CN103359898A - Method and apparatus for sludge deep treatment and resource utilization - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for sludge deep treatment and resource utilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN103359898A CN103359898A CN2013103270135A CN201310327013A CN103359898A CN 103359898 A CN103359898 A CN 103359898A CN 2013103270135 A CN2013103270135 A CN 2013103270135A CN 201310327013 A CN201310327013 A CN 201310327013A CN 103359898 A CN103359898 A CN 103359898A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for sludge deep treatment and resource utilization. According to the method, the sludge is treated by using a combined process of conditioning, rupturing membrane, adding materials, removing water, drying rapidly and pyrolyzing the sludge at a low temperature. The sludge is treated by a treatment apparatus comprising a sludge conditioning material-feeding system, a sludge membrane-rupturing reactor, a sludge dewatering machine, a sludge dryer, a sludge pyrolyzing furnace, a biomass fuel heating supply system and a flue gas purification system. The method can overcome the disadvantages of high energy consumption and low efficiency of a conventional process. A biochar product with excellent performance and high environmental safety can be obtained, and reduction, harmlessness and resource of the sludge can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sludge deep processing and resource utilization method and device, be specifically related to use the combination process lignin-sludge of rupture of membranes, dehydration, drying, pyrolysis, and the method and apparatus of generation charcoal, be specially adapted to the excess sludge that sanitary sewage disposal factory produces, and the industrial sludge that produces of the industries such as printing and dyeing, weaving, papermaking.
Background technology
Mud is the by product in sanitary sewage and the During Industrial Wastewater Treatment Process.Along with the fast development of China's economy, the production-scale expansion of industrial enterprise, sludge yield is increasing year by year.Because the hysteresis of sludge disposal technology, it is full of suffering from hopeless predicament that a lot of sewage works and enterprise face " mud ".In recent years, arbitrarily toppled over and cause serious Environment Pollution Event to appear in the newspapers repeatly owing to mud, caused government and the public's concern.
The output of China's mud is large at present, water ratio is high, sludge disposal technology is uneven, mainly take simple landfill or store up as main, yet a large amount of mud do not reach the landfill yard admission standard of water ratio below 60%, stabilization, harmless treatment disposal rate are lower, both be unfavorable for the utilization of resources, easily caused again the secondary pollution problem.On the other hand, to flourishing cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Beijing, land resources is extremely valuable, and Sludge landfill has been subjected to restriction.Although that sludge incineration can realize is the most thorough, farthest subtract appearance, but the sludge incinerator one-time investment is large, running cost is high, the pollution of dioxin and heavy metal be can cause to the tail gas in the environment through discharged in burning, tender subject that the public pays special attention to and the focus of environment colony event become.Sludge composting is owing to containing a certain amount of heavy metal and affect the application of its composting production in the mud, especially agricultural or avoid entering and be restricted aspect the food chain always, cause the sludge composting outlet to encounter a difficulty and hard to carry on.The sludge composting foul smell is large, and is huge to surrounding environment influence, and compost treatment production process and quality product are difficult to control.At present, very fast as cement additive, brickmaking and this several respects technical development of artificial lightweight aggregate with mud, good market prospect, but also there is the shortcoming that technology is not mature enough or the amount of dissolving is too little at present in these techniques, make the innoxious problem that building materials do not solve mud such as mud; The dissolve ratio of mud of production of construction materials technique is limited, the mud that can't dissolve and produce continually; Because China does not still have standard or the standard about mud heavy metal restriction in building materials utilize at present, directly utilizing can be to the potential harm of human health generation in addition.
Pyrolyzing sludge technique be without in (lacking) oxygen atmosphere with the certain temperature lignin-sludge, be a kind of new sludge treatment technique.Owing to producing the pyrolysis oil gas that can be used as fuel utilization and the sludge organism charcoal that can be used as pollutant absorbent in the pyrolytic process, and with respect to traditional treatment process, pollutant discharge amount in the pyrolysis processing process obviously reduces, and pyrolysis method can be processed various sewage sludges, be not subjected to the impact of mud inclusion, this also is that other method can not be compared, and therefore day by day comes into one's own.In recent years, this technology has obtained breakthrough at home, has obtained some and use demonstration aspect industrially scalable.
The ZL200910039251.X patent discloses the method and apparatus that utilizes waste oil to carry out the mud comprehensive treating process, and this patent is by the source that after waste oil is processed it acted as a fuel.Because under the existing national conditions of China, the centralized collection of waste oil is difficulty relatively, because to serve as the added value of fuel higher being prepared into biofuel with it; On the other hand, because the water ratio of mud is still up to more than 80% after the process simple dehydration, after directly entering destructive distillation device, pyrolysis drying stage in early stage need consume the more indirect heating energy, can increase running cost, cause the temperature fluctuation in the destructive distillation device larger, simultaneously because sludge components is complicated, make the pyrolysis production technique unstable and be difficult to control, also can't guarantee the quality of charcoal.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcoming existing mud conventional process technical deficiency, solve that existing mud destructive distillation treatment technology fuel source can't ensure, energy consumption is high, wayward, be difficult to guarantee the problems such as processing efficiency and quality product, a kind of sludge deep treatment process and related device based on the preparation charcoal is provided, had that investment cost is low, processing efficiency is high, advantages such as lasting, recycle, convenient management.
The contriver finds by theoretical analysis and concrete practice, can obtain by the improvement of following measures a kind of sludge deep treatment process and device of efficient energy-saving, and obtain the charcoal of excellent product performance.
At first can adopt preconditioning technique (such as mechanical deep dehydration) to reduce the water ratio of mud, thereby reduce energy consumption and the working cost of subsequent technique.Preferably to mud nurse one's health first rupture of membranes again the mode of deep dehydration come water cut, as first by adding chemical agent conditioning rupture of membranes.Select hypochlorite and the vitriol oil as the rupture of membranes agent among the present invention, wherein the preferred clorox of hypochlorite and/or potassium hypochlorite.Add the rupture of membranes agent in the mud and can destroy extracellular polymeric and microorganism cells, extracellular polymeric hydrolysis, microorganism cells are disintegrated, and the tenuigenin of cell interior is separated out, and forms gluey mud, water discharges in the born of the same parents by making, and improves the efficient of follow-up mechanical dehydration.After rupture of membranes, in mud, add inorganic coagulant, sludge modification agent and organic polymer coagulating agent again among the present invention, can change the surface charge of mud by the synergy of above various medicaments, promote cohesion and the sedimentation of mud granule.Inorganic coagulant among the present invention can be selected conventional ferric flocculant and Al-based coagulant, such as FeSO
4, AlCl
3Deng.Organic polymer coagulating agent among the present invention is selected octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, it is good that it has chemical stability, the characteristics such as heat-resisting, fast light, the strong acid of anti-highly basic, it is a kind of sewage disposal organic polymer coagulating agent of excellent performance, and it can be combined by the heavy metal in mud in the process of pyrolyzing sludge, is conducive to prevent that heavy metal from disengaging.In addition, also select ZnCl among the present invention
2As the sludge modification agent.Show by experiment ZnCl
2Can change the surface charge of mud except having conventional coagulating agent, improve outside the function of flocculating result, can also be through decomposing the internal structural characteristic that changes the sewage sludge solid particle in pyrolytic process.Add ZnCl
2Carry out mud after the modification by dehydration, drying and pyrolysis processing after, the charcoal of gained has the more aperture of homogeneous, higher porosity and the specific surface area of Geng Gao, thus more excellent absorption property had, have the application potential as the gac substitute.
Can destroy extracellular polymeric (ESP) by above composite synergy inorganic, organic medicament, change the surface charge of mud, promote the cohesion of mud granule, concentrated through machinery afterwards again, such as the effect of sheet frame mechanical expression, can remove most interstitial water and capillary water, obtain water ratio and be the dehydrated sludge cake below 60%.Because the organic polymer coagulating agent octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride of using among the present invention belongs to the very easily organic polymer backbone of hydrolysis, if add first inorganic coagulant, sludge modification agent and organic polymer coagulating agent, add again the rupture of membranes agent, then the backbone of organic polymer coagulating agent can suffer the attack of rupture of membranes agent electron pair, the molecule long-chain is interrupted, lose the effect of adsorption bridging, the mud floc sedimentation that causes forming becomes tiny flco again, reduces dewatering.Therefore should after fully reacting, the rupture of membranes agent add again inorganic coagulant, sludge modification agent and organic polymer coagulating agent adding.Secondly, among the present invention the drying of mud is separated with pyrolytic process, in whizzer and pyrolyzing sludge stove, carry out respectively, to improve the thermo-efficiency of dry and pyrolytic process.In drying process, ftir Analysis curve (TG-FTIR) by domestic sludge that sewage work is produced is analyzed as can be known, located an obvious peak value (weightless 40%) at 127.7 ℃, this means that this temperature is that mud is separated out chemical water and in conjunction with the optimum temps of water.Therefore, among the present invention, preferred drying temperature is 120-135 ℃, recommending the optimum drying temperature range is 125-130 ℃, both can guarantee drying rate best in this process and stable drying process, and the heat that biomass combustion is produced is passed to Sludge Surface, promote surperficial hygroscopic water rapid evaporation, can avoid again that heat loses in a large number under the excessive temperature, cause the drying process efficiency to descend, running cost rises.In addition, consider from the process safety angle, control that this temperature range also can be avoided because the over-drying danger that causes the dust explosion that the Sludge Surface mummification brings.
In addition, in the pyrolyzing sludge stove, control mud namely reacts under 300-400 ℃ of condition in low temperature range, makes the gradually carbonization of organic matter in the mud.Experiment shows, resulting sludge organism charcoal under 300 ℃ pyrolysis temperature condition, and it is extremely low that its heavy metal DTPA extracts attitude content, even do not disengage, and this rule and mud source are irrelevant.Therefore pass through control low temperature pyrogenation temperature, not only can be energy-conservation, and can reduce significantly the bioavailability of sludge heavy-metal, thus reduce potential environmental risk.
Cause the reduction of heavy metal available state for 300 ℃ pyrolytic processs, possible reason have following some: mainly be melting and the volatilization of the micromolecular compound in the mud below (1) 300 ℃, do not have the generation of chemical reaction; After being higher than 300 ℃, unazotized polymer cellular constituent, polysaccharide and fat etc. begin degraded, produce H
2, stable hydrocarbon and small molecular weight the material such as alcohol, ketone; (2) the nitrogen element in the mud mainly is present in the protein-based compound, and its pyrolytic reaction mainly concentrates on 300 ℃ temperature section, in the thermal conversion process, in the carbon structure network that may be entered by the nitrogen heterocyclic ring functional groups; (3) owing to the organic polymer coagulating agent octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride that adds, the part that can be used as Heavy Metals in Sludge carries out combination, helps heavy metal is fixed in the residue.
Pyrolysis processing also can affect the charcoal surface charge in addition.Under 300-400 ℃ of condition, carry out pyrolytic reaction, sludge modification agent ZnCl
2Can fully play modifying function, to different sources, the mud that composition is different all can obtain the charcoal product that more uniform surface charge distributes.Experiment shows that the outside surface of charcoal may more occur in the time of 400 ℃ oxidising process, and surface charge is more evenly distributed.
Comprehensive above result of study to pyrolysis temperature: under the different pyrolysis temperature conditions, the charcoal of 400 ℃ of preparations has more uniform surface charge and distributes.In addition, resulting sludge organism charcoal under 300 ℃ pyrolysis temperature condition, it is extremely low that its heavy metal DTPA extracts attitude content, even do not disengage, and this rule and mud source are irrelevant.Therefore the present invention is controlled at pyrolysis temperature between 300 ℃-400 ℃.By control low temperature pyrogenation temperature, not only can be energy-conservation, and can reduce significantly the bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Sludge, thus reduce potential environmental risk and can improve the quality of charcoal.
At last, adopt biomass molding fuel to substitute waste oil among the present invention.Biomass molding fuel is compared with waste oil, has the following advantages: 1. wide material sources, and supplier is more, and less expensive; 2. the biomass molding fuel pellet density is large, volume is little, is convenient to transportation, stores and uses; 3. volatile content is high, calorific value higher (greatly about about 4000-4500kcal/kg), good ignition performance is arranged, and 4. the use of biomass molding fuel can reduce the discharging of atmospheric polluting material (dischargings of sulfurous gas, oxynitride, heavy metal, Dioxins etc.) and reduction greenhouse gases.The gloomy biomass molding fuel of enlightening (being called for short " BMF ") that the biomass molding fuel that the present invention selects preferentially selects Disen Heat Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou to produce also can use the other biological matter shaped fuel of selling on the market in addition.
The present invention also develops a cover sludge treatment equipment for above through the method for sludge treatment after improving, and this device comprises sludge conditioning medicine system, mud rupture of membranes reactor, sludge dewatering equipment, sludge dryer, pyrolyzing sludge stove, biomass molding fuel heating system and 7 parts of flue gas purification system; Wherein the sludge conditioning medicine system comprises rupture of membranes agent basin, inorganic coagulant basin, sludge modification agent basin, organic polymer coagulating agent basin and dosing pump, it is connected with the sludge conditioning reactor, adds rupture of membranes agent, inorganic coagulant, sludge modification agent and organic polymer coagulating agent by dosing pump in reactor.The sludge conditioning reactor can be selected the sequence batch (stirred reactor, to finish mixing, reaction and precipitation process.The outlet of sludge conditioning reactor is connected with sludge dewatering equipment through the force (forcing) pump pipeline, and sludge dewatering equipment can be selected the squeezing equipment such as plate-and-frame filter press or belt filter press.The water ratio of the sludge cake of discharging through sludge dewatering equipment is lowered to below 60%, then be transported to and carry out drying in the sludge dryer, sludge dryer can be selected the drying plants such as revolving drier or vertical drier, the hot blast rate that enters in the sludge dryer by control keeps dry temperature between 125-130 ℃, and so that the water ratio of mud be lowered to below 15%.The sludge-drying that revolving drier is discharged can be delivered directly to pyrolysis in the pyrolyzing sludge stove, also can leave in first in the buffering storage tank, is transported to pyrolysis in the pyrolyzing sludge stove wait being accumulated to after a certain amount of.The pyrolyzing sludge stove is selected external heat type rotary furnace, the hot blast rate that enters in the pyrolyzing sludge stove by control keeps pyrolysis temperature between 300-400 ℃, the inflammable gas that pyrolysis oven produces is delivered to biomass formed fuel stove by pipeline and is used for burning generation hot blast after collecting, the solid matter that obtains is charcoal.The hot blast that the biomass molding fuel heating system produces divides two outlets, links to each other with the gas inlet of sludge dryer with the pyrolyzing sludge stove respectively by pipeline, and the ingress arranges valve regulated and distributes air quantity, guarantees the temperature in sludge dryer and the pyrolyzing sludge stove.The flue gas that produces in the sludge dryer is transported to flue gas purification system, after treatment discharging.Flue gas purification system comprises spray column, sack cleaner and chimney, wherein be provided with the atomizer of spray liquid in the spray column, spray column and and sack cleaner between flue in be provided with the dosing shower nozzle that sprays the charcoal powder, the flue gas of sludge dryer outlet links to each other with the spray column bottom, from bottom to top enter in the spray column water curtain contact, in flue, spray into active carbon powder, then enter sack cleaner, in the flue gas because with the charcoal powder particle, when the sack cleaner owing to holding back, inertial impaction, static, charcoal powder particle and thereon pollutent of absorption can be further held back in the effects such as diffusion, after purifying flue gas by induced draft fan through smoke stack emission.The solid particulate (being the charcoal powder particle) of sack cleaner interception enters the storage ash bucket through after the impulse hunting, processes or directly is back in the mud buffering storage tank by transport pipe and carry out recycle.
For anaerobic or the anoxic condition of controlling pyrolytic process, the feed system of pyrolyzing sludge stove adopts the rotary feeding valve among the present invention, fill process guarantees that air-tight state prevents inclusion of air, gaseous tension in the pyrolytic process in the pyrolysis oven adopts automatically control, keep pressurized operation, make the air pressure of pyrolysis oven inside be slightly larger than outside normal atmosphere, be preferably greater than outside normal atmosphere 40-60Pa, cause the too high and danger of blasting of oxygen thereby avoid air to enter pyrolysis oven.
In sum, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sludge deep to process and resource utilization method, may further comprise the steps:
1) rupture of membranes dehydrating step: add the rupture of membranes agent in mud, add inorganic coagulant, sludge modification agent and organic polymer coagulating agent again behind the conditioning rupture of membranes, the mode by the mechanical expression dehydration reaches below 60% moisture percentage in sewage sludge at last;
2) drying step: the resulting mud of rupture of membranes dehydrating step is carried out drying under 125-130 ℃ temperature, wherein moisture content further evaporates, and its water ratio is reduced to below 15%;
3) pyrolysis step: dried mud carries out pyrolysis under 300-400 ℃ temperature, so that the organic major part in the mud is cracked into inflammable gas, small part is tar, and the remaining solid material obtains the charcoal product of good adsorption performance at last under the effect of sludge modification agent.
The agent of rupture of membranes described in the present invention is hypochlorite and the vitriol oil.
Hypochlorite described in the present invention is that hypochlorous acid is received, and consumption is the 0.2-0.5%(w/w of sludge quantity), the consumption of the vitriol oil is 10-25ml/L (v/v).
Coagulating agent described in the present invention is FeSO
4, consumption is the 0.5-1.5%(w/w of sludge quantity).
The agent of sludge modification described in the present invention is ZnCl
2, consumption is the 1.0-2.0%(w/w of sludge quantity).
The coagulating agent of organic polymer described in the present invention is octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and consumption is the 0.3-0.5%(w/w of sludge quantity).
Method for sludge treatment described in the present invention is characterized in that: all adopt the biomass molding fuel heat supply in drying step and the pyrolysis step.
The present invention also aims to a kind of sludge treatment equipment, this device has comprised sludge conditioning medicine system, mud rupture of membranes reactor, sludge dewatering equipment, sludge dryer, pyrolyzing sludge stove, biomass molding fuel heating system and 7 parts of flue gas purification system; Wherein the sludge conditioning medicine system is connected with the sludge conditioning reactor, in reactor, add the rupture of membranes agent by dosing pump, inorganic coagulant, sludge modification agent and organic polymer coagulating agent, the outlet of sludge conditioning reactor links to each other with the entrance of sludge dewatering equipment through the force (forcing) pump pipeline, the sludge cake that water ratio drops to below 60% after dehydration is transported to and the sludge dryer import, under 125-130 ℃ temperature, carry out drying so that water ratio drops to below 15%, the sludge-drying that sludge dryer is discharged is transported to the pyrolyzing sludge stove again, carries out pyrolysis under 300-400 ℃ temperature; The hot blast that the biomass molding fuel heating system produces divides two outlets, links to each other with the gas inlet of sludge dryer with the pyrolyzing sludge stove respectively by pipeline, and the ingress arranges valve regulated and distributes air quantity, guarantees the temperature in sludge dryer and the pyrolyzing sludge stove; The inflammable gas that pyrolysis oven produces is delivered to biomass formed fuel stove by pipeline and is used for burning generation hot blast after collecting, the flue gas that produces in the sludge dryer is transported to flue gas purification system, after treatment discharging.
Also be provided with the buffering storage tank between sludge dryer described in the present invention and the pyrolyzing sludge stove, described sludge dewatering equipment is high pressure or normal pressure plate-and-frame filter press, and sludge dryer is revolving drier, and the pyrolyzing sludge stove is external heat type rotary furnace.
The entrance of the stove of pyrolyzing sludge described in the present invention is installed the rotary feeding valve, so that reinforced and sealing alternate run, pyrolytic process carries out under the anaerobic that seals or anoxic condition, gaseous tension in the pyrolysis oven adopts automatic monitoring, the inflammable gas that produces by the pump drainage pyrolysis keeps pressurized operation, makes the air pressure of pyrolysis oven inside greater than the normal atmosphere 40-60Pa of outside.
Flue gas purification system described in the present invention comprises spray column, sack cleaner and chimney, wherein be provided with the atomizer of spray liquid in the spray column, be provided with the shower nozzle that sprays the charcoal powder in the flue between spray column and the sack cleaner, sack cleaner is provided with a transport pipe and sludge dewatering equipment, and the charcoal powder of tackling is back to mud buffering storage tank.
In sum, the present invention is by adjusting and the Optimization Technology combination, increase suitable preconditioning technique (the conditioning rupture of membranes is in conjunction with mechanical dehydration), select suitable drying and pyrolysis temperature to reduce the method for processing cost, seek simultaneously the as an alternative energy of the secure biomass moulding in inexpensive source or non-shaped fuel, obtained the raising processing efficiency, the improving product performance, reduce energy consumption, reduce the advantages such as secondary pollution, realized the thorough harmless treatment of excess sludge, the environmental friendly principle that meets current energy-saving and emission-reduction and the utilization of resources, the pollutent generation is low in the treating processes, has good sustainability.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment in conjunction with following accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of sludge treatment equipment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is the sludge conditioning medicine system; 2 is the sludge conditioning reaction tank; 3 is plate-and-frame filter press; 4 is endless belt conveyor; 5 is whizzer; 6 are the buffering storage tank; 7 is spray column; 8 is sack cleaner; 9 is induced draft fan; 10 is chimney; 11 is the biomass fuel lift; 12 is the combustion chamber; 13 volume dampers; 14 is overfire air fan; 15 is the biomass hotblast stove; 16 is the pyrolyzing sludge stove; 17 is the sludge organism charcoal.
Fig. 2 is the thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric curve (TG-DTG) of the domestic sludge processed of the present invention.
Embodiment
The below describes embodiments of the invention in detail, and the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Method for sludge treatment of the present invention and device are described with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows:
The structure of sludge treatment equipment of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.The sludge conditioning reaction tank 2 that it comprises in the subtend mud sludge conditioning medicine system 1 of adding rupture of membranes agent, organic coagulating agent, sludge modification agent and organic polymer coagulating agent, mix, react for mud and medicament, to the plate-and-frame filter press 3 of deeply dehydrating sludge.Water ratio is that the pending mud of 80-99% at first enters into sludge conditioning reaction tank 2, then in mud, add the rupture of membranes agent that is formed by clorox and the vitriol oil by sludge conditioning medicine system 1, after the rupture of membranes reaction is finished, to wherein adding inorganic coagulant and sludge modification agent, fully add at last the organic polymer coagulating agent after the hybrid reaction again.Finishing mud after the conditioning is pumped into and carries out the mechanical expression dehydration in the plate-and-frame filter press 3, the water ratio that press filtration obtains be lower than 60% sludge cake by endless belt conveyor 4 be delivered in the whizzer 5, sludge cake carries out drying under 125-130 ℃ temperature in whizzer 5, when treating that its water ratio is lower than 15%, with sludge-drying change over to the buffering storage tank 6 in temporarily the storage, when waiting to reach a certain amount of, sludge-drying is delivered to carries out pyrolysis in the pyrolyzing sludge stove 16.The flue gas that mud produces when dry in whizzer 5 is transported to the bottom of spray column 7, contact with spray liquid from bottom to top, after discharging, the spray column top enters between the sack cleaner 8 flue by shower nozzle to wherein spraying into the charcoal powder, hold back the charcoal powder particle through sack cleaner and be collected, flue gas discharges through chimney 10 by induced draft fan 9 after purifying.Sludge-drying carries out pyrolysis under without (lacking) oxygen, stove internal gas pressure temperature condition greater than the normal atmosphere 40-60Pa of outside and 300-400 ℃ in pyrolyzing sludge stove 16, make the gradually carbonization of organic matter in the mud, simultaneously cracking produces inflammable gas (comprising methane, propane, coal gas etc.), and the solid matter that obtains after pyrolysis is finished is the sludge organism charcoal.The biomass molding fuel of buying enters into the combustion chamber 12 of biomass thermal wind furnace 15 by biomass fuel lift 11, carry out mixed firing with the air that blasts by blower fan 14, the hot blast that produces is divided into two strands by volume damper 13, link to each other with the gas inlet of whizzer 5 with pyrolyzing sludge stove 16 respectively by pipeline, to guarantee the temperature in sludge dryer and the pyrolyzing sludge stove.The inflammable gas that produces in the pyrolyzing sludge stove 16 also is sucked to be transported in the combustion chamber 12 and burns, and reclaims its energy to realize recycle.
Embodiment 1
When by above device mud being processed, add first the 2000L water ratio in the sludge conditioning reaction tank and be 96% domestic sludge, then add hypochlorous acid and receive 6kg, vitriol oil 30L, add again FeSO after stirring 60min
420kg, ZnCl
230kg stirs 3min, after adding at last organic polymer coagulating agent octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 8kg stirring 3min, adopt the barrier film plate-and-frame filter press under the pressure of 0.8MPa, to advance mud 120min, with the pressure lower diaphragm plate squeezing 20min of hydraulic pressure at 0.8MPa, moisture percentage in sewage sludge is weighed, measured to mud cake is 59% again.
When by above device mud being processed, add first the 2000L water ratio in the sludge conditioning reaction tank and be 96% domestic sludge, then add hypochlorous acid and receive 10kg, vitriol oil 40L, add again FeSO after stirring 80min
420kg, ZnCl
230kg stirs 4min, after adding at last organic polymer coagulating agent octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 8kg stirring 4min, adopt the barrier film plate-and-frame filter press under the pressure of 0.8MPa, to advance mud 120min, with the pressure lower diaphragm plate squeezing 20min of hydraulic pressure at 0.8MPa, moisture percentage in sewage sludge is weighed, measured to mud cake is 56% again.Embodiment 3
When by above device mud being processed, add first the 2000L water ratio in the sludge conditioning reaction tank and be 96% domestic sludge, then add hypochlorous acid and receive 6kg, vitriol oil 30L, add again FeSO after stirring 60min
430kg, ZnCl
240kg stirs 4min, after adding at last organic polymer coagulating agent octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 8kg stirring 4min, adopt the barrier film plate-and-frame filter press under the pressure of 0.8MPa, to advance mud 120min, with the pressure lower diaphragm plate squeezing 20min of hydraulic pressure at 0.8MPa, moisture percentage in sewage sludge is weighed, measured to mud cake is 58% again.
Embodiment 4
When by above device mud being processed, add first the 2000L water ratio in the sludge conditioning reaction tank and be 96% domestic sludge, then add hypochlorous acid and receive 6kg, vitriol oil 30L, add again FeSO after stirring 80min
420kg, ZnCl
230kg stirs 5min, after adding at last organic polymer coagulating agent octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 10kg stirring 5min, adopt the barrier film plate-and-frame filter press under the pressure of 0.8MPa, to advance mud 120min, with the pressure lower diaphragm plate squeezing 20min of hydraulic pressure at 0.8MPa, moisture percentage in sewage sludge is weighed, measured to mud cake is 57% again.
The comparative example 1
When by above device mud being processed, add first the 2000L water ratio in the sludge conditioning reaction tank and be 96% domestic sludge, then add FeSO
420kg, ZnCl
230kg stirs 3min, after adding at last organic polymer coagulating agent octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 8kg stirring 3min, adopt the barrier film plate-and-frame filter press under the pressure of 0.8MPa, to advance mud 120min, with the pressure lower diaphragm plate squeezing 20min of hydraulic pressure at 0.8MPa, moisture percentage in sewage sludge is weighed, measured to mud cake is 64% again.
The comparative example 2
When by above device mud being processed, add first the 2000L water ratio in the sludge conditioning reaction tank and be 96% domestic sludge, then add FeSO
450kg stirs 4min, after adding at last organic polymer coagulating agent octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 8kg stirring 4min, adopt the barrier film plate-and-frame filter press under the pressure of 0.8MPa, to advance mud 120min, with the pressure lower diaphragm plate squeezing 20min of hydraulic pressure at 0.8MPa, moisture percentage in sewage sludge is weighed, measured to mud cake is 66% again.The comparative example 3
When by above device mud being processed, add first the 2000L water ratio in the sludge conditioning reaction tank and be 96% domestic sludge, then add hypochlorous acid and receive 6kg, vitriol oil 30L, add again FeSO after stirring 60min
450kg stirs 4min, after adding at last organic polymer coagulating agent octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 8kg stirring 4min, adopt the barrier film plate-and-frame filter press under the pressure of 0.8MPa, to advance mud 120min, with the pressure lower diaphragm plate squeezing 20min of hydraulic pressure at 0.8MPa, moisture percentage in sewage sludge is weighed, measured to mud cake is 59.8% again.
The research discovery, moisture percentage in sewage sludge descends along with the increase of rupture of membranes agent, inorganic coagulant and organic polymer coagulant administration amount; And behind the adding properties-correcting agent, also promoted the sludge dewatering effect.In the dosage scope of investigating, moisture percentage in sewage sludge is minimum to reach 56%, 66.0% moisture percentage in sewage sludge when being better than only adopting inorganic coagulant and the conditioning of organic polymer coagulant double crossing, decrement successful.
Get the dewatered sludge (namely add properties-correcting agent and do not add two kinds of situations of properties-correcting agent) that obtains among above-described embodiment 1 and the comparative example 3 125 ℃ carry out drying after, make water ratio be reduced to 10%, then carry out pyrolysis, under 400 ℃ of conditions, charing 4h, the powder after the charing milled obtains sludge organism charcoal sorbing material.The difference of its main absorption property is as follows:
Data can be found out from table, by add properties-correcting agent ZnCl in mud
2, can improve significantly porosity, specific surface area and the adsorptive power of charcoal, thereby obtain a kind of high-quality sludge organism charcoal that can substitute gac.
With the method in above-described embodiment 1 mud of originating from three Sewage Plant is nursed one's health rupture of membranes and processed, then after carrying out drying under 130 ℃ the temperature, make water ratio be reduced to 15%, then carry out pyrolysis, under selected temperature condition, charing 4h, the heavy metal that then detects the biological carbon materials that obtains disengages concentration.Experimental result sees the following form:
DTPA can extract attitude (mgkg
-1)
DTPA can extract attitude/full dose
Wherein A, B, C represent the mud from three different sewage factories.Numeral pyrolysis temperature behind the letter, wherein not pyrolysis of " 25 " expression normal temperature, i.e. former raw sludge.
A. EU Council's instruction 86/278/EEC(1986 promulgated June 12), mainly for to environment protection, the soil protection when particularly mud is used for agricultural
B. " agricultural mud pollutent control criterion " (GB4284-84).
Can be found out by upper table data, for the mud of different sources, it is can effectively reduce DTPA can extract attitude concentration that pyrolysis temperature is 300 ℃, fails to be detected so that the DTPA of each heavy metal species extracts attitude.
With the method in above-described embodiment 1 mud of originating from three Sewage Plant is nursed one's health rupture of membranes and processed, then after carrying out drying under 130 ℃ the temperature, make water ratio be reduced to 15%, then carry out pyrolysis, under selected temperature condition, then charing 4h detects the surface charge of the biological carbon materials obtain.Experimental result sees the following form:
The surface charge of table different sources sludge organism charcoal under different pyrolysis temperatures
* letter abbreviations represents the Sewage Plant title, the numeral pyrolysis temperature behind the letter
And pH
PZCWith pH
IEPThe variation of difference show, pyrolysis processing is affecting the charcoal surface charge in varying degrees.The pH in all three kinds of mud sources
PZCWith pH
IEPDifference in the time of 400 ℃, obtain Schwellenwert, this shows, the outside surface of charcoal may more occur in oxidising process when this temperature, surface charge is more evenly distributed.
Comprehensive above result of study: under the different pyrolysis temperature conditions, the charcoal of 400 ℃ of preparations has more uniform surface charge and distributes.In addition, resulting sludge organism charcoal under 300 ℃ pyrolysis temperature condition, it is extremely low that its heavy metal DTPA extracts attitude content, even do not disengage, and this rule and mud source are irrelevant.
This shows, by control low temperature pyrogenation temperature, not only can be energy-conservation, and can reduce significantly the bioavailability of sludge heavy-metal, thus reduce potential environmental risk.
In the description of this specification sheets, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or the example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the characteristics of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, the schematic statement of above-mentioned term not necessarily referred to identical embodiment or example.And the specific features of description, structure, material or characteristics can be with suitable mode combinations in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although the above has illustrated and has described embodiments of the invention, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art is not in the situation that break away from principle of the present invention and aim can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention, modification, replacement and modification.
Claims (10)
1. a sludge deep is processed and resource utilization method, may further comprise the steps:
1) rupture of membranes dehydrating step: add the rupture of membranes agent in mud, add inorganic coagulant, sludge modification agent and organic polymer coagulating agent again behind the conditioning rupture of membranes, the mode by the mechanical expression dehydration reaches below 60% moisture percentage in sewage sludge at last;
2) drying step: the resulting mud of rupture of membranes dehydrating step is carried out drying under 125-130 ℃ temperature, wherein moisture content further evaporates, and its water ratio is reduced to below 15%;
3) pyrolysis step: dried mud carries out pyrolysis under 300-400 ℃ temperature, so that the organic major part in the mud is cracked into inflammable gas, small part is tar, and the remaining solid material obtains the good charcoal product of absorption property under sludge modification agent effect.
2. sludge deep as claimed in claim 1 is processed and resource utilization method, it is characterized in that, described rupture of membranes agent is hypochlorite and the vitriol oil.
3. sludge deep as claimed in claim 2 is processed and resource utilization method, it is characterized in that, described hypochlorite is that hypochlorous acid is received, and consumption is the 0.2-0.5%(w/w of sludge quantity), the consumption of the vitriol oil is 10-25ml/L (v/v).
4. sludge deep as claimed in claim 1 is processed and resource utilization method, it is characterized in that, described sludge modification agent is ZnCl
2, consumption is the 1.0-2.0%(w/w of sludge quantity).
5. sludge deep as claimed in claim 1 is processed and resource utilization method, it is characterized in that, described organic polymer coagulating agent is octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and consumption is the 0.3-0.5%(w/w of sludge quantity).
6. sludge deep as claimed in claim 1 is processed and resource utilization method, it is characterized in that, all adopts the biomass molding fuel heat supply in drying step and the pyrolysis step.
7. a sludge deep is processed and utilization of resources device, it is characterized in that, this device has comprised sludge conditioning medicine system, mud rupture of membranes reactor, sludge dewatering equipment, sludge dryer, pyrolyzing sludge stove, biomass fuel heating system and 7 parts of flue gas purification system; Wherein the sludge conditioning medicine system is connected with the sludge conditioning reactor, in reactor, add the rupture of membranes agent by dosing pump, inorganic coagulant, sludge modification agent and organic polymer coagulating agent, the outlet of sludge conditioning reactor links to each other with the entrance of sludge dewatering equipment through the force (forcing) pump pipeline, the sludge cake that water ratio drops to below 60% after dehydration is transported to and the sludge dryer import, under 125-130 ℃ temperature, carry out drying so that water ratio drops to below 15%, the sludge-drying that sludge dryer is discharged is transported to the pyrolyzing sludge stove again, carries out pyrolysis under 300-400 ℃ temperature; The hot blast that the biomass fuel heating system produces divides two outlets, links to each other with the gas inlet of sludge dryer with the pyrolyzing sludge stove respectively by pipeline, and the ingress arranges valve regulated and distributes air quantity, guarantees the temperature in sludge dryer and the pyrolyzing sludge stove; The inflammable gas that pyrolysis oven produces is delivered to the biomass fuel stove by pipeline and is used for burning generation hot blast after collecting, the flue gas that produces in the sludge dryer is transported to flue gas purification system, after treatment discharging.
8. sludge deep as claimed in claim 7 is processed and utilization of resources device, it is characterized in that, also be provided with the buffering storage tank between sludge dryer and the pyrolyzing sludge stove, described sludge dewatering equipment is high pressure or normal pressure plate-and-frame filter press, sludge dryer is revolving drier, and the pyrolyzing sludge stove is external heat type rotary furnace.
9. sludge deep as claimed in claim 7 is processed and utilization of resources device, it is characterized in that, the entrance of described pyrolyzing sludge stove is installed the rotary feeding valve, so that reinforced and sealing alternate run, pyrolytic process carries out under the anaerobic that seals or anoxic condition, gaseous tension in the pyrolysis oven adopts automatic monitoring, and the inflammable gas that produces by the pump drainage pyrolysis keeps pressurized operation, makes the air pressure of pyrolysis oven inside greater than the normal atmosphere 40-60Pa of outside.
10. sludge deep as claimed in claim 8 is processed and utilization of resources device, it is characterized in that, described flue gas purification system comprises spray column, sack cleaner and chimney, wherein be provided with the atomizer of spray liquid in the spray column, be provided with the shower nozzle that sprays the charcoal powder in the flue between spray column and the sack cleaner, sack cleaner is provided with a transport pipe charcoal powder of tackling is back to mud buffering storage tank.
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