CN106888942A - A kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to vegetables seedling-raising technique, more particularly to a kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media.A kind of raw material composition of the Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media component：Turf 950-1050L, perlite 160-180L, water 20-30L, pack standby, EC values 0.3-0.5mS.cm after turf, perlite and water are stirred by vegetable seedling substrate special-purpose stirring machine^-1.According to the species and different growing stage and growing way of nursery, pour and apply nutrient solution concentration 50ppm-250ppm from low to high.A kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media that the present invention is provided, is conducive to the water suction of vegetable crop germination and seedling cotyledon phase and mushrooms out, neat with emerging, fast growth, the characteristics of seedling vigorous index is high.

Description

A kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media

Technical field

The present invention relates to vegetables seedling-raising technique, more particularly to a kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media.

Background technology

Soilless culture, refers to the method cultivated with matrix or nutrition liquid irrigation without natural soil, mainly should With in the arvicultures such as vegetables, be a water-saving, the high yield and high quality advanced technology of the saving of labor that saves fertilizer again, the technology originates from 19 In century, the 30's of 20th century start to be applied to the countries uses such as agricultural production, Holland, Japan, New Zealand, Italy to compare Extensively, current cultivation technique without soil is in the countries use development of more than 100, the whole world.

China's cultivation technique without soil research is started late with application, but more original cultivation technique without soil has long going through History, raw bean sprouts, kind narcissus are early on the books（Just have in the Song dynasty to evening）.But more regular scientific research and production application, then be near The thing of decades.Shandong Agricultural University started to be succeeded with vermiculite culture watermelon, cucumber, tomato etc. in 1975.1985 In academy of agricultural sciences of Hebei province Vegetable Research Institute, held national soilless culture meeting, set up China soilless culture group, and in 1986th, nationwide academic discussion, attendant up to hundred people have been held within 1987.In May, 1988, first Chinese is attended In the 7th annual meeting of international soilless culture association that Holland holds, and at the meeting deliver paper, cause many countries Attention.

Substrate culture is most widely used a kind of mode in cultivation technique without soil.It is to be fixed on the root system of crop In machine or inorganic matrix, by drip irrigation or the method for trickle irrigation, nutrition and moisture that supply crop growth needs.With The popularization and application of cultivation technique without soil, supporting non-soil culture technology is also arisen at the historic moment, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, nothing in 1987 The quantity of seedlings and soil, has accounted for the 33.5% of total nursery quantity, and many places have been realized in Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings.Non-soil culture Matrix is the indispensable raw material of industrial seedling rearing, and it is the dedicated substrate that preparation is needed according to seedling development.

Traditional vegetables nursery is that have seedlings and soil matrix, and the permeability of matrix is poor, quality weight, it has not been convenient to transport for long-distance, no It is adapted to large-scale industrialized vegetables nursery production, the existing batch production soilless raising seedling substrate of China is high due to matrix EC values, influence The water suction of budding and seedling cotyledon phase and mushroom out, nursery fertilizer practice is that fertilizer disposably is fitted on into matrix In, do not meet seedling development regulation of fertilizer requirement to fertilizer absorption from less to more.

The content of the invention

For the drawbacks described above of existing vegetables seedling-raising technique, a kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formula base that the present invention is provided Matter, solve that traditional vegetable seedling substrate permeability is poor, quality weight, be inconvenient to transport for long-distance, be not suitable for it is large-scale industrialized The problem of vegetables nursery production, while also solving matrix EC values height, influences budding and the water suction of seedling cotyledon phase With mushroom out, and do not meet the problem that seedling development absorbs regulation of fertilizer requirement from less to more to fertilizer.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：

A kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media includes：Turf 9050-1050L, perlite 160-180L, water 20-30L, battalion Nutrient solution concentration 50ppm-250ppm, EC value 0.3-0.5mS.cm^-1。

Wherein, the turf 1000L, perlite 160L, water 25L, nutrient solution concentration 50ppm-250ppm.

Wherein, the turf 1050L, perlite 180L, water 30L, nutrient solution concentration 50ppm-250ppm.

Wherein, the turf is the special turf of nursery, and the ratio of Cao Tan ﹕ perlites is about 6:1, matrix EC value are 0.3- 0.5mS.cm^-1Nutrient solution concentration 50ppm-250ppm, EC value：.

Wherein, comprise the following steps that：

Step one：Start vegetable seedling substrate special-purpose stirring machine；

Step 2：By the special turf of nursery, pour into vegetable seedling substrate special-purpose stirring machine with perlite and be stirred；

Step 3：Different according to turf dry and wet degree, add water 20-30L；

Step 4：Vegetable seedling substrate special-purpose stirring machine mixing time is 5 minutes；

Step 5：Pack is taken out after stirring standby；

Step 6：Species and different growing stage and rice shoot growing way according to nursery are poured and apply nutrient solution, pour apply nutrient solution concentration by Low to high 50ppm-250ppm.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：A kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media that the present invention is provided, EC values are relatively low, have Water suction beneficial to vegetable crop germination and seedling cotyledon phase and mushroom out.As the growth of seedling is to the demand of nutrient Gradually increase from less to more, suitable fertilizer type and concentration is provided in different growth phases, the need fertilizer rule of the growth of seedling that coincide Rule, therefore the seedling medium nursery is applied, crop seed is emerged neatly, and fast growth, seedling vigorous index is high, meets batch production and educates Seedling produces the international popular direction of Tree Precise Fertilization.

Specific embodiment

Further to illustrate technological means and its effect that the present invention is taken, it is preferable to carry out below in conjunction with of the invention Example is described in detail.

Different vegetable seedling medium contrast test

For studying thing and kind：Capsicum；

Hole tray specification：60cm long, 30cm wide, hole count：72 holes, per pore volume：32ml；

Experiment is chosen and 5 kinds of more vegetable seedling substrates is applied in production, and every kind of matrix is a treatment；Refer to table 1

Different vegetable seedling medium contrast test is reported

1 materials and methods

1.1 test periods and place

Test period：On June 12nd, 2015

Test site：Tieling County Fan He towns He Jia villages

1.2 test materials

For studying thing and kind：The distant green pepper of capsicum --- -- No. 11

Hole tray specification：60cm 30cm hole counts wide long：72 holes are per pore volume：32ml

1.3 experimental designs

Experiment is chosen and 8 kinds of more vegetable seedling substrates is applied in production, and every kind of matrix is a treatment, refers to table 1.

Table 1 participate in the experiment vegetables nursery base numbering：

Matrix is numbered	Vegetable seedling substrate of participating in the experiment is originated
		A	Prosperous leaf vegetable seedling substrate
B	All space vegetable seedling substrates
		C	Matrix of the present invention
D	Educate elegant vegetable seedling substrate
		E	Autumn plumage vegetable seedling substrate
F	The foster vegetable seedling substrate of richness

1.4 determine project and method

1.4.1 matrix physicochemical character is determined

Physical property mainly include unit weight, total porosity, spiracular slit, water holding hole, gas-water ratio, assay method：Take known volume （V）Container, claim quality（W1）, air-dried matrix to be measured is filled, claim quality（W2）, sealed with double gauze（Gauze quality is neglected Slightly disregard）, the container that will fill matrix is totally submerged 24 h in water, claims quality（W3）, by container upside down after taking-up, it is filtered dry gravity Water, claims quality（W4）, calculated using below equation：

Unit weight（g/cm3）=（W2-W1）/V；

Total porosity（%）=（W3-W2）/V×100%；

Ventilating slit（%）=（W3-W4）/V×100%；

Water holding hole（%）=（W4-W2）/V×100%；

Gas-water ratio=ventilating slit/water holding hole.

Matrix pH value, electrical conductivity EC values are determined：It is 1 by matrix and distilled water ratio：5 are extracted, and are taken filtrate and are used pH Meter and conductivity meter determine pH value, EC values.

1.4.2 seeding stage and emergence rate are investigated

Seeding stage：To a period of time for coming up after being broadcast from seed.Essential record starts to emerge, emergence rate reaches 70% and 90% Seedling-growing time.

Emergence rate：Seed breaks ground number of emerging/seed sum.In start after insemination and emergence count day emergence rate

1.4.3 growth of seedling data survey

When there is 61 heart of leaf, 10 plants of plant are randomly selected to the hole tray that each is tested carries out growth indexes measure, determines project Including plant height, stem be thick, complete stool dry weight, seedling vigorous index and G values are calculated, often treatment 3 repetitions of matrix, average.

2 results and analysis

The physicochemical character of 2.1 different substrates

The different substrates physicochemical character of table 2

Matrix	Unit weight	Total porosity (%)	Ventilating slit (%)	Water holding hole（%)	Gas-water ratio	pH	EC
								A	0.16	60.00	14.27	45.73	0.32	5.05	3.72
B	0.19	56.67	11.80	44.87	0.26	4.84	3.73
								C	0.12	74.94	22.27	52.67	0.42	7.19	0.29
D	0.31	69.13	9.53	59.60	0.16	6.96	1.05
								E	0.17	58.00	12.80	45.20	0.28	5.43	2.96
F	0.23	52.67	11.20	41.47	0.27	5.31	3.04

According to related data introduction, the preferable physical requirement of vegetable seedling substrate is：0.1 ~ 0.8g/cm of unit weight scope³, total pore space Degree>50%, ventilating slit 10% ~ 30%, water holding hole 40% ~ 70%, gas-water ratio 0.25-0.5.From table 2 it can be seen that participate in the experiment 6 Vegetable seedling substrate unit weight, total porosity, water holding hole, gas-water ratio are planted all in more satisfactory matrix indication range.Only matrix D bases The ventilating slit of matter is less than 10% normal range (NR), illustrates that the aeration of matrix D is poor.The total porosity of matrix C, aeration porosity, WGR numerical value highest, illustrates that the aeration of matrix C, water-retaining property are best.

PH value, electrical conductivity EC values are the chemical property indexs of vegetable seedling substrate.The pH value of vegetable seedling substrate is general just Normal scope is 5.0-7.5, from table 2 it can be seen that in addition to the pH value of matrix B is lower slightly, the pH value of other seedling mediums is all normal Within the scope of.The EC value highests of matrix B, the EC values of matrix C are minimum, and the EC values of Analysis of variance matrix treatments C are markedly inferior to Other vegetable seedling substrates（A、B、D、E、F）.The EC values of matrix are low, are conducive to after planting germination, the work of seedling autotrophy phase Thing absorbs water and fast-growth.

Influence of 2.2 different substrates to emergence rate

Influence of the different substrates of table 3 to capsicum emergence rate

From table 3 it can be seen that different substrates seedling-growing time is different, after planting the 8th day, its mesostroma C was emerged most fast；After planting 9 days, matrix A and C emergence rate was to reach more than 70%, and the emergence rate of matrix B is minimum；10th day, except matrix B emergence rates are 61.8%, up to more than 70%, the emergence rate of matrix A and C can reach more than 90% to other each matrix emergence rates, and speed of emergence is fast, goes out Seedling rate is high.Minimum 61.8 % of emergence rate of matrix B, speed of emergence is relatively slow, it may be possible to the physical behavior or base of matrix Nutrition in matter is sprouted to seed and is had a certain impact.1

2.2 different substrates are to the influence to growth of seedling

The seedling vigorous index of plant and the growth function (G values) of seedling are two important indicators for weighing vegetable seedling quality.From table 4, Different substrates have opposite impacts on to pepper seedling growth and can be seen that：Pepper seedling growth seedling vigorous index and the G values of matrix C Highest, Analysis of variance reaches the level of signifiance, illustrates that the nursery effect of matrix C is best.

The influence that the different substrates of table 4 grow to pepper seedling

Matrix

Plant height（cm)

Stem is thick（cm)

Ground dry weight (g)

Underground dry weight (g)

Complete stool dry weight (g)

Seedling vigorous index

G values（mg/d）

A

17.10 abc

3.21 c

0.362 ab

0.059 c

0.421 b

0.079 bc

12.76 b

B

13.49 e

2.99 d

0.275 c

0.058 c

0.333 c

0.074 cd

10.09 c

C

16.13 cd

3.27 bc

0.386 a

0.088 a

0.474 a

0.096 a

14.37 a

D

14.97 de

3.01 d

0.266 c

0.065 c

0.331 c

0.066 d

10.03 c

E

16.53 bcd

3.13 cd

0.326 b

0.080 ab

0.406 b

0.077 bc

12.29 b

F

17.83 ab

3.39 ab

0.389 a

0.060 c

0.449 ab

0.085 b

13.61 ab

3 conclusions and discussion

To the 6 parts of seedling mediums participated in the experiment, nutrient content height can be divided three classes from matrix：Nutrition is substantially free of in matrix, is needed Nursery whole process supplies nutrient solution（Matrix C）；Nutrition is rich in matrix, nursery whole process is not required to pour rich water, only pours clear water（Matrix B）；Base Contain a certain amount of nutrient in matter, nutrient solution is not poured in first 20 days after planting, only pour clear water, sowing starts to pour nutrient solution after 20 days （Matrix A, D, E, F, G, H）, concentration of fertilizer when this 6 matrix pour nutrient solution is consistent with matrix C.We press the institute of these matrix Be managed containing the rich water requirement of pouring that nutrient is different and producer proposes, fertilizer management carried out respectively, irrigation amount is consistent, be conducive to compared with Objectively response matrix effect.Concrete outcome is as follows：

1st, the speed of emergence of matrix C is fast neat, emergence rate is higher, seedling vigorous index and G value highests, variance analysis and other process phases Than reaching the significance level of difference.Illustrate treatment C matrix preferably, be arranged as first grade.Its reason is that the unit weight of matrix C is small, Total porosity, gas-water ratio are above other matrix, illustrate matrix ventilation good water-retaining property；The EC values for processing C matrix are minimum, are conducive to Germination and the moisture absorption of seedling autotrophy phase, as Growth of seedling is gradually increased, fertilizer concentration has and low to high gradually increases Plus, this kind of fertilizer mode meets the demand rule grown to fertilizer from less to more of seedling.Therefore, the seedling of C matrix is processed Speed of emergence is fast together, emergence rate is higher, emerge neat, and seedling vigorous index and G values are higher, and Quality of Seedlings is good.Process the fertilizer of C matrix Mode is identical with external industrial seedling rearing Tree Precise Fertilization mode.It is the direction of industrial seedling rearing.

2nd, the 10th day after planting of A, E, F matrix is processed, emergence rate all reaches more than 70%, and seedling vigorous index and G values are higher, Analyzed by this seedling vigorous index and G value parameters, second gear can be arranged as.Illustrate that these seedling mediums belong to preferable seedling medium.

3rd, the speed of emergence for the treatment of B matrix is slow, and seedling vigorous index and G values are relatively low, is analyzed by this seedling vigorous index and G value parameters, Third gear can be arranged as.Main cause is that to process the ventilation voidage of B matrix, water-holding porosity relatively low, is once participated in matrix More fertilizer, the EC values of matrix are significantly improved than processing the EC values of C matrix, and salt ionic concentration is higher in matrix, and influence is young Seedling growth water suction, causes the germination of seed and plant strain growth speed slowly, and increment is small, and seedling vigorous index and G values are relatively low.

4th, the speed of emergence for the treatment of D matrix is slow, and same period contrast growth increment is small, and seedling vigorous index and G values are minimum, strong by this Seedling index and G value parameters are analyzed, can ranking be fourth speed.Main cause is that the aeration porosity of the matrix is minimum, the thing of matrix Rationality is poor, is unfavorable for that seed is sprouted and the growth of seedling stalk system；The EC values of matrix are relatively low, fertilizer content with respect to other matrix compared with It is low, it is under the conditions of other matrix identical rich water quality managements, occur yellow leaf during plant strain growth, there is de- fertilizer phenomenon.

The above, specific embodiment only of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is any Those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, change or replacement can be readily occurred in, should all contain Cover within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention described should be defined by scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media, it is characterised in that including：Turf 950-1050L, perlite 160- 180L, water 20-30L, EC value 0.3-0.5mS.cm^-1。

2., according to the species and different growing stage and growing way of nursery, pour and apply nutrient solution concentration 50ppm-250ppm from low to high.

3. a kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the turf 1000L, perlite 160L, water 20-30L, EC value 0.3mS.cm^-1。

4. pour and apply nutrient solution concentration 50ppm-250ppm from low to high.

5. a kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the turf 1050L, perlite 180L, water 30L, 0.4mS.cm^-1, pour and apply nutrient solution concentration 50ppm-250pp from low to high.

6. a kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the turf is to educate The special turf of seedling, the ratio of Cao Tan ﹕ perlites is about 6:1, EC value：Matrix EC values are 0.3-0.5mS.cm^-1。

7. nutrient solution concentration 50-250ppm

A kind of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings formulation media according to claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that：

Step one：Start vegetable seedling substrate special-purpose stirring machine；

Step 2：By the special turf of nursery, pour into vegetable seedling substrate special-purpose stirring machine with perlite and be stirred；

Step 3：Different according to turf dry and wet degree, add water 20-30L；

Step 4：Vegetable seedling substrate special-purpose stirring machine mixing time is 5 minutes；

Step 5：Pack is taken out after stirring standby；

Step 6：Species and different growing stage and rice shoot growing way according to nursery are poured and apply nutrient solution, pour apply nutrient solution concentration by Low to high 50ppm-250pp.