CN109052889B - Indirect heating movable industrial sludge continuous pyrolysis method and carbonization device - Google Patents
Indirect heating movable industrial sludge continuous pyrolysis method and carbonization device Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
Abstract
An indirect heating movable carbonization device for a continuous industrial sludge pyrolysis method comprises the following process flows: the method comprises the steps of conveying, water evaporation, medium temperature drying, high temperature carbonization, temperature and pressure adjustment, cooling treatment, oil gas condensation, oil recovery, waste gas treatment, waste gas emission online detection and PM particle online monitoring, and the moving sludge is continuously heated by an indirect stepped heating mode. The invention has the advantages that: the process technical equipment is a movable continuous pyrolysis carbonization furnace, can be directly driven to a site where industrial sludge is generated, integrates a dehydration, drying and continuous high-temperature pyrolysis process, and is a complete comprehensive solution for harmless treatment and resource utilization of industrial sludge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a safe and reliable harmless treatment method for organic and inorganic sludge containing heavy metal trace elements and radioactive elements in a mixed state of industrial sludge, oily sludge, acid-washing sludge, paper-making sludge, chemical sludge, aluminum industry red mud, radioactive biochemical sludge, rare earth tailings and the like, and realizes reutilization of inorganic substances and organic substances mixed in the sludge as resources on the basis, thereby providing a more stable and safe industrial sludge source harmless treatment method and a continuous carbonization device thereof.
Background
As is well known, pyrolysis of solid wastes is a process of thermal decomposition under oxygen-free or anoxic conditions using thermal instability of organic matter. In the pyrolysis process, the organic matters are chemically decomposed to obtain gaseous, liquid or solid combustible substances.
The most classical definition: jones (Stanford Research Institute, SRI) by Stanford Research Institute: "a process of producing a fuel (gas, liquid, or carbon black) by thermochemically decomposing a carbon-containing organic substance by indirect heating without introducing oxygen, steam, or heated carbon monoxide into a reactor". He thinks that the heat required for pyrolysis is directly provided by Partial combustion of the pyrolysis products, and this should be referred to as Partial-combustion or anoxic-combustion.
Pyrolysis is a traditional production process, is widely applied to processing and treating fuels such as wood, coal, heavy oil, oil shale and the like, and has a long history. In the early 70 s, pyrolysis was applied to municipal solid waste, which could not only obtain fuels and chemical products for storage and transportation, but also form hard and brittle inert solid products with some inorganic substances and heavy metal components in the materials under high temperature conditions, so that the subsequent landfill disposal operation could be carried out more safely and conveniently.
With the development of modern industry, pyrolysis treatment has become one of promising solid waste treatment methods. It can treat the organic solid wastes with certain energy in the industries of municipal refuse, sludge, waste plastics, waste rubber and the like, and agricultural and forestry wastes, radioactive wastes and the like.
The industrial sludge comprises sludge generated in petrochemical industry, coal chemical industry, printing and dyeing, smelting, metal processing industry, chemical manufacturing industry, paper making industry, non-ferrous metal mining, electronics, fur tanning and other processing and manufacturing and related industrial chain industrial wastewater treatment stations. The waste water produced in the production process contains toxic and harmful chemical components, and belongs to dangerous waste.
The conventional incineration treatment of hazardous waste such as industrial sludge is a common hazardous waste treatment method. Although incineration, which has long been regarded as a "mode of harmless treatment", decomposes hazardous wastes by high-temperature oxidation, new pollutants are generated while reducing the amount, and the generation of these pollutants is limited by various complicated factors including the nature of the wastes themselves, the incineration process, the incinerator, the reaction conditions, the control level, and the like. Although the incineration treatment technology can effectively reduce the amount of waste, the emission of carbon dioxide is increased, and in order to avoid new secondary pollution, the incineration of the waste needs to reduce tail end emission and update facilities, so that the treatment cost of the waste is greatly increased.
The indirect heating movable continuous pyrolysis carbonization furnace can be driven to the site where industrial sludge is generated, and integrates dehydration, drying and continuous high-temperature pyrolysis into a whole, and equipment thereof can effectively realize harmless treatment of industrial sludge sources. Breaks through the bottleneck in the technical field and the policy control aspects at present. Realizes the high-efficiency recycling of resources while realizing the harmless treatment and disposal of industrial sludge sources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an indirectly heated movable continuous pyrolysis carbonization furnace, which can be driven to the site where industrial sludge is generated and integrates dehydration, drying and continuous high-temperature pyrolysis into a whole
The invention also aims to provide a movable continuous pyrolysis carbonization furnace which can be driven to a site where industrial sludge is generated, integrates dehydration, drying and continuous high-temperature pyrolysis into a whole system device, and completely solves the safe and reliable harmless treatment of the industrial sludge, oily sludge, acid-washing sludge, paper-making sludge, chemical sludge, aluminum industry red mud, radioactive biochemical sludge, rare earth tailings and the like under the condition that heavy metal trace elements and radioactive elements are mixed in the organic sludge and the inorganic sludge.
And on the basis, the inorganic matters and the organic matters mixed in the sludge are reused as resources, so that a more stable and safer industrial sludge source harmless treatment method and a continuous carbonization device thereof can be provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an indirect heating movable industrial sludge continuous pyrolysis method is characterized in that the process flow of the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of conveying, water evaporation, medium temperature drying, high temperature carbonization, temperature and pressure adjustment, cooling treatment, oil gas condensation, oil recovery, waste gas treatment, waste gas emission online detection and PM particle online monitoring, and the moving sludge is continuously heated by an indirect stepped heating mode.
The temperature of the water evaporation step is 80-200 ℃; the temperature of the moderate temperature drying step is 210-400 ℃, the temperature of the carbonization step is 410-700 ℃, and the temperature of the cooling treatment step is lower than 200 ℃.
The conveying step comprises: conveying various complex substance industrial or chemical sludge to the next step through a mechanical conveying device;
the water evaporation step: continuously evaporating and removing the water of the moving sludge by using the residual heat after drying the sludge in the next step;
the medium temperature drying step: carrying out continuous drying on the sludge in the advancing movement by using the waste heat after the sludge is subjected to thermal decomposition in the next step;
the high-temperature carbonization step: by utilizing an indirect heating method, the heating energy can be electric energy, gas and fuel oil, but not limited to the heat energy of the energy, and the heat energy is used for carrying out continuous heat conduction on the sludge in the advancing movement by taking a sludge conveying device as a heat-conducting medium, and carrying out thermal decomposition treatment on high-melting-point high-molecular compounds mixed in the sludge to obtain carbon materials;
the cooling treatment step comprises: gradually cooling the carbon in the advancing movement;
the temperature and pressure adjusting step: carrying out continuous heat conduction on the sludge in the moving process, carrying out online monitoring on the temperature in the thermal decomposition process, adjusting the temperature and the pressure in the pyrolysis cavity in real time, and keeping the anaerobic state in the pyrolysis cavity by injecting nitrogen;
the waste gas treatment step: utilize the induction type electrical heating filter that can use repeatedly as exhaust treatment device to handle the gas that the moderate temperature mummification step was discharged, the processing mode includes:
mode 1: when being used for petrochemical sludge, coal chemical industry mud etc. to handle, set up the induction type electrical heating filter that can use repeatedly as: starting the operation state, and instantly burning the unburned complex easy-coking particulate matters to be more than 650 ℃ from a channel at the temperature lower than 100 ℃ by using an induction type, microwave, high-frequency wave, medium-frequency wave and high-frequency wave, but not limited to the induction type fluid or gas passing type heating means by the filter;
mode 2: when the induction type electric heating filter is used for treating metal surface treatment acid pickling sludge, paper making sludge and the like, because the discharged gas components are relatively pure, the induction type electric heating filter which can be repeatedly used is set as follows: a power-off quiescent state; after filters are blocked by unburned ash, particles and the like in a periodic manner, the cleaned filters are replaced when the filters need to be cleaned through online monitoring of gas pressure, and the cleaning method comprises the following steps: electrifying the filter, heating from the temperature lower than 100 ℃ to the temperature higher than 650 ℃, and burning and removing unburned coke;
when the reusable induction type electric heating filter is used, an online dust monitor is arranged at the tail end to ensure that the emission reaches the standard;
the oil gas condensation step: condensing the oil-containing oil gas in the gas-liquid recovery step to recover oil, and returning the condensed gas to the waste gas treatment step to carry out final treatment by using a reusable induction type electric heating filter;
the waste gas alkali washing step comprises: and in the process of continuously removing the moisture of the sludge in the advancing movement by using the waste heat generated after the sludge is dried by the medium-temperature zone, performing alkali cleaning purification on the organic volatile gas carried in the water vapor in the moisture evaporation step, and then discharging the organic volatile gas after reaching the standard.
The online detection step comprises:
(1) and providing on-line detection data for real-time monitoring, early warning and management of the GPS satellite positioning to the moving target.
(2) And providing the online detection data of the GPS satellite positioning environmental pollution monitoring and early warning remote video monitoring.
And the temperature and pressure adjusting step is used for carrying out continuous heat conduction on the sludge in the advancing movement, carrying out online monitoring on the temperature in the thermal decomposition process and adjusting the temperature and the pressure in the pyrolysis cavity in real time.
The carbonization device for implementing the indirect heating movable type industrial sludge continuous pyrolysis method is characterized by comprising an indirect heating movable type continuous pyrolysis carbonization furnace, can be driven to a site where industrial sludge is generated, integrates the process treatment functions of dehydration, drying and continuous high-temperature pyrolysis, and comprises the following devices:
a conveying device: conveying various complex substances of industrial or chemical sludge through a mechanical conveying device; the conveying device can be scraper conveying, paddle conveying, single-screw conveying and double-screw conveying but is not limited to the conveying in the mechanical conveying mode;
a water evaporation device: continuously removing the moisture of the sludge in the advancing movement by using the residual heat of the dried sludge in the medium-temperature area;
a medium-temperature drying device: carrying out continuous drying on the sludge in the advancing movement by utilizing the waste heat after the sludge is subjected to thermal decomposition by the high-temperature zone;
a carbonization device: by utilizing an indirect heating method, the heating energy can be electric energy, gas and fuel oil, but not limited to the heat energy of the energy, and the heat energy is used for carrying out continuous heat conduction on the sludge in the advancing movement by taking a sludge conveying device as a heat-conducting medium, and carrying out thermal decomposition treatment on high-melting-point high-molecular compounds mixed in the sludge to obtain carbon materials;
an exhaust gas treatment device: the induction type electric heating filter which can be used repeatedly is adopted;
a cooling treatment device: cooling the carbon material obtained by pyrolysis of the high-temperature carbonization device; the risk that the carbon material is burnt due to the fact that the temperature of the carbon material is too high and meets air is avoided;
an oil gas condenser: condensing oil-containing oil gas in the gas-liquid recovery device to recover oil, and sending the condensed gas back to the waste gas treatment device to be finally treated by using a reusable induction type electric heating filter;
an exhaust gas alkali washing device: in the process of continuously removing the moisture of the sludge in the advancing motion by using the waste heat generated after the sludge is dried by the medium-temperature drying device, the organic volatile gas carried in the water vapor in the moisture evaporation step is subjected to alkali cleaning and purification and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
The invention has the advantages that: the process technical equipment is a movable continuous pyrolysis carbonization furnace, can be directly driven to a site where industrial sludge is generated, integrates a dehydration, drying and continuous high-temperature pyrolysis process, and is a complete comprehensive solution for harmless treatment and resource utilization of industrial sludge.
The invention can integrate the dehydration, the drying and the continuous high-temperature pyrolysis of the industrial sludge into a whole, and carry out safe and reliable harmless treatment on the organic and inorganic sludge which is the industrial sludge, the oily sludge, the acid-washing sludge, the paper-making sludge, the chemical sludge, the aluminum red mud, the radioactive biochemical sludge, the rare earth tailings and the like and is mixed with heavy metal trace elements and radioactive elements, and the treated carbon material can be recycled after being sorted; compared with the prior incineration method, the sludge generated every day can be treated in time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a sludge path, 2, a high-temperature flue gas path, 3, a low-temperature fuel gas path 4, a cooling water circulation path, 5, a nitrogen adding path, 7, a gas-liquid recovery path, 8, a steam path, 10, a sludge inlet, 11, a flue gas outlet of B1, 12, a steam outlet of B1, 13, a sludge outlet of B1, 14, a flue gas inlet of B1, a sludge inlet of 15, B2, a main heat source outlet of 16, B2, 17, a steam outlet of B2, a main heat source inlet of 18, B2, 19, a sludge outlet of B2, a sludge inlet of 20, B3, a steam outlet of 21, B3, a sludge outlet of 22, B3, 23 and 24, a sludge inlet and a sludge outlet of a cooling treatment device, a main heat source outlet of 25, B3, A, a sludge conveying device, B, a combustor (main heat source), C, a cooling treatment device, D, a generator set, E, a waste gas treatment device, G, a condenser, H. the system comprises an exhaust gas alkali washing device, an I online monitoring device, a J condensed liquid storage tank; K. the system comprises a wastewater treatment device, an L cooling water circulation device, an M heat value compensation burner (a supplementary heat source), an N nitrogen making machine, a P pressure gauge, a Q oxygen sensor, a T temperature sensor, a W sludge metering device, a B1 moisture evaporation device, a B2 medium temperature drying device, a B3 high temperature carbonization device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated and described with reference to specific embodiments, the advantages and features of which will become apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The system composition and process flow of the present invention are shown in fig. 1 and 2, wherein:
an indirectly heated movable continuous pyrolysis carbonization furnace can be driven to a site where industrial sludge is generated, and a process integrating dehydration, drying and continuous high-temperature pyrolysis effectively solves the problem that the conventional continuous carbonization and pyrolysis equipment is too large in size and cannot enter the site where the industrial sludge is generated. As disclosed in patent nos.: 201210126763.1 method for removing radioactivity of radioactive waste and its device system[4]。
The water evaporation device B1, the medium-temperature drying device B2 and the high-temperature carbonization device B3 are installed on the same frame, the structure of the water evaporation device B1 is basically the same as that of the medium-temperature drying device B2, the water evaporation device B1 comprises a rotary drum which is arranged in the horizontal direction (or slightly inclined), and the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum is provided with helical blades for driving sludge to move along the axial direction. An interlayer (a path passed by the main heat source path 2) is arranged at the outer side of the moisture evaporation device B1 and the medium temperature drying device B2, and the interior (central hole) of the roller is heated by various heat sources such as fuel gas, fuel oil or induction type electric heating generated by a heat value compensation burner M. The high-temperature carbonization device B3 has no interlayer, the main heat source passes through the central hole of the roller, and the left end of the high-temperature carbonization device B3 is provided with a burner B which is a main heat source; and a heat value compensation burner M is arranged at the right end of the medium-temperature drying device B2 and used as a supplementary heat source, and the heat value compensation burner M is started when the burner B cannot meet the enthalpy required by the system. The main heat source generated by the burner B passes through the central hole of the roller of the high-temperature carbonization device B3, is output from the outlet 25, enters the main heat source inlet 18 of the medium-temperature drying device B2, passes through the heating interlayer of the medium-temperature drying device B2, enters the interlayer of the moisture evaporation device B1 from the outlet 16 and the inlet 14 of the B1, and is discharged from the smoke outlet 11 of the B1. Because the energy consumption required by the moisture evaporation device B1 and the moderate temperature drying device B2 is high, in order to increase the heating area, the inside and outside bidirectional heating is adopted.
When the invention works, industrial sludge is conveyed by the sludge conveying device A and metered by the sludge metering device W, and then enters the moisture evaporation device B1 from the sludge inlet 10 to evaporate moisture, wherein the evaporation temperature is 80-210 ℃; the used heat energy is the residual heat (entering into the sludge outlet 13 at the lower end of the water evaporation device B1 from the sludge inlet 15 at the top end of the medium-temperature drying device B2) after the sludge is dried by the medium-temperature drying device B2 (medium-temperature zone) to continuously remove the water in the sludge in the water evaporation device B1 during the movement.
Then drying the sludge by a medium-temperature drying device B2, wherein the medium-temperature drying temperature is 210-400 ℃; the used heat energy is the continuous drying step of the sludge in the middle-temperature drying device B2 during the movement of the sludge in the middle-temperature drying device B2 by utilizing the residual heat after the sludge is thermally decomposed by the high-temperature carbonization device B3 (high-temperature area) (the heat energy enters into the heat energy inlet 18 at the lower end of the middle-temperature drying device B2 from the heat energy outlet 25 at the right end of the high-temperature carbonization device B3). The dried sludge enters a sludge inlet 20 of a high-temperature carbonization device B3 from a sludge outlet 19 on the right side of the lower end of the moderate-temperature drying device B2 for high-temperature carbonization treatment.
The circulating cooling device C in fig. 2 cools the carbon material pyrolyzed by the high-temperature carbonizing device B3 to avoid the risk of burning the carbon material due to the high temperature of the carbon material. The cooling path 4 is connected to a water tank via a cooling water pump L, and introduces an external water source as cooling water.
The steam discharged from the two steam outlets 17 on the medium temperature drying device B2 is connected with an oil gas condenser G along a gas-liquid recovery path 7, and the liquefied substance and the gas are separated and recovered; the oil gas condenser G condenses the oil gas containing oil in the gas-liquid to recover the oil, and the condensed gas is returned to the exhaust gas treatment device E and finally disposed by using a reusable induction type electric heating filter (i.e., returned to the exhaust gas treatment device E). The gas-liquid treatment does not influence the continuous movement of the sludge in the process of moving, and the dried sludge is subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis in a high-temperature pyrolysis device B3, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature pyrolysis is 410-700 ℃; the thermal decomposition gas generated in the high-temperature pyrolysis device B3 is discharged from a thermal energy outlet 25 at the right end of the high-temperature pyrolysis device B3, and is connected with a thermal energy inlet 18 at the lower end of an upper medium-temperature drying device B2 along a high-temperature flue gas path 2 for waste heat step utilization.
In the above-mentioned stepwise thermal energy utilization method, in order to achieve uniform heating of the industrial sludge and to ensure uniformity in heating and thermal decomposition time, the design point of the water evaporation apparatus B1 is that, while the water in the industrial sludge is removed, reasonable distribution of thermal efficiency, control of evaporation water temperature, and online processing of volatile organic compounds VOCs carried in the evaporation gas must be considered.
For example, the heat energy for the water evaporation device B1 to heat the sludge in a stepwise manner is the waste heat from the high-temperature pyrolysis device B3 and the medium-temperature drying device B2. In the case of the moisture evaporator B1, the sludge is heated between 80 ℃ and 210 ℃, so that the moisture in the industrial sludge can be removed; the lower temperature limit for heating is set at 80 c and this critical temperature is exactly the lowest temperature at which alcohol, if any, will start to evaporate in the sludge. The upper limit temperature is set at 210 ℃ in consideration of the initial temperature of thermal decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs volatile organic compounds refer to organic compounds with saturated vapor pressure higher than 70.91Pa at room temperature and boiling point lower than 260 ℃ at normal temperature) mixed therein, which is just lower than the thermal boiling point temperature of the volatile organic compounds. Therefore, when sludge with high organic content is treated (such as petrochemical sludge, coal chemical sludge and the like), the steam needs to be subjected to alkaline washing type Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) removal.
In the high-temperature pyrolysis apparatus B3, the following problems are sufficiently considered in terms of design: the technical equipment is characterized in that the industrial sludge is separated and vaporized by carrying out thermal decomposition treatment on the high molecular compounds such as volatile organic compounds mixed in the industrial sludge through nitrogen, and the technical equipment is designed in such a way that carbon materials are produced by carrying out thermal decomposition treatment on the high molecular compounds through nitrogen in view of various organic substances or radioactive substances mixed in the industrial sludge; basic principle of radioisotope radioactivity removal: among the radioactive elements, cesium is the most active in alkali metals and can react violently with oxygen to generate various cesium oxides. In humid air, the heat of oxidation is sufficient to melt and burn the cesium. Cesium does not react with nitrogen but can combine with hydrogen at high temperatures to form a fairly stable hydride. Cesium reacts violently with water and if placed in a water tank containing water, it can explode. Even with ice at temperatures as low as-116 c, the violent reaction can occur to produce hydrogen gas, cesium hydroxide, which is the most basic of the non-radioactive alkali hydroxides. With halogens, stable halides can also be formed, due to the large ionic radius. The cesium and the organic substance react similarly to other alkali metals, but are relatively active[6]。
The design key point of the high-temperature thermal decomposition step is that radioactive substances, such as cesium, iodine, radon, tritium and the like, are subjected to vaporization treatment at a high temperature to remove radioactivity; the above material cooling step is designed to minimize the volume of the carbon material by solidifying the carbon material in a radioactive manner in the carbon material manufactured in an oxygen-free state. China and Nuclear group, national defense departmentThe institute of Industrial science and technology has made extensive and intensive research and practice on the treatment of radioactive solid waste[7]。
In the pyrolysis apparatus B3, industrial sludge is heated at 410 to 700 ℃ to separate the industrial sludge from which high molecular compounds are removed into carbon and other components. The lower heating temperature is 410 ℃ because the separation of components of inorganic substances other than organic substances in the industrial sludge starts to occur once the temperature is reached, and the upper heating temperature is set to 700 ℃ in consideration of the following: the temperature (boiling point) at which the radioactive cesium is vaporized is 671 ℃, and if any residual moisture is present, even if chloride components such as sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) remain therein, the components are not decomposed at 700 ℃. In the relevant process before the pyrolysis step B3, the industrial sludge is only composed of inorganic matters and carbon materials, and as long as no oxygen exists in the pyrolysis cavity in which the carbon materials are located, the boiling point of the metal substances is above 1000 ℃, and the boiling point of the carbon materials is above 3000 ℃; the conditions we set must be able to maintain the relevant properties of the various substances, whereas the vaporization temperature of cesium alone is 671 deg.c, so we set the heating temperature to 700 deg.c.
The temperature and pressure regulation of the invention is that the oxygen content in the cavity in the pyrolysis step is detected by an oxygen sensor Q, the temperature in the cavity is detected by a temperature sensor T (B1-B3), and the nitrogen produced by a nitrogen generator N is injected into the thermally decomposed cavity, so that the inside of the pyrolysis cavity is always kept in an oxygen-free atmosphere and a safe temperature interval. When the conveying device A reaching the high temperature of 700 ℃ in the high-temperature evaporation device and the carbon material are conveyed to the cooling chamber, residual thermal decomposition gas in the cavity of the material cooling device will be heated up violently, and a temperature and pressure adjusting device is arranged for preventing the adverse phenomena of violent thermal expansion, violent change of air pressure in the cavity and the like; moreover, the material cooling device has the temperature requirement of being lower than 50 ℃ for the high-temperature carbon material, can completely avoid oxidation reaction and reduction reaction, and ensures the cooling function through the circulating operation of the internal coolant. In addition, the temperature in the pyrolysis cavity heated in a stepped mode by the sludge is monitored by a temperature sensor, and the temperature is adjusted by utilizing a mode of starting and stopping the combustor in an electrified mode.
More specific aspects of the invention are as follows: in the continuous heating and water evaporation device for sludge in moving by indirect heating, inlets and outlets of the medium-temperature drying device and the high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization device, and rotating and static joints of all inlet and outlet ends are necessarily prepared by casting materials with small thermal expansion rate (the casting materials can be cast iron, cast steel, graphite, ceramics and the like), but are not limited to the materials, so that the sealing level in each pyrolysis cavity is improved, and the pressing surface of the casting materials needs to be precisely ground by a mechanical processing method.
Regarding the explosion-proof performance of the medium-temperature drying device B2 and the high-temperature pyrolysis device B3, nitrogen extracted from air is automatically controlled in a nitrogen generating set which is a matching device of a movable vehicle-mounted carbonization system, then the nitrogen is injected into each heating cavity, and the oxygen content data of the nitrogen replaced by air is detected as the basis for starting or stopping the whole system, so that the safe operation of the system is ensured.
As for the emission of the waste gas of the whole system, the environment pollution monitoring and early warning wireless remote monitoring on-line detection data terminal can be positioned by a GPS satellite, and real and reliable on-line implementation detection data can be provided for a monitoring system formulated by a local ecological environment management department so as to ensure that the waste gas reaches the standard and is emitted.
Claims (2)
1. An indirect heating movable industrial sludge continuous pyrolysis method is characterized in that the process flow of the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of conveying, evaporating water, drying at medium temperature, carbonizing at high temperature, adjusting temperature and pressure, cooling, condensing oil gas, recovering oil, treating waste gas, detecting waste gas emission on line and monitoring PM particles on line, wherein the moving sludge is continuously heated in an indirect stepped heating mode;
the conveying step comprises: conveying various industrial or chemical sludges to the next step through a mechanical conveying device;
the water evaporation step: continuously evaporating and removing the water of the moving sludge by using the residual heat after drying the sludge in the next step; the temperature of the water evaporation step is 80-200 ℃;
the medium temperature drying step: continuously drying the sludge in the advancing motion by utilizing the waste heat generated after the sludge is thermally decomposed in the next step; the temperature of the moderate temperature drying step is 210-400 ℃;
the high-temperature carbonization step: by utilizing an indirect heating method, the sludge in the advancing movement is subjected to continuous heat conduction through a sludge conveying device, and heating energy comprises heat energy of electric energy, fuel gas and fuel oil; and thermally decomposing the high-melting-point high-molecular compound mixed in the sludge to obtain a carbon material; the temperature of the high-temperature carbonization step is 410-700 ℃;
the cooling treatment step comprises: gradually cooling the carbon in the advancing movement; the temperature of the cooling treatment step is lower than 200 ℃;
the temperature and pressure adjusting step: carrying out continuous heat conduction on the sludge in the moving process and carrying out online monitoring on the temperature in the thermal decomposition process, adjusting the temperature and the pressure in the pyrolysis cavity in real time, and keeping the anaerobic state in the pyrolysis cavity by injecting nitrogen;
the waste gas treatment step: utilize the induction type electrical heating filter that can use repeatedly as exhaust treatment device to handle the gas that the moderate temperature mummification step was discharged, the processing mode includes:
mode 1: when being used for petrochemical sludge, coal chemical industry mud's processing, the induction type electrical heating filter that can use repeatedly sets up to: starting the operation state, and instantly burning the unburned complex easy-coking particulate matters to above 650 ℃ from below 100 ℃ by using induction type, microwave, high-frequency wave, medium-frequency wave and high-frequency wave, but not limited to the induction type fluid or gas passing type heating means by the filter;
mode 2: when the induction type electric heating filter is used for treating acid washing sludge and paper making sludge on the metal surface, because the discharged gas components are relatively pure, the induction type electric heating filter which can be repeatedly used is set as follows: a power-off quiescent state; after the filter is blocked by unburned ash and particles, the cleaned filter is replaced, and the blocking condition of the filter is obtained by monitoring the gas pressure on line; the cleaning method of the filter comprises the following steps: electrifying the filter, heating from the temperature lower than 100 ℃ to the temperature higher than 650 ℃, and burning and removing unburned coke;
when the reusable induction type electric heating filter is used, an online dust monitor is arranged at the tail end to ensure that the emission reaches the standard;
the oil gas condensation step: condensing the oil-containing oil gas in the medium-temperature drying step and the high-temperature carbonization step for oil recovery, and sending the condensed gas back to the waste gas treatment step for final disposal by using a reusable induction type electric heating filter;
the waste gas alkali washing step comprises: and in the process of continuously removing the moisture of the sludge in the advancing movement by using the waste heat generated after the sludge is dried by the medium-temperature zone, performing alkali cleaning purification on the organic volatile gas carried in the water vapor in the moisture evaporation step, and then discharging the organic volatile gas after reaching the standard.
2. A carbonization device for implementing the indirect heating movable industrial sludge continuous pyrolysis method of claim 1, which can be moved to the industrial sludge production site and has the process treatment functions of dehydration, drying and continuous high-temperature pyrolysis, and comprises the following devices:
a conveying device: conveying various industrial or chemical sludges through a mechanical conveying device; the conveying device adopts a scraper conveying device, a paddle conveying device, a single-screw conveying device or a double-screw conveying device, but is not limited to the conveying devices;
a water evaporation device: continuously removing the moisture of the sludge in the advancing movement by using the residual heat of the dried sludge in the medium-temperature area;
a medium-temperature drying device: carrying out continuous drying on the sludge in the advancing movement by utilizing the waste heat after the sludge is subjected to thermal decomposition by the high-temperature zone;
high-temperature carbonization device: by utilizing an indirect heating method, the sludge in the advancing movement is subjected to continuous heat conduction through a sludge conveying device, and heating energy comprises heat energy of electric energy, fuel gas and fuel oil; and thermally decomposing the high-melting-point high-molecular compound mixed in the sludge to obtain a carbon material;
an exhaust gas treatment device: the induction type electric heating filter which can be used repeatedly is adopted;
a cooling treatment device: cooling the carbon material obtained by pyrolysis of the high-temperature carbonization device; the risk that the carbon material is burnt due to the fact that the temperature of the carbon material is too high and meets air is avoided;
an oil gas condenser: condensing oil-containing oil gas in the medium-temperature drying device and the high-temperature carbonization device for oil recovery, and sending the condensed gas back to the waste gas treatment device for final disposal by using a reusable induction type electric heating filter;
an exhaust gas alkali washing device: in the process of continuously removing the moisture of the sludge in the advancing motion by using the waste heat generated after the sludge is dried by the medium-temperature drying device, performing alkali cleaning purification on the organic volatile gas carried in the water vapor in the moisture evaporation step, and then discharging the organic volatile gas after reaching the standard;
the water evaporation device, the medium-temperature drying device and the high-temperature carbonization device are arranged on the same frame, the water evaporation device and the medium-temperature drying device are identical in structure and comprise a rotary drum which is arranged in the horizontal direction or slightly inclined and can rotate, and spiral blades are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum and used for driving sludge to move along the axial direction.
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| CN110217970A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-09-10 | 上海亿景能源科技有限公司 | Oily sludge desiccation gasification installation |
| CN110415854B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2022-07-08 | 江苏中海华核环保有限公司 | Method for reducing decomposition and volatilization of radioactive waste based on inert gas |
| CN110759627A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-07 | 山东金孚环境工程有限公司 | Sludge indirect heat exchange evaporation dehydration coupling pyrolysis carbonization method and system |
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