CN106830986A - 一种生活污水净化用生物填料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种生活污水净化用生物填料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 229910000244 elbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
- C04B35/195—Alkaline earth aluminosilicates, e.g. cordierite or anorthite
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
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- C04B38/0615—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances the burned-out substance being a monolitic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a porous polyurethane sheet or a prepreg obtained by bonding together resin particles
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生活污水净化用生物填料及其制备方法,所述生物填料由以下质量份的原料制成:滑石细粉35‑48份、氧化铝粉25‑40份、电熔石英18‑32份、锂电气石微粉4‑5份和改性二氧化钛0.5‑1份。本发明采用体密度大的矿物如滑石细粉、氧化铝粉和电熔石英经高温体积膨胀合成体密度小的堇青石陶瓷,配合锂电气石微粉以及改性二氧化钛等高温体积收缩的原料,以聚丙烯球为造孔剂,制备的生物填料体积密度小、热膨胀系数低、气孔率高、表面积大、菌群生存率高和挂膜效果好,同时经高温烧成后的填料强度大,在反冲洗过程中不破碎,可以经过高温煅烧以去除填料中无法冲洗干净的残留物,实现反复使用。
Description
本申请为申请号2015104796132、申请日2015年08月04日、发明名称“一种生活污水净化用生物填料及其制备方法”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理技术领域,具体是一种生活污水净化用生物填料及其制备方法。
背景技术
当前我国水资源短缺、水污染严重、水生态环境恶化等问题日益突出,已成为制约经济社会可持续发展的主要瓶颈。生活污水是水体的主要污染源之一,生活污水主要是城市生活中使用的各种洗涤剂和污水、垃圾、粪便等,多为无毒的无机盐类,生活污水中含氮、磷、硫多,致病细菌多。城市每人每日排出的生活污水量为150-400L,其量与生活水平有密切关系。生活污水中含有大量有机物,如纤维素、淀粉、糖类和脂肪蛋白质等;也常含有病原菌、病毒和寄生虫卵;无机盐类的氯化物、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸氢盐和钠、钾、钙、镁等。总的特点是含氮、含硫和含磷高,在厌氧细菌作用下,易生恶臭物质。
曝气生物滤池作为一种新型污水处理技术:在滤池中装填一定量粒径较小的粒状填料,填料表面生长着生物膜,滤池内部曝气,污水流经时,利用填料上高浓度生物膜量的强氧化降解能力对污水进行快速净化,同时,因污水流经时,填料呈压实状态,利用填料粒径较小的特点及生物膜的生物絮凝作用,截留污水中的大量悬浮物,且保证脱落的生物膜不会随水漂出,运行一定时间后,需对滤池进行反冲洗,以释放截留的悬浮物并更新生物膜。该技术重要的一环就是粒状填料,填料的性能关系着整个系统的除污能力和效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可反复使用、菌群生存率高、挂膜效果好的生活污水净化用生物填料及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种生活污水净化用生物填料,由以下质量份的原料制成:滑石细粉35-48份、氧化铝粉25-40份、电熔石英18-32份、锂电气石微粉4-5份和改性二氧化钛0.5-1份;所述改性二氧化钛由以下质量份的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛50-60份、绢云母粉5-7份、氧化镁粉2-3份、二茂铁8-10份、玻璃纤维5-8份、苯丙乳液15-20份、去离子水30-35份,其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先加入苯丙乳液、纳米二氧化钛、绢云母粉、氧化镁粉、玻璃纤维、去离子水搅拌均匀,形成悬浮液;
(2)然后加入二茂铁,在1800-2000r/min条件下混合搅拌10-20min,接着将其置于85-95℃温度下烘干,粉碎,得到超细粉末即为改性二氧化钛。
作为本发明进一步的方案:由以下质量份的原料制成:滑石细粉42份、氧化铝粉35份、电熔石英25份、锂电气石微粉4.5份和改性二氧化钛0.5份。
作为本发明进一步的方案:由以下质量份的原料制成:滑石细粉45份、氧化铝粉30份、电熔石英28份、锂电气石微粉4.2份和改性二氧化钛0.8份。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述改性二氧化钛由以下质量份的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛58份、绢云母粉6份、氧化镁粉2.5份、二茂铁9份、玻璃纤维7份、苯丙乳液16份、去离子水34份。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述滑石细粉的主要化学组成及其质量百分含量为:MgO12-20%,SiO225-38%。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述滑石细粉的粒径为0.5-10μm;所述氧化铝粉的粒径为0.1-5μm;所述电熔石英的粒径为2-10μm;所述锂电气石微粉的粒径为0.1-5μm。
所述的生活污水净化用生物填料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按比例称取上述原料,混合,球磨得到混合料;
(2)按照混合料与聚丙烯球的体积比为1:0.8-1.2,将步骤(1)所得混合料与聚丙烯球置于造粒机中,接着加入其混合料质量的6-8%的质量百分比浓度为5%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,制成粒径为1-5mm的颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)所得颗粒置于95-105℃温度下干燥3-5h,接着将干燥后的颗粒置于马弗炉中,先以4-5℃/min的速度升温至550℃,保温2h,接着以4-5℃/min的速度升温至950℃,然后继续以2-3℃/min的速度升温至1250℃,最后以1℃/min的速度升温至最高温1350-1450℃,保温3-5h,随炉冷却至室温,即得生物填料。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述聚丙烯球的粒径为0.1-0.5mm。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤(3)中,最高温为1420℃,保温时间为3.5h。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明采用体密度大的矿物如滑石细粉、氧化铝粉和电熔石英经高温体积膨胀合成体密度小的堇青石陶瓷,配合微米级的锂电气石微粉以及纳米级的改性二氧化钛等高温体积收缩的原料,以聚丙烯球为造孔剂,通过调节聚丙烯球的加入量,所制备的生物填料体积密度小、热膨胀系数低(从室温到800℃的热膨胀系数仅为0.75-0.88×10-6/℃)、气孔率高(45-55%)、表面积大、固体中的活性中心丰富、菌群生存率高和挂膜效果好,同时由于烧结温度高,烧成后的填料性能稳定、强度大,在反冲洗过程中不破碎,而且可以经过高温煅烧以去除填料中无法冲洗干净的残留物,能够反复使用,大大节省了填料生产成本,降低了原料消耗量。
微米级的锂电气石微粉具有永电性和活化性,其表面有许多永久性带电体的小晶粒,具有正负电极,提高了水的pH值和电导率,使得水质偏弱碱性;永电性产生大量负氧离子,负离子与水分子结合形成羟基离子水,使水形成小分子团水,能获得界面的活性作用,促使水中含氧量增加,这种条件下较适合菌群的繁殖,能提高菌群的存活率,同时,负离子还具有调节人体离子平衡作用、能使身心放松、活化细胞和提高自然治愈率等作用。
因此,本发明工艺简单和原料来源广泛,制备的生物填料具有菌群挂膜效应好、菌群存活率高、脱色效果良好和强度高的特点。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明实施例中,一种生活污水净化用生物填料,由以下质量份的原料制成:滑石细粉42份、氧化铝粉35份、电熔石英25份、锂电气石微粉4.5份和改性二氧化钛0.5份;所述改性二氧化钛由以下质量份的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛58份、绢云母粉6份、氧化镁粉2.5份、二茂铁9份、玻璃纤维7份、苯丙乳液16份、去离子水34份,其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先加入苯丙乳液、纳米二氧化钛、绢云母粉、氧化镁粉、玻璃纤维、去离子水搅拌均匀,形成悬浮液;
(2)然后加入二茂铁,在1800r/min条件下混合搅拌20min,接着将其置于90℃温度下烘干,粉碎,得到超细粉末即为改性二氧化钛。
所述的生活污水净化用生物填料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按比例称取上述原料,混合,球磨得到混合料;
(2)按照混合料与聚丙烯球的体积比为1:1,将步骤(1)所得混合料与聚丙烯球置于造粒机中,接着加入其混合料质量的7%的质量百分比浓度为5%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,制成粒径为1-5mm的颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)所得颗粒置于100℃温度下干燥4h,接着将干燥后的颗粒置于马弗炉中,先以4℃/min的速度升温至550℃,保温2h,接着以4℃/min的速度升温至950℃,然后继续以2℃/min的速度升温至1250℃,最后以1℃/min的速度升温至最高温1420℃,保温3.5h,随炉冷却至室温,即得生物填料。
实施例2
本发明实施例中,一种生活污水净化用生物填料,由以下质量份的原料制成:滑石细粉45份、氧化铝粉30份、电熔石英28份、锂电气石微粉4.2份和改性二氧化钛0.8份;所述改性二氧化钛由以下质量份的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛58份、绢云母粉6份、氧化镁粉2.5份、二茂铁9份、玻璃纤维7份、苯丙乳液16份、去离子水34份,其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先加入苯丙乳液、纳米二氧化钛、绢云母粉、氧化镁粉、玻璃纤维、去离子水搅拌均匀,形成悬浮液;
(2)然后加入二茂铁,在2000r/min条件下混合搅拌10min,接着将其置于90℃温度下烘干,粉碎,得到超细粉末即为改性二氧化钛。
所述的生活污水净化用生物填料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按比例称取上述原料,混合,球磨得到混合料;
(2)按照混合料与聚丙烯球的体积比为1:1,将步骤(1)所得混合料与聚丙烯球置于造粒机中,接着加入其混合料质量的7%的质量百分比浓度为5%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,制成粒径为1-5mm的颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)所得颗粒置于102℃温度下干燥4h,接着将干燥后的颗粒置于马弗炉中,先以4℃/min的速度升温至550℃,保温2h,接着以4℃/min的速度升温至950℃,然后继续以2℃/min的速度升温至1250℃,最后以1℃/min的速度升温至最高温1420℃,保温4h,随炉冷却至室温,即得生物填料。
实施例3
本发明实施例中,一种生活污水净化用生物填料,由以下质量份的原料制成:滑石细粉35份、氧化铝粉25份、电熔石英18份、锂电气石微粉5份和改性二氧化钛1份;所述改性二氧化钛由以下质量份的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛60份、绢云母粉5份、氧化镁粉3份、二茂铁8份、玻璃纤维8份、苯丙乳液15份、去离子水35份,其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先加入苯丙乳液、纳米二氧化钛、绢云母粉、氧化镁粉、玻璃纤维、去离子水搅拌均匀,形成悬浮液;
(2)然后加入二茂铁,在2000r/min条件下混合搅拌10min,接着将其置于85℃温度下烘干,粉碎,得到超细粉末即为改性二氧化钛。
所述的生活污水净化用生物填料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按比例称取上述原料,混合,球磨得到混合料;
(2)按照混合料与聚丙烯球的体积比为1:1.2,将步骤(1)所得混合料与聚丙烯球置于造粒机中,接着加入其混合料质量的8%的质量百分比浓度为5%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,制成粒径为1-5mm的颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)所得颗粒置于105℃温度下干燥5h,接着将干燥后的颗粒置于马弗炉中,先以5℃/min的速度升温至550℃,保温2h,接着以5℃/min的速度升温至950℃,然后继续以3℃/min的速度升温至1250℃,最后以1℃/min的速度升温至最高温1450℃,保温3h,随炉冷却至室温,即得生物填料。
实施例4
本发明实施例中,一种生活污水净化用生物填料,由以下质量份的原料制成:滑石细粉48份、氧化铝粉40份、电熔石英32份、锂电气石微粉4份和改性二氧化钛0.5份;所述改性二氧化钛由以下质量份的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛50份、绢云母粉7份、氧化镁粉2份、二茂铁10份、玻璃纤维5份、苯丙乳液20份、去离子水30份,其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先加入苯丙乳液、纳米二氧化钛、绢云母粉、氧化镁粉、玻璃纤维、去离子水搅拌均匀,形成悬浮液;
(2)然后加入二茂铁,在2000r/min条件下混合搅拌20min,接着将其置于95℃温度下烘干,粉碎,得到超细粉末即为改性二氧化钛。
所述的生活污水净化用生物填料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按比例称取上述原料,混合,球磨得到混合料;
(2)按照混合料与聚丙烯球的体积比为1:0.8,将步骤(1)所得混合料与聚丙烯球置于造粒机中,接着加入其混合料质量的6%的质量百分比浓度为5%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,制成粒径为1-5mm的颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)所得颗粒置于105℃温度下干燥3h,接着将干燥后的颗粒置于马弗炉中,先以4℃/min的速度升温至550℃,保温2h,接着以4℃/min的速度升温至950℃,然后继续以2℃/min的速度升温至1250℃,最后以1℃/min的速度升温至最高温1350,保温5h,随炉冷却至室温,即得生物填料。
本发明采用体密度大的矿物如滑石细粉、氧化铝粉和电熔石英经高温体积膨胀合成体密度小的堇青石陶瓷,配合微米级的锂电气石微粉以及纳米级的改性二氧化钛等高温体积收缩的原料,以聚丙烯球为造孔剂,通过调节聚丙烯球的加入量,所制备的生物填料体积密度小、热膨胀系数低(从室温到800℃的热膨胀系数仅为0.75-0.88×10-6/℃)、气孔率高(45-55%)、表面积大、固体中的活性中心丰富、菌群生存率高和挂膜效果好,同时由于烧结温度高,烧成后的填料性能稳定、强度大,在反冲洗过程中不破碎,而且可以经过高温煅烧以去除填料中无法冲洗干净的残留物,能够反复使用,大大节省了填料生产成本,降低了原料消耗量。
微米级的锂电气石微粉具有永电性和活化性,其表面有许多永久性带电体的小晶粒,具有正负电极,提高了水的pH值和电导率,使得水质偏弱碱性;永电性产生大量负氧离子,负离子与水分子结合形成羟基离子水,使水形成小分子团水,能获得界面的活性作用,促使水中含氧量增加,这种条件下较适合菌群的繁殖,能提高菌群的存活率,同时,负离子还具有调节人体离子平衡作用、能使身心放松、活化细胞和提高自然治愈率等作用。
因此,本发明工艺简单和原料来源广泛,制备的生物填料具有菌群挂膜效应好、菌群存活率高、脱色效果良好和强度高的特点。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (3)
1.一种生活污水净化用生物填料,其特征在于,由以下质量份的原料制成:滑石细粉42份、氧化铝粉35份、电熔石英25份、锂电气石微粉4.5份和改性二氧化钛0.5份;所述改性二氧化钛由以下质量份的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛58份、绢云母粉6份、氧化镁粉2.5份、二茂铁9份、玻璃纤维7份、苯丙乳液16份、去离子水34份,其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先加入苯丙乳液、纳米二氧化钛、绢云母粉、氧化镁粉、玻璃纤维、去离子水搅拌均匀,形成悬浮液;
(2)然后加入二茂铁,在1800-2000r/min条件下混合搅拌10-20min,接着将其置于85-95℃温度下烘干,粉碎,得到超细粉末即为改性二氧化钛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生活污水净化用生物填料,其特征在于,所述滑石细粉的主要化学组成及其质量百分含量为:MgO 12-20%,SiO2 25-38%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生活污水净化用生物填料,其特征在于,所述滑石细粉的粒径为0.5-10μm;所述氧化铝粉的粒径为0.1-5μm;所述电熔石英的粒径为2-10μm;所述锂电气石微粉的粒径为0.1-5μm。
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