CN1069262C - 制造容器的方法 - Google Patents

制造容器的方法 Download PDF

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CN1069262C
CN1069262C CN96198695A CN96198695A CN1069262C CN 1069262 C CN1069262 C CN 1069262C CN 96198695 A CN96198695 A CN 96198695A CN 96198695 A CN96198695 A CN 96198695A CN 1069262 C CN1069262 C CN 1069262C
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查尔斯·乔纳森·布里顿
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    • B29C45/0053—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
    • B29C45/0055—Shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C2949/0778—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform characterised by the flange
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Abstract

一种由热塑性材料通过两个阶段制造的容器，该热塑性材料受热时可以变形。在第一个阶段，一个预成型体(1)被注射成型，模具部件很容易释放管体(2)，该管体(2)具有一个封闭端，在其开口端有一个向外伸出的边缘(7)。远离管体在该缘边的上面或者内部具有一个螺旋肋(5)或者沟槽。在第二个阶段，可能通过某些简单的机械拉伸使得尚热的预成型体(1)吹塑成型，把吹气管(9)座于管体(2)的开口上，预成型体由其边缘的外部(8)所保持。管体(2)的壁被膨胀，边缘的内侧部分(4)被挤压离开吹气管(9)，变形为一个短的管口，使得构件(5)向内。一个螺旋线变成一个螺纹，用于容纳一个旋入式盖。

Description

制造容器的方法
本发明涉及一种容器，主要涉及一种具有盖形件的容器，该盖形件安装到一个开口内并可旋转从而锁定位置。
这就需要一个带有模制结构的内螺纹或者某种形式的切槽结构从而需要一个成型装置，因此将会产生既造价高昂又难于克服的制造问题。实际上有时它们被认为是不可能被克服的。工具的价格很高，人们不得不设法使得型芯从新形成的螺纹或者切槽结构中旋转分离出来，或者使得型芯可伸缩以便被取出。人们已经试图简单地把塑料材料压向侧边从而把型芯直接拉出，但是这样将常常破坏塑料材料。
本发明的一个目的就是使得这样的容器制造更容易。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种制造容器的方法。该容器具有一个可进入的开口，该开口具有一个用于把一个盖形件完全保持在该开口内的卡位装置；该容器的材料受热易于变形，其中，在第一阶段形成一个初级容器，该初级容器具有一个表面，该表面裸露并面向外面，用于形成开口的内侧面，与此同时在所说的表面上或表面内部形成卡位装置；在第二阶段，在一个更高的温度下使形成开口的材料发生变形从而把所说的表面从一个面向外侧的表面变形为一个形成开口的通道，并使开口带有所述卡位装置。
今后假定初级容器和最终容器均以其最上端保持垂直状态。
在第一阶段中初级容器的变形是方便地利用一个内模芯通过注射成型法来完成，然后该内模芯可以通过所说的开口取出，而在第二阶段中从初级容器到最终容器的变形最好通过开口用吹塑成型法完成，尽管至少在该方法中固有的部分变形或者拉伸可以通过机械的方法来实现。
在初级容器中的卡位装置可以是螺旋形状或者部分螺旋形状，从而在最终容器上形成螺纹结构。或者，卡位装置至少可以是一个L形的凹槽结构从而形成一个卡锁配合的母部分，或者是一个销子从而形成一个卡锁配合的公部分。在另一个实施例中，该卡位装置是一个环形结构，从而保持住一个球，例如该球可以用于滚装除臭剂。
在一个最佳实施例中，形成开口的材料最初是一个基本上成径向的凸台，该凸台位于一个一端封闭的管子的开口上，所说的表面是该凸台的一个上表面；在径向凸台的周边有一个基本上成圆筒状的凸台，该凸台向下伸出从而包围管子的开口端；在第二阶段，所述径向凸台向下发生变形形成一个基本上是圆筒状的结构，因此径向凸台的下侧面面向外部，从而与圆筒形凸台的内侧接合；在最终容器中径向凸台与圆筒形凸台结合在一起；螺旋状结构(如果是卡位装置)变成一个位于开口内部的螺纹。
通过这个设计，如果容器的材料是透明的，一个数据带可以设置到初级容器的圆筒形凸台的内侧，通过该圆筒形凸台可以看到该数据带，该数据带可以由变形后的径向凸台保持住。
为方便起见，在径向凸台和圆筒形凸台的上方有一个缘边，在吹塑成型过程中，该缘边的下侧面形成用于定位初级容器的装置，其内侧形成一个用于吹气管的座。
根据本发明的另外一个实施例，提供一种由上述方法制成的容器。
为了更好地理解本发明，参考附图以例子的形式对一个实施例进行描述。其中：
图1是一个容器的预成型体的轴向剖面图，该容器上带有一个吹气管。
图2是一个预成型体的剖面图。
图3是一个在模具中的一个容器的轴向剖面图，该模具已经从图1的预成型体通过吹塑成型法进行膨胀。
图4是一个完成的、从模具中取出的容器的轴向平面图。
一个预成型体1或者初级容器是用注射成型法由塑料材料构成。初级容器的形状是这样的，它只需要两块模具块，当预成型体已经成型后这两个模具块可以轴向上分开从而把预成型体取出。使得模具复杂化的切槽结构就不需要了。
详细来讲，该预成型体包括一个试管状的管体2和在管体2的出口处向外伸出的一个圆环3。该圆环3包括一个径向凸台4，该径向凸台4在圆环的背面上形成一个台阶，其厚度比径向上在内侧的环形部分要厚，在该圆环的上面具有一个螺旋肋5。在凸台4的外侧边缘上还有另外一个圆筒形凸台6，该圆筒形凸台6向着下方伸出从而在瓶体2的上部周围形成一个裙板。在该裙板上部具有一个边缘7，该边缘7向上和、向外伸出，具有一个小锥度的内表面8。在此提供了吹气管的一个座。
在注射成型后瓶体在其很热时转换成吹塑模。该吹塑模包括两个半体10和11以及一个底插芯或者顶芯12。边缘7配置在由半体10、11形成的孔腔的边缘上，凸台6与孔腔的出口紧靠。和瓶子的其它部分相比这些部分要更快速地冷却，从而使得其刚度足以提供一个坚固的支承和定位。吹气管9紧靠表面8形成密封，其端面刚好位于螺旋肋5之上，因此，在吹塑成型过程中所述凸台的上端面将会承受引入的压缩空气之作用。吹气管与塑料材料的接触导致局部冷却和硬化。当预成型体被封闭后，具有一定压力的空气被引入以膨胀瓶体2的其余还很软的部分。在膨胀过程中，凸台4沿着其与凸台6和边缘7的接触部分被向下压，从而使得凸台4变成一个基本上的圆筒形并与凸台6的内侧紧靠。然后凸台4流动到凸台6的下侧与吹塑模的孔腔的壁贴合。如图3所示，管体2的其余部分发生膨胀，当材料冷却后，模具的几个部分被分离，取出最终容器如图4所示。所施加的热量应当足以使得两个塑料表面之间紧紧靠在一起，以形成一个有效的均匀结构。
在这个过程中，螺旋肋5已经变成了一个螺纹结构，向着容器开口的内部伸出。
凸台4从最初的形状到圆筒形状的变形可以通过机械方法来完成，特别是如果卡位结构不是一个伸出的肋或螺栓而是一个嵌槽的话。例如，一个插入件可以插入到管体2内，甚至吹气管9插入时可以向下压入到凸台上。该插入件可以被取出，而最终的形状通过吹塑成型法来实现。
如果塑料材料是透明的，凸台4和6之间的密封配合可以提供一种定位识别装置。一个带13，在图4中用虚线表示，可以设置到凸台6周围，带上携带有一些数据例如象公司名字、产品细节或者条形码，通过凸台6可以看到它们。吹塑成型后，数据带被紧固地密封在塑性材料内，这个带在不破坏容器的情况下不可能被取出。
合适的塑料材料包括结晶或者非结晶的聚氯乙烯、高密度的聚乙烯、聚丙烯或者聚对苯二甲酸乙酯(P.E.T)。应当注意到本发明的方法也可以应用于玻璃容器，甚至可以应用于某些金属容器例如铝。
尽管吹塑成型是最佳的膨胀方法，对于大的容器可以借助于机械拉伸。通过真空成型也可以实现同样的效果。

Claims (13)

1．一种制造容器的方法，该容器具有一个可进入的开口，该开口具有一个用于把一个盖形件完全保持在该开口内的卡位装置(5)，该容器的材料受热易于变形，其特征在于：在第一阶段，一个初级容器制成一个一端封闭的管子(2)，在该初级容器的口部具有一个面向外部的基本上径向的凸台(4、7)，该凸台上表面的一部分应能形成开口的内侧面，与此同时由所述表面上的凸起或者凹槽形成卡位装置(5)；在第二阶段，凸台的外圆周边部分(7)被紧紧定位住，使管子(2)在一个更高的温度下由于压差的作用发生膨胀变形，以把凸台的内侧部分(4)向下，向外拉伸，从而把所述上表面从一个面向上方的表面变形为一个形成开口的通道，并使开口带有一个卡位装置(5)。
2．根据权利要求1所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：在第一阶段，初级容器(1)的成形是通过在两个模具部分中成型完成的，其中的一个模具部分具有一个接下来可以从所述开口中取出的型芯。
3．根据权利要求2所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：初级容器的形成是通过注射成型法完成的。
4．根据权利要求1、2或者3所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：在第二阶段从初级容器到最终容器的转变是通过开口进行吹塑成型法形成的。
5．根据权利要求1所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：在初级容器内的卡位装置(5)是一个螺线或者部分螺线部分，从而在最终容器上形成螺纹。
6．根据权利要求1所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：卡位装置至少为一个L形状凹槽，以形成一个卡锁配合的一部分。
7．根据权利要求1所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：卡位装置至少为一个销子，以形成一个卡锁配合的一部分。
8．根据权利要求1所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：卡位装置是一个环形结构，以保持一个滚珠式球。
9．根据权利要求1所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：初级容器(1)在其径向凸台(4、7)上具有一个基本上圆筒状的凸台(6)，该圆筒形凸台(6)向下伸出以包围管子(2)的开口端。
10．根据权利要求9所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：当径向凸台的内侧部分(4)的下侧面由于管子膨胀而向下、向外变形时，该下侧面与圆筒形凸台(6)的内侧面结合。
11．根据权利要求10所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：在最终形成的容器中所述下侧面与圆筒形凸台(6)结合在一起。
12．根据权利要求10或11所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：容器的材料是透明的，在初级容器内的圆筒形凸台(6)的内侧具有一个数据带，通过该凸台(6)可以看到该数据带，该数据带由变形的径向凸台(4)保持住。
13．根据权利要求10所述的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：在第二阶段从初级容器到最终容器的转变是通过开口进行吹塑成型法形成的，且凸台的外周边部分是一个向上的阶梯边缘(7)，该边缘(7)伸出超过圆筒形凸台(6)，该边缘(7)的下侧面在吹塑成型过程中用于定位初级容器的装置，而其内侧面(8)形成一个用于吹气管的座。
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