The invention discloses a split application of an invention patent with the application number of 201410598333.9, the application date of 2014, 10 and 30 and the invention name of a rice seedling raising peat soil matrix plate, a preparation method thereof and a plate making machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rice seedling raising peat soil matrix plate and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the soil bed seedling raising is still adopted after the rice seedling raising technology in China falls behind, so that the excessive excavation of corrosive soil is caused, and the sustainable development requirement cannot be met.
The rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate is prepared from 53-57 parts by weight of coarse turfy soil, 23-27 parts by weight of fine turfy soil, 13-17 parts by weight of coconut shell powder and 4-5 parts by weight of paper pulp.
The rice seedling raising peat soil matrix plate is prepared by the following steps:
1. weighing 53-57 parts of coarse turfy soil, 23-27 parts of fine turfy soil, 13-17 parts of coconut shell powder and 4-5 parts of paper pulp by weight;
2. pouring coarse turfy soil, fine turfy soil and coconut shell powder into a pulping machine, adding clear water, and pulping to prepare primary pulp;
3. adding paper pulp into the primary pulp prepared in the step two, and grinding the pulp to obtain raw material pulp;
4. and uniformly stirring the raw material slurry, pouring the raw material slurry into a material pool, sucking out the raw material slurry in the material pool by a mould for a plate making machine, sucking water in the raw material slurry, blowing the preliminarily formed substrate plate out of the mould, and drying to obtain the rice seedling raising turfy soil substrate plate.
The plate making machine comprises a fixed disc, a rotating disc, a plate making machine shell, a rotating shaft, a motor, a sealing plug and a plate making mold; the fixed disk is fixed and is provided with a compressed air outlet and a vacuum pump air suction port; the compressed air outlet is communicated with the sealing plug through a compressed air outlet pipe; the positions of the sealing plug and the sealing plug are fixed relative to the fixed disc, and the sealing plug forms a blowing and jetting cavity between the plate making machine shell and the inner cavity of the plate making machine; the sealing plug is fixedly connected with the sealing plug, and the sealing plug is positioned at the lower end of the sealing plug; the rotating disc is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft through a rotating fixing bolt; the rotating shaft is connected with the motor; the rotating disc is fixedly connected with the shell of the plate making machine; the plate making mould is fixed on the plate making machine shell and is provided with a screen and a raw material pulp suction port, the raw material pulp suction port is communicated with the inner cavity of the plate making machine, and the screen is positioned outside the raw material pulp suction port.
The invention adopts renewable resources such as coarse turfy soil, fine turfy soil, coconut shell powder and paper pulp as raw materials, thereby ensuring the requirements of the raw materials on sufficiency and sustainable development. The raw materials used in the invention are not environment-friendly and degradable.
The method can prepare the rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate with the thickness of 7-10 mm, has soft texture after watering, is beneficial to seed sowing and root growth and respiration, and has strong water absorption and water retention. The rice seedling raising peat soil matrix plate is rich in nutrition and can promote the germination, seedling emergence and growth of seeds.
The invention adopts an industrialized method to manufacture the rice seedling raising peat soil matrix plate, thereby saving time and labor and having high efficiency.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first specific implementation way is as follows: the rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate is prepared from 53-57 parts by weight of coarse turfy soil, 23-27 parts by weight of fine turfy soil, 13-17 parts by weight of coconut shell powder and 4-5 parts by weight of paper pulp.
In the embodiment, the paper pulp is used as the binder, so that the paper pulp has the advantages of environmental protection and degradability. The fiber in the dried paper pulp ensures the strength of the rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate, and the fiber strength of the paper pulp is basically lost through watering when the rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate is used, so that the matrix plate is soft, and the seeding of seeds and the growth and the respiration of root systems are favorably utilized.
The fine turfy soil has rich nutrition, wherein the nutrient accounts for about 60% of the mass of the fine turfy soil.
The rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate is green and environment-friendly, and the content of humic acid reaches more than 40%.
The second embodiment is as follows: the rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate is prepared from 55 parts by weight of coarse turfy soil, 25 parts by weight of fine turfy soil, 15 parts by weight of coconut shell powder and 5 parts by weight of paper pulp.
The third concrete implementation mode: the preparation method of the rice seedling raising peat soil matrix plate comprises the following steps:
1. weighing 53-57 parts of coarse turfy soil, 23-27 parts of fine turfy soil, 13-17 parts of coconut shell powder and 4-5 parts of paper pulp by weight;
2. pouring coarse turfy soil, fine turfy soil and coconut shell powder into a pulping machine, adding clear water, and pulping to prepare primary pulp;
3. adding paper pulp into the primary pulp prepared in the step two, and grinding the pulp to obtain raw material pulp;
4. and uniformly stirring the raw material slurry, pouring the raw material slurry into a material pool, sucking out the raw material slurry in the material pool by a mould for a plate making machine, sucking water in the raw material slurry, blowing the preliminarily formed substrate plate out of the mould, and drying to obtain the rice seedling raising turfy soil substrate plate.
The coarse turfy soil and the fine turfy soil have strong water absorption and can retain water for a long time.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that: in the second step, the coarse turfy soil, the fine turfy soil and the coconut husk powder are disinfected, and then weighed and poured into a beater. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the third embodiment is different from the fourth embodiment in that: in the second step, clear water is added for pulping according to 1.5 to 2 times of the total weight of the coarse turfy soil, the fine turfy soil and the coconut shell powder. The other steps and parameters are the same as those of the third or fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode is as follows: the third, fourth or fifth embodiment is different from the third, fourth or fifth embodiment in that: in the second step, the pulping time is 20-30 min, and the rotating speed of the pulping machine is 400-500 r/min. The other steps and parameters are the same as those of the third, fourth or fifth embodiment.
The seventh concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the third to sixth embodiments in that: the paper pulp in the first step is wood pulp. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to sixth embodiments.
The water content of the wood pulp of the embodiment is 50-70%.
The specific implementation mode eight: the difference between this embodiment and one of the third to seventh embodiments is: and step four, the plate making machine is connected with a vacuum pump and an air compressor. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the third to eighth embodiments in that: in the fourth step, the drying temperature is 220 ℃. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to eighth embodiments.
The high-temperature drying can not only effectively and thoroughly remove the moisture in the rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate, but also can carry out disinfection and sterilization.
The specific implementation mode is ten: referring to fig. 1, the plate making machine of the present embodiment includes a fixed plate 8, a rotating plate 9, a plate making machine housing 6, a rotating shaft, a motor, a sealing plug 5, a closing plug 12, and a plate making mold 7; the fixed disk 8 is fixed, and a compressed air outlet 2 and a vacuum pump air suction port 1 are arranged on the fixed disk 8; the compressed air outlet 2 is communicated with the sealing plug 5 through a compressed air outlet pipe 4; the positions of the sealing plug 5 and the closing plug 12 are fixed relative to the fixed disc 8, and the sealing plug 5 forms a blowing cavity 11 between the plate making machine shell 6 and the inner cavity of the plate making machine; the sealing plug 5 is fixedly connected with the closing plug 12, and the closing plug 12 is positioned at the lower end of the sealing plug 5; the rotating disc 9 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft through the rotating fixing bolt 3; the rotating shaft is connected with the motor; the rotating disc 9 is fixedly connected with the plate making machine shell 6; the plate making mold 7 is fixed on a plate making machine shell 6, the plate making mold 7 is provided with a screen 7-1 and a raw material slurry suction port 7-2, the raw material slurry suction port 7-2 is communicated with the inner cavity of the plate making machine, and the screen 7-1 is positioned outside the raw material slurry suction port 7-2.
In the embodiment, the raw material slurry suction port 7-2 is rotated out of the blowing cavity 11 to reach the position for sucking the raw material slurry, the raw material slurry suction port 7-2 is closed by the closing plug 12, and the plate-making mold 7 is prevented from being communicated with the inner cavity of the plate-making machine, so that the inner cavity of the plate-making machine is always kept at negative pressure in the plate-making process.
The rotating shaft is driven by a motor to rotate. N vacuum pump induction ports 1 are provided, and N is a positive integer. The rotary fixing bolts 3 are M, and M is a positive integer.
The vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the plate making machine is controlled, the substrate plates with different thicknesses can be prepared, and the moisture content and the strength of the preliminarily formed substrate plates can be controlled.
The rotating speed of the plate making machine has certain influence on the thickness of the substrate plate, and the slower the rotating speed is, the lower the moisture content of the initially formed substrate plate is under the same other conditions.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the present embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in that: the screen 7-1 is not parallel to the bottom surface of the plate making mould 7 and has an included angle. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the embodiment.
Example 1
The preparation method of the rice seedling raising peat soil matrix plate comprises the following steps:
1. weighing the coarse turfy soil, the fine turfy soil, the coconut shell powder and the paper pulp according to the weight part ratio of 55 parts of coarse turfy soil, 25 parts of fine turfy soil, 5 parts of coconut shell powder and 5 parts of paper pulp;
2. pouring the coarse turfy soil, the fine turfy soil and the coconut shell powder into a beater, adding clear water according to 1.8 times of the total weight of the coarse turfy soil, the fine turfy soil and the coconut shell powder, and beating to prepare primary pulp; wherein the pulping time is 25min, and the rotating speed of the pulping machine is 420r/min;
3. adding paper pulp into the primary pulp prepared in the second step, and grinding the pulp to obtain raw material pulp;
4. and pouring the raw material slurry into a material pool after uniformly stirring, sucking the raw material slurry in the material pool by a mould for a plate making machine, sucking the moisture in the raw material slurry, blowing the preliminarily formed substrate plate out of the mould, and drying to obtain the rice seedling raising peat soil substrate plate.
The platemaking machine draws in the raw slurry as shown in fig. 2, 10 being the stock tank.
The plate making machine comprises a fixed disc 8, a rotating disc 9, a plate making machine shell 6, a rotating shaft, a motor, a sealing plug 5, a closing plug 12 and a plate making mold 7; the fixed disk 8 is fixed, and a compressed air outlet 2 and a vacuum pump air suction port 1 are arranged on the fixed disk 8; the compressed air outlet 2 is communicated with the sealing plug 5 through a compressed air outlet pipe 4; the positions of the sealing plug 5 and the closing plug 12 are fixed relative to the fixed disc 8, and the sealing plug 5 forms a blowing cavity 11 between the plate making machine shell 6 and the inner cavity of the plate making machine; the sealing plug 5 is fixedly connected with the sealing plug 12, and the sealing plug 12 is positioned at the lower end of the sealing plug 5; the rotating disc 9 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft through the rotating fixing bolt 3; the rotating shaft is connected with the motor; the rotating disc 9 is fixedly connected with the plate making machine shell 6; the plate making mold 7 is fixed on a plate making machine shell 6, the plate making mold 7 is provided with a screen 7-1 and a raw material slurry suction port 7-2, the raw material slurry suction port 7-2 is communicated with the inner cavity of the plate making machine, and the screen 7-1 is positioned outside the raw material slurry suction port 7-2.
In the embodiment, the raw material slurry suction port 7-2 is rotated out of the blowing cavity 11 to reach the position for sucking the raw material slurry, and the closing plug 12 is used for closing the raw material slurry suction port 7-2 to prevent the plate-making mold 7 from being communicated with the inner cavity of the plate-making machine.
The rotating shaft is driven by a motor to rotate. The number of the vacuum pump air suction ports 1 is 4. The number of the rotary fixing bolts 3 is 8.
The suction port 1 of the vacuum pump is connected with the vacuum pump, and negative pressure is formed in the inner cavity of the plate making machine, so that the raw material slurry can be sucked out and attached to the screen 7-1; the solid material in the raw material slurry is adsorbed on the net 7-1 to form a substrate layer in the rotating process of the rotating disc 9 and the plate making machine shell 6, and the moisture in the raw material slurry is gradually absorbed and removed to realize primary drying.
Compressed air generated by the air compressor enters the blow-shooting cavity 11 through the compressed air outlet 2 and the compressed air outlet pipe 4 to generate high pressure, so that moisture and primary forming are lost, and the substrate plate with certain strength is blown out of the mold. And collecting the preliminarily molded substrate plate blown out of the mold and then drying.
Emergence rate test:
the rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate is placed in a rice seedling raising tray, is watered to expand and soften, rice seeds soaked for germination are sown on the rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate by an automatic rice seeder, then surface soil with the thickness of about 5-7 mm is covered on the surface of the rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate, and then watering is carried out once every 3-5 days. The germination rate, growth rate, seedling emergence time, packing effect, late seedling fertility and the results of the experiment are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate of the embodiment is not added with a nutrient or a seedling strengthening agent, and the seedling raising and seedling emergence effects are basically equal to those of the prior art (a seedling raising matrix taking erosion soil as a matrix and adding the seedling strengthening agent). Has the characteristics of green, environmental protection and health.