CN106888902A - It is a kind of to improve the method that cork oak seed sows germination percentage - Google Patents
It is a kind of to improve the method that cork oak seed sows germination percentage Download PDFInfo
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- CN106888902A CN106888902A CN201710068915.XA CN201710068915A CN106888902A CN 106888902 A CN106888902 A CN 106888902A CN 201710068915 A CN201710068915 A CN 201710068915A CN 106888902 A CN106888902 A CN 106888902A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The method that cork oak seed sows germination percentage is improved the present invention relates to a kind of, is comprised the following steps：S1, seed collection and treatment：Selection cork oak elite stand, the seed that nature comes off is picked up in 9 October, is preserved using low temperature drying preservative；S2, garden ground are selected, do bed and soil disinfection：Selection is easily managed, illumination abundance, fertile soil, draining well, the nursery lot that has a good transport service, and carry out bed surface, after carry out 12 soil disinfections；S3, vernalization：Seed is carried out in the treatment fluid of seed immersion normal temperature after further heat drying, and is slowly heated to 35 DEG C, its natural cooling is made after 5 6h of insulation, repeat above-mentioned heating, insulation and natural cooling step 23 times；S4, sowing：It is seeded on seedbed after being soaked with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate；S5, seedling management：The laggard seedlings in the ranks of 25 30d and fill the gaps with seedlings.The method of the present invention ensure that cork oak germination is neat, improve germination percentage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cork oak reproduction technique, more particularly to a kind of method for improving cork oak seed sowing germination percentage.
Background technology
Cork oak (scientific name：Quercus variabilis Bl.), belong to Fagales, Fagaceae deciduous tree, tree crown is wide
Avette, trunk is more, taupe, deep lobe, and phellem layer is special thick, is the important commerical tree species of China.
The seed of cork oak is general ripe in late September~early October, because it is without rest period, and this season most gas
Warm higher, humidity is larger, and seed not only easily goes mouldy, germinates, it is often more important that easily go out worm, and pole is unfavorable for preserving, transports, or even sternly
Ghost image rings germination and the emergence rate of seed, relative increase seedling cost.Prior art preserves cork oak using sand storage method mostly
Seed, it is necessary to stir seed and be decreased obviously by seed vitality after prolonged sand storage daily, and because cork oak seed is
Recalcitrant seeds, are about 50-60% and growing way differ by the germination percentage of the cork oak seed after sand storage, are unfavorable for cork oak
Afforestation.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, there is provided a kind of method that can greatly improve cork oak seeding and seedling raising survival rate,
The present invention provides following technical scheme：
It is a kind of to improve the method that cork oak seed sows germination percentage, comprise the following steps：
S1, seed collection and treatment：Selection 30-40 raw cork oak elite stand, the kind that nature comes off is picked up in the 9-10 months
Son, and elite seed makes seed amount be maintained at 260-300/kg, and moisture in seed is reduced into 9- using thermostatic drying chamber
It is stored under -5-0 DEG C of cryogenic conditions after 10%；
Conventional ultra-drying storage method is that water content is reduced to after less than 5%, sealing in room temperature or somewhat lowers the temperature bar in planting
The method of stored seedses under part, ultra-drying storage method can effectively extend seed longeivity, keep seed vitality, but for cork oak kind
Son, because itself water content is higher, if moisture in its kind is down to it is too low, easily make seed vigor decline so as to be unfavorable for after
The seed priming of phase, but if moisture can influence the life-span of seed again more than 10% in planting, therefore moisture in cork oak kind is controlled
Between 9-10% and it is aided with lower temperature and is preserved, its longevity can be extended on the premise of cork oak seed vitality is ensured
Life.
S2, garden ground are selected, do bed and soil disinfection：Selection is easily managed, illumination abundance, fertile soil, draining are good, friendship
Lead to convenient nursery lot preferably, ploughed deeply comprehensively in late fall or early winter and use sufficient farm manure to garden, 2 months next year carried out bed surface,
Height of bed 40cm, width 1.0m, 10m long, pavement 45cm wide, in the middle of slightly higher, surrounding is lower slightly, bed surface is smooth, after carry out 1-2 soil
Sterilization；
S3, vernalization：Seed is first carried out into heat drying, temperature is no more than 40 DEG C, moisture in seed is reduced to 5-6%,
By in the treatment fluid of seed immersion normal temperature after natural cooling, and it is slowly heated to 35 DEG C, its natural cooling is made after insulation 5-6h, then
Repeat above-mentioned heating, insulation and natural cooling step 2-3 times；The treatment fluid is by the following component group that is calculated in mass percent
Into：The mannitol of PEG4000,3-5% of 10-11%, calcium chloride 1-3%, remaining be in water, and every gram for the treatment of fluid containing 4 ×
108-10×108Individual bacillus subtilis；
Make in cork oak kind that moisture is of short duration to remain at low levels before seed soaking, the seed infiltration of auxiliary enhancing later stage can be played
The effect of regulation, the limitation tissue around reduction Interior Seed radicle that can be temporary transient so that treatment fluid is more easy to penetrate into kind of an intracutaneous
Portion, so as to promote the reparation of cell membrane, the activity of some enzymes of raising germination seed；Meanwhile, vernalization treatment of the invention will also
The temperature adjustment elicitation technique of seed is combined with osmotic adjustment elicitation technique, is become by the temperature in Reasonable Regulation And Control pregermination procedure
Change the neat rate for improving and sprouting.
Treatment fluid of the invention increased mannitol and bacillus subtilis compared to traditional PEG with the mixed solution of salt
Bacterium, degree and state that PEG solution is absorbed water by colloid osmotic potential come regulating cell can make the water suction of seed tend towards stability and together
Stepization, final to improve germination rate and neat rate, on the one hand wherein mannitol be used to adjust osmotic pressure so that PEG solution is to seed
Osmosis tend to slow, on the other hand serve it is anti-sticking, for prevent treatment fluid be stranded in the surface of the seed reduction after planting
Influence to soil.
S4, sowing：With 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 15min, take out, with flowing water clean seed 5min after broadcast
Plant on the seedbed put in order；By the sowing of 30cm away from trench digging, furrow width 7cm, ditch depth 5cm, seed are spaced about 3cm with seed,
Cover the thick fragmentary yellow soils of 1.5-2cm, spray 1 time is permeable, then covers straw moisture-heat preservation, and application rate is 1400-1550kg/
hm2；The germination percentage of cork oak seed can be improved to more than 90% using the method for the present invention.
S5, seedling management：The laggard seedlings in the ranks of 25-30d and fill the gaps with seedlings.
Further, intensity of illumination is used during the heat drying of step S3 to be carried out for the light of 1500-2500 luxs
Seed illuminating treatment, experiment proves that addition this process step of illumination is for reduction Interior Seed radicle during heat drying
The limitation tissue of surrounding has obvious effect.
Further, 38 DEG C are warming up to the speed of 5-10 DEG C/min during heat drying in step S3, keep permanent afterwards
Temperature is completed until drying, and the transition that slow temperature-rise period can wake up as seed from low-temperature condition can be avoided excessive
Temperature difference carrys out irreversible injury to seed belt.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：Viability and vigor after cork oak the storage of seeds can be greatly improved, and is led to
The speed and regularity that osmotic adjustment is crossed with the dual elicitation technique of temperature adjustment to control seed to sprout, not only increase cork
The germination percentage of oak seed, the neat rate for also improving rudiment.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1,
It is a kind of to improve the method that cork oak seed sows germination percentage, comprise the following steps：
S1, seed collection and treatment：30 years raw cork oak elite stands of selection, the seed that nature comes off is picked up mid-September,
And elite seed makes seed amount be maintained at 260-300/kg, and moisture in seed is reduced into 9-10% using thermostatic drying chamber
It is stored in afterwards under 0 DEG C of constant temperature；
S2, garden ground are selected, do bed and soil disinfection：Selection is easily managed, illumination abundance, fertile soil, draining are good, friendship
Lead to convenient nursery lot preferably, ploughed deeply comprehensively in late fall or early winter and use sufficient farm manure to garden, 2 months next year carried out bed surface,
Height of bed 40cm, width 1.0m, 10m long, pavement 45cm wide, in the middle of slightly higher, surrounding is lower slightly, bed surface is smooth, after carry out 1 soil and disappear
Poison；1 time 20% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution 12t/hm is sprayed in the present embodiment on the bed surface put in order2For soil disinfection, after 7d
Can sowing.
S3, vernalization：Seed is first carried out into heat drying, 38 DEG C are warming up to the speed of 5 DEG C/min, constant temperature kept afterwards and is made
Moisture is reduced to 5-6% in seed, using the illumination irradiation seed of 1800 luxs during whole heat drying, then
By seed natural cooling, and immerse in the treatment fluid of normal temperature, and be slowly heated to 35 DEG C, its natural cooling is made after insulation 5h, then
Repeat above-mentioned heating, insulation and natural cooling step 2 time；The treatment fluid is made up of the following component being calculated in mass percent：
10% PEG4000,4% mannitol, calcium chloride 2%, remaining is containing 4 × 10 in water, and every gram for the treatment of fluid8-10×108
Individual bacillus subtilis；
S4, sowing：With 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 15min, take out, with flowing water clean seed 5min after broadcast
Plant on the seedbed put in order；By the sowing of 30cm away from trench digging, furrow width 7cm, ditch depth 5cm, seed are spaced about 3cm with seed,
Cover the thick fragmentary yellow soils of 1.5-2cm, spray 1 time is permeable, then covers straw moisture-heat preservation, and application rate is 1500kg/hm2。
S5, seedling management：The laggard seedlings in the ranks of 25-30d and fill the gaps with seedlings.
Embodiment 2,
It is a kind of to improve the method that cork oak seed sows germination percentage, comprise the following steps：
S1, seed collection and treatment：40 years raw cork oak elite stands of selection, the seed that nature comes off is picked up mid-September,
And elite seed makes seed amount be maintained at 260-300/kg, and moisture in seed is reduced into 9-10% using thermostatic drying chamber
It is stored under -2 DEG C of cryogenic conditions afterwards；
S2, garden ground are selected, do bed and soil disinfection：Selection is easily managed, illumination abundance, fertile soil, draining are good, friendship
Lead to convenient nursery lot preferably, ploughed deeply comprehensively in late fall or early winter and use sufficient farm manure to garden, 2 months next year carried out bed surface,
Height of bed 40cm, width 1.0m, 10m long, pavement 45cm wide, in the middle of slightly higher, surrounding is lower slightly, bed surface is smooth, after carry out 2 soil and disappear
Poison；
S3, vernalization：Seed is first carried out into heat drying, 38 DEG C is warming up to the speed of 15 DEG C/min, and make water in seed
Divide and be reduced to 5-6%, using the illumination irradiation seed of 2000 luxs during the entire process of heat drying, will be planted after natural cooling
In the treatment fluid of son immersion normal temperature, and be slowly heated to 35 DEG C, its natural cooling made after insulation 5-6h, repeat above-mentioned heating,
Insulation and natural cooling step 3 time；The treatment fluid is made up of the following component being calculated in mass percent：11% PEG4000,
4% mannitol, calcium chloride 3%, remaining is containing 4 × 10 in water, and every gram for the treatment of fluid8-10×108Individual bacillus subtilis；
S4, sowing：With 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 15min, take out, with flowing water clean seed 5min after broadcast
Plant on the seedbed put in order；By the sowing of 30cm away from trench digging, furrow width 7cm, ditch depth 5cm, seed are spaced about 3cm with seed,
Cover the thick fragmentary yellow soils of 1.5-2cm, spray 1 time is permeable, then covers straw moisture-heat preservation, and application rate is 1500kg/hm2。
S5, seedling management：The laggard seedlings in the ranks of 25-30d and fill the gaps with seedlings.
Comparative example 1,
It is a kind of to improve the method that cork oak seed sows germination percentage, comprise the following steps：
S1, seed collection and treatment：30 years raw cork oak elite stands of selection, the seed that nature comes off is picked up mid-September,
And elite seed makes seed amount be maintained at 260-300/kg, after moisture in seed is reduced into 4% using thermostatic drying chamber
It is stored in room temperature；
S2, garden ground are selected, do bed and soil disinfection：Selection is easily managed, illumination abundance, fertile soil, draining are good, friendship
Lead to convenient nursery lot preferably, ploughed deeply comprehensively in late fall or early winter and use sufficient farm manure to garden, 2 months next year carried out bed surface,
Height of bed 40cm, width 1.0m, 10m long, pavement 45cm wide, in the middle of slightly higher, surrounding is lower slightly, bed surface is smooth, after carry out 1 soil and disappear
Poison.
S3, vernalization：Seed is first carried out into heat drying, 38 DEG C are warming up to the speed of 5 DEG C/min, constant temperature kept afterwards and is made
Moisture is reduced to 5-6% in seed, using the illumination irradiation seed of 1800 luxs during whole heat drying, then
By seed natural cooling, and immerse in the treatment fluid of normal temperature, and be slowly heated to 35 DEG C, its natural cooling is made after insulation 5h, then
Repeat above-mentioned heating, insulation and natural cooling step 2 time；The treatment fluid is made up of the following component being calculated in mass percent：
10% PEG4000,4% mannitol, calcium chloride 2%, remaining is containing 4 × 10 in water, and every gram for the treatment of fluid8-10×108
Individual bacillus subtilis；
S4, sowing：With 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 15min, take out, with flowing water clean seed 5min after broadcast
Plant on the seedbed put in order；By the sowing of 30cm away from trench digging, furrow width 7cm, ditch depth 5cm, seed are spaced about 3cm with seed,
Cover the thick fragmentary yellow soils of 1.5-2cm, spray 1 time is permeable, then covers straw moisture-heat preservation, and application rate is 1500kg/hm2。
S5, seedling management：The laggard seedlings in the ranks of 25-30d and fill the gaps with seedlings.
Comparative example 2,
It is a kind of to improve the method that cork oak seed sows germination percentage, comprise the following steps：
S1, seed collection and treatment：30 years raw cork oak elite stands of selection, the seed that nature comes off is picked up mid-September,
And elite seed makes seed amount be maintained at 260-300/kg, and moisture in seed is reduced into 9-10% using thermostatic drying chamber
It is stored in afterwards under 0 DEG C of constant temperature；
S2, garden ground are selected, do bed and soil disinfection：Selection is easily managed, illumination abundance, fertile soil, draining are good, friendship
Lead to convenient nursery lot preferably, ploughed deeply comprehensively in late fall or early winter and use sufficient farm manure to garden, 2 months next year carried out bed surface,
Height of bed 40cm, width 1.0m, 10m long, pavement 45cm wide, in the middle of slightly higher, surrounding is lower slightly, bed surface is smooth, after carry out 1 soil and disappear
Poison；1 time 20% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution 12t/hm is sprayed in the present embodiment on the bed surface put in order2For soil disinfection, after 7d
Can sowing.
S3, vernalization：Seed is first carried out into heat drying, 38 DEG C are warming up to the speed of 15 DEG C/min, keep constant temperature simultaneously afterwards
Moisture in seed is reduced to 5-6%, then by seed natural cooling, and immerse in warm water be incubated 5h after make its natural cooling,
Repeat above-mentioned heating, insulation and natural cooling step 2 time；
S4, sowing：With 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 15min, take out, with flowing water clean seed 5min after broadcast
Plant on the seedbed put in order；By the sowing of 30cm away from trench digging, furrow width 7cm, ditch depth 5cm, seed are spaced about 3cm with seed,
Cover the thick fragmentary yellow soils of 1.5-2cm, spray 1 time is permeable, then covers straw moisture-heat preservation, and application rate is 1500kg/hm2。
S5, seedling management：The laggard seedlings in the ranks of 25-30d and fill the gaps with seedlings.
The method of above-described embodiment 1-2 and comparative example 1-2 is respectively adopted is used for the seeding and seedling raising experiment of cork oak, tests number
According to as follows：
| Germination percentage | Seed Integrated vigor Index | Seedling percent | |
| Embodiment 1 | 93% | 38.1 | 97.8% |
| Embodiment 2 | 89% | 34.2 | 96.5% |
| Comparative example 1 | 75% | 12.0 | 74.3% |
| Comparative example 2 | 78% | 19.5 | 78.9% |
From above-mentioned test data, the method for the method better than embodiment 2 of embodiment 1；Comparative analysis embodiment 1 with it is right
Ratio 1 understands that comparing conventional ultra-drying storage method using the cryopreservation method of " half-dried " formula of the invention is more beneficial for cork
The preservation of oak seed, is capable of the holding seed vitality of high degree, improves germination percentage；Comparative analysis embodiment 1 can with comparative example 2
Know, treatment fluid seed soaking has obvious advantage compared to conventional water seed soaking.
With above-mentioned according to desirable embodiment of the present invention as enlightenment, by above-mentioned description, relevant staff is complete
Various changes and amendments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the technological thought of the present invention'.This invention it is technical
Scope is not limited to the content on specification, it is necessary to its technical scope is determined according to right.
Claims (3)
1. it is a kind of to improve the method that cork oak seed sows germination percentage, it is characterised in that to comprise the following steps：
S1, seed collection and treatment：Selection 30-40 raw cork oak elite stand, the seed that nature comes off is picked up in the 9-10 months, and
Elite seed makes seed amount be maintained at 260-300/kg, after moisture in seed is reduced into 9-10% using thermostatic drying chamber
It is stored under -5-0 DEG C of cryogenic conditions；
S2, garden ground are selected, do bed and soil disinfection：Selection be easily managed, illumination abundance, fertile soil, draining well, traffic side
Just nursery lot preferably, is ploughed deeply and is used sufficient farm manure to garden comprehensively in late fall or early winter, and 2 months next year carried out bed surface, the height of bed
40cm, width 1.0m, 10m long, pavement 45cm wide, in the middle of slightly higher, surrounding is lower slightly, bed surface is smooth, after carry out 1-2 soil and disappear
Poison；
S3, vernalization：Seed is first carried out into heat drying, temperature is no more than 40 DEG C, moisture in seed is reduced to 5-6%, natural
By in the treatment fluid of seed immersion normal temperature after cooling, and it is slowly heated to 35 DEG C, its natural cooling is made after insulation 5-6h, repeats
Above-mentioned heating, insulation and natural cooling step 2-3 times；The treatment fluid is made up of the following component being calculated in mass percent：10-
The mannitol of 11% PEG4000,3-5%, calcium chloride 1-3%, remaining is containing 4 × 10 in water, and every gram for the treatment of fluid8-10
×108Individual bacillus subtilis；
S4, sowing：With 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 15min, take out, with flowing water clean seed 5min after be seeded in
On the seedbed put in order；By the sowing of 30cm away from trench digging, furrow width 7cm, ditch depth 5cm, seed are spaced about 3cm, cover with seed
1.5-2cm thick fragmentary yellow soil, spray 1 time is permeable, then covers straw moisture-heat preservation, and application rate is 1400-1550kg/hm2；
S5, seedling management：The laggard seedlings in the ranks of 25-30d and fill the gaps with seedlings.
2. the method that a kind of raising cork oak seed as claimed in claim 1 sows germination percentage, it is characterised in that：Step S3's
Intensity of illumination is used during heat drying carries out seed illuminating treatment for the light of 1500-2500 luxs.
3. the method that a kind of raising cork oak seed as claimed in claim 1 sows germination percentage, it is characterised in that：In step S3
38 DEG C are warming up to the speed of 5-10 DEG C/min during heat drying, keep constant temperature afterwards completes until drying.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108243814A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-07-06 | 河南龙源花木有限责任公司 | Oak class seed propagation in scale nursery stock technology |
| CN109220448A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-18 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | The direct seeding forestation method of cork oak |
| CN112931019A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-06-11 | 湖南省森林植物园 | Seedling raising method for quercus acutissima seeds |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108243814A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-07-06 | 河南龙源花木有限责任公司 | Oak class seed propagation in scale nursery stock technology |
| CN109220448A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-18 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | The direct seeding forestation method of cork oak |
| CN112931019A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-06-11 | 湖南省森林植物园 | Seedling raising method for quercus acutissima seeds |
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Application publication date: 20170627 |
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