CN105038822B - The cleaning method and device of a kind of sludge - Google Patents
The cleaning method and device of a kind of sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN105038822B CN105038822B CN201510407727.6A CN201510407727A CN105038822B CN 105038822 B CN105038822 B CN 105038822B CN 201510407727 A CN201510407727 A CN 201510407727A CN 105038822 B CN105038822 B CN 105038822B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of clean treatment method of sludge, comprise the following steps：After pending mud is preheated, dried in confined space of the temperature no more than 250 DEG C, then carbonized in confined space of the temperature no more than 300 DEG C, the moisture content of sludge is down to less than 30%, the destructive distillation under 550~700 DEG C of oxygen free condition, respectively obtains solid phase residue and gas-phase product；Reclaimed the solid phase residue as biological carbon；Gained gas-phase product is separated, is decomposed, purification process, respectively obtaining can discharge water, pyrolkigneous liquid, wood tar and combustible gas.Present invention also offers a kind of clean processing unit of sludge.Characteristic of the present invention based on sludge, using charing retorting technique is dried, fuel gas is transformed into by the organic principle in sludge, and solid residue is recycled, and makes full use of sludge calorific value, realizes the inexpensive cleaning treatment that recycling sludge is utilized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of environment engineering technology, and in particular to the cleaning treatment technique and processing unit of a kind of sludge.
Background technology
According to《Chinese sludge treatment Market Report (2013)》Prediction, by the end of 2015, national cities and towns water chemical treatment
Factory's wet mud (moisture content 80%) yield is up to 33,590,000 tons, that is, produce 9.2 ten thousand tons of sludge daily.China to the treatment of sludge at
Put due to being influenceed to relatively lag behind by the factor of the aspects such as fund, sludge stabilization rate is low, harmless treatment rate is not high, treatment disposal
Technology is single, and with high costs, after causing most of sludge unprocessed or only doing simple process, with regard to directly agricultural, landfill
Or send soot landfill, burning, sludge landfill characteristics etc., the even random stacking having.The random landfill of sludge is random
Stack and take a large amount of land resources, and the perishable fouling of sludge, it produces the easy contaminated soil of percolate, underground water and river, lake
The surface water bodies such as pool, ocean, serious secondary pollution is caused to environment.In addition, the heavy metal and toxic organic compound in sludge can
By the food chain Migration And Concentration in ecology, and burning generation toxic gas, to be produced to ecological environmental and human health impacts long-term
It is potentially hazardous.Therefore, it is that current China's Treatment of Sludge is badly in need of solving to reduce Treatment of Sludge cost and improve Treatment of Sludge effect
Problem.
Municipal sludge is mainly the residual active sludge of sewage treatment plant, mainly contains large quantity of moisture, and other micro- lifes
Nutriment and the organic matters such as thing and its residue, in residue based on organic matter and nitrogenous, phosphorus.Because sludge contains largely
Organic principle, is both major reason that sludge is polluted, is also the important foundation of recycling sludge.
At present, domestic urban wastewater treatment firm specific resistance to filtration technology mainly has anaerobic sludge digestion technology, sludge good
Aerobe fermentation technology, sludge landfill characteristics technology, sludge incineration technology；Wherein sludge incineration technology includes：Sludge heat drying technology,
Independent incineration technology and low-temperature carbonization technology etc., up to the present also make full use of the resource in sludge without a kind of technology.
The content of the invention
The present invention overcomes the defect of prior art, there is provided a kind of new sludge cleaning treatment technique, specifically by sewage
Treatment plant excess sludge carries out low-temperature carbonization and then carries out low temperature distillation, and fuel gas is obtained, and fuel gas is used for into technique certainly
Body heat energy is supplied, and makes full use of sludge calorific value, realizes the inexpensive recycling of sludge.
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cleaning method of sludge.
Specifically, the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) after pending mud is preheated, dried in confined space of the temperature no more than 250 DEG C, make the aqueous of sludge
Rate is down to 30~40%, then is carbonized in confined space of the temperature no more than 300 DEG C, make sludge moisture content be down to 30% with
Under；
(2) sludge after step (1) treatment is taken, 10~80min of destructive distillation under 550~700 DEG C of oxygen free condition is obtained respectively
To solid phase residue and gas-phase product；Reclaimed the solid phase residue as biological carbon；
(3) step (2) gained gas-phase product cooled down, separated, respectively obtained gas and mixing liquid；By the gas
Body is post-processed, and is the drying, charing, destructive distillation energy supply as combustion gas；The mixing liquid is entered into water-filling oil to separate；Gained
Water qualified discharge after treatment；Gained oil phase is separated, decompose, purifying, obtains pyrolkigneous liquid, wood tar and combustible gas.
Pending mud of the present invention is sewage treatment plant by remaining sludge after sewage disposal.It is described pending
The moisture content of sludge is not less than 50%.Content of organics is not less than 40%, preferably 40~60% in the pending mud.
During step (1) described charing, the temperature of confined space is preferably no more than 270 DEG C.
Used as a kind of preferred scheme, the step (1) is specially：After pending mud is preheated, at 200~250 DEG C
Indirect heat exchange is carried out with conduction oil in confined space, the moisture content of sludge is down to 30~40%；It is close at 250~270 DEG C again
Close in space carries out indirect heat exchange with conduction oil, the moisture content of sludge is down to less than 30%.
The conduction oil is recycling.The temperature of conduction oil is preferably 220~240 DEG C.
In the step (2), inert gas, such as nitrogen displacement oxygen, so as to realize oxygen-free environment during destructive distillation can be used.
When the moisture content of sludge after step (1) treatment is 10~30%, the destructive distillation described in step (2) is preferably：600
12~75min of destructive distillation under~700 DEG C of oxygen free condition, respectively obtains solid phase, gas-phase product.
When the moisture content of sludge after step (1) treatment is less than 10%, the destructive distillation described in step (2) is preferably：Will be aqueous
Sludge of the rate less than 10% suppresses balling-up after mixing with the wood chip for accounting for sludge weight 15%, under 550~600 DEG C of oxygen free condition
12~75min of destructive distillation, respectively obtains solid phase, gas-phase product.Containing in the effect of present invention addition wood chip mainly raising sludge
Carbon amounts, to improve the quality of combustible gas and the quality of biomass carbon.
The method of the invention can also include the treatment of waste gas, specially：Step (1) drying and charing are produced
Waste gas as thermal source be the pending mud preheat, treated rear qualified discharge.The treatment is specially：By exhaust gas centralized
Middle feeding alkali wash spray tower, removes dust and acidic materials, is then re-fed into low temperature high energy plasma equipment, destruction organic matter point
Son, is oxidized to small organic molecule, then sends into alkali wash spray tower by air-introduced machine, after oxidation, neutralizes acidic oxide, finally reaches
Mark discharge.
After gained solid phase residue of the invention is reclaimed as biological carbon, carbon-point or agricultural fertilizer can be processed into.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cleaning device of sludge.
Specifically, described device includes order connected sludge feed system, drying sludge-carbonization system, sludge successively
Distillation system and product recovery.
The sludge feed system includes the connected storage bin and jacketed screw conveyer of order.The jacketed screw conveying
Machine can also be connected by exhaust piping with exhaust treatment system.
Drying sludge-the carbonization system includes the connected low-temperature drier and carbonizer of order, the low-temperature drier
Entrance be connected with the outlet of the jacketed screw conveyer.Sludge in carbonizer by after low-temperature drier dehydration, entering one
Step reaction, by reaction, material water ratio further reduced, and material unit calorific value is raised, make generation Organic carbon have it is superior
Combustibility.
Drying sludge-the carbonization system is closed negative pressure system, is additionally provided with closed-type feed device, closed discharging dress
Put, so as to ensure the seal of equipment during sludge turnover.
Thermal cycle crosspoint is equipped with inside the low-temperature drier and carbonizer.The thermal cycle crosspoint includes
The twin shaft hollow blade and crustless sandwich of conduction oil can be filled.In practical operation, sludge is continuously stirred in device, and described
, there is thermal chemical reaction in the conduction oil indirect heat exchange in twin shaft hollow blade and crustless sandwich, the destruction of sludge water foam structure is dirty
Mud reclaimed water is transformed into vapor and is separated from sludge.
The thermal cycle crosspoint is connected with heat-conducting oil furnace.After conduction oil is heated in the heat-conducting oil furnace, by following
Ring pump is delivered in thermal cycle crosspoint, and heat exchange occurs with sludge, and making the temperature of conduction oil reduces；Exchange passes through after finishing
Pipeline is back in heat-conducting oil furnace, then is heated, so circulation.The heat-conducting oil furnace can include heat-conducting oil furnace body, fuel
Combustion system, forced draft induced draft system etc..The thermal source of the heat-conducting oil furnace can be the combustion gas that sludge is obtained after treatment, also can be another
Outer introducing natural gas is heated for heat-conducting oil furnace.
The low-temperature drier and carbonizer are also connected respectively through preheating gas pipeline with the jacketed screw conveyer.
After sludge sequentially passes through low-temperature drier and carbonizer, the waste heat gas of discharge are through right in pipeline to jacketed screw conveyer
Supply sludge is preheated；After preheating, exhaust treatment system is entered by exhaust piping, then discharge up to standard.
The sludge distillation system includes the connected storage hopper dredger and gas retort of order；The entrance and the charcoal of the storage hopper dredger
The outlet of change machine is connected.The sludge distillation system is mainly characterized in that：1. sludge is the high-temperature heating under anaerobic state, its product
If owner's vapor, carbonizing gas and carbon granule；2. gas retort processes the carbon granule of sludge creation and the structural property class of charcoal powder
Seemingly；3. the water vapor condensation that pyrolyzing sludge is produced is water non-pollution discharge, and carbonizing gas are converted into pure combustible gas and recycle,
Carbonizing gas calorific value is sufficient, and fuel gas can be done completely；4. retort process is reduction reaction, and nitrogen will not be produced as burning method
Oxide and sulfur dioxide (main component of acid rain)；5. sludge pyrolysis temperature is 550~700 DEG C, and whole process is 10~80
Minute, part heavy metal ion such as Hg in sludge etc., because fusing point is low, can be decomposed under high temperature action and vapored away, other
Heavy metal ion such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni etc., it will be solidificated in carbide product, become it is highly stable and to environment without danger
Evil；Although carbonization system can not remove the heavy metal ion in sludge, but the data result of dissolution test shows, carburizing reagent
Can be solidificated in carbonated product, can be by the use of safety in all trades and professions.
The product recovery includes the biological carbon recovery unit and gas phase recovery unit that are connected with gas retort respectively；Institute
State gas phase recovery unit single comprising the decomposition of unit for treating water, pyrolkigneous liquid and wood tar, purification process unit and organic gas treatment
Unit.
The organic gas processing unit includes the deduster, organic matter decomposing, purifying unit, the cooling that are linked in sequence successively
Device, combustion gas storage tank；Combustion gas storage tank in the organic gas processing unit also by heat supply pipeline respectively with the drying sludge-
Carbonization system is connected with sludge distillation system.
Exhaust treatment system of the present invention can include that order is connected dedusting except acid unit, the deodorant list of plasma successively
Unit, alkali cleaning spray unit, agent-feeding treatment unit and gas vent unit, realize the treatment up to standard to waste gas.
Device of the present invention can further include automatic control system.The automatic control system is included to sludge
The temperature control unit that the temperature of drying-carbonization system and sludge distillation system is controlled, the pressure to distillation system is carried out
The pressure control unit of control, and the control list being controlled to import hot blast rate and import hot blast temperature according to the temperature
Unit etc..
The device that the present invention is provided can be used for implementing the method for the invention.
Characteristic of the present invention based on municipal sludge, using drying-charing-retorting technique, the organic principle in sludge is turned
Become fuel gas, solid residue is used as carbon-point or agricultural fertilizer, is truly realized and makes the best use of everything.Compared with prior art, the present invention extremely
There is following advantages and beneficial effect less：
(1) sludge at low temperature charing destructive distillation cleaning treatment technique of the invention can make full use of dewatered sludge in retort process
The heat formed after the carbonizing gas burning of middle generation, is back in sludge drying, charing, retort process, recycles recovery
Heat energy, has reached the purpose of energy-conservation；
(2) after sludge at low temperature charing destructive distillation cleaning treatment technique of the invention carries out low-temperature carbonization destructive distillation to dewatered sludge,
The volume and weight of sludge are not only substantially reduce the number, and farthest saves the calorific value of sludge, further, dehydration is dirty
Product after paludification destructive distillation has the characteristic similar with charcoal, can be used as soil conditioner and afforestation etc.；
(3) after sludge at low temperature charing destructive distillation cleaning treatment technique of the invention carries out low-temperature carbonization destructive distillation to dewatered sludge,
Heavy metal ion is cured in carbide product, and heavy metal is stablized relatively, and sludge heavy-metal Leaching is fully achieved
Sludge from wastewater treatment plant disposes the requirement of emission limit；
(4) after sludge at low temperature charing destructive distillation cleaning treatment technique of the invention carries out low-temperature carbonization destructive distillation to dewatered sludge,
Not only circulation and stress heat energy, reduces the energy resource consumption in Treatment of Sludge, reduces pollution of the Treatment of Sludge to environment, and output is high
The byproducts such as the pyrolkigneous liquid of added value, wood tar and activated carbon, both had an economic benefit, and had social benefit again；
(5) sludge at low temperature charing destructive distillation cleaning treatment technique investment in fixed assets of the invention is far below code requirement；
(6) sludge at low temperature of the invention carbonizes the treatment of suitable more than the 100 tons municipal sludges of destructive distillation cleaning treatment technique.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the technological process of sludge at low temperature charing destructive distillation cleaning treatment technique in Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of device described in the embodiment of the present invention 3；Wherein 1, storage bin；2nd, jacketed screw conveyer；3、
Low-temperature drier；4th, heat-conducting oil furnace；5th, carbonizer；6th, lifting device；7th, feeding warehouse；8th, gas retort；9th, deduster；10th, it is organic
Thing decomposing, purifying unit；11st, cooler；12nd, combustion gas storage tank；13rd, biological carbon recovery unit；14th, dedusting removes acid unit；15th, etc.
Ion deodorization unit；16th, air-introduced machine；17th, alkali cleaning spray unit.
Specific embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.If not specializing, embodiment
In the conventional meanses that are well known to those skilled in the art of technological means used, it is raw materials used to be commercial goods.
The flow chart of embodiment 1 and the methods described of embodiment 2 is as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 1
From certain municipal sewage plant A obtain sewage disposal after 100 tons of remaining sludge, its water content be 80%, it is organic
Thing content is 40~60%；Follow the steps below treatment：
(1) after pending mud is preheated, the conduction oil in 240 DEG C of confined space with 220~240 DEG C is carried out indirectly
Heat exchange, makes the moisture content of sludge be down to 40%；The conduction oil in 270 DEG C of confined space with 220~240 DEG C is carried out indirectly again
Heat exchange, makes the moisture content of sludge be down to 28%；
(2) sludge after step (1) treatment is taken, the destructive distillation 15min under 600~700 DEG C of oxygen free condition is respectively obtained solid
Phase, gas-phase product；Reclaimed the solid phase residue as biological carbon；
(3) step (2) gained gas-phase product cooled down, separated, respectively obtained gas and mixing liquid；
The gas is post-processed, is the drying, charing, destructive distillation energy supply as combustion gas；
The mixing liquid is entered into water-filling oil to separate；Gained water qualified discharge after treatment；Gained oil phase further divides
From, purifying obtain pyrolkigneous liquid and wood tar, pyrolkigneous liquid and wood tar are decomposed through organic matter decomposing, purifying unit, to greatest extent
Become fuel gas.
Embodiment 2
From certain municipal sewage plant B obtain sewage disposal after 100 tons of remaining sludge, its water content be 50%, it is organic
Thing content is 40~60%；Follow the steps below treatment：
(1) after pending mud is preheated, the conduction oil in 240 DEG C of confined space with 220~240 DEG C is carried out indirectly
Heat exchange, makes the moisture content of sludge be down to 40%；The conduction oil in 270 DEG C of confined space with 220~240 DEG C is carried out indirectly again
Heat exchange, makes the moisture content of sludge be down to 10%；
(2) sludge after step (1) treatment is taken, the wood chip with 15% suppresses balling-up after mixing, in 550~600 DEG C of nothing
Destructive distillation 15min under the conditions of oxygen, respectively obtains solid phase, gas-phase product；Reclaimed the solid phase residue as biological carbon；
(3) step (2) gained gas-phase product cooled down, separated, respectively obtained gas and mixing liquid；
The gas is post-processed, is the drying, charing, destructive distillation energy supply as combustion gas；
The mixing liquid is entered into water-filling oil to separate；Gained water qualified discharge after treatment；Gained oil phase further divides
From, purifying obtain pyrolkigneous liquid and wood tar, pyrolkigneous liquid and wood tar are decomposed through organic matter decomposing, purifying unit, to greatest extent
Become fuel gas.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cleaning device of sludge (with reference to shown in Fig. 2)；Described device includes that the connected sludge of order is supplied successively
To system, drying sludge-carbonization system, sludge distillation system and product recovery；
The sludge feed system includes the connected storage bin 1 and jacketed screw conveyer 2 of order；
Drying sludge-the carbonization system includes the connected low-temperature drier 3 and carbonizer 5 of order, the low temperature drying
The entrance of machine is connected with the outlet of the jacketed screw conveyer 2；The low-temperature drier and carbonizer are also respectively through preheating
Gas pipeline is connected with the jacketed screw conveyer 2；
Thermal cycle crosspoint is equipped with inside the low-temperature drier and carbonizer；The thermal cycle crosspoint includes
The twin shaft hollow blade and crustless sandwich of conduction oil can be filled；The thermal cycle crosspoint is connected with heat-conducting oil furnace 4；
The sludge distillation system includes the connected storage hopper dredger and gas retort 8 of order；It is described storage hopper dredger entrance with it is described
The outlet of carbonizer is connected, and the storage hopper dredger is made up of the lifting device 6 and feeding warehouse 7 that are sequentially connected；
The product recovery includes the biological carbon recovery unit 13 and gas phase recovery unit that are connected with gas retort respectively；
The gas phase recovery unit is decomposed comprising unit for treating water, pyrolkigneous liquid and wood tar, purification process unit and organic gas are processed
Unit；
It is deduster 9 that the organic gas processing unit includes being linked in sequence successively, organic matter decomposing, purifying unit 10, cold
But device 11, combustion gas storage tank 12；Combustion gas storage tank 12 in the organic gas processing unit also by heat supply pipeline respectively with it is described
Drying sludge-carbonization system is connected with sludge distillation system；
The jacketed screw conveyer 2 is also connected by exhaust piping with exhaust treatment system；The exhaust treatment system
It is connected dedusting except acid unit 14, plasma deodorization unit 15, air-introduced machine 16, alkali cleaning spray unit 17, dosing including order successively
Processing unit and gas vent unit.
Embodiment 4
The method that the device provided using embodiment 3 carries out the offer of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
The method that the device provided using embodiment 3 carries out the offer of embodiment 2.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements, belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of cleaning method of sludge, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) after pending mud is preheated, dried no more than in 250 DEG C of confined space in temperature, make moisture content be down to 30~
40%, then carbonized in confined space of the temperature no more than 300 DEG C, the moisture content of sludge is down to less than 30%；
(2) sludge after step (1) treatment is taken, 10~80min of destructive distillation under 550~700 DEG C of oxygen free condition is respectively obtained solid
Phase residue and gas-phase product；Reclaimed the solid phase residue as biological carbon；
(3) step (2) gained gas-phase product cooled down, separated, respectively obtained gas and mixing liquid；
The gas is post-processed, is the drying, charing, destructive distillation energy supply as combustion gas；
The mixing liquid is entered into water-filling oil to separate；Gained water qualified discharge after treatment；Gained oil phase is separated, decompose,
Purifying, obtains pyrolkigneous liquid, wood tar and combustible gas；
Methods described is implemented using the cleaning device of sludge, and described device includes the connected sludge supply system of order successively
System, drying sludge-carbonization system, sludge distillation system and product recovery；
The sludge feed system includes the connected storage bin and jacketed screw conveyer of order；
Drying sludge-the carbonization system includes the connected low-temperature drier and carbonizer of order, and the low-temperature drier enters
Mouth is connected with the outlet of the jacketed screw conveyer；Thermal cycle is equipped with inside the low-temperature drier and carbonizer and exchanges single
Unit；The low-temperature drier and carbonizer are also connected respectively through preheating gas pipeline with the jacketed screw conveyer；
The sludge distillation system includes the connected storage hopper dredger and gas retort of order；The entrance and the carbonizer of the storage hopper dredger
Outlet be connected；
The product recovery includes the biological carbon recovery unit and gas phase recovery unit that are connected with gas retort respectively；The gas
Phase recovery unit includes the decomposition of unit for treating water, pyrolkigneous liquid and wood tar, purification process unit and organic gas processing unit；Institute
State organic gas processing unit also by heat supply pipeline respectively with the drying sludge-carbonization system and sludge distillation system phase
Even.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the moisture content of step (1) described pending mud is not less than
50%, content of organics is not less than 40%.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the step (1) is specially：Pending mud is pre-
After heat, indirect heat exchange is carried out with conduction oil in 200~250 DEG C of confined space, the moisture content of sludge is down to 30~40%；
Indirect heat exchange is carried out with conduction oil in 250~270 DEG C of confined space again, the moisture content of sludge is down to less than 30%.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the temperature of the conduction oil is 220~240 DEG C.
5. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that step (2) described destructive distillation is specially：Take step (1) place
Moisture content is 10~30% sludge after reason, 12~75min of destructive distillation under 600~700 DEG C of oxygen free condition, is respectively obtained solid
Phase, gas-phase product.
6. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the step (2) is specially：After taking step (1) treatment
Sludge of the moisture content less than 10%, the wood chip with 15% suppresses balling-up after mixing, the destructive distillation under 550~600 DEG C of oxygen free condition
12~75min, respectively obtains solid phase, gas-phase product.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described also includes：By step (1) drying and charcoal
Change the waste gas for producing as thermal source for the pending mud is preheated, treated rear qualified discharge.
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