CN1068860A - 硬质奥氏体不锈钢螺钉 - Google Patents
硬质奥氏体不锈钢螺钉 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
先使硬质奥氏体不锈钢螺钉的表层形成氮化层，
然后覆以镀层或树脂涂层，以使螺钉本身具有短钻孔
时间和高表面硬度之类的性能。
Description
本发明涉及一种硬质奥氏体不锈钢螺钉。这种螺钉的表层先被形成硬质氮化层，然后覆以镀层或树脂涂层。
许多种螺钉，例如图3、4和5所示的自攻螺钉（20）、钻式自攻螺钉（drilling tapping screw）（21）和用于把石膏板、耐热板或诸如此类板固定到基层材料（例如轻型铁和钢的片材或板材）上的清水墙螺钉（22），一般都可在市场上买到。在用自攻螺钉（20）时，在基层材料上所形成钻孔的直径小于自攻螺钉的直径，和自攻螺钉挤入基层材料中，而用钻式自攻螺钉（21）和清水墙螺钉（22）时，根本不形成这样的钻孔，但螺钉端的钻孔部分或刀口本身可使基层材料具有螺纹的孔。这种类型的材料通常包括铁的渗碳钢之类材料以及不锈钢材料。不锈钢材料中特别常用的是不含镍的马丁不锈钢SUS 410。这类材料的螺钉，当其为原态时，简直不可用，但是镀了各种镀层后，是可用的。不过即使其镀了镀层，也还是也一些缺点，即易生锈，或抗酸（例如硫酸和硝酸）和抗酸雨腐蚀性低。
除了上述的马丁不锈钢材料外，含7～19%（重量）镍的奥氏体不锈钢材料都是可用的。为了可在不作镀敷或类似镀敷处理的情况下使用这种类型的不锈钢，应使表面变成具有高抗腐蚀性的惰性表层。但由于这种类型奥氏体不锈钢所具有的表面硬度基本上是低的，因此当它用于上述各种用途时，强度上有严重的局限性。
本发明者曾开发了一种旨在克服上述缺点的提高表面硬度的方法。该方法是，使奥氏体不锈钢表面氮化，以形成氮化层。本发明者曾在日本提出这种方法的申请（见日本专利申请号1-177660这种氮化不锈钢具有高的表面硬度。但是这种奥氏不锈钢用于上述用途时，所显示的缺点有：长的钻孔时间;螺钉头部破裂和（或）螺钉头部断裂或变软，以及表面的氮化层生锈。
因此，本发明的目的是解决长钻孔时间之类的问题，解决方法是通过在奥氏体不锈钢螺钉的表面上形成氮化层，以得到高的表面硬度，和通过在氮化表层上形成镀层或树脂涂层，以得到平滑性。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种硬质奥氏体不锈钢螺钉，这种奥氏体不锈钢螺钉本体的表层被形成氮化层，而该氮化表层又覆以镀层或树脂涂层。
换言之，本发明的奥氏体不锈钢螺钉通过使表层成为氮化层而具有高的表面硬度。当这类螺钉用于各种要求的用途时，它表现出具有高的强度性能。此外，由于它是因氮化层表面覆以镀层或树脂涂层所造成的平滑性，因此能实现大大地缩短钻孔时间。本发明螺钉所具有的优点是，镀层或树脂涂层的存在可防止在螺钉的氮化层上生锈。即使把螺钉长期贮存或放置在含水气氛中，也不会因此生锈。此外，这种螺钉还具有另一优点，即在氮化层表面镀敷之后，具有与不锈钢相同的光泽度。
图1所示的为用于本发明的热处理炉的结构图。
图2所示的为实施例之一的螺钉螺纹部分横截面电子显微照片（放大倍度＝100）的示意图。
图3、4和5所示的为本发明螺钉的说明图。
首先装备用于实施例的热处理炉。如图1所示，该炉1为均热炉，它由四周设有安装在外壳2内的加热丝3的内容器4、插在其中的进口管5和废气管6所组成。气体供应是通过气体进口管5。该气体来自气瓶15和16，途经流量计17和阀18等。用靠马达7带动的风扇8搅动容器内的气体。放在金属容器11内的工件10被装在炉中。图1中的参考号数13表示真空泵，14表示有毒物质清除器。含氟或氟化物的反应气体（例如由NF3和N2组成的混合气）被引入到上述炉内，并在所规定的反应温度下与待处理工件一道被加热。温度为250～400℃时，NF3放出新生态氟，利用它清除金属工件上的有机和无机污染物，这种新生态氟还同时迅速与金属工件表面上的主要元素铁和铬反应，和（或）与存在于金属工件表面上的氧化物（例如FeO、Fe3O4和Cr2O3）反应。结果是，在工件表面形成含有象FeF2、FeF3、CrF2和CrF4之类金属成分化合物的、非常薄的氟化层。形成上述化合物的反应例如如下：
这些反应使工件表面上的氧化层转变成氟化层，吸附在表面上的氧也同时因此而被除去。在无O2、H2和H2O的场合，上述氟化层在温度低于600℃下是稳定的，可防止在紧接着的氮化步骤之前在金属基层上形成氧化层和吸附O2。不仅在工件表面上会形成氟化层，而且在制炉材料表面上也会形成氟化层。这种稳定的氟化层可使对制炉材料表面的损失减少到最低程度，因为它具有保护作用。
然后，将这种经上述含氟或氟化物反应气体处理过的工件在480～700℃的氮化温度下加热。当在所述的加热条件下加入NH3或由NH3和碳源气（例如RX气）所组成的混合气时，通过H2或痕迹量水（在引入RX气之前将由N2和H2组成的混合气引入炉中）的还原作用或破坏作用，以使工件10的表面具有活性金属基层。
这种活性金属基层一形成，活性N原子就被吸附在其上，然后进入金属结构和向内扩散，结果是在表面形成含氮化物（例如CrN、Fe2N、Fe3N和Fe4N）的化合物层（氮化层）。然后在其上形成镀层或树脂涂层。用作镀层的有许多种镀层，例如锌镀层、镍锌镀层和锡镀层。镀层的厚度被定为25微米到1微米，最好为5±3微米。通过将上述各种镀层之一与一种光泽铬酸膜合在一起可制得一种组合镀层。用作树脂涂层的有氟树脂涂层、氯乙烯树脂涂层和聚烯烃之类的热塑性树脂涂层，例如聚乙烯涂层、聚丙烯涂层或诸如此类的涂层。涂层的厚度被定为25微米到1微米，最好为3±2微米。此外，象酚醛树脂和环氧树脂之类的热固性树脂也是可用的。制备这些树脂涂层的方法是，例如把螺钉本体浸在上述树脂溶液中，或把树脂喷到螺钉上，然后加热干燥。
使用上述处理炉时，按以下方法对螺钉本体进行具体处理。
实施例1
试验工件为SUS 305不锈钢制钻式自攻螺钉。先用三氯乙烯使工件净化，然后将工件装入图1中所示的处理炉1中，和在含2%（重量）NF3的N2气氛中保持在300℃下15分钟，然后加热到700℃，并在此温度下对工件进行氮化处理5小时，同时将由50%NH3和50%N2组成的混合气送入炉中。然后对工件进行空气冷却，和从炉中取出工件。
如此得到的所有工件的氮化层在厚度上都是均匀的。其表面硬度为700～800Hv（维氏硬度），而基层材料部分的硬度为270～290Hv。
接着，将用上述方法制得的试样装入锌罐炉（图中未绘出）中，使在各试样上的均形成镀锌+光泽铬酸盐膜的镀层。在此情况下镀层的厚度被定为5微米。
然后，将所得到的试样浸在由含Si-O-R基的有机涂料液和无机涂料液所组成的组合涂料液中，以形成厚度为5微米的涂膜。
图2所示的为沉积有多层的试样（钻式自攻螺钉）的一个螺纹。镀层C被形成在氮化层B之上。符号A表示金属基层。
用由此得到的10个试样对冷轧钢板SPCC进行了2.3t和1.6t拧紧试验。用对比试样中的10个试样（这些试样仅氮化过）进行了同样的试验。试验结果示于表1。拧紧试验是按照JIS（日本工业标准）进行的。
表1
2.3t 1.6t
对比试样(仅氮化 在2.5～4.5 在4.5～6.5
过的螺钉) 秒内拧紧了10个 秒内拧紧了10个
螺钉 螺钉中的7个(3
个的头破碎)
本发明的试样 在1.2～1.5 在1.5～4.0
秒内拧紧了10个 秒内拧紧了10个
螺钉 螺钉
实施例2
本实施例用SUS 316清水墙螺钉代替实施例1所用的自攻螺钉。象实施例1一样，也对该螺钉进行了氮化，然后镀敷镍+锌和光泽铬酸盐膜，然后浸在由含Si-O-R基的有机涂料液和无机涂料液所组成的组合涂料中。对由此得到的螺钉和仅氮化过的对比试样进行了喷中性盐试验。试验结果示于表2。
表2
对比试样(仅氮化过 4小时后生红色锈
的螺钉)
本发明的螺钉试样 480小时后生白色锈
对本发明制得的制品进行了沸腾5%H2SO4试验。试验结果是，损失量为8克/平方米·小时。这证明损失量是非常小的。
实施例3
使用与实施例1中所用的相同类型的钻式自攻螺钉，与实施例1一样也在其上形成了氮化层。按10%重量浓度，将聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）粉末分散在石脑油中，制备分散液。然后将已形成了氮化层的钻式自攻螺钉浸在分散液中，在使石脑油溶剂蒸发和分散之后装入热处理炉（图中未绘出）中，并在360～380℃下烘烤，又以形成5微米厚的树脂涂层。
按照JIS对在本实施例中得到的制品进行了拧紧试验和喷中性盐试验，所得的结果与实施例1和2中所得制品相同。
在上述实施例中，总要在氮化之前用NF3气进行预处理，不过可用单一的BF3、CF4、HF、SF6、F2、C2F6、WF6、CHF3、SiF4或诸如此类的化合物代替NF4，或用它们的混合物代替NF3，也可把它们与NF3合起来用。除上述气体外，还可用通过裂化设备裂化含F化合物（例如BF3、CF4、HF、SF6、C2F6、WF6、CHF3、SiF4）所制得的F2作含氟或氟化物气体。当用要裂化的化合物（例如BF3）时，应在加热炉前或附近设置一个裂化器，以对所述化合物进行热裂化。然后将裂化得的F2与N2混合，并将混合得混合物引入炉中。用于本发明的含氟或氟化物气体包括上述通过裂化制得的F2。上述不锈钢材料在所述的含氟或氟化物气体下被加热和维持在150～600℃下（最好在300～500℃下），以对材料表面进行预处理（气体重量浓度为0.05～20%，宜为2～7%，更宜为3～5%），接着用众所周知的氮化用气（例如，氨）使材料氮化（或碳氮化）。但是有可能在不用上述含氟或氟化物（例如NF3）气体对材料预处理的情况下直接形成氮化层。在上述实施例中，虽然镀层是由-Ni-Zn电镀层和一光泽铬酸盐膜形成的，但是可用化学镀层代替Ni-Zn电镀层。用Ni-Zn镀层、Zn-镀层、锡镀层或Ni-化学镀层代替光泽铬酸盐膜，仅可形成一种镀层。对于镀敷方法来说，广为采用的方法有许多种，例如电镀法、热浸法和化学镀法。对于树脂涂层来说，不仅可形成单层的树脂涂层，而且可形成沉积有两种树脂层的组合的或多层的树脂涂层。可用的形成涂层用树脂，不仅有均聚物，而且有以前提到过的共聚物。
如上所述，对于本发明的奥氏体不锈钢钉，由于其表层形成了氮化层，表面硬度极高，因此在拧紧性或诸如其类似性能方面是最好的和适当的。尤其是覆以镀层的表层，依靠镀层所产生的平滑作用，使得拧紧性能真正得到明显的改善。此外，由于易于生锈的氮化层与外面的空气隔开，因而当把此不锈钢工件长期保存和放置在水份的气氛中时可防止生锈。此外，由于镀敷使得工件具有光泽，因此螺钉的外观象不锈钢材料。
Claims (2)
1、一种硬质奥氏体不锈钢螺钉，特征在于，其表层被先形成氮化层，然后覆以镀层或树脂涂层。
2、根据权利要求1所述的硬质奥氏体不锈钢螺钉，其中所述的镀层是复合镀层，其中的光泽铬酸盐层重叠地形成在锌镀层、镍一锌镀层或锡镀层之上。
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES91306540T ES2067872T3 (es) | 1991-07-18 | 1991-07-18 | Un tornillo de acero inoxidable austenitico duro. |
| AT91306540T ATE117742T1 (de) | 1991-07-18 | 1991-07-18 | Schraube aus hartem rostfreiem austenitischem stahl. |
| DK91306540.5T DK0523298T3 (da) | 1991-07-18 | 1991-07-18 | Hård austenitisk rustfri stålskrue |
| EP91306540A EP0523298B1 (en) | 1991-07-18 | 1991-07-18 | A hard austenitic stainless steel screw |
| DE69107067T DE69107067T2 (de) | 1991-07-18 | 1991-07-18 | Schraube aus hartem rostfreiem austenitischem Stahl. |
| CN91105086A CN1032159C (zh) | 1991-07-18 | 1991-07-24 | 硬质奥氏体不锈钢螺钉 |
| US08/285,630 US5417776A (en) | 1991-07-17 | 1994-08-04 | Hard austenitic stainless steel screw |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91306540A EP0523298B1 (en) | 1991-07-18 | 1991-07-18 | A hard austenitic stainless steel screw |
| CN91105086A CN1032159C (zh) | 1991-07-18 | 1991-07-24 | 硬质奥氏体不锈钢螺钉 |
| US08/285,630 US5417776A (en) | 1991-07-17 | 1994-08-04 | Hard austenitic stainless steel screw |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1068860A true CN1068860A (zh) | 1993-02-10 |
| CN1032159C CN1032159C (zh) | 1996-06-26 |
Family
ID=27178993
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91105086A Expired - Fee Related CN1032159C (zh) | 1991-07-17 | 1991-07-24 | 硬质奥氏体不锈钢螺钉 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5417776A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0523298B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1032159C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE117742T1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69107067T2 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK0523298T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2067872T3 (zh) |
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| US4964774A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1990-10-23 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Coated metal fastener |
-
1991
- 1991-07-18 ES ES91306540T patent/ES2067872T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-18 DK DK91306540.5T patent/DK0523298T3/da active
- 1991-07-18 DE DE69107067T patent/DE69107067T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-18 AT AT91306540T patent/ATE117742T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-18 EP EP91306540A patent/EP0523298B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-24 CN CN91105086A patent/CN1032159C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-08-04 US US08/285,630 patent/US5417776A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101461030B (zh) * | 2006-03-23 | 2013-04-17 | 蒂姆肯公司 | 耐磨耐蚀涂层 |
| CN101371052B (zh) * | 2006-10-11 | 2011-04-06 | 株式会社托普拉 | 自攻螺钉用涂覆剂、由其在自攻螺钉外周形成涂层的方法、具有该涂层的自攻螺钉 |
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| CN107109665B (zh) * | 2014-12-24 | 2019-08-30 | 西铁城时计株式会社 | 钟表螺钉及其制造方法 |
| CN110468369A (zh) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-19 | 国联螺丝工业股份有限公司 | 300系列不锈钢螺丝扣件氮化热处理制程 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK0523298T3 (da) | 1995-06-19 |
| ES2067872T3 (es) | 1995-04-01 |
| ATE117742T1 (de) | 1995-02-15 |
| CN1032159C (zh) | 1996-06-26 |
| DE69107067T2 (de) | 1995-06-01 |
| EP0523298A1 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
| EP0523298B1 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
| DE69107067D1 (de) | 1995-03-09 |
| US5417776A (en) | 1995-05-23 |
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