CN1068402C - 单扇或双扇式推拉门、转推门或间隔门 - Google Patents

单扇或双扇式推拉门、转推门或间隔门 Download PDF

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CN1068402C
CN1068402C CN94190756A CN94190756A CN1068402C CN 1068402 C CN1068402 C CN 1068402C CN 94190756 A CN94190756 A CN 94190756A CN 94190756 A CN94190756 A CN 94190756A CN 1068402 C CN1068402 C CN 1068402C
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door
main shaft
clutch
leaf
described door
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CN1115184A (zh
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马丁·菲克
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Knorr-Bremse GmbH
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Ife Industrie Einrichtungen Fertigungs Ag
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/632—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
    • E05F15/652—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings operated by screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/40—Safety devices, e.g. detection of obstructions or end positions
    • E05F15/42—Detection using safety edges
    • E05F15/43—Detection using safety edges responsive to disruption of energy beams, e.g. light or sound
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/611—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for swinging wings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/632—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/632—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
    • E05F15/655—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings specially adapted for vehicle wings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D15/1042—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving carriage
    • E05D2015/1049—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving carriage the carriage swinging or rotating in a transverse plane
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/40—Safety devices, e.g. detection of obstructions or end positions
    • E05F15/42—Detection using safety edges
    • E05F2015/483—Detection using safety edges for detection during opening
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
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    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/23—Actuation thereof
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    • E05Y2201/234—Actuation thereof by automatically acting means direction dependent
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
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    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/23—Actuation thereof
    • E05Y2201/244—Actuation thereof by manual operation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/23—Actuation thereof
    • E05Y2201/246—Actuation thereof by auxiliary motors, magnets, springs or weights
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/252—Type of friction
    • E05Y2201/26—Mechanical friction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/262—Type of motion, e.g. braking
    • E05Y2201/266—Type of motion, e.g. braking rotary
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/43—Motors
    • E05Y2201/434—Electromotors; Details thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
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    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
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    • E05Y2800/264—Form or shape compact
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    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
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    • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/40—Physical or chemical protection
    • E05Y2800/424—Physical or chemical protection against unintended use, e.g. protection against vandalism or sabotage
    • E05Y2800/426—Physical or chemical protection against unintended use, e.g. protection against vandalism or sabotage against unauthorised use, e.g. keys
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    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
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    • E05Y2900/14—Doors disappearing in pockets of a wall, e.g. so-called pocket doors
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    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
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    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
    • E05Y2900/51—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles for railway cars or mass transit vehicles

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  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
  • Grates (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
  • Vehicle Step Arrangements And Article Storage (AREA)
  • Supports Or Holders For Household Use (AREA)
  • Refrigerator Housings (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
  • Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及具有电气式、气动式或液压式驱动装置(10、30)主要用于车辆的单扇或双扇推拉门、转推门或隔间门。为了避免在侧面闭合边区域的内部配件引起夹住的危险，设有一根主轴(12)，门扇(1、2)通过螺母(21、32)与主轴连接，对于双扇门，主轴设计成相对于门的中央对称，门驱动装置旋转地作用在心轴(12)上，或直线运动地作用在其中的一扇门(1)上。在主轴的一端设有一个单向离合器(23)和一个阻止单向离合器固定部分转动的可释放的制动器或离合器(24-28)，因此，避免将关闭设备设在侧面闭合边区域内。

Description

单扇或双扇式推拉门、转推门或间隔门
本发明涉及单扇或双扇式推拉门、转推门或分隔间门，它具有电气式、气动式或液压式驱动装置，主要用于车辆，其中设有一根主轴，门扇(单扇或双扇)通过螺母与主轴相连，对于双扇门，主轴设计成相对于门的中央对称，此时，门的驱动装置，或使主轴旋转，或使其中的一扇门直线运动。
英国专利GB2118667A公开了一种装置，该装置具有用于手动操纵普通的电机驱动机构的离合器。其中，位于门的手动驱动装置和无限螺旋之间的离合器是常开的，并且在门的驱动装置出现故障时可以闭合。在手动闭合离合器之后，可以用手旋转手柄，手柄使无限螺旋转动进而将门打开，直至放开离合器之前，该离合器均处于闭合位置并将门固定在其敞开的位置上。这种装置在放开离合器后，它也不能返回其闭合位置来防止门再被打开。
转推门及电驱动装置例如由DE-C3630229为已知。此文件公开了一种双扇门，其中每一扇门有一根上部导轨和一根下部导轨，在每一根导轨上至少作用有一个滚轮，它沿垂直方向的旋转轴，可绕一根垂直方向的门心轴管回转，此回转运动造成门的开出运动。
因为电驱动装置可以只是在操纵门时才通电，所以为了锁住门需要一个死点机构，它保证用手操纵不能打开已关闭的门。此死点机构要求在门处于全闭位置时首先是锁住的，所以，驱动装置的任何故障或妨碍将门完全关闭的任何障碍，使门会例如在车辆行驶时的振动之下打开。另一方面，此死点机构必须精确调整，然而在凹凸不平的路面行驶或遇巨大温差时却难以做到，故这是一种缺点。
另一个严重缺点是使用为每个门扇配属的门心轴管，它位于侧面闭合边区域内门口的边缘处，在门被打开时很难能将它完全覆盖住。在门关闭过程中，在侧面闭合边区内的门心轴管，尤其对于寻找扶手的儿童、老人、体弱多病者，构成了头等重要的危险根源。
由于门心轴管既装在底部，又装在顶部，并必须调整，所以在调整时带来困难。无需特别的证明，所出现的这种困难在所有三个轴向都存在。
长期以来已配备有气动或液压驱动装置的转推门，如由AT-B-188323中的实施例已知的那样，其中，门扇借助于一个滑座可回转地在一根固定的圆形支承管上沿纵向移动。此时，开启运动用的相应的导轨和门上边缘区和门下边缘区内的纵向导引装置，均安排在车厢一侧，在门扇上设置相应的导引滚轮。
驱动装置通过气缸活塞组件进行工作，为了减小结构宽度，建议采用不同的杠杆机构和剪力机构。这些门在关闭状态下，在侧面闭合边区内，通过装在那里的机构锁住，一方面保证即使在行驶过程中驱动装置内压力下降的情况下也能保持关闭，而且，由于通常的工作压力也不足以防止偶然地将门打开。要获得为此所需的工作压力，管道和软管需有一定的壁厚，所以是不经济的。
在门把高度处侧面闭合边区域内，从门的自由面伸出的锁闩，如同在上述结构中的门心轴管那样，同样成为一种危险根源。
本发明的目的是，制成本文开始所述类型的单扇或双扇门，它没有上述缺点，装配和拆卸方便和简单，尤其是简化了调整工作。除此以外，侧面闭合边可免除故障和夹住东西的危险，以及没有内装的配件。
按本发明为达到上述目的，在主轴的一端装有一种单向离合器和阻止单向离合器固定部分转动的、可释放的制动器或离合器。
通过这种结构，使人们获得了一种无级地自动调整的门锁紧装置，因此无论是死点机构，还是在侧面闭合边上的遮掩，以及不受欢迎的门心轴，都成为多余的。
门真正的悬挂可以与先有技术相比为不同的类型和方法来进行，并取决于所涉及的是单扇门还是双扇门，应制造的是推拉门、转推门还是间隔门，以及还取决于设置了何种驱动装置。
在开启运动的过程中，释放制动器或离合器最好即使在气动或液压驱动装置时也用电来进行，因为电气的控制比较简单，可以比气动或液压操纵更柔和地开启。
对于双扇门，通过主轴的工作，不仅使门同步运动，而且在真正的门驱动装置作用在一扇门上时，通过主轴传递门扇的运动力。也就是说，在这种情况下，这一扇门的运动通过与之连接的螺母使主轴旋转，这一旋转运动通过此螺母传递到另一扇门上，从而使这两扇门能同步地开或关，因为如上所述，主轴相对于门的中央是对称的，所以设计成通过这一半长度为右旋，而通过另一半长度为左旋。
当然也可以对装在主轴上自己的螺母作直线驱动，因此两扇门借助于主轴运动。这种情况也可以通过使主轴旋转的驱动装置来实现，例如电机，电机通过齿形皮带或齿轮传动装置使主轴旋转。
本发明可获得的另一种优点在于，将气动的活塞气缸组件装在门的上方这种有利的结构。活塞的长度约为门宽度的一半，即等于一扇门的宽度。因为它在门扇旁边作用在门扇上，所以它没有连杆或剪力机构地直接作用在此门扇上，或作用在设在门扇上的突起物上。位于气动的活塞气缸组件下面的门扇，在无需很大空间位置的情况下，通过主轴运动。
在本发明的一种设计中规定，在门侧面闭合边区域内，在通常的门把手高度上方，并最好靠近门的边缘，因而可被门驱动装置的外罩一起覆盖住地，设置一个装在门框上其形式为滚轮的门支承装置，它的轴线基本上水平，并与门在末段关闭区的运动方向垂直，以及它与一个正好在滚轮下方门的支承面共同工作。
这样做极大地改善了门在关闭状态的稳定性，因为打开门的任何企图，例如由于在会车时的压力冲击和通过旅客，会使门在侧面闭合边区域发生上提。通过这种支承装置，有效地阻止了这种上提和由此引起的拔出和开启。
本发明其他的优点和详情，借助于对附图的说明作详细介绍。其中：
图1  按本发明的门的内视图，外罩已被取下；
图2  沿图1的Ⅱ-Ⅱ线剖面图；
图3  图2上部比例放大的视图；
图4  与主轴驱动装置相对的一端；
图5  此端的详图；
图6  支承装置比例放大的俯视图；
图7  支承装置的内视图；以及
图8  本发明的另一种方案。
图1中表示的按本发明的门有两个门扇1、2，它们各通过一个滑座3可回转地固定在导轨4上。驱动装置本身连同主轴在此图中未表示。
图2所示是图1中Ⅱ一Ⅱ剖面的门的视图。由图可见，导轨4在门的上部，滑座3围绕着导轨可回转地支承着。图中表示门2处于关闭位置，略去了车厢，并附带地在上部用细点划线表示门2处于展出后的打开位置。
门自身的导引在上部通过在导轨6中移动的导引滚轮5进行，在下部则通过可回转的滚轮7和配属的设在门内的导轨8导引。
在导引滚轮和导轨之间整个侧面闭合边9的区域没有内部配件，由于内部配件会有夹住的危险。
图3放大表示了驱动部分，其视图与图2相当。图中可见真正的驱动电机10，它通过齿形或三角皮带11使主轴旋转。螺母21与每扇门1、2或其滑座3固定连接，主轴12旋转使螺母21轴向移动，从而开启或关闭门。这两扇门的同步性，通过主轴螺旋相对于门对称平面的对称设计来保证。
图4表示主轴12上背对驱动装置10的那一端如图1那样的视图，主轴12被导轨4所遮盖。图中详细表示了一个紧急操纵设备13，操纵这一设备可以释放单向离合器的连接或制动。
为了在紧急操纵时松开制动器并因而可以人工开门，则操纵杆14必须克服弹簧29的力沿图中向右的方向移动，为此，用手借助于操纵用钢丝绳15或在正常运行时通过松开电磁离合器来实现。
在图4中还可见设在门上部的支承装置，用来在门的关闭状态稳定门的位置。在图7中亦可见此支承装置，但这是设在门2上的，并用放大了的比例表示。在门1上设有一个提升面17，它基本上是水平的并装在侧面闭合边上。在门的关闭状态，此碰撞面17与一个滚轮18共同工作，滚轮18正好在提升面17的上面并靠在它上面。
滚轮18可绕一根基本上水平的轴线19旋转，轴线具有一个位置，这一位置尤其从图6可以更清楚地看出，当然图6表示的是用于门2的。在关闭过程的末尾，门大体上沿线20的方向移动。滚轮18的轴线19垂直地相对于最终关闭方向20移动。
由图4还可清楚地看出，门在侧面闭合边的部位设计成悬臂式的。因此在每次试图开启时产生一个绕轴线的力矩，此轴线近似于水平并垂直于门的平面，所以使门绕其在滑座3上的挂架略有转动。这种转动引起门在侧面闭合边9的部位处上提。通过支承装置17、18有效地阻止了这种上提，其中，支承装置的高度位置不影响它的作用。这意味着，支承装置可以装在这样一个高度区内，即，在这一区域内既不会夹伤乘客，也不必提心在运行过程中会造成严重的污染。这一区域最好靠近门的上边，所以门驱动装置的外罩同时也一起盖住了此支承装置。
图5表示了按本发明可采用的单向离合器的实施例以及制动器。视图所表示的是主轴12上远离驱动装置10的那一端和通过滑座3与门连接的螺母21，图中的门处于开启位置。
主轴12的这一端可转动地装在支架22中，支架中同时还有一个普通的单向离合器23。在支架22处于不可旋转的固定状态时，单向离合器23可以允许主轴12作旋转运动，此旋转运动的方向是与门1、2的关闭相适应的。
为了把门打开，也就是说，主轴沿相反方向旋转，则必须释放支架22，所以它可以与主轴12一起旋转。这一点按以下方式达到：支架22与轴24固定连接或制成一体，轴24可相对于车厢转动地支承着并与一个离合器圆盘25连接，在离合器圆盘25的两侧装有离合器摩擦片26。
从轴向看在离合器圆盘25的两侧，设有相对于车厢不可旋转并可沿轴向相对于轴24移动的压盘27、28。若现在杆14如图上表示的它的两个位置那样向右移动，则通过一个凸轮的转动，沿轴向松开这两个离合器压盘27、28，因此，在它们之间的与轴24连接的盘25被释放，这样一来，支架22便可以与主轴12一起朝开启方向转动。
这种释放在每次门的开启时通过门驱动装置自动进行，或也可在紧急情况下用手操纵钢丝绳来完成。为了有利于使用者的安全，在手操纵后，制动器或重新上紧，或通过一个图上没有表示的杠杆机构使之保持在开启位置。在第一种情况下，可以将门按程序关闭并继续工作，在另一种情况下，有可能确定是误操作，并采取针对性的措施。
通过单向离合器和制动器的特殊结构可以做到，用一个关闭的终端位置区，来代替固定的例如由死点确定的关闭终端位置，在此终端位置区内，门可靠地防止不应有的开启。这样做极大地简化了装配，因为例如不再需要顾及橡胶密封装置的宽度差别。
在图8所示的结构形式中表示了另一种方案，其视图与图1相似，但其中门真正的驱动通过一个气缸活塞组件30，它气动地作用在与门扇1固定连接的构件31上。在图中所表示的举例中，此构件31是装在主轴12上的螺母21。
在图8中主轴12的左端装了一个单向离合器23和一个制动器或离合器24-28，如在图5中详细表示的那样。
按本发明的门不受实施例的限制。所以，主轴的驱动可以用其他的方法来实施，例如通过齿轮传动装置，或在位置许可的情况下通过一个与同轴地设在主轴上的法兰连接的电机。
支承装置17、18也可设计为另外的形式，以及，若只涉及通过使用者无权开启的问题，则支承装置可例如由两个支承面构成，在正常情况下它们之间的间距很小，并在必要的情况下可以进行适当润滑，以便减少磨损。
但也可以设想在门上设两个支承面17，其中之一如曾表示的位于支承滚轮的下方，另一个则正好在此支承滚轮的上方，所以在门处于关闭状态下，滑座3和导轨4卸载。显然，还可以将滚轮装在门上，而支承面(一个或两个)设在车厢上。
按本发明有关可释放的单向离合器的另一种设计，此单向离合器的结构与主轴同心。若门口旁边的位置对于图中所表示的结构形式不够大时，则对于专家而言是一件容易的事，将单向离合器和可松开的制动器，类似于图中所表示的门驱动装置10那样，倾斜地装在主轴12上方，并从车厢一侧看去在主轴12的里面，以及，借助于三角皮带或齿形皮带、齿轮传动装置或链条等在工作上互相连系起来。这种作除了缩短结构长度外的优点是，主轴12两侧都可以固定支承，还可以安装制动器，因为这种工作上的连系有能力补偿装配误差和轴线的倾斜位置。
制动器可以设计为摩擦力连接式的(摩擦离合器)或刚性连接式的(齿式联轴器)。
在使用直线驱动时，如上所述，驱动装置可设计成气动的，当然也可设计为液压或电的。它可以作用在门扇上，或通过螺母作用在主轴上。
在无外展运动的纯推拉门的情况下，例如隔间门，在打开时门被推入车辆内外壁之间的一个槽中，此时，直线驱动装置的安装可以特别简单，因为它不必同时转动。
主轴可具有不同的截面形状，例如普通的梯形断面，但最好是花键轴。
作为单向离合器可采用满足以下要求的任何一种设备，即，允许主轴12沿着相应于门扇关闭方向的方向旋转，而在单向离合器的固定部分固定时，阻止主轴12沿反向转动。当固定部分可自由转动时，主轴可沿任何方向转动。

Claims (9)

1．单扇或双扇的推拉门、转推门或隔间门，它主要用于车辆并具有电气式、电动式或液压式驱动装置(10、30)，以及有一根主轴(12)，门扇(1、2)通过螺母(21、32)与主轴连接，对于双扇门，主轴设计成相对于门的中央对称，门驱动装置旋转地作用在主轴(12)上，或直线运动地作用在其中一个门扇(1)上，在主轴(12)的一端设有一个单向离合器(23)，其特征为：一个防止单向离合器固定部分转动的可释放的制动器或离合器(24-28)。
2．按照权利要求1所述之门，其特征为：在端部驱动主轴(12)的情况下，单向离合器(23)和制动器或离合器(24-28)装在主轴的另一端。
3．按照权利要求1所述之门，其持征为：在使用直线驱动装置时，此直线驱动装置装在其中一个门扇(2)的上部，并作用在另一个门扇(1)上。
4．按照权利要求3所述之门，其特征为：所述直线驱动装置为气动的活塞气缸组件(30)。
5．按照前述诸权利要求之一所述之门，其特征为：可释放的制动器或离合器(24-28)是用电来释放的。
6．按照权利要求1至3之一所述之具有气动或液压驱动装置的门，其特征为：可释放的制动器或离合器(24-28)通过气动或液压来释放。
7．按照权利要求1所述之门，其特征为：在侧面闭合边区域内，在接近门的上边，在门(1)上设一个提升面(17)，在门(1、2)处于关闭状态时，它基本上正好在一个设在门框上的相配支承面(18)的下面。
8．按照权利要求7所述之门，其特征为：相配支承面是一个滚轮(18)，它可绕一根基本上水平的轴线(19)旋转，此轴线基本上垂直于门(1、2)的末段关闭运动(20)的方向。
9．按照权利要求7所述之门，其特征为：在门侧设有另一个提升面，它基本上直接设在相配支承面(18)的上方。
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HU9501463D0 (en) 1995-07-28
NO304845B1 (no) 1999-02-22
CN1115184A (zh) 1996-01-17
CA2150924A1 (en) 1995-04-13
CZ289890B6 (cs) 2002-04-17
FI952715A0 (fi) 1995-06-02
DE59406615D1 (de) 1998-09-10
ES2119226T3 (es) 1998-10-01
EP0673464B1 (de) 1998-08-05
HUT71189A (en) 1995-11-28
CA2150924C (en) 2005-11-08
FI952715A (fi) 1995-06-02
WO1995009959A1 (de) 1995-04-13
CZ148995A3 (en) 1995-11-15
AU7733394A (en) 1995-05-01
FI104009B (fi) 1999-10-29

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