CN111468504A - Solid waste treatment apparatus and solid waste treatment method - Google Patents
Solid waste treatment apparatus and solid waste treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111468504A CN111468504A CN202010233954.2A CN202010233954A CN111468504A CN 111468504 A CN111468504 A CN 111468504A CN 202010233954 A CN202010233954 A CN 202010233954A CN 111468504 A CN111468504 A CN 111468504A
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-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solid waste treatment device and a solid waste treatment method, wherein the treatment device comprises: the mixing device is used for uniformly mixing the solid waste and the slagging agent according to a set proportion to obtain a mixture; the feeding device is used for continuously uniformly and uniformly blanking the mixed material to the plasma melting device; the plasma melting device is used for carrying out transfer type direct current plasma high-temperature melting treatment on the mixture so as to crack and recombine the mixture, and obtain molten glass liquid, molten alloy metal liquid and plasma furnace tail gas; the tail gas treatment device is used for continuously collecting and purifying the tail gas of the plasma furnace into clean tail gas; a glassy product collection device for continuously collecting and cooling molten glass to obtain a plurality of glass products; and the crude alloy collecting device is used for periodically collecting and cooling the alloy molten metal to obtain corresponding alloy metal. Solves the problems of high cost, large occupied area, high potential safety hazard, secondary pollution and long treatment period of the prior treatment technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a solid waste treatment device and a solid waste treatment method.
Background
With the increasing severity of environmental pollution, the hazardous solid wastes have wide sources and a wide variety, and have the characteristics of toxicity, corrosivity, inflammability, reactivity, direct combustion and release of toxic substances and the like. Carcinogenic gases such as dioxin and the like are easily generated by using the traditional incineration treatment process, so that the atmospheric pollution is caused, and the human health is threatened. Meanwhile, elements such as heavy metals and halogens contained in the hazardous solid waste exceed the bearable range of the traditional incineration process, so that the hazardous solid waste treated by the traditional incineration process cannot meet increasingly severe environmental protection requirements and is harmful to health and safety. The landfill treatment technology has high cost, large occupied area and extremely low treatment efficiency, and the released toxicity is easy to exceed the standard to cause serious secondary pollution of land resources and underground water resources and long-term damage to the environment.
In summary, the existing treatment technology of dangerous solid wastes has the problems of high cost, large occupied area, high potential safety hazard, secondary pollution, long treatment period and the like. Therefore, a system and a method for harmless treatment of hazardous solid waste are needed to achieve the purpose of harmless and resource utilization of hazardous solid waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a solid waste treatment device and a solid waste treatment method aiming at the problems in the prior art, and solves the problems of high cost, large occupied area, high potential safety hazard, secondary pollution and long treatment period in the prior treatment technology.
According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a solid waste treatment apparatus comprising: the device comprises a mixing device, a feeding device, a plasma melting device, a tail gas treatment device, a glassy product collecting device and a crude alloy collecting device;
the mixing device is used for uniformly mixing the solid waste and the slagging constituent according to a set proportion to obtain a mixture;
the feeding device is respectively connected with the mixing device and the plasma melting device and is used for continuously uniformly and uniformly blanking the mixture to the plasma melting device;
the plasma melting device is used for carrying out transfer type direct current plasma high-temperature melting treatment on the mixture to crack and recombine the mixture to obtain molten glass liquid, molten alloy metal liquid and plasma furnace tail gas;
the tail gas treatment device is connected with the tail gas output end of the plasma melting device and is used for continuously collecting and purifying the tail gas of the plasma furnace into clean tail gas;
the glassy state product collecting device is connected with a glass liquid output end of the plasma melting device and is used for continuously collecting and cooling the glass liquid to obtain a plurality of glass products;
the coarse alloy collecting device is connected with an alloy metal liquid output end of the plasma melting device and used for periodically collecting and cooling the alloy metal liquid to obtain corresponding alloy metal.
Optionally, the plasma melting apparatus comprises: a plasma melting furnace, a first hollow graphite electrode, a second hollow graphite electrode,
the first hollow graphite electrode is used as a negative electrode and located at the top of the plasma melting furnace, the second hollow graphite electrode is used as a positive electrode and located at the bottom of the plasma melting furnace, plasma process gas enters the plasma melting furnace through the hollow structure of the first hollow graphite electrode, and the plasma process gas is ionized to generate high-temperature plasma when voltage is applied to the two ends of the first hollow graphite electrode and the second hollow graphite electrode.
Optionally, the plasma melting apparatus further comprises: a feed inlet and an electrically conductive refractory material,
the feed inlet, the tail gas output end, the molten glass output end and the alloy molten metal output end are positioned on the side wall of the plasma melting furnace,
the conductive refractory material is positioned at the bottom in the plasma melting furnace, and the plasma melting furnace adopts a water cooling system to cool the conductive refractory material so as to reduce the erosion of the molten glass and the plasma to the plasma melting furnace.
Optionally, the exhaust gas treatment device comprises: a combustion chamber, a quench tower, a bag filter, a washing tower and a draught fan,
after the tail gas of the plasma furnace is treated by the combustion chamber, the quench tower, the bag filter and the washing tower in turn, the tail gas of the plasma furnace is purified into clean tail gas,
and after the tail gas continuous monitoring system tests to be qualified, the induced draft fan discharges the clean tail gas into the atmosphere.
Optionally, the bag filter is used for removing secondary fly ash, and the washing tower stores an alkaline solution to absorb acid gas in the tail gas of the plasma furnace.
Optionally, the plasma furnace tail gas is in high temperature burning in the combustion chamber, after the quench tower cooling, will plasma furnace tail gas is sent into adsorption equipment to absorb plasma furnace tail gas is in the dioxin that high temperature burning in-process produced in the combustion chamber.
Optionally, the mixture further comprises: a reducing agent,
determining the types and the amounts of the slag former and the reducing agent according to the chemical components of the solid waste.
Optionally, the solid waste comprises: organic matter, inorganic matter and inactive metal,
and decomposing the organic matter into the tail gas of the plasma furnace by using the slagging agent and the reducing agent through the high-temperature plasma, melting and vitrifying the inorganic matter into the molten glass, and reducing the inactive metal into a metal simple substance.
Optionally, the plasma high-temperature melting processing temperature of the plasma melting device comprises: 5000 to 10000 degrees centigrade, the process temperature of the combustion chamber comprises: 1100 ℃, and cooling the tail gas of the plasma furnace to 180-200 ℃ by the quenching tower.
Optionally, the solid waste treatment apparatus further comprises:
and the waste heat boiler is positioned between the combustion chamber and the quenching tower and is used for producing steam by using the waste heat of the tail gas of the plasma furnace.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solid waste treatment method comprising:
uniformly mixing the solid waste and the slagging agent according to a set proportion to obtain a mixture;
continuously uniformly and uniformly distributing and blanking the mixture to a plasma melting device, and carrying out transfer type direct current plasma high-temperature melting treatment on the mixture to crack and recombine the mixture to obtain molten glass liquid, molten alloy metal liquid and plasma furnace tail gas;
and continuously collecting and purifying the tail gas of the plasma furnace into clean tail gas, continuously collecting and cooling the molten glass to obtain various glass products, and periodically collecting and cooling the alloy molten metal to obtain corresponding alloy metal.
Optionally, the solid waste treatment process comprises:
after the tail gas of the plasma furnace is treated by the combustion chamber, the quench tower, the bag filter and the washing tower in turn, the tail gas of the plasma furnace is purified into clean tail gas,
and after the tail gas continuous monitoring system tests to be qualified, the induced draft fan discharges the clean tail gas into the atmosphere.
According to the solid waste treatment device and the solid waste treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the plasma melting device carries out transfer type direct current plasma high-temperature melting treatment on the mixture to crack and recombine the mixture to obtain molten glass, molten alloy metal and plasma furnace tail gas, the tail gas treatment device continuously collects and purifies the plasma furnace tail gas into clean tail gas, the glassy product collection device continuously collects and cools the glass to obtain various glass products, the crude alloy collection device periodically collects and cools the alloy metal to obtain corresponding alloy metal, the harmless treatment of dangerous solid waste is realized, resources are recovered, and the device and the method have good economic benefit, social benefit and environmental protection benefit.
In addition, the solid waste treatment device and the solid waste treatment method in the embodiment of the invention are used for treating the solid waste, the automation degree is high, the operation is flexible (the furnace opening and the furnace blowing are easy to operate), the labor intensity of workers is low, the noise is low, the working environment is friendly, and the treatment period is short; the traditional incineration treatment process and landfill technology are not needed, the occupied area is saved, the maintenance cost is low, and secondary pollution to land resources and underground water resources is avoided.
Drawings
The above and other object features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a solid waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a solid waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a plasma melting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of a solid waste treatment method of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like components are denoted by like reference numerals throughout the various figures. For purposes of clarity, the various features in the drawings are not necessarily to scale. In addition, certain well known components may not be shown.
Numerous specific details of the invention are set forth in the following description in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a solid waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a solid waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the solid waste treatment apparatus in the embodiment of the present invention includes: a mixing device 110, a feeding device 120, a plasma melting device 130, a tail gas treatment device 140, a glassy product collection device 150 and a crude alloy collection device 160.
And the mixing device 110 is used for uniformly mixing the solid waste and the slagging agent according to a set proportion to obtain a mixture. In some embodiments, the mix further comprises: a reducing agent. The mixing device 110 is also used for uniformly mixing the solid waste, the slagging agent and the reducing agent according to a set proportion to obtain a mixture. It should be noted that the types and amounts of the slag former and the reducing agent are determined according to the chemical composition of the solid waste. After analyzing the chemical components of the solid waste and determining the types and the usage amounts of the slag former and the reducing agent, aiming at forming glass melt with low melting point and low viscosity, considering the usage amounts and the unit prices of the slag former and the reducing agent, uniformly mixing the solid waste (i.e. ash slag and the like), the slag former and the reducing agent according to a set proportion to form a mixture, and continuously feeding the mixture into the plasma melting device 130 at a constant speed through conveying equipment such as a belt pulley and the like; the residual hazardous solid waste and the like are generally mixed uniformly in a weight ratio of 70 to 85% of the residual hazardous solid waste and about 10% of sand (if necessary). It should be noted that the solid waste treatment device in the embodiment of the present invention can dispose of various hazardous solid wastes, and has no requirement on the calorific value of the hazardous solid wastes. Is particularly suitable for disposing the dangerous solid waste with lower heat value and containing heavy metal (such as electroplating sludge, dangerous solid waste incineration bottom slag) or precious metal (such as waste catalyst).
The solid waste treatment device in the embodiment of the invention can treat 16489 tons of electric arc furnace dust and argon oxygen decarburization furnace dust one year, also can treat 3556 tons of steel rolling sheet, and treats 20045 tons of solid waste one year in total. The slag former used is, for example, lime, the proportion of lime to dust being 3 to 6 kg per ton of dust. The reducing agent used is, for example, coke, the coke to dust ratio being about 185 kg coke per ton dust.
And the feeding device 120 is respectively connected with the mixing device 110 and the plasma melting device 130 and is used for continuously uniformly and uniformly blanking the mixed materials to the plasma melting device 130.
And the plasma melting device 130 is used for carrying out transfer type direct current plasma high-temperature melting treatment on the mixture so as to crack and recombine the mixture, and obtain molten glass liquid, molten alloy metal liquid and plasma furnace tail gas. The solid waste includes: organic, inorganic and inert metals. Decomposing organic matters into plasma furnace tail gas by using a slagging agent and a reducing agent and high-temperature plasma, melting and vitrifying the inorganic matters into glass liquid, and reducing the inactive metal into a metal simple substance. It should be noted that the plasma melting device 130 can effectively eliminate macromolecular halogen-containing organic substances (such as polychlorinated biphenyl) in the hazardous solid waste, and becomes an effective supplement for the hazardous solid waste disposal of the conventional rotary kiln.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a plasma melting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the plasma fusing device 130 includes: a plasma melting furnace 131, a feed inlet 132, a tail gas output 133, a molten glass output 134, an alloy molten metal output 135, a first hollow graphite electrode 136, a second hollow graphite electrode 137, and an electrically conductive refractory 138.
A first hollow graphite electrode 136 as a cathode at the top of the plasma furnace 131 and a second hollow graphite electrode 137 as an anode at the bottom of the plasma furnace 131, a plasma process gas (e.g., N)2) Enters the plasma melting furnace 131 through the hollow structure of the first hollow graphite electrode 136, and ionizes the plasma process gas to generate high-temperature plasma of 5000 to 10000 ℃ when a voltage (e.g., 200V dc voltage) is applied across the first hollow graphite electrode 136 and the second hollow graphite electrode 137. The mixture floating on the surface of the molten glass in the plasma melting furnace 131 is rapidly melted by the high-temperature plasma of 5000 to 10000 ℃, inorganic matters in the molten material form the molten glass, the molten glass has electrical conductivity, and the generated resistance heat and the plasma together maintain the temperature of the molten liquid (the molten glass and the molten alloy metal) in the plasma melting furnace 131 to be about 1600 ℃ or higher. Most of the non-active metals in the mixture are reduced into metal simple substances, the metal simple substances form alloy metal liquid, and the glass liquid and the alloy metal liquid are layered in the plasma melting furnace 131 due to different specific gravities. The plasma melting furnace 131 is operated at a slight negative pressure, and the pressure in the plasma melting furnace 131 is about-50 to-10 Pa.
It should be noted that when a voltage (e.g., 200V dc voltage) is applied across the first hollow graphite electrode 136 and the second hollow graphite electrode 137, the plasma process gas is ionized to generate a transfer-type dc high-temperature plasma, which has high thermal efficiency, low noise, stable arc light, and is not easy to break, thus being beneficial to power supply and power grid stabilization, and avoiding the formation of a magnetic field/mixed current in the plasma melting furnace 131; the transfer type dc high temperature plasma has higher efficiency, allows current to pass through (and heat) the material, not just surface heating, and produces less secondary ash.
Embodiments of the present invention dispose of hazardous solid waste using first hollow graphite electrode 136 and second hollow graphite electrode 137 (rather than metal electrodes). Compared with a metal electrode, the graphite electrode has obvious advantages, and mainly comprises the following advantages:
(1) the energy is saved by about 10 percent compared with the metal electrode, because the graphite electrode does not need water cooling, and the metal electrode usually needs water cooling and air cooling protection.
(2) The graphite electrode is not afraid of the corrosion of elements such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, sulfur and the like in dangerous solid waste.
(3) The graphite electrode is safe (there is no risk of water leakage).
(4) The graphite electrode does not need maintenance.
(5) The graphite electrode is cheap and can be purchased at home without depending on the spare parts of the patent of a specific supplier.
(6) The gas consumption of the graphite electrode is only about 10 percent of that of the metal electrode, and the carried ash (secondary ash) is less, which means that the user of the solid waste treatment device of the embodiment of the invention can save the equipment investment of an exhaust system, and the cost for treating the secondary ash is correspondingly reduced.
(7) Using N2The generation of NOx in the plasma furnace 131, which is the plasma process gas of the graphite electrode (instead of compressed air), is almost zero, so that the exhaust system does not need to be equipped with expensive processing equipment for selective catalytic reduction.
The feed port 132, the off-gas output port 133, the molten glass output port 134, and the molten alloy metal output port 135 are located on the side wall of the plasma melting furnace 131. The conductive refractory 138 is located at the bottom of the plasma melting furnace 131, and the plasma melting furnace 131 adopts a water cooling system to cool the conductive refractory 138, so as to reduce erosion of molten glass and plasma to the plasma melting furnace 131.
The outer diameter of the plasma melting furnace 131 in the embodiment of the invention is 4.7m, the diameter of the first hollow graphite electrode 136 is 300mm, the installation power of the plasma melting furnace 131 is 7MW, the use power is 5.6MW, the thermal efficiency of the plasma melting furnace 131 is 72%, the maximum current is 20000A, the power consumption of the plasma melting furnace 131 is 1580 to 1648kWh per ton of processed dust, and the consumption of the first hollow graphite electrode 136 is 2.3kg (1.4kg/MWh) per ton of processed dust.
And the tail gas treatment device 140 is connected with the tail gas output end 133 of the plasma melting device 130 and is used for continuously collecting and purifying the tail gas of the plasma furnace into clean tail gas. The exhaust gas treatment device 140 includes: a combustion chamber 141, a quenching tower 142, a bag filter 143, a washing tower 144 and an induced draft fan 145. The plasma furnace tail gas is treated by the combustion chamber 141, the quenching tower 142, the bag filter 143 and the washing tower 144 in sequence, and then purified into clean tail gas. After passing the test of the tail gas continuous monitoring system 146, the induced draft fan 145 discharges the clean tail gas into the atmosphere.
Specifically, the plasma furnace tail gas is delivered to the combustion chamber 141 through the tail gas output end 133, and CO and CH are delivered at a high temperature of 1100 degrees celsius4And the combustible gas is completely oxidized. The exhaust gas from the plasma furnace from the combustion chamber 141 is sent to a quenching tower 142 to be rapidly cooled to 180 to 200 ℃. In some embodiments, after the plasma furnace off-gas is burned at a high temperature in the combustion chamber 141 and the quench tower 142 is cooled, the plasma furnace off-gas is sent to an adsorption device (activated carbon) to absorb dioxin generated during the high temperature combustion of the plasma furnace off-gas in the combustion chamber 141. The bag filter 143 is used to remove secondary fly ash generated during the treatment of the plasma furnace off-gas in the combustion chamber 141 and the quenching tower 142 (where the secondary fly ash includes non-melted fly ash carried by the plasma furnace off-gas, volatilized salts, injected activated carbon, etc.). The secondary fly ash in the plasma furnace tail gas after passing through the bag filter 143 is captured, so that the plasma furnace tail gas becomes clean. The scrubber 144 stores an alkaline solution (e.g., NaOH solution) for absorbing the plasma furnace off-gasAcid gas (the acid gas includes SO contained in the tail gas of the plasma furnace)2And a small amount of unabsorbed HCl gas) to obtain a clean off-gas free of dust and acid. After passing the test of the tail gas continuous monitoring system 146, the induced draft fan 145 conveys the clean tail gas to the tail end chimney and discharges the clean tail gas into the atmosphere.
In some embodiments, the solid waste treatment apparatus further comprises: and a waste heat boiler (not shown) located between the combustion chamber 141 and the quenching tower 142 for generating steam using waste heat of the plasma furnace off-gas. Dioxin in the solid waste is almost completely destroyed by high-temperature plasma, ultraviolet rays generated by the high-temperature plasma and molten glass liquid, meanwhile, most heavy metals are fixed in the molten glass liquid, and a small part of heavy metals enter the combustion chamber 141 by carrying or volatilizing. The flow of the plasma furnace tail gas generated by the plasma melting furnace 131 is very low, and about 120-300 Nm is generated per ton of the input fly ash3The temperature of the plasma furnace tail gas is about 1200 ℃. The processing temperature of the combustion chamber 141 is 1100 ℃, the temperature of the plasma furnace tail gas at 1100 ℃ is reduced to 500 ℃ after passing through the waste heat boiler, and heat is utilized to generate steam. The tail gas from the combustion chamber 141 will then be rapidly cooled to 180 to 200 degrees celsius in the quench tower 142. The plasma furnace off-gas is then sent to an adsorption device (activated carbon) to absorb dioxin generated during the high temperature combustion of the plasma furnace off-gas in the combustion chamber 141. Then, the plasma furnace exhaust gas is sent to a bag filter 143 to clean the secondary fly ash (where the secondary fly ash includes non-melted fly ash carried by the plasma furnace exhaust gas, volatilized salt, injected activated carbon, etc.), and sent to a washing tower 144 to absorb the acid gas (where the acid gas includes SO contained in the plasma furnace exhaust gas) in the plasma furnace exhaust gas2And a small amount of unabsorbed HCl gas). The secondary fly ash may typically account for 1-7% of the input fly ash. In order to reduce the final disposal amount of the secondary fly ash, it is necessary to precisely control the pressure inside the plasma melting furnace 131 while re-melting part of the secondary fly ash; this makes it possible to control the secondary fly ash to about 1 to 3% of the input residue (the specific value is to be determined because of the components of the input residueOff).
And a glassy product collection device 150 connected to the molten glass output end 134 of the plasma melting device 130 for continuously collecting and cooling molten glass to obtain a plurality of glass products. For example, the molten glass flows into a mold or water quench tank or is slowly cooled via a delivery device to obtain a different glass product. The produced glass product is compact and stable, and is a candidate material for roadbed materials and heat insulation materials.
And a coarse alloy collecting device 160 connected to the molten alloy output 135 of the plasma melting device 130 for periodically collecting and cooling the molten alloy to obtain the corresponding molten alloy, and opening the molten alloy output 135 usually once every 15 to 60 days after the continuous feeding. The alloy metal is sent to the next family for refining. In some embodiments, the molten alloy metal discharge frequency was 5.6 hours/time and the collected alloy product was 7030 tons/year. Recovery and related operating parameters vary depending on product price and daily expenses, and it has been estimated since 1991 that recovery of stainless steel dust, rolled steel sheet, etc. has created a value of about $ 1.9 billion.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of a solid waste treatment method of an embodiment of the present invention. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
in step S410, the solid waste and the slag former are uniformly mixed according to a set ratio to obtain a mixed material.
In this step, the chemical components of the solid waste are analyzed, the type and amount of the slag former are determined, and the solid waste (i.e., ash, etc.) and the slag former are uniformly mixed according to a set proportion to obtain a mixture.
In step S420, the mixture is continuously uniformly distributed and dropped to a plasma melting device, and the mixture is subjected to a transfer-type dc plasma high-temperature melting process to crack and reform the mixture, thereby obtaining molten glass, molten alloy metal, and plasma furnace tail gas.
In the step, the mixture is metered, continuously fed, uniformly distributed at a constant speed and blanked into a plasma melting device, and is subjected to transfer type direct current plasma high-temperature melting treatment at the treatment temperature of 7500 ℃ to obtain molten glass liquid and generate plasma furnace tail gas.
In some optional embodiments, the mixture is metered, continuously fed, uniformly distributed at a constant speed and blanked into a plasma melting device, and is subjected to transfer type direct current plasma high-temperature melting treatment at 8700 ℃ to obtain molten glass liquid and alloy molten metal, and simultaneously, tail gas of a plasma furnace is generated.
In some optional embodiments, the mixture is metered, continuously fed, uniformly distributed at a constant speed and blanked into a plasma melting device, and is subjected to transfer type direct current plasma high-temperature melting treatment at 6250 ℃ to obtain molten alloy molten metal and generate plasma furnace tail gas at the same time.
In step S430, the plasma furnace exhaust is continuously collected and purified into clean exhaust, the molten glass is continuously collected and cooled to obtain a plurality of glass products, and the alloy molten metal is periodically collected and cooled to obtain the corresponding alloy metal.
In the step, after the tail gas of the plasma furnace is sequentially treated by the combustion chamber, the quench tower, the bag filter and the washing tower, the tail gas of the plasma furnace is purified into clean tail gas, and the clean tail gas is discharged into the atmosphere by the induced draft fan after the tail gas is tested to be qualified by the tail gas continuous monitoring system.
In some embodiments, the molten glass continuously overflows the plasma furnace, flows into a mold or a water quenching tank or is slowly cooled by a conveying device to obtain different glass products; the tail gas of the plasma furnace is continuously sent to a combustion chamber (namely a second combustion chamber) to remove CO and CH at the high temperature of 1100 DEG C4Completely oxidizing combustible gas; then the mixture is sent into a quenching tower to be rapidly cooled to 180 ℃; then injecting the activated carbon into the tail gas of the plasma furnace to absorb trace dioxin which is possibly formed again; then conveying the fly ash to a bag filter for treating secondary fly ash; then the SO is conveyed to a washing tower to neutralize the SO contained in the tail gas of the plasma furnace2And (3) obtaining dust-free and acid-free clean tail gas from acid gases such as gas and a small amount of HCl gas, and discharging the dust-free and acid-free clean tail gas from a tail end chimney after the test of a tail gas continuous monitoring system.
In some casesIn the embodiment, the molten glass continuously overflows out of the furnace, flows into a mould or a water quenching tank or is slowly cooled by a transmission device to obtain different glass products; discharging the obtained molten alloy metal liquid regularly, opening an alloy metal liquid output end once after feeding for 30 days continuously, discharging the molten alloy metal liquid, cooling and refining the molten alloy metal liquid; the tail gas of the plasma furnace is continuously sent to a combustion chamber (namely a second combustion chamber) to remove CO and CH at the high temperature of 1100 DEG C4Completely oxidizing combustible gas; then the mixture is sent into a quenching tower to be rapidly cooled to 200 ℃; then injecting the activated carbon into the tail gas of the plasma furnace to absorb trace dioxin which is possibly formed again; then conveying the fly ash to a bag filter for treating secondary fly ash; then the waste gas is conveyed to a washing tower, SO that the NaOH solution in the washing agent neutralizes SO contained in the tail gas of the plasma furnace2And (3) obtaining dust-free and acid-free clean tail gas from acid gases such as gas, and discharging the dust-free and acid-free clean tail gas from a tail end chimney after the test of a tail gas continuous monitoring system.
In some embodiments, the molten alloy metal obtained as described above is periodically discharged, typically once every 18 days after continuous feeding, by opening the alloy metal outlet to discharge the molten alloy metal, which is then cooled and sent to the next refining stage; the tail gas of the plasma furnace is continuously sent to a combustion chamber (namely a second combustion chamber) to remove CO and CH at the high temperature of 1,100 DEG C4Completely oxidizing combustible gas; then the mixture is sent into a quenching tower to be rapidly cooled to 180 ℃; then injecting the activated carbon into the tail gas of the plasma furnace to absorb trace dioxin which is possibly formed again; then conveying the fly ash to a bag filter for treating secondary fly ash generated in the step by the tail gas of the plasma furnace; then the tail gas is conveyed to a washing tower to neutralize the tail gas of the plasma furnace and contains SO2And (3) obtaining dust-free and acid-free clean tail gas from acid gases such as gas and a small amount of unabsorbed HCl gas, and discharging the dust-free and acid-free clean tail gas from a tail end chimney after the test of a tail gas continuous monitoring system.
Table 1 shows emission data of alloy metals, plasma furnace off-gas, and the like when solid waste is treated using the solid waste treatment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the emission data of alloy metal, tail gas and the like discharged after the solid waste is treated by the solid waste treatment device in the embodiment of the invention meet the European Union emission requirements.
Table 1 discharge data of solid waste treatment apparatus for solid waste treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention
According to the solid waste treatment device and the solid waste treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the plasma melting device carries out transfer type direct current plasma high-temperature melting treatment on the mixture to crack and recombine the mixture to obtain molten glass, molten alloy metal and plasma furnace tail gas, the tail gas treatment device continuously collects and purifies the plasma furnace tail gas into clean tail gas, the glassy product collection device continuously collects and cools the glass to obtain various glass products, the crude alloy collection device periodically collects and cools the alloy metal to obtain corresponding alloy metal, the harmless treatment of dangerous solid waste is realized, resources are recovered, and the device and the method have good economic benefit, social benefit and environmental protection benefit.
In addition, the solid waste treatment device and the solid waste treatment method in the embodiment of the invention are used for treating the solid waste, the automation degree is high, the operation is flexible (the furnace opening and the furnace blowing are easy to operate), the labor intensity of workers is low, the noise is low, the working environment is friendly, and the treatment period is short; the traditional incineration treatment process and landfill technology are not needed, the occupied area is saved, the maintenance cost is low, and secondary pollution to land resources and underground water resources is avoided.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
While embodiments in accordance with the invention have been described above, these embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (12)
1. A solid waste treatment apparatus, characterized in that the solid waste treatment apparatus comprises: the device comprises a mixing device, a feeding device, a plasma melting device, a tail gas treatment device, a glassy product collecting device and a crude alloy collecting device;
the mixing device is used for uniformly mixing the solid waste and the slagging constituent according to a set proportion to obtain a mixture;
the feeding device is respectively connected with the mixing device and the plasma melting device and is used for continuously uniformly and uniformly blanking the mixture to the plasma melting device;
the plasma melting device is used for carrying out transfer type direct current plasma high-temperature melting treatment on the mixture to crack and recombine the mixture to obtain molten glass liquid, molten alloy metal liquid and plasma furnace tail gas;
the tail gas treatment device is connected with the tail gas output end of the plasma melting device and is used for continuously collecting and purifying the tail gas of the plasma furnace into clean tail gas;
the glassy state product collecting device is connected with a glass liquid output end of the plasma melting device and is used for continuously collecting and cooling the glass liquid to obtain a plurality of glass products;
the coarse alloy collecting device is connected with an alloy metal liquid output end of the plasma melting device and used for periodically collecting and cooling the alloy metal liquid to obtain corresponding alloy metal.
2. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plasma melting device comprises: a plasma melting furnace, a first hollow graphite electrode, a second hollow graphite electrode,
the first hollow graphite electrode is used as a negative electrode and located at the top of the plasma melting furnace, the second hollow graphite electrode is used as a positive electrode and located at the bottom of the plasma melting furnace, plasma process gas enters the plasma melting furnace through the hollow structure of the first hollow graphite electrode, and the plasma process gas is ionized to generate high-temperature plasma when voltage is applied to the two ends of the first hollow graphite electrode and the second hollow graphite electrode.
3. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 2, wherein the plasma melting apparatus further comprises: a feed inlet and an electrically conductive refractory material,
the feed inlet, the tail gas output end, the molten glass output end and the alloy molten metal output end are positioned on the side wall of the plasma melting furnace,
the conductive refractory material is positioned at the bottom in the plasma melting furnace, and the plasma melting furnace adopts a water cooling system to cool the conductive refractory material so as to reduce the erosion of the molten glass and the plasma to the plasma melting furnace.
4. The solid waste treatment plant of claim 3, wherein the tail gas treatment plant comprises: a combustion chamber, a quench tower, a bag filter, a washing tower and a draught fan,
after the tail gas of the plasma furnace is treated by the combustion chamber, the quench tower, the bag filter and the washing tower in turn, the tail gas of the plasma furnace is purified into clean tail gas,
and after the tail gas continuous monitoring system tests to be qualified, the induced draft fan discharges the clean tail gas into the atmosphere.
5. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein the bag filter is used to remove secondary fly ash, and the scrubber stores an alkaline solution therein to absorb acid gases in the plasma furnace off-gas.
6. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 5, wherein the plasma furnace off-gas is fed into an adsorption device after being burned at a high temperature in the combustion chamber and cooled down by the quenching tower, so as to absorb dioxin generated during the high-temperature combustion of the plasma furnace off-gas in the combustion chamber.
7. The solid waste treatment plant of claim 6, wherein the mix further comprises: a reducing agent,
determining the types and the amounts of the slag former and the reducing agent according to the chemical components of the solid waste.
8. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 7, wherein the solid waste comprises: organic matter, inorganic matter and inactive metal,
and decomposing the organic matter into the tail gas of the plasma furnace by using the slagging agent and the reducing agent through the high-temperature plasma, melting and vitrifying the inorganic matter into the molten glass, and reducing the inactive metal into a metal simple substance.
9. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 8, wherein the plasma high temperature melt processing temperature of the plasma melting device comprises: 5000 to 10000 degrees centigrade, the process temperature of the combustion chamber comprises: 1100 ℃, and cooling the tail gas of the plasma furnace to 180-200 ℃ by the quenching tower.
10. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
and the waste heat boiler is positioned between the combustion chamber and the quenching tower and is used for producing steam by using the waste heat of the tail gas of the plasma furnace.
11. A method of treating solid waste, comprising:
uniformly mixing the solid waste and the slagging agent according to a set proportion to obtain a mixture;
continuously uniformly and uniformly distributing and blanking the mixture to a plasma melting device, and carrying out transfer type direct current plasma high-temperature melting treatment on the mixture to crack and recombine the mixture to obtain molten glass liquid, molten alloy metal liquid and plasma furnace tail gas;
and continuously collecting and purifying the tail gas of the plasma furnace into clean tail gas, continuously collecting and cooling the molten glass to obtain various glass products, and periodically collecting and cooling the alloy molten metal to obtain corresponding alloy metal.
12. The solid waste treatment method of claim 11, comprising:
after the tail gas of the plasma furnace is treated by the combustion chamber, the quench tower, the bag filter and the washing tower in turn, the tail gas of the plasma furnace is purified into clean tail gas,
and after the tail gas continuous monitoring system tests to be qualified, the induced draft fan discharges the clean tail gas into the atmosphere.
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