,上述方法去火毒并不彻底;当膏药作用于皮肤表面会对局部产生刺激,轻者出现红斑、瘙痒,重者皮肤起水泡、溃疡等副作用。因此打破黑膏药传统制作工艺势在必行,只有不断技术改革,改进制备工艺,才能给中国古老传统剂型注入新的活力,以此更好的为人类健康服务。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种黑膏药及其制备工艺和应用。本发明以家传秘方为基础,结合现代中医理论与多年临床实践,融入现代科技结合而形成的新的制备工艺和剂型,其临床疗效更确切,药效更持久,副作用更小;与传统膏药相比,在透皮吸收率、生物利用度、提高药效等方面均优于传统方法制备的黑膏药。
一种黑膏药,由以下重量份配比的原料制成:艾叶148-152份、制川乌123-127份、制草乌123-127份、梅花入骨丹148-152份、威灵仙148-152份、僵蚕148-152份、全蝎98-102份、蜈蚣59-61份、透骨草148-152份、老鹳草148-152份、丢了棒148-152份、桂枝148-152份、七层楼98-102份、补骨脂98-102份、肉桂148-152份、羌活123-127份、独活123-127份、防风98-102份、大血藤123-127份、细辛148-152份、油松节123-127份、狗脊148-152份、牛膝148-152份、蒿本148-152份、苏木148-152份、骨碎补98-102份、鹿衔草123-127份、夜交藤148-152份、鸡血藤148-152份、黑风藤148-152份、秦艽98-102份、穿山龙98-102份、蛇床子148-152份、紫金牛148-152份、淫羊藿148-152份、白芷148-152份、肿节风123-127份、防已123-127份、白头翁148-152份、生乳香148-152份、生没药148-152份、白胡椒98-102份、冰片49-51份、自然铜123-127份。
优选的,本发明所述的黑膏药,由以下重量份配比的原料制成:艾叶150份、制川乌125份、制草乌125份、梅花入骨丹150份、威灵仙150份、僵蚕150份、全蝎100份、蜈蚣60份、透骨草150份、老鹳草150份、丢了棒150份、桂枝150份、七层楼100份、补骨脂100份、肉桂150份、羌活125份、独活125份、防风100份、大血藤125份、细辛150份、油松节125份、狗脊150份、牛膝150份、蒿本150份、苏木150份、骨碎补100份、鹿衔草125份、夜交藤150份、鸡血藤150份、黑风藤150份、秦艽100份、穿山龙100份、蛇床子150份、紫金牛150份、淫羊藿150份、白芷150份、肿节风125份、防已125份、白头翁150份、生乳香150份、生没药150份、白胡椒100份、冰片50份、自然铜125份。
一种黑膏药的制备工艺,采用水煎法单独提取处方中药的有效成分,熬成浓缩稠膏后置入电热恒温干燥箱中于70℃~80℃温度下烘干,研磨成150目浓缩细粉后,按照一定比例兑入膏药基质中。
本发明所述的黑膏药的制备工艺,其中所述浓缩细粉和膏药基质的重量比为1:30。
进一步的,本发明所述的黑膏药的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)水煎法提取中药的有效成分,是将处方中的药物置于锅内加水适量,反复煎煮两次,残滓压榨,最后将两次煎汁及压榨汁合并,用100目筛过滤,置于锅内熬成浓缩稠膏,最后将浓缩膏置入电热恒温干燥箱中于70℃~80℃温度下烘干,再将其研磨成150目细粉备用;
(2)将麻油熬炼至“滴水成珠”,320℃时加丹制成膏药基质,采用水浸法、酒精法及冷藏法相结合的工艺操作去火毒后,取30重量份的基质置锅内文火加热溶化,其温度保持在60-70℃,避免产生新的火毒;兑入步骤(1)中提取的1重量份浓缩细粉或细药搅拌均匀,去尽水气后离火,即得。
采用本发明所述的黑膏药制备工艺制备本发明所述的黑膏药,包括以下步骤:
(1)按组方重量配比称取药材备用;
(2)将生乳香、生没药、白胡椒、冰片、自然铜5味药材研磨成细粉混合均匀过150目筛,制成混合粉A备用;
(3)将除生乳香、生没药、白胡椒、冰片、自然铜5味药材以外的中药加水煎药2次提取合并药汁浓缩膏状,置入电热恒温干燥箱中烘干并研磨成150目细粉,与混合A粉搅拌均匀,制成混合粉B备用;
(4)炼油下丹制成黑膏药基质,采用水浸法、酒精法及冷藏法相结合的工艺操作去火毒;
(5)选取一定比例的提纯中药混合粉B与一定比例膏药基质,热熔膏药基质后兑入混合粉B搅拌均匀即成;其中,提纯中药混合粉B与膏药基质的重量比为1:30。
本发明所述的黑膏药在治疗风湿及类风湿性关节炎、痛风性关节炎、骨质增生、腰间盘突出、坐骨神经痛、颈椎病、肩周炎、跌打损伤、面神经瘫痪、乳腺炎及痛经中的应用。
本发明的黑膏药制备工艺同传统制备工艺相比,其突出效果在于:
(1)改进了传统膏药制作过程中药材有效成分的提取工艺,杜绝高温油炸焦化对药物有效成分产生的破坏性;采用水煎法提纯中药,既提高了药物浓度又保持有效成分不被高温破坏分解,从而提高了药效和疗效。
(2)改进了传统膏药制作工艺。在常规方法去火毒时,需冷水浸泡3-7天或更长时间,并每天更换新水,本发明杜绝了膏药因长时间浸水而使膏体中部分药物有效成分溶于水中造成的药物流失;采用本发明的制备工艺提纯后再兑入去除火毒后的膏药基质中,使得制备的膏药更具科学性、合理性。临床试验证实采用水浸法、酒精法及冷藏法相结合的工艺操作去火毒更有效、更彻底,亦可将高温条件下熬炼时氧化分解的有害物质溶于水和酒精,较之传统单一喷水法、水炸法或水浸法去火毒更理想,大大降低了贴敷膏药对人体皮肤的刺激性和过敏反应。
(3)本发明可以根据治疗疾病的不同,形成不同的最终膏药剂型,利于拓宽临床治疗范围;在提高传统膏药的药效、改善药物的稳定性方面,与传统黑膏药制备工艺相比更具科学性和合理性。
本发明的黑膏药与传统膏药相比,其突出效果在于:
(1)采用上述本发明制备工艺熬制的膏药,在中药配方一致的基础上,避免了配方中药材高温碳化条件下药理性质、生物活性物质被高温破坏,药物的利用度大大挺高,使黑膏药的治疗疗效进一步提升。
(2)在中药配方一致的基础上,传统膏药制作工艺在常规去火毒时,需冷水浸泡3-7天或更长时间,并每天更换新水,膏药与水长时间接触而使部分药物有效成分的流失,而本发明制备的膏药中药物有效成分得到了充分保留,使黑膏药的治疗疗效进一步提升。
(3)采用水浸法、酒精法及冷藏法相结合的工艺操作去火毒相比传统方法更为有效,杜绝了不良反应的发生,使用更安全。
(4)本发明制备工艺在提高传统膏药的药效、改善药物的稳定性方面,与传统制备工艺相比更据科学性和合理性;该膏药适用于多种疾病,特别是对顽固不化的风湿、类风湿性关节炎、痛风性关节炎、骨质增生、腰间盘突出、坐骨神经痛、颈椎病、肩周炎、跌打损伤、面神经瘫痪、乳腺炎及痛经具有良好的治疗效果,且吸收好、见效快、治愈率高,安全无副作用。
下面结合具体实施例及临床案例对本发明的黑膏药及其制备工艺和应用作进一步说明。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种黑膏药,由以下重量份配比的原料制成:艾叶148-152份、制川乌123-127份、制草乌123-127份、梅花入骨丹148-152份、威灵仙148-152份、僵蚕148-152份、全蝎98-102份、蜈蚣59-61份、透骨草148-152份、老鹳草148-152份、丢了棒148-152份、桂枝148-152份、七层楼98-102份、补骨脂98-102份、肉桂148-152份、羌活123-127份、独活123-127份、防风98-102份、大血藤123-127份、细辛148-152份、油松节123-127份、狗脊148-152份、牛膝148-152份、蒿本148-152份、苏木148-152份、骨碎补98-102份、鹿衔草123-127份、夜交藤148-152份、鸡血藤148-152份、黑风藤148-152份、秦艽98-102份、穿山龙98-102份、蛇床子148-152份、紫金牛148-152份、淫羊藿148-152份、白芷148-152份、肿节风123-127份、防已123-127份、白头翁148-152份、生乳香148-152份、生没药148-152份、白胡椒98-102份、冰片49-51份、自然铜123-127份。
实施例2
一种黑膏药的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)水煎法提取中药的有效成分,是将处方中的药物置于锅内加水适量,反复煎煮两次,残滓压榨,最后将两次煎汁及压榨汁合并,用100目筛过滤,置于锅内熬成浓缩稠膏,最后将浓缩膏置入电热恒温干燥箱中于70℃~80℃温度下烘干,再将其研磨成150目细粉备用;
(2)将麻油熬炼至“滴水成珠”,320℃时加丹制成膏药基质,将其分成若干段并用手将其拍成直径约20厘米,厚度1-1.5厘米薄饼状,使膏体与水或酒精能充分接触,浸入冷水中浸泡3天去并每天更换新水,再浸入浓度75%的医用酒精中1天,再放置于5-10℃下冷藏3天,去火毒后,取30重量份的基质置锅内文火加热溶化,其温度保持在60-70℃,避免产生新的火毒;兑入步骤(1)中提取的1重量份浓缩细粉或细药搅拌均匀,去尽水气后离火,即得。
实施例3
一种黑膏药,由以下原料最佳重量配比制成:艾叶150份、制川乌125份、制草乌125份、梅花入骨丹150份、威灵仙150份、僵蚕150份、全蝎100份、蜈蚣60份、透骨草150份、老鹳草150份、丢了棒150份、桂枝150份、七层楼100份、补骨脂100份、肉桂150份、羌活125份、独活125份、防风100份、大血藤125份、细辛150份、油松节125份、狗脊150份、牛膝150份、蒿本150份、苏木150份、骨碎补100份、鹿衔草125份、夜交藤150份、鸡血藤150份、黑风藤150份、秦艽100份、穿山龙100份、蛇床子150份、紫金牛150份、淫羊藿150份、白芷150份、肿节风125份、防已125份、白头翁150份、生乳香150份、生没药150份、白胡椒100份、冰片50份、自然铜125份。
本发明单味药方解:
艾叶:新温芳香,温通经络,逐寒温,止痛。
制川乌:祛风除湿,温经止痛。
制草乌:祛风、散寒、止痛。
梅花入骨丹:祛风除湿,活血止痛,健脾理气。
威灵仙:抗炎镇痛、解痉、抗菌、抗肿瘤、利胆、降血压、抗利尿。
僵蚕:祛风定惊,化痰散结。
全蝎:祛风止痉,通络止痛,攻毒散结。
蜈蚣:祛风止痉,通络止痛,攻毒散结。
透骨草:祛风除湿,舒筋活血,散瘀消肿。
老鹳草:祛风通络,活血,清热利湿。
丢了棒:祛风除湿,消肿止痛。
桂枝:温经通脉,助阳化气,散寒止痛。
七层楼:祛风化痰,活血止痛,解毒消肿。
补骨脂:补肾阳,固精缩尿,温脾止泻,纳气平喘
肉桂:补火助阳,引火归源,散寒止痛,温经通脉。
羌活:散表寒,祛风湿,利关节,止痛。
独活:祛风,胜湿,散寒,止痛。
防风:祛风解表,胜湿止痛,解痉,止痒。
大血藤:清热解毒,活血,祛风。
细辛:散寒祛风,止痛,温肺化饮,通窍。
油松节:祛风除湿,通络止痛,用于风寒湿痹,历节风痛,跌打伤痛。
狗脊:除风湿,健腰脚,利关节。
牛膝:补肝肾,强筋骨,活血通经,引火下行,利尿通淋。
蒿本:祛风散寒,除湿止痛。
苏木:行血,破瘀,消肿,止痛。
骨碎补:补肾强骨,续伤止痛,跌扑闪挫,筋骨折伤。
鹿衔草:祛风散寒,除湿消肿,舒筋活血。
夜交藤:养心,安神,通络,祛风。
鸡血藤:活血补血,调经止痛,舒筋活络。
黑风藤:祛风湿,通经络,活血调经。
秦艽:祛风湿,舒筋络,清虚热,利湿退黄。
穿山龙:祛风除湿,活血通络,止咳。
蛇床子:温肾壮阳,燥湿杀虫,祛风止痒。
紫金牛:止咳化痰,祛风解毒,活血止痛
淫羊藿:补肾阳,祛风除湿,强筋键骨。
白芷:祛风止痛,治风湿寒痹,腰背疼痛的作用。
肿节风:清热凉血,活血消斑,祛风通络。
防已:行水,泻下焦湿热。
白头翁:清热解毒,凉血止痢。
生乳香:活血行气止痛,消肿生肌。生没药:散瘀定痛,消肿生肌。
白胡椒:温中,下气,消痰,解毒。
冰片:芳香开窍,引药入里。
自然铜:散瘀止痛,接骨续筋。跌打损伤,筋断骨折,血瘀疼痛。
麻油:具有润肠通便、解毒生肌之功效。
章丹:止痛生肌,镇心安神,除热下气,金疮血溢。
黑膏药的制备方法为:
(1)将上述中药中的生乳香、生没药、白胡椒、冰片、自然铜5味药材混合均匀研磨成细粉过150目筛,制成混合粉A备用;将艾叶、制川乌、制草乌、梅花入骨丹、威灵仙、僵蚕、全蝎、蜈蚣、透骨草、老鹳草、丢了棒、桂枝、七层楼、补骨脂、肉桂、羌活、独活、防风、大血藤、细辛、油松节、狗脊、牛膝、蒿本、苏木、骨碎补、鹿衔草、夜交藤、鸡血藤、黑风藤、秦艽、穿山龙、蛇床子、紫金牛、淫羊藿、白芷、肿节风、防已、白头翁39味药材置于锅内,第一次水煎,药材与水的重量比为1:8,浸泡3-6小时,待药材充分吸水膨胀后,补水高出药料表面3-5寸即可,先文火徐徐加热,再改武火煮沸,然后再改文火慢煎1-2小时后过滤取药液;第二次残渣加水再煎,药材与水的重量比为1:6,加水量高出药料表面1-2寸或水与药料持平即可。如法煎煮第二次,煮至药材已透无硬心,煎液气味淡薄为度,过滤取煎液,残滓压榨,将两次煎液及压榨液合并,用100目筛过滤;取上合并药液置锅内,先以武火加热煮沸,待药汁转浓时改文火徐徐蒸发以浓缩药液,期间不断搅动,防止药液焦化,最后熬成浓缩稠膏如蜂蜜状,将浓缩膏置入电热恒温干燥箱内于70℃~80℃温度下烘干去尽水份,最后将其研磨成细粉过150目筛后与混合粉A搅拌均匀,称为混合粉B备用。
(2)按公知方式将麻油倒入锅中炼至“滴水成珠”下丹制成黑膏药基质;将其分成若干段并用手将其拍成直径约20厘米,厚度1-1.5厘米薄饼状,使膏体与水或酒精能充分接触,浸入冷水中浸泡3天去并每天更换新水,再浸入浓度75%的医用酒精中1天,再放置于5-10℃下冷藏3天,去火毒后,按提纯中药粉与膏药基质重量比为1:30的比例,称取一定重量份的膏药基质置入锅内,文火慢慢加热溶化(温度保持在60-70℃,避免产生新的火毒),然后加入一定重量的混合粉B迅速搅拌均匀,此时注意观察,如有气泡,即存水气,待泡沫完全消失时即以去尽水气,即可摊膏;所用裱褙材料以布质或牛皮纸为佳,可手工或机器均匀滩涂于裱褙上覆盖离型纸即得,每贴重20克,塑料袋密封包装,放置阴凉干燥处贮存。
黑膏药的使用方法:酒精擦拭清洁皮肤表面贴敷患处,每贴膏药可连续使用7-10天,3天后取下休息一天可再按上述方法重复使用一次,三贴为一个疗程,大部分患者1-3个疗程即可治愈。
临床病例1
张某某,女,61岁。自叙双腿膝关节炎骨质增生10余年,疼痛肿胀加重1年。近一年来由于过度活动,膝关节肿胀疼痛的已经影响正常生活,膝关节不能屈膝,到深秋或冬季天气寒冷时,关节疼痛愈加明显。经多方治疗2年未见明显效果。2012年10月采用实施例3制作的黑膏药进行贴敷,一个疗程后疼痛减轻,可以从事日常生活,连续贴敷4个疗程治愈,后来又贴一个疗程为巩固疗效,两年后电话回访至今未复发。
临床病例2
唐某,男,47岁。患腰椎间盘突出,压迫坐骨神经痛2年,走路困难,不能正常工作,2016年5月采用实施例3制作的黑膏药进行贴敷,治疗1个疗程后疼痛明显减轻,继续使用了2个疗程治愈,一年后电话回访至今未复发。
临床病例3
王某某,女,38岁。CT诊断为颈椎病,经常头晕、恶心1年多,且多处治疗效果不佳。2015年7月采用实施例3制作的黑膏药进行贴敷,治疗一个疗程,症状开始好转,连续使用3个疗程后临床治愈,为巩固疗效加贴了一个疗程,一年后电话回访至今未复发。
将实施例1和实施例3的黑膏药用于临床实践,总结如下:
经过5年中约1000例患者的临床使用,其中360例患者为风湿引起的腰间盘或腿部关节疼痛,311例为骨质增生,106例为颈椎疼,83例为坐骨神经痛,61例为腿关节处疼痛或肿胀或积水,79例为肢体麻木。其中年龄最大为71岁,年龄最小为22岁,男性患者为590名,女性患者为410名,使用本发明制备方法熬制的黑膏药连续使用5-7天,3贴为一个疗程。
其中386例患者一个疗程后临床治愈,有390例患者贴敷2个疗程后临床治愈,132例患者贴敷3个疗程临床治愈;78例患者贴敷后有没达到临床治愈但有效;还有14例患者效果不明显视为无效。综上所述总有效率为99.3%,总治愈率为95.4%。
为突出本发明的黑膏药及黑膏药制备工艺的有益效果,还进行了以下对比例试验。
对比例1
一种膏药,与实施例1相比,组成原料中缺少丢了棒、七层楼、大血藤。其余原料组成不变。
对比例2
一种膏药,与实施例1相比,组成原料中缺少油松节、黑风藤、肿节风。其余原料组成不变。
对比例3
一种膏药,与实施例1相比,组成原料中缺少丢了棒、七层楼、大血藤、油松节、黑风藤、肿节风、白头翁。其余原料组成不变。
对比例4
一种膏药,与实施例1相比,以下原料的重量比为:丢了棒50-100份,七层楼30-70份、大血藤40-90份、油松节40-90份、黑风藤50-100份、肿节风40-90份、白头翁50-100份。其余原料的组成配比相同。
对比例5
一种膏药的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)水煎法提取中药的有效成分,是将处方中的药物置于锅内加水适量,反复煎煮两次,残滓压榨,最后将两次煎汁及压榨汁合并,用100目筛过滤,置于锅内熬成浓缩稠膏,最后将浓缩膏置入电热恒温干燥箱中于70℃~80℃温度下烘干,再将其研磨成150目细粉备用;
(2)将麻油熬炼至“滴水成珠”,320℃时加丹制成膏药基质,将其浸入水中7天并每天更换新水去火毒后,取30重量份的基质置锅内文火加热溶化,其温度保持在60-70℃,避免产生新的火毒;兑入步骤(1)中提取的1重量份浓缩细粉或细药搅拌均匀,去尽水气后离火,即得。
对比例6
一种膏药的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)水煎法提取中药的有效成分,是将处方中的药物置于锅内加水适量,反复煎煮两次,残滓压榨,最后将两次煎汁及压榨汁合并,用100目筛过滤,置于锅内熬成浓缩稠膏,最后将浓缩膏置入电热恒温干燥箱中于70℃~80℃温度下烘干,再将其研磨成150目细粉备用;
(2)将麻油熬炼至“滴水成珠”,320℃时加丹制成膏药基质,将其浸入浓度50%的医用酒精中1天去火毒后,取30重量份的基质置锅内文火加热溶化,其温度保持在60-70℃,避免产生新的火毒;兑入步骤(1)中提取的1重量份浓缩细粉或细药搅拌均匀,去尽水气后离火,即得。
对比例7
一种膏药的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)水煎法提取中药的有效成分,是将处方中的药物置于锅内加水适量,反复煎煮两次,残滓压榨,最后将两次煎汁及压榨汁合并,用100目筛过滤,置于锅内熬成浓缩稠膏,最后将浓缩膏置入电热恒温干燥箱中于70℃~80℃温度下烘干,再将其研磨成150目细粉备用;
(2)将麻油熬炼至“滴水成珠”,320℃时加丹制成膏药基质,将其浸入浓度75%的医用酒精中1天去火毒后,取30重量份的基质置锅内文火加热溶化,其温度保持在60-70℃,避免产生新的火毒;兑入步骤(1)中提取的1重量份浓缩细粉或细药搅拌均匀,去尽水气后离火,即得。
实施例1、实施例3与对比例1-4相比,其临床实践结果如下表所示。
疗程 | 总有效率 | 总治愈率 | |
实施例1 | 1-3 | 99.0% | 95.1% |
实施例3 | 1-3 | 99.3% | 95.4% |
对比例1 | 2-4 | 92.7% | 88.4% |
对比例2 | 2-4 | 91.9% | 87.6% |
对比例3 | 2-5 | 89.3% | 80.2% |
对比例4 | 1-4 | 94.7% | 90.3% |
由以上结果对比可以看出,实施例1和实施例3的疗程短、见效快,总有效率和总治愈率均高于对比例1-4。
实施例2与对比例5-7相比:
将其制得的膏药火烤充分烊化,稍冷后贴于患处如:肩、腰、膝关节或颈椎部,72小时后观察贴敷部位的临床表现及皮肤变化情况。
判断指标:
72小时后根据反馈意见及患者过敏性反应症状不同,分为0~3级。
0级:无明显反应;
一级:有轻微发痒,且持继时间不超过1小时,揭膏后无其他表症现象;
无发痒症状,但揭膏后有轻微红点,水泡;
上述两者都有,但现象轻微。
二级:中度过敏反应;
有明显的抓痒现象,持继时间在1小时以上或伴有轻微的全身不适感;
有发痒现象,揭膏后有明显水泡,红斑情况;
揭膏后间隔一段时间,在贴膏处或周边有明显的红斑,发痒现象。
三级:严重过敏反应;
有严重的抓痒现象,其痒难忍或伴有明显的全身不适感;
揭膏后一段时间皮肤有严重红斑、溃烂现象。
膏药贴膏试验按照上述要求进行,总有效参加人员200例。
72小时后揭掉膏药观察贴敷部位的临床表现及皮肤变化情况如下表所示:
经以上实验研究表明:
黑膏药对皮肤具有刺激和过敏等副反应是勿庸置疑的,传统医药中有关报道黑膏药的致敏源多为铅丹与植物油在聚合反应过程中生产的诸如醇、醛、酸等小分子,以及过量的铅丹,这些致敏源一部分可以通过水浸而去除;使用本发明的水浸法、酒精法及冷藏法工艺去火毒的膏药接触皮肤的过敏性试验为有致敏性,但与传统工艺单一水浸法相比过敏程度明显下降,这为探索取代传统工艺去火毒提供了安全性的实验依据。其中去火毒的最佳工艺为:将膏药基质分成若干段并用手将其拍成直径约20厘米,厚度1-1.5厘米薄饼状,使膏体与水或酒精能充分接触,浸入冷水中浸泡3天去并每天更换新水,再浸入浓度75%的医用酒精中1天,再放置于5-10℃下冷藏3天。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种黑膏药,其特征在于,由以下重量份配比的原料制成:
艾叶148-152份、制川乌123-127份、制草乌123-127份、梅花入骨丹148-152份、威灵仙148-152份、僵蚕148-152份、全蝎98-102份、蜈蚣59-61份、透骨草148-152份、老鹳草148-152份、丢了棒148-152份、桂枝148-152份、七层楼98-102份、补骨脂98-102份、肉桂148-152份、羌活123-127份、独活123-127份、防风98-102份、大血藤123-127份、细辛148-152份、油松节123-127份、狗脊148-152份、牛膝148-152份、蒿本148-152份、苏木148-152份、骨碎补98-102份、鹿衔草123-127份、夜交藤148-152份、鸡血藤148-152份、黑风藤148-152份、秦艽98-102份、穿山龙98-102份、蛇床子148-152份、紫金牛148-152份、淫羊藿148-152份、白芷148-152份、肿节风123-127份、防已123-127份、白头翁148-152份、生乳香148-152份、生没药148-152份、白胡椒98-102份、冰片49-51份、自然铜123-127份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的黑膏药,其特征在于,由以下重量份配比的原料制成:
艾叶150份、制川乌125份、制草乌125份、梅花入骨丹150份、威灵仙150份、僵蚕150份、全蝎100份、蜈蚣60份、透骨草150份、老鹳草150份、丢了棒150份、桂枝150份、七层楼100份、补骨脂100份、肉桂150份、羌活125份、独活125份、防风100份、大血藤125份、细辛150份、油松节125份、狗脊150份、牛膝150份、蒿本150份、苏木150份、骨碎补100份、鹿衔草125份、夜交藤150份、鸡血藤150份、黑风藤150份、秦艽100份、穿山龙100份、蛇床子150份、紫金牛150份、淫羊藿150份、白芷150份、肿节风125份、防已125份、白头翁150份、生乳香150份、生没药150份、白胡椒100份、冰片50份、自然铜125份。
3.一种黑膏药的制备工艺,其特征在于:采用水煎法单独提取处方中药的有效成分,熬成浓缩稠膏后置入电热恒温干燥箱中于70℃~80℃温度下烘干,研磨成150目浓缩细粉后,按照一定比例兑入膏药基质中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的黑膏药的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述浓缩细粉和膏药基质的重量比为1:30。
5.根据权利要求4所述的黑膏药的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)水煎法提取中药的有效成分,是将处方中的药物置于锅内加水适量,反复煎煮两次,残滓压榨,最后将两次煎汁及压榨汁合并,用100目筛过滤,置于锅内熬成浓缩稠膏,最后将浓缩膏置入电热恒温干燥箱中于70℃~80℃温度下烘干,再将其研磨成150目细粉备用;
(2)将麻油熬炼至“滴水成珠”,320℃时加丹制成膏药基质,采用水浸法、酒精法及冷藏法相结合的工艺操作去火毒后,取30重量份的基质置锅内文火加热溶化,其温度保持在60-70℃,避免产生新的火毒;兑入步骤(1)中提取的1重量份浓缩细粉或细药搅拌均匀,去尽水气后离火,即得。
6.采用权利要求3-5任一项所述的黑膏药制备工艺制备权利要求1-2所述的任一项黑膏药,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按组方重量配比称取药材备用;
(2)将生乳香、生没药、白胡椒、冰片、自然铜5味药材研磨成细粉混合均匀过150目筛,制成混合粉A备用;
(3)将除生乳香、生没药、白胡椒、冰片、自然铜5味药材以外的中药加水煎药2次提取合并药汁浓缩膏状,置入电热恒温干燥箱中烘干并研磨成150目细粉,与混合A粉搅拌均匀,制成混合粉B备用;
(4)炼油下丹制成黑膏药基质,采用水浸法、酒精法及冷藏法相结合的工艺操作去火毒;
(5)选取一定比例的提纯中药混合粉B与一定比例膏药基质,热熔膏药基质后兑入混合粉B搅拌均匀即成;其中,提纯中药混合粉B与膏药基质的重量比为1:30。
7.权利要求1-2任一项所述的黑膏药在治疗风湿及类风湿性关节炎、痛风性关节炎、骨质增生、腰间盘突出、坐骨神经痛、颈椎病、肩周炎、跌打损伤、面神经瘫痪、乳腺炎及痛经中的应用。
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CN111544300A (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-18 | 山东朱氏药业集团有限公司 | 一种黑膏药的生产设备及其制备工艺 |
CN114848480A (zh) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-05 | 安徽金马药业股份有限公司 | 一种膏药贴加工前处理设备 |
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CN111544300A (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-18 | 山东朱氏药业集团有限公司 | 一种黑膏药的生产设备及其制备工艺 |
WO2021237915A1 (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-02 | 山东朱氏药业集团有限公司 | 一种黑膏药的生产设备及其制备工艺 |
CN114848480A (zh) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-05 | 安徽金马药业股份有限公司 | 一种膏药贴加工前处理设备 |
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