CN107006273B - Method for delaying dragon fruit blooming in dark period interruption by light supplement - Google Patents
Method for delaying dragon fruit blooming in dark period interruption by light supplement Download PDFInfo
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- CN107006273B CN107006273B CN201710151961.6A CN201710151961A CN107006273B CN 107006273 B CN107006273 B CN 107006273B CN 201710151961 A CN201710151961 A CN 201710151961A CN 107006273 B CN107006273 B CN 107006273B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
Abstract
A method for delaying the blooming of pitaya by interrupting light supplement in a dark period comprises the following steps: 1) erecting a column in the middle of the planting row every 3-5m along the planting row direction of the A-shaped frame; 2) drawing a galvanized steel wire on the top of the column, fixing the cable branch line on the steel wire, and hanging ceiling lamps on the cable branch line every 1.2-1.8 m; 3) the light supplementing time is 30 minutes from 2 am to 6 am, the light supplementing is firstly performed for 30 minutes, then the light supplementing is closed for 30 minutes, then the light supplementing is performed for 30 minutes, the light supplementing is closed for 30 minutes again, the dark period is interrupted during the period, the light supplementing is repeated for 5 times, and the light supplementing is repeated for 5 times; 4) the temperature is required to be above 18 ℃ in the light supplement period; 5) applying the high-potassium high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer for 15 days before and after light supplement; 6) during the light supplement period, all the new stem vines are cut off. The test result shows that: the number of blooming batches of the dragon fruits is increased by 2-3 batches compared with the dragon fruits not supplemented with light, the fruit picking period is prolonged by 1-3 months, the yield is improved by 10-15%, and the economic benefit is improved by 15-20%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for delaying the blooming of pitaya by interrupting light supplement in a dark period;
background
Pitaya, also known as red dragon fruit, belongs to perennial climbing fleshy plants of the family Cactaceae (Cactaceae) trigonostema (Hylocereua) and is native to tropical regions of central america; at present, dragon fruits are popularized and planted as special fruits in Guangxi, the cultivation area and the development scale are continuously enlarged, and the dragon fruits become a 'marking fruit' in Guangxi after oranges, bananas, litchis, longans, mangoes and grapes.
The main fruit producing period of the Guangxi pitaya is 6-11 months, wherein 7-10 months are the full fruit producing period, and the fruit (called winter fruit) harvested after 12-1 months is ripe, so that the winter fruit is a pitaya supply gap even if the fruit is blended in China due to low yield, small supply amount and high price. How to increase the flowering times of the pitaya and prolong the flowering period so as to prolong the fruit picking period of the pitaya to 12-2 months per year, thereby improving the yield and the economic benefit is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
The light is one of important environmental factors for the growth and development of the pitaya, and has regulation and control effects on the growth and development, photosynthesis, substance metabolism and the like of the pitaya; the length of the flower and fruit period or the number of flowering batches of the dragon fruits are related to local climatic conditions, particularly the length of illumination time, because the dragon fruits are long-day plants, the illumination must reach a certain light period to bloom and bear fruits; according to observation, the day and night are short and long after Guangxi enters the autumn season, the sunshine time is reduced, although the temperature, the nutrition and the like are sufficient, the illumination is insufficient, the reproduction growth of the dragon fruits is changed into the nutrition growth, the flower bud differentiation is stopped, and the fruit picking is basically finished at the bottom of 11 months every year.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for delaying the flowering of pitaya by interrupting light supplement in a dark period, which can increase the flowering times, prolong the fruit picking period by 1-3 months and obviously improve the yield and the economic benefit.
The invention realizes the aim through the following technical scheme: a method for delaying dragon fruit blooming by interrupting light supplement in a dark period comprises the following steps:
1) along the planting row direction of the dragon fruit row type A-shaped frame, a column is erected every 3-5m in the middle of the planting row, and the column is 50-70cm higher than the top end of a dragon fruit plant;
2) drawing a galvanized steel wire at the top of the column, fixing cable branch lines on the steel wire, and hanging a light supplement lamp on the cable branch lines at intervals of 1.2-1.8m, wherein the light supplement lamp is 30-50cm higher than the top end of the dragon fruit plant;
3) the light supplementing time control system sets 30 minutes from 2 am to 6 am, the light supplementing is firstly performed for 30 minutes, then the system is closed for 30 minutes, then the light supplementing is performed for 30 minutes, and then the system is closed for 30 minutes, the light supplementing is stopped in 30 days until 6 am, the dark period is interrupted and repeated for 5 times in the period from 2 am to 6 am for 30 minutes, the light supplementing is repeated for 5 times, and the light supplementing is continuously performed for 20-60 days;
4) applying the high-potassium high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer once every 15 days before and after light supplement to increase the number and quantity of blossoming batches and quantity of the dragon fruits and improve the quality;
5) during the light supplement period, cutting off all the new extracted stems so as to reduce the nutrient consumption, promote the accumulation of fruit sugar and improve the fruit quality and the yield per unit area;
6) the temperature is required to be above 18 ℃ for 30 minutes from 2 am to 6 am in the light supplement period, and the light supplement is stopped if the temperature is lower than 16 ℃.
The light supplement lamp is a 5-18W L ed red light energy-saving lamp and is provided with an outdoor rainproof lamp cap and a numerical control switch.
The light supplement is interrupted in the dark period from 9 to 11 late months of the year.
The high-potassium high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is prepared from N: P2O5:K2O＝0:52:34。
The light supplement lamp is a 12-18W L ed red light energy-saving lamp and is provided with an outdoor rainproof lamp cap and a numerical control switch;
the light supplement is carried out manually in the last 9-11 months of the year.
The invention has the outstanding effects that:
test results show that by adopting the light supplement technology in the dark interruption period, the number of flowering batches of the dragon fruits is increased by 2-3 batches compared with that of the contrast, the fruit picking period is prolonged by 1-3 months, the yield is improved by 10-15%, the economic benefit is improved by 15-20%, and theoretical basis and technical support are provided for the dragon fruit production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a row-type A-shaped frame planting method for delaying the flowering of dragon fruits by light supplement during the dark period of interruption according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the method for delaying the blooming of dragon fruits by supplementing light during the dark period of interruption according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a field layout diagram of the method for delaying the flowering of dragon fruits by supplementing light during the dark interruption period according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a light supplement scene at night of the method for delaying the blooming of dragon fruits by light supplement during the interruption dark period according to the present invention;
labeled as: a type frame 1, tripod 2, post 3, steel stranded rope 4, ground ox 5, dragon fruit plant 6, galvanized steel wire 7, cable branch 8, light filling lamp 9.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further clearly and completely described by the following embodiments, but the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention relates to an example of a method for increasing the number of flowering batches of dragon fruits by supplementing light during the dark interruption period, which is to perform a test in a dragon fruit planting base of a dragon fruit planting professional cooperative of Guangxi Wurui He garden in 2015 from 25 th to 4 th month from 9 th to 11 th, wherein the test variety is Jindu No. 1 red-peel red-pulp dragon fruit, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) along the planting row direction of the dragon fruit row type A-shaped frame 1, a column 3 is erected every 3-5m in the middle of a planting row, the depth of the column 3 in soil is 40-60cm, and the column 3 is 50-70cm higher than the top end of a dragon fruit plant;
2) a galvanized steel wire 7 is pulled at the top of the column, cable branch lines are fixed on the galvanized steel wire 7, a light supplement lamp 9 is hung on the cable branch lines every 1.2-1.8m, and the light supplement lamp 9 is 30-50cm higher than the top end of the dragon fruit plant; the outdoor rainproof lamp holder and the numerical control switch are matched;
3) applying high potassium and high phosphorus (N: P) once 15 days before light supplement2O5:K2O is 0:52:34) water-soluble fertilizer, so that the number and quantity of blossoming batches and the blossoming quantity of the dragon fruits are increased, and the quality is improved;
4) supplementing light to the dragon fruit plants, wherein a light supplementing time control system is set to be 30 minutes from 2 am to 6 am, the light supplementing is firstly performed for 30 minutes, then is closed for 30 minutes, then is performed for 30 minutes, is closed again for 30 minutes, and is lightened for 30 minutes in the morning after 6 am, the light supplementing is stopped after the light supplementing is performed for 30 minutes, the dark period is interrupted in the period, and the light supplementing is repeated for 5 times; continuously supplementing light for 40 days;
5) supplementing light for 15 days, and applying high potassium and high phosphorus (N: P)2O5:K2O is 0:52:34) water-soluble fertilizer primary high-potassium fertilizer;
6) during the light supplement period, cutting off all the new extracted stems so as to reduce the nutrient consumption, promote the accumulation of fruit sugar and improve the fruit quality and the yield per unit area;
7) during light supplement, flowering and fruiting, water and fertilizer are applied once every 15 days through a drip irrigation facility to improve tree vigor and meet the requirements of flowering and fruit growth and development on nutrition;
8) the temperature is required to be above 18 ℃ for 30 minutes from 2 am to 6 am in the light supplementing period, and the light supplementing is stopped if the temperature is lower than 16 ℃;
the test result shows that no flower buds exist in the last 10 th ten days without light supplement, and three flowers appear in the 21-22 days in 10 months, 1-2 days in 11 months and 28 days in 11 months respectively with light supplement, that is, the light supplement is more than three flowers which are not light supplemented, according to statistics, the average total flowering number per mu is 517, the average single fruit weight is 1.4 jin, the average yield is 724 jin, the average total yield is 11581 yuan calculated according to 16 yuan per jin, wherein the second flower yield is the largest, 297 flowers are produced, the yield reaches 415 jin, and the yield reaches 6640 yuan; secondly, the first batch of flowers are 167 flowers, the yield reaches 234 jin, and the yield reaches 3744 yuan; the minimum is the third batch of flowers, 38 flowers, the yield reaches 75 jin, and the yield reaches 1197 yuan.
Example 2
In another example of the method for increasing the number of blossoming batches of the dragon fruits by supplementing light during the dark interruption period, a test is carried out on a dragon fruit planting base of a professional collaborative company of dragon fruit planting in Guangxi Wurui grain garden in 2016, 10 and 11 months and 30 days, wherein the test variety is Jindu No. 1 red-peel red-pulp dragon fruit, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) along the planting row direction of the dragon fruit row type A-shaped frame 1, a column 3 is erected every 3-5m in the middle of a planting row, the depth of the column 3 in soil is 40-60cm, and the column 3 is 50-70cm higher than the top end of a dragon fruit plant;
2) a galvanized steel wire 7 is pulled at the top of the column, cable branch lines are fixed on the galvanized steel wire 7, a light supplement lamp 9 is hung on the cable branch lines every 1.2-1.8m, and the light supplement lamp 9 is 30-50cm higher than the top end of the dragon fruit plant; the outdoor rainproof lamp holder and the numerical control switch are matched;
3) applying high potassium and high phosphorus (N: P) once 15 days before light supplement2O5:K2O is 0:52:34) water-soluble fertilizer, so that the number and quantity of blossoming batches and the blossoming quantity of the dragon fruits are increased, and the quality is improved;
4) supplementing light to the dragon fruit plants, wherein a light supplementing time control system is set from 2 am to 6 am for 30 minutes, the light supplementing is firstly performed for 30 minutes, then is closed for 30 minutes, then is performed for 30 minutes, is closed again for 30 minutes, and is performed for 30 minutes, the light supplementing is stopped after the light supplementing is performed for 30 minutes in the morning, the dark period is interrupted in the period and is repeated for 5 times, the light supplementing is repeated for 5 times, and the light supplementing is continuously performed for 50 days;
5) supplementing light for 15 days, and applying high potassium and high phosphorus (N: P)2O5:K2O is 0:52:34) water-soluble fertilizer primary high-potassium fertilizer;
6) during the light supplement period, cutting off all the new extracted stems so as to reduce the nutrient consumption, promote the accumulation of fruit sugar and improve the fruit quality and the yield per unit area;
7) during light supplement, flowering and fruiting, water and fertilizer are applied once every 15 days through a drip irrigation facility to improve tree vigor and meet the requirements of flowering and fruit growth and development on nutrition;
8) the temperature is required to be above 18 ℃ for 30 minutes from 2 am to 6 am in the light supplementing period, and the light supplementing is stopped if the temperature is lower than 16 ℃;
the test result shows that no flower buds exist in the last 10 th ten days without light supplement, and two batches of flowers respectively appear in 21-23 days in 10 months in 2016 and 3-5 days in 11 months in 2016 with light supplement, namely, two more flowers are taken in the light supplement mode than in the light supplement mode, and the flower quantity is the largest in the second batch.
Claims (3)
1. A method for delaying the blooming of pitaya by interrupting light supplement in a dark period comprises the following steps: 1) along the planting row direction of the dragon fruit row type A-shaped frame, a column is erected every 3-5m in the middle of the planting row, and the column is 50-70cm higher than the top end of a dragon fruit plant; 2) drawing a galvanized steel wire at the top of the column, fixing cable branch lines on the steel wire, and hanging a light supplement lamp on the cable branch lines at intervals of 1.2-1.8m, wherein the light supplement lamp is 30-50cm higher than the top end of the dragon fruit plant; the method is characterized by further comprising the following steps:
3) the light supplementing time control system sets 30 minutes from 2 am to 6 am, the light supplementing is firstly performed for 30 minutes, then the light supplementing is closed for 30 minutes, then the light supplementing is performed for 30 minutes, the light supplementing is closed for 30 minutes again, the light supplementing is stopped in 30 days till 6 am, the dark period is interrupted and repeated for 5 times in the period from 2 am to 6 am, the light supplementing is repeated for 5 times, the light supplementing is continuously performed for 20-60 days, and the light supplementing is performed in the dark period interruption in the last ten days of 9-11 months in each year;
4) applying the high-potassium high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer once every 15 days before and after light supplement to increase the number and quantity of blossoming batches and quantity of the dragon fruits and improve the quality;
5) during the light supplement period, cutting off all the new extracted stems so as to reduce the nutrient consumption, promote the accumulation of fruit sugar and improve the fruit quality and the yield per unit area;
6) the temperature is required to be above 18 ℃ for 30 minutes from 2 am to 6 am in the light supplement period, and the light supplement is stopped if the temperature is lower than 16 ℃.
2. The method for delaying the blooming of dragon fruits by supplementing light during the dark interruption period according to claim 1, wherein the supplementing light is a 5-18W L ed red light energy-saving lamp provided with an outdoor rainproof lamp head and a numerical control switch.
3. The interrupt of claim 1The method for delaying the blooming of the pitaya by supplementing light in the dark period is characterized in that the high-potassium high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is prepared according to the proportion of N to P2O5:K2O＝0:52:34。
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| CN108293389A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-07-20 | 广西农业职业技术学院 | A method of promoting dragon fruit Winter blooming |
| CN107873303A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-06 | 广西海泉农业有限公司 | Removable light-supplementing system |
| CN108093934B (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2024-03-26 | 广东绿爱生物科技股份有限公司 | Plant illumination cultivation method and device and artificial cultivation device |
| CN109566298A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-04-05 | 广西佳年农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods improving dragon fruit yield |
| CN110352732B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-06-29 | 厦门通秴科技股份有限公司 | Dragon fruit flower-promoting, yield-increasing and quality-increasing LED spectrum formula, device and application thereof |
| CN111201957A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-29 | 浙江万里学院 | Light supplementing method for improving quality of red-heart pitaya in autumn and winter |
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| CN101861811A (en) * | 2009-04-15 | 2010-10-20 | 杨春起 | Sunlight greenhouse heating and light supplementing method |
| CN101755582A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-06-30 | 孔赟荣 | Chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming cultivation technique and method |
| CN104295946B (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2017-04-05 | 上海胜宝环保科技有限公司 | Divide column wrap formula 360 degrees omnidirection illumination LED electricity-saving lamp |
| CN105265202A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2016-01-27 | 东洋罗基泰克有限公司 | Sunlight management method and device based on position and used for cultivating plant |
| CN104860729A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-08-26 | 福安市庄原农业发展有限公司 | Organic nutrient solution for promoting dragon fruit growth and preparation method thereof |
| CN105850680B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2019-03-15 | 陈念枢 | A kind of cultural method of dragon fruit |
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