CN106782734A - A kind of middle cool waste processing method - Google Patents
A kind of middle cool waste processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106782734A CN106782734A CN201710049353.4A CN201710049353A CN106782734A CN 106782734 A CN106782734 A CN 106782734A CN 201710049353 A CN201710049353 A CN 201710049353A CN 106782734 A CN106782734 A CN 106782734A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/14—Processing by incineration; by calcination, e.g. desiccation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/32—Processing by incineration
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to middle cool waste processing technology field,It is related to a kind of middle cool waste processing method,Realized in middle cool waste processing unit,For processing hospital,Factory,Research institution and nuclear power plant produce the combustable organic class discarded object comprising radioactive substance,The volume reduction and harmless treatment of cool waste in realization,Volume reduction rate is more than 95%,Cool waste accumulating amount is big in solution,Store difficult problem,It starts heater first,Then burner is started,Restart spray washing tower to be pre-processed,Then feed,It is pyrolyzed,Burning and catalytic reaction,Discharged after final purification,Its process is simple,Principle reliability,Volume reduction rate is high,Solidification effect is good,Applied environment is friendly,Investment and operation cost are low,Energy-conserving and environment-protective,With good economic benefit and wide market prospects.
Description
Technical field：
The invention belongs to middle cool waste processing technology field, it is related to a kind of middle cool waste processing method,
Realized in middle cool waste processing unit, produced comprising putting for processing hospital, factory, research institution and nuclear power plant
The combustable organic class discarded object of penetrating property material, the volume reduction and harmless treatment of cool waste in realization, volume reduction rate exceedes
95%.
Background technology：
From technological layer classification, radwaste is broadly divided into high radioactivity and the low class of middle radioactivity two.High radioactivity is put
Spentnuclear fuel and its processed material that injectivity waste is mainly produced including nuclear fuel after generating；Middle cool waste generally comprises core
Hydration system, exchanger resin, waste water and waste liquid when contaminated equipment, testing equipment, the operation in power station；Also include hospital, factory, grind
Study carefully mechanism and nuclear power plant etc. and produce the discarded object comprising radioactive substance, such as clothing, stationery, test tool, in low radiation
Property waste accounted for the 99% of all radwastes, wherein, major part for nuclear power plant produce it is useless comprising radioactive substance
Gurry, the harmfulness of middle cool waste is relatively low, but radwaste is with unique properties, makes it very numb in processes
It is tired：1. radioactivity：The radioactivity of radwaste can not be eliminated with general physics, chemistry and biological method, can only be by radiation
The decay of property nucleic itself and reduce.2. radio-hazard：When the ray that radwaste is released passes through material, there is ionization and swash
Breaking-out is used, and radiation injury can be caused to organism.3. heat energy release：Radionuclide releases energy by decaying in radwaste
Amount, when radionuclide amount is higher, the heat energy of release can cause the temperature of radwaste constantly to rise, or even make solution
Voluntarily seethe with excitement, solid is voluntarily melted.
How radwaste is effectively processed, be always generation while maximized radwaste volume can be reduced
The pendent problem in various countries of boundary, the U.S. has carried out the research up to 20 years in the problem, and consumes multi-billion dollar
Expenditure.International Atomic Energy Agency requires very sternly for the treatment and disposal of radwaste, and requires that various countries act in accordance with it, and
And various countries will receive international supervision when delivering.The treatment of centering cool waste, International Atomic Energy Agency's requirement, whether
Solid radioactive waste or liquid radioactive wastes, will carry out curing process, and it is inner to be subsequently installed in closing " container ", is placed on shallow
In the disposal storehouse on stratum.Middle cool waste is relatively low because of its harm, and current way is excavated deeply about on ground in the world
10-20 meters of trench, then builds up various radiation proof engineering barriers, by by incinerating the radwaste tank that compression is cured
It is put into wherein and buries, after a period of time, the radioactive substance in these wastes will decays into harmless material, this
Kind of method by decades development, although technology is very ripe, but needs to take substantial amounts of nuclear waste stockyard space.With
The development of China's Nuclear Electricity, low solid waste of putting has reached tens thousand of cubic meters during Chinese Nuclear Industry In The Past system is accumulated, and China has
The radwaste stockyard space of limit far can not meet the requirement of low-level waste storage in future, therefore, using reliable
Handling process, realizes that centering cool waste volume reduction harmless treatment is extremely urgent.
The content of the invention：
It is an object of the invention to the shortcoming for overcoming prior art to exist, seek a kind of middle cool waste treatment of design
Method, the problem that cool waste accumulating amount is big in solution, storage is difficult, the volume reduction of cool waste and harmless in realization
Change is processed.
To achieve these goals, the concrete technology step of middle cool waste processing method of the present invention is：
(1) heater is started：Start the heater of pyrolysis reactor, the temperature for setting the first temperature controller is 300-
600℃；
(2) burner is started：Start automatic oil burning loop oil pump, open two-stage electromagnetic valve automatic ignition and sequentially burn,
When the partially stabilized burning of burner fuel, the temperature for keeping combustion chamber is 800-1300 DEG C, and pyrolysis gas enter burner combustion, i.e.,
Burner is burnt by center section oil atomizing, and amount of fuel, servomotor regulation air intake are adjusted using automatic oil burning loop oil pump
Mouth ensures that pyrolysis gas fully burn；
(3) spray washing tower is started：Start the water circulating pump and air-introduced machine of spray washing tower, prerun 3-5 minutes successively
Afterwards；
(4) feed：Middle cool waste and solid catalyst are sent into closing feed system by charging aperture, is closed close
Envelope inlet valve；Start spiral propeller under conditions of anoxybiotic or anoxic, it is that 1-5 revs/min of promotion material is complete to set rotating speed
Into pyrolysis reactor；The consumption of the solid catalyst is the 0.5-2% of middle cool waste gross mass；
(5) pyrolytic reaction：Middle cool waste solid catalyst effect under pyrolysis be gas and solid residue, in it is low
The radioactive element of 95%-98% exports discharge in resting on solid residue through solid residue in radwaste, and unification is sealed up for safekeeping
And cement solidification is processed；The radioactive element of 2%-5% enters burner with the gas for producing；
(6) burning and catalytic reaction：The radioactive element of 2%-5% is fully atomized combustion with the gas for producing with fuel oil
Burn, the mixed gas for producing of burning enter catalytic converter, in the presence of solid catalyst, by the complete oxidation of unburned
Carbon and hydrocarbon conversion into carbon dioxide and water vapour, and by conversion of nitrogen oxides into nitrogen, and by the second air inlet
Enter in flow container；
(7) purification reaction：After the mixed gas of carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen enter flow container, spray washing tower main body
On shower nozzle spray alkalescent absorbent solution from top, the component of alkalescent absorbent solution low-activity will give up with concentration according in
The composition of thing determines, and contacted with the mixed gas full regression of high temperature and carry out purification reaction, and corrosion-resistant circulating water pump can be followed
Ring spray drenches alkalescent absorbent solution so that the acidic components in mixed gas are fully absorbed by alkalescent absorbent solution；Only a few
Volatility radionuclide is trapped by alkalescent absorbent solution；
(8) discharge：Gas is evacuated through exhaust outlet by air-introduced machine and discharged after the qualified purification of monitoring；Used by spray washing tower
Before alkalescent absorbent solution Radionuclide reaches the discharge upper limit, it is discharged into waste water pipe network water from osculum, it is centralized and unified
Treatment, then adds new alkalescent absorbent solution by water inlet and feeding opening；Step 4- steps 7 are repeated to continue to throw
Material, with the stabilization of pyrolysis apparatus working condition, feeding amount is gradually increased to the specified treating capacity of pyrolysis apparatus, low-activity in realization
The volume reduction and harmless treatment of waste.
The solid catalyst is preferably the modified bentonite of alkali metal ion, and cement solidification effect is good；The burner
Fuel be diesel oil, or be lubricating oil.
The master of the middle cool waste processing unit that middle cool waste processing method of the present invention is used
Wanting structure includes pyrolysis reactor, burner, catalytic converter, spray washing tower and high temperature-resistive pipeline, pyrolysis reactor, burning
Communicated by high temperature-resistive pipeline between device, catalytic converter, spray washing tower, the pyrolysis reactor includes heater, envelope
Close feed system, spiral propeller, closing discharge system, electric furnace, the first temperature controller and motor；The closing feed system
Comprising charging aperture and sealing inlet valve；The spiral propeller includes worm screw and feed pipe；The closing discharge system is comprising solid
Body solid discharge, sealing material discharging valve and gas vent；The burner includes combustion head and burner body, burner body bag
Valve containing two-stage electromagnetic, automatic oil burning loop oil pump, servomotor, air inlet and the first air inlet；Outside the catalytic converter
It is provided with heat-insulation layer, internal filling solid catalyst；The spray washing tower comprising flow container, spray washing tower main body, water circulating pump,
Air-introduced machine, shower, inlet opening, fluid hole, shower nozzle, the second air inlet, exhaust outlet, blast pipe, osculum；Horizontally disposed spiral shell
Rotation propeller is made up of the feed pipe of worm screw and hollow structure, and the inside of feed pipe is provided with worm screw, and the outer pipe wall of feed pipe is twined
Wound to be provided with heater and form zone of heating, the heater is resistive heater, and the outside of heater is provided with case
The electric furnace of formula structure, electric furnace includes flame retardant coating and heat-insulation layer, electric furnace and the first temperature controller successively from the inside to the outside
Electrical connection, the first temperature controller is used to control the pyrolysis temperature in heater, realizes that material is fully pyrolyzed；The input of feed pipe
Bottom with the closing feed system being vertically arranged is connected, and closing feed system includes charging aperture and sealing inlet valve, sealing
Inlet valve is used for sealed feed inlet so that pyrolysis reactor can feed in the environment of anoxic or anoxybiotic, spiral propeller
Input is electrically connected with motor, and motor belt motor dynamic spiral propeller rotates and controls fltting speed, it is ensured that the thing in pyrolysis reactor
Matter is pyrolyzed completely, and the output end of feed pipe is provided with closing discharge system, and closing discharge system is exported comprising solid residue, is sealed into
Material valve and gas vent, solid residue outlet are sealed by sealing inlet valve, are connected with three industrial wastes processing system pipe network,
For discharging discarded object residue；Gas vent is connected by high temperature-resistive pipeline with the first air inlet set on burner, is fired
Burner is explosion-proof oil gas dual burner, and burner includes combustion head and burner body, the combustion head and burner of burner
Main body is communicated using exotic material and duct type, and combustion head is concentric annular structure, and outer shroud is gas port, and inner ring is fuel oil
Mouthful, be provided with the combustion chamber of case structure outside combustion head, burner body comprising two-stage electromagnetic valve, automatic oil burning loop oil pump,
Servomotor, air inlet and the first air inlet, automatic oil burning loop oil pump are provided with two-stage electromagnetic valve, two-stage electromagnetic valve and servo
Motor is electrically connected, and the first air inlet is provided with the top of burner body, and the bottom of burner body is provided with air inlet, automatic oil burning
Loop oil pump realizes the abundant burning of combustible by adjusting air inlet by adjusting amount of fuel, servomotor；Combustion head internal combustion
The tail gas produced after burning enters the input of catalytic converter by high temperature-resistive pipeline, and catalytic converter is solid for high temperature resistant stainless steel
Body bed reactor, outside is provided with heat-insulation layer, and internal filling solid catalyst, the output end of catalytic converter passes through high temperature-resistive pipeline
It is connected with the second air inlet on spray washing tower, the bottom level of spray washing tower is provided with flow container, and the top of flow container sets
There is the second air inlet, water inlet and feeding opening are provided with the top of flow container, water inlet is used to inject industrial water, and feeding opening is used to note
Enter alkalescent absorbing liquid, the bottom of flow container is provided with fluid hole, and fluid hole passes through the shower water of shower and the column being vertically arranged
Wash the inlet opening that the top of tower main body is provided with to be connected, shower is provided with water circulating pump, the spray of spray washing tower body interior
More than one shower nozzle is provided with shower pipe, the exhaust outlet being provided with the top of spray washing tower main body is through blast pipe and air-introduced machine phase
Connection；
The sealing inlet valve and sealing material discharging valve are double barrier valves, or are base-plate valve, or are Starlike valve so that pyrolysis apparatus
The working condition of interior maintenance anoxic or anoxybiotic；
The spray washing tower main body is corrosion-resistant stainless steel material.
The first improvement project of the invention is：Catalytic converter structure is saved, the output end of burner passes through high temperature resistant
Pipeline is connected with the second air inlet of spray washing tower.
Second improved procedure of the invention be：Increase heat exchanger structure, the heat exchanger is the high temperature resistant with control valve
Pipeline, the input of heat exchanger is communicated with burner tail gas outlet, and the output end of heat exchanger is communicated with catalytic converter, heat exchanger
High temperature-resistive pipeline be spirally arranged at the outside of burner fuel gas inlet pipeline, the high temperature after high temperature-resistive pipeline makes burning
Tail gas is exchanged heat with the gas of burner inlet；Its process step is step (2) with difference of the invention, starts burner
The control valve of front opening burner tail gas outlet, realizes burner tail gas and inlet gas heat exchange, improves burner inlet gas
Temperature, realize recycle heat utilize, reducing energy consumption.
The third improved procedure of the invention is：Increase heat exchanger structure, while catalytic converter structure is saved, it is described to change
Hot device is the high temperature-resistive pipeline with control valve, and the input of heat exchanger is communicated with burner tail gas outlet, the output end of heat exchanger
Communicated with spray washing tower, the high temperature-resistive pipeline of heat exchanger is spirally arranged at the outside of burner fuel gas inlet pipeline, passes through
High temperature-resistive pipeline makes the high-temperature tail gas after burning be exchanged heat with the gas of burner inlet；Its process step is improved with the first
The difference of mode is step (2), starts the control valve of burner front opening burner tail gas outlet, realize burner tail gas and
Inlet gas exchanges heat, and improves the temperature of burner inlet gas, realizes that recycle heat is utilized, reducing energy consumption.
The operation principle of middle cool waste processing unit of the present invention is：By middle cool waste from charging
Mouthful feeding closing feed system, by sealing inlet valve sealed feed inlet so that pyrolysis reactor can be in anoxic or anoxybiotic
Middle cool waste is pyrolyzed under environment, it is gas and solid residue, middle low-activity that middle cool waste can be pyrolyzed
During the radioactive element of 95%-98% rests on solid residue in waste, exported through solid residue and discharged, unification is sealed up for safekeeping and cement
Curing process；The radioactive element of 2%-5% enters burner with the gas for producing；Burner aoxidizes unburned complete
Carbon and hydrocarbon conversion into carbon dioxide and water vapour, and by conversion of nitrogen oxides into nitrogen, and by the second air inlet
Enter in spray washing tower, alkalescent absorbent solution will be evacuated through exhaust outlet after gas purification and discharged in spray washing tower, weak base
Property absorbent solution is entered in waste water pipe network, collection and uniform disposal.
Hospital, factory, research institution and nuclear power plant compared with prior art, can be produced and include radioactivity by the present invention
The combustable organic class waste of material is treated as solid residue, facilitate it is follow-up seal up for safekeeping, landfill disposal, volume reduction rate is more than 95%；
Using gentle thermocatalytic degradation technique, combustable organic nucleoid protective articles and resinae waste can be processed；Core can be eliminated to put
Penetrate pollution and air environmental pollution；Radioactivity is extremely low and waste water of without organic cod can be discharged into industrial wastewater pipe network；
Its process is simple, principle reliability, and volume reduction rate is high, and solidification effect is good, and applied environment is friendly, and investment and operation cost are low, section
Can be environmentally friendly, with good economic benefit and wide market prospects.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the processing step FB(flow block) of middle cool waste processing method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the agent structure principle schematic of middle cool waste processing unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the agent structure principle schematic of embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is the agent structure principle schematic of embodiment 3.
Fig. 5 is the agent structure principle schematic of embodiment 4.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is described further to the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
The concrete technology step of the middle cool waste processing method that the present embodiment is related to is：
(1) heater 11 is started：Start the heater 11 of pyrolysis reactor 1, the temperature of the first temperature controller 16 is set
It is 300-600 DEG C；
(2) burner 2 is started：Start automatic oil burning loop oil pump 24, open the automatic ignition of two-stage electromagnetic valve 23 and sequentially
Burning, when the partially stabilized burning of burner fuel, the temperature for keeping combustion chamber 28 is 800-1300 DEG C, and pyrolysis gas enter burner
2 burnings, i.e., burner 2 is burnt by center section oil atomizing, and amount of fuel, servo electricity are adjusted using automatic oil burning loop oil pump 24
The regulation air inlet 26 of machine 25 ensures that pyrolysis gas fully burn；
(3) spray washing tower 3 is started：Start the water circulating pump 43 and air-introduced machine 44 of spray washing tower, prerun 3-5 successively
After minute；
(4) feed：Then middle cool waste and solid catalyst are sent into closing feed system by charging aperture 121
12, the solid catalyst is the bentonite that alkali metal ion is modified, and closes sealing inlet valve 122；In anoxybiotic or the bar of anoxic
Start spiral propeller 13 under part, rotating speed is set for 1-5 revs/min promotes material completely into pyrolysis reactor 1；The solid
The consumption of catalyst is the 0.5-2% of middle cool waste gross mass；
(5) pyrolytic reaction：Middle cool waste solid catalyst effect under pyrolysis be gas and solid residue, in it is low
The radioactive element of 95%-98% is discharged in resting on solid residue through solid residue outlet 141 in radwaste, unified envelope
Deposit and cement solidification treatment；The radioactive element of 2%-5% enters burner 2 with the gas for producing；
(6) burning and catalytic reaction：Radioactive element is produced with the gas and the abundant spray burning of fuel oil for producing, burning
Raw mixed gas enter catalytic converter 3, in the presence of catalyst 32, by the complete carbon monoxide of unburned and hydrocarbonization
Compound is converted into carbon dioxide and water vapour, and by conversion of nitrogen oxides into nitrogen, and flow container is entered by the second air inlet 49
In 41；
(7) purification reaction：After the mixed gas of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen enter flow container 41, spray
Shower nozzle 48 in water scrubber main body 42 sprays alkalescent absorbent solution from top, and component and the concentration of alkalescent absorbent solution want root
Composition according to middle cool waste determines, and is contacted with the mixed gas full regression of high temperature and carry out purification reaction, corrosion-resistant
Water circulating pump 43 being capable of circulated sprinkling alkalescent absorbent solution so that the acidic components in mixed gas are by alkalescent absorbent solution
Fully absorb；Only a few volatility radionuclide is trapped by alkalescent absorbent solution；
(8) discharge：Evacuated through exhaust outlet 50 by air-introduced machine 44 after gas cooling after the qualified purification of monitoring and discharged；Spray
Before alkalescent absorbent solution Radionuclide used by drenching water scrubber reaches the discharge upper limit, it is discharged into waste water pipe network from osculum 52
In, then collection and uniform disposal adds new alkalescent absorbent solution by water inlet 53 and feeding opening 54；Repeat step
4- steps 7 continue to feed intake, and with the stabilization of pyrolysis apparatus working condition, feeding amount is gradually increased to the specified treating capacity of pyrolysis apparatus,
The volume reduction and harmless treatment of cool waste in realization.
The solid catalyst 32 is preferably the modified bentonite of alkali metal ion, and cement solidification effect is good；The burning
The fuel of device 2 is diesel oil, or is lubricating oil.
The middle cool waste processing unit that the middle cool waste processing method that the present embodiment is related to is used
Agent structure includes pyrolysis reactor 1, burner 2, catalytic converter 3, spray washing tower 4 and high temperature-resistive pipeline 5, pyrolysis
Communicated by high temperature-resistive pipeline 5 between reactor 1, burner 2, catalytic converter 3, spray washing tower 4, pyrolysis reactor 1 is wrapped
Include heater 11, closing feed system 12, spiral propeller 13, closing discharge system 14, electric furnace 15, the first temperature controller
16 and motor 17, closing feed system 12 includes charging aperture 121 and sealing inlet valve 122, and spiral propeller 13 includes worm screw 131
With feed pipe 132, close discharge system 14 and include solid residue outlet 141, sealing material discharging valve 142 and gas vent 143；It is described
Burner 2 includes combustion head 21 and burner body 22, and burner body 22 includes two-stage electromagnetic valve 23, automatic oil burning loop oil
Pump 24, servomotor 25, the air inlet 27 of air inlet 26 and first；Heat-insulation layer 31, inside dress are provided with outside the catalytic converter 3
Fill out solid catalyst 32；The spray washing tower 4 includes flow container 41, spray washing tower main body 42, water circulating pump 43, air-introduced machine
44th, shower 45, inlet opening 46, fluid hole 47, shower nozzle 48, the second air inlet 49, exhaust outlet 50, blast pipe 51, osculum 52,
Water inlet 53, feeding opening 54；Horizontally disposed spiral propeller 13 is made up of the feed pipe 132 of worm screw 131 and hollow structure, enters
The inside of expects pipe 132 is provided with worm screw 131, and the outer pipe wall wound form of feed pipe 132 is provided with heater 11 and forms heating
Layer, the heater 11 is resistive heater, and the outside of heater 11 is provided with the electric furnace 15 of case structure, electrical heating
Stove 15 includes flame retardant coating and heat-insulation layer successively from the inside to the outside, and electric furnace 15 is electrically connected with the first temperature controller 16, the first temperature controller
16 are used to control the pyrolysis temperature in heater 11, realize that material is fully pyrolyzed；The input of feed pipe 132 be vertically arranged
The bottom of closing feed system 12 be connected, closing feed system 12 includes charging aperture 121 and sealing inlet valve 122, sealing
Inlet valve 122 is used for sealed feed inlet 121 so that pyrolysis reactor 1 can be fed in the environment of anoxic or anoxybiotic, and spiral is pushed away
The input for entering device 13 is electrically connected with motor 17, and motor 17 rotates with dynamic spiral propeller 13 and controls fltting speed, it is ensured that heat
Material in solution reactor is pyrolyzed completely, and the output end of feed pipe 132 is provided with closing discharge system 14, and closing discharge system 14 is wrapped
Containing solid residue outlet 141, sealing inlet valve 142 and gas vent 143, solid residue outlet 141 is by sealing inlet valve 142
Sealed, connected with three industrial wastes processing system pipe network, for discharging discarded object residue；Gas vent 143 passes through high temperature resistant
Pipeline 5 is connected with the first air inlet 27 set on burner 2, and burner 2 is explosion-proof oil gas dual burner, burner 2
Comprising combustion head 21 and burner body 22, the combustion head 21 and burner body 22 of burner 2 using exotic material and
Duct type is communicated, and combustion head 21 is concentric annular structure, and outer shroud is gas port, and inner ring is fuel port, is provided with outside combustion head 21
The combustion chamber 28 of case structure, burner body 22 includes two-stage electromagnetic valve 23, automatic oil burning loop oil pump 24, servomotor
25th, the air inlet 27 of air inlet 26 and first, automatic oil burning loop oil pump 24 is provided with two-stage electromagnetic valve 23, two-stage electromagnetic valve 23 with
Servomotor 25 is electrically connected, and the top of burner body 22 is provided with the first air inlet 27, the bottom of burner body 22 be provided with into
Air port 26, automatic oil burning loop oil pump 24 realizes combustible by adjusting amount of fuel, servomotor 25 by adjusting air inlet 26
Abundant burning；The tail gas produced after burning in combustion head 21 enters the input of catalytic converter 3 by high temperature-resistive pipeline 5,
Catalytic converter 3 is high temperature resistant stainless steel solid-bed reactor, and outside is provided with heat-insulation layer 31, internal filling solid catalyst 32,
The output end of catalytic converter 3 is connected by high temperature-resistive pipeline 5 with the second air inlet 49 on spray washing tower 4, shower water
The bottom level for washing tower 4 is provided with flow container 41, and the top of flow container 41 is provided with the second air inlet 49, and the top of flow container 41 is provided with into water
Mouth 53 and feeding opening 54, water inlet 53 are used to inject industrial water, and feeding opening 54 is used to inject alkalescent absorbing liquid, flow container 41
Bottom is provided with fluid hole 47, and fluid hole 47 passes through the top of shower 45 and the spray washing tower main body 42 of the column being vertically arranged
The inlet opening 46 being provided with is connected, and shower 45 is provided with water circulating pump 43, the shower 45 inside spray washing tower main body 42
On be provided with more than one shower nozzle 48, the exhaust outlet 50 that the top of spray washing tower main body 42 is provided with is through blast pipe 51 and air inducing
Machine 44 is connected；
The sealing inlet valve 122 and sealing material discharging valve 142 can replace with double dividing plate valves, or be base-plate valve, or be
Star-like feed valve so that the working condition of anoxic or anoxybiotic is maintained in pyrolysis apparatus；
The spray washing tower main body 42 is corrosion-resistant stainless steel material.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment is step (4) with the difference of embodiment 1, saves the step of adding solid catalyst 32, low by
Radwaste sends into closing feed system 12 by charging aperture 121, closes sealing inlet valve 122；During the present embodiment is related to
The difference of the device that the device that cool waste processing method is used is used with embodiment 1 is to eliminate catalyzed conversion
The structure of device 3, the output end of burner 2 is connected by high temperature-resistive pipeline 5 with the second air inlet 49 of spray washing tower 4.
Embodiment 3：
The present embodiment is step (2) with the difference of embodiment 1, starts the offgas outlet of 2 front opening burner of burner 2
Control valve 61, realizes the tail gas of burner 2 and inlet gas heat exchange, improves the temperature of the inlet gas of burner 2, realizes recycle heat
Utilize, reducing energy consumption；The device that the middle cool waste processing method that the present embodiment is related to is used is used with embodiment 1
Device difference be increase the structure of heat exchanger 6, the heat exchanger 6 be band control valve 61 high temperature-resistive pipeline 62, heat exchanger 6
Input communicated with the offgas outlet of burner 2, the output end of heat exchanger 6 is communicated with catalytic converter 3, the resistance to height of heat exchanger 6
Warm pipeline 62 is spirally arranged at the outside of the fuel gas inlet pipeline 63 of burner 2, the height after high temperature-resistive pipeline 62 makes burning
Warm tail gas is exchanged heat with the gas of the entrance of burner 2；Its process step is step (2) with the difference of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4：
The present embodiment is step (2) with the difference of embodiment 1, starts the offgas outlet of 2 front opening burner of burner 2
Control valve, realizes the tail gas of burner 2 and inlet gas heat exchange, improves the temperature of the inlet gas of burner 2, realizes recycle heat profit
With reducing energy consumption；The device that the middle cool waste processing method that the present embodiment is related to is used is used with embodiment 2
The difference of device is to increase the structure of heat exchanger 6, and the heat exchanger 6 is the high temperature-resistive pipeline 62 with control valve 61, heat exchanger 6
Input is communicated with the offgas outlet of burner 2, and the output end of heat exchanger 6 is communicated with catalytic converter 3, the high temperature resistant of heat exchanger 6
Pipeline 62 is spirally arranged at the outside of the fuel gas inlet pipeline 63 of burner 2, the high temperature after high temperature-resistive pipeline 62 makes burning
Tail gas is exchanged heat with the gas of the entrance of burner 2.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of middle cool waste processing method, it is characterised in that concrete technology step is：
(1) heater is started：Start the heater of pyrolysis reactor, the temperature for setting the first temperature controller is 300-600 DEG C；
(2) burner is started：Start automatic oil burning loop oil pump, open two-stage electromagnetic valve automatic ignition and sequentially burn, work as combustion
The partially stabilized burning of burner fuel oil, the temperature for keeping combustion chamber is 800-1300 DEG C, and pyrolysis gas enter burner combustion, that is, burn
Device is burnt by center section oil atomizing, and amount of fuel is adjusted using automatic oil burning loop oil pump, and servomotor regulation air inlet is true
Pyrolysis gas are protected fully to burn；
(3) spray washing tower is started：Start the water circulating pump and air-introduced machine of spray washing tower successively, after prerun 3-5 minutes；
(4) feed：Middle cool waste and solid catalyst are sent into closing feed system by charging aperture, the solid is urged
Agent is the bentonite that alkali metal ion is modified, and closes sealing inlet valve；Start screw propulsion under conditions of anoxybiotic or anoxic
Device, sets rotating speed for 1-5 revs/min promotes material completely into pyrolysis reactor；The consumption of the solid catalyst is low in being
The 0.5-2% of radwaste gross mass；
(5) pyrolytic reaction：Middle cool waste solid catalyst effect under pyrolysis be gas and solid residue, in low radiation
Property waste in the radioactive element of 95%-98% to rest on exported through solid residue in solid residue and discharge, unification is sealed up for safekeeping and water
Mud curing process；The radioactive element of 2%-5% enters burner with the gas for producing；
(6) burning and catalytic reaction：The radioactive element of 2%-5% with produce gas and the abundant spray burning of fuel oil,
The mixed gas for producing of burning enter catalytic converter, in the presence of solid catalyst, by the complete carbon monoxide of unburned
With hydrocarbon conversion into carbon dioxide and water vapour, and by conversion of nitrogen oxides into nitrogen, and arranged by the second air inlet
In entering flow container；
(7) purification reaction：After the mixed gas of carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen enter flow container, in spray washing tower main body
Shower nozzle sprays alkalescent absorbent solution from top, the component of alkalescent absorbent solution and concentration will according in cool waste
Composition determines, and is contacted with the mixed gas full regression of high temperature and carry out purification reaction, and corrosion-resistant circulating water pump can circulate spray
Drench alkalescent absorbent solution so that the acidic components in mixed gas are fully absorbed by alkalescent absorbent solution；Only a few is volatilized
Property radionuclide is trapped by alkalescent absorbent solution；
(8) discharge：Gas is evacuated through exhaust outlet by air-introduced machine and discharged after the qualified purification of monitoring；Weak base used by spray washing tower
Property absorbent solution Radionuclide reach discharge the upper limit before, it is discharged into waste water pipe network water from osculum, collection and uniform disposal,
Then new alkalescent absorbent solution is added by water inlet and feeding opening；Step 4- steps 7 are repeated to continue to feed intake, with
The stabilization of pyrolysis apparatus working condition, feeding amount is gradually increased to the specified treating capacity of pyrolysis apparatus, cool waste in realization
Volume reduction and harmless treatment.
2. cool waste processing method in as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that cool waste in using
The primary structure of processing unit includes pyrolysis reactor, burner, catalytic converter, spray washing tower and high temperature-resistive pipeline, heat
Solve reactor, communicated by high temperature-resistive pipeline between burner, catalytic converter, spray washing tower, the pyrolysis reactor bag
Include heater, closing feed system, spiral propeller, closing discharge system, electric furnace, the first temperature controller and motor；Institute
State closing feed system and include charging aperture and sealing inlet valve；The spiral propeller includes worm screw and feed pipe；The closing
Discharge system includes solid residue outlet, sealing material discharging valve and gas vent；The burner includes combustion head and burner master
Body, burner body includes two-stage electromagnetic valve, automatic oil burning loop oil pump, servomotor, air inlet and the first air inlet；It is described
Heat-insulation layer, internal filling solid catalyst are provided with outside catalytic converter；The spray washing tower includes flow container, spray washing tower
Main body, water circulating pump, air-introduced machine, shower, inlet opening, fluid hole, shower nozzle, the second air inlet, exhaust outlet, blast pipe, draining
Hole；Horizontally disposed spiral propeller is made up of the feed pipe of worm screw and hollow structure, and the inside of feed pipe is provided with worm screw, charging
The outer pipe wall wound form of pipe is provided with heater and forms zone of heating, and the heater is resistive heater, heating dress
The outside put is provided with the electric furnace of case structure, and electric furnace includes flame retardant coating and heat-insulation layer, electrical heating successively from the inside to the outside
Stove is electrically connected with the first temperature controller, and the first temperature controller is used to control the pyrolysis temperature in heater, realizes that material is fully pyrolyzed；
The input of feed pipe is connected with the bottom of the closing feed system being vertically arranged, and closing feed system includes charging aperture and close
Envelope inlet valve, sealing inlet valve is used for sealed feed inlet so that pyrolysis reactor can feed in the environment of anoxic or anoxybiotic,
The input of spiral propeller is electrically connected with motor, and motor belt motor dynamic spiral propeller rotates and controls fltting speed, it is ensured that pyrolysis
Material in reactor is pyrolyzed completely, and the output end of feed pipe is provided with closing discharge system, and closing discharge system is residual comprising solid
Slag outlet, sealing inlet valve and gas vent, solid residue outlet are sealed by sealing inlet valve, with three industrial wastes treatment
System pipe network is connected, for discharging discarded object residue；Gas vent is entered by high temperature-resistive pipeline with first of setting on burner
Gas port is connected, and burner is explosion-proof oil gas dual burner, and burner includes combustion head and burner body, the combustion of burner
Burn head and burner body is communicated using exotic material and duct type, combustion head is concentric annular structure, and outer shroud is combustion gas
Mouthful, inner ring is fuel port, is provided with the combustion chamber of case structure outside combustion head, and burner body includes two-stage electromagnetic valve, automatic
Fuel circuit oil pump, servomotor, air inlet and the first air inlet, automatic oil burning loop oil pump are provided with two-stage electromagnetic valve, two
Level magnetic valve is electrically connected with servomotor, and the first air inlet is provided with the top of burner body, and the bottom of burner body is provided with
Air inlet, automatic oil burning loop oil pump realizes the abundant of combustible by adjusting amount of fuel, servomotor by adjusting air inlet
Burning；The tail gas produced after burning in combustion head enters the input of catalytic converter, catalytic converter by high temperature-resistive pipeline
It is high temperature resistant stainless steel solid-bed reactor, outside is provided with heat-insulation layer, internal filling solid catalyst, the output of catalytic converter
End is connected by high temperature-resistive pipeline with the second air inlet on spray washing tower, and the bottom level of spray washing tower is provided with liquid
Tank, the top of flow container is provided with the second air inlet, and water inlet and feeding opening are provided with the top of flow container, and water inlet is used to inject industrial
Water, feeding opening is used to inject alkalescent absorbing liquid, and the bottom of flow container is provided with fluid hole, and fluid hole passes through shower and is vertically arranged
The inlet opening that is provided with of top of spray washing tower main body of column be connected, shower is provided with water circulating pump, spray washing
More than one shower nozzle is provided with the shower of tower body interior, the exhaust outlet being provided with the top of spray washing tower main body is through row
Tracheae is connected with air-introduced machine；The sealing inlet valve and sealing material discharging valve are double barrier valves, or are base-plate valve, or for star-like
Valve so that the working condition of anoxic or anoxybiotic is maintained in pyrolysis apparatus；The solid catalyst is the swelling that alkali metal ion is modified
Soil；The spray washing tower main body is corrosion-resistant stainless steel material.
3. cool waste processing method in as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4), saves addition solid
The step of catalyst, middle cool waste is sent into closing feed system by charging aperture, close sealing inlet valve；Used
The difference of device that is used of device and claim 1 be to eliminate catalytic converter structure, the output end of burner is led to
High temperature-resistive pipeline is crossed to be connected with the second air inlet of spray washing tower.
4. cool waste processing method in as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2), before starting burner
Open the control valve of burner tail gas outlet so that burner tail gas and inlet gas exchange heat, and improve burner inlet gas
Temperature, realizes that recycle heat is utilized, reducing energy consumption；The difference of the device that the device for being used is used with claim 1 is
Increase heat exchanger structure, the heat exchanger is the high temperature-resistive pipeline with control valve, and input and the burner tail gas of heat exchanger go out
Mouth is communicated, and the output end of heat exchanger is communicated with catalytic converter, and the high temperature-resistive pipeline of heat exchanger is spirally arranged at burner combustion
The outside of gas entrance pipe, the high-temperature tail gas after high temperature-resistive pipeline makes burning are exchanged heat with the gas of burner inlet.
5. cool waste processing method in as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2), before starting burner
The control valve of burner tail gas outlet is opened, burner tail gas and inlet gas heat exchange is realized, burner inlet gas is improved
Temperature, realizes that recycle heat is utilized, reducing energy consumption；The difference of the device that the device for being used is used with claim 3 is
Increase heat exchanger structure, the heat exchanger is the high temperature-resistive pipeline with control valve, and input and the burner tail gas of heat exchanger go out
Mouth is communicated, and the output end of heat exchanger is communicated with the high temperature-resistive pipeline of burner body, and the high temperature-resistive pipeline of heat exchanger spirally sets
The outside of the input pipeline of the first air inlet is placed in, high-temperature tail gas and burner inlet after high temperature-resistive pipeline makes burning
Gas exchanged heat.
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| CN110491540A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-22 | 北京航天国环技术有限公司 | A kind of processing method of radioactive waste |
| CN111644034A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-11 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Device and method for treating tail gas generated by Fenton oxidation of radioactive waste resin |
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| CN115831426A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-03-21 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Apparatus and method for treating radioactive substance |
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| CN106782734B (en) | 2018-04-13 |
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