CN112122307A - Dangerous waste plasma melting treatment system - Google Patents
Dangerous waste plasma melting treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112122307A CN112122307A CN202010926468.9A CN202010926468A CN112122307A CN 112122307 A CN112122307 A CN 112122307A CN 202010926468 A CN202010926468 A CN 202010926468A CN 112122307 A CN112122307 A CN 112122307A
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
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- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
A dangerous waste plasma melting treatment system relates to the technical field of dangerous waste treatment. The device comprises a plasma melting furnace, a crusher, a granulator, an incineration residue bin, a fly ash particle bin, a mixing conveyor, a feeding buffer bin, a slag conveyor, a flue gas regulator, a rotary kiln incinerator secondary combustion chamber and a plasma torch; the method adopts a plasma melting furnace to carry out hazardous waste incineration treatment, wherein the main treatment materials are incineration residue, fly ash and other materials, and the auxiliary materials (fluxing agent) are mainly cullet and lime; after the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: a. can treat toxic, harmful hazardous and non-hazardous waste, including organic, inorganic, gaseous, liquid and solid waste; b. the generation amount of dioxin in the treatment process is very small; c. the processed slag is non-toxic and harmless vitrified slag which is an inert substance, has extremely low permeability and can be used as a roadbed material; d. the waste breaking efficiency is up to more than 99%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a hazardous waste plasma melting treatment system.
Background
The incineration method for treating the hazardous waste is one of the main methods for treating the hazardous waste at home and abroad because the incineration method has the advantages of obvious volume reduction, capability of recovering heat energy and the like. However, the residue and fly ash (generally, the residue and fly ash are collectively called ash, which accounts for about 20-30% of the treatment amount) generated in the process of burning hazardous waste contain harmful substances such as heavy metals and dioxin with high concentration, and if the harmful substances are not treated in a harmless way again, serious environmental pollution can be caused. Statistics of data show that the toxicity equivalent (I-TEQ) of the PCDDs (polychlorinated biphenyldioxins) and the PCDFs (polychlorinated biphenylfurans) in ash is respectively in the range of 1-1040 ng/g and 1.4-280 ng/g. At present, relevant standards in China clearly list ash slag generated by hazardous waste incineration as dangerous waste, so that harmless treatment is required. Therefore, it is an urgent task in our country to find a technology which can reduce the volume of the ash (after the incineration ash is melted, the density of the slag is greatly increased, and the volume is greatly reduced), effectively remove toxicity, and make the treated product be recycled. In the catalogue of major environmental protection technical equipment encouraged and developed by the state, the technology of the equipment for harmlessly treating the medical waste by using the plasma is incorporated, and the key of the technology is that a developed incineration melting furnace is required to have wider treatment area and strong adaptability; the developed plasma spray gun has longer service life and can adapt to the working condition of the incinerator for treating fly ash and slag.
According to the current domestic hazardous waste incineration construction and practical application conditions, the current domestic hazardous waste incineration disposal scale is basically more than 100t/d of each incineration line, the ash content of an incineration treatment system is calculated according to 30%, the residue amount generated after incineration is about 25t/d, if baking soda is adopted for dry deacidification, the generated fly ash amount is about 20t/d, and if slaked lime is adopted for dry deacidification, the generated fly ash amount is about 11 t/d. According to the data, the balance is properly amplified, and a 100t/d hazardous waste incineration system is matched with a 50t/d plasma high-temperature melting treatment system to be suitable. In order to solve the problems or defects, a molten waste treatment system based on a plasma technology is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the disadvantages and drawbacks of the prior art by providing a plasma fusion treatment system for hazardous waste that can treat toxic, hazardous, and non-hazardous waste, including organic, inorganic, gaseous, liquid, and solid waste; the generation amount of dioxin in the treatment process is very small; the processed slag is non-toxic and harmless vitrified slag which is an inert substance, has extremely low permeability and can be used as a roadbed material; the waste breaking efficiency is up to more than 99%.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the dangerous waste plasma melting treatment system comprises a plasma melting furnace 1, a crusher 2, a granulator 3, a slag incineration bin 4, a fly ash grain bin 5, a mixing conveyor 6, a feeding buffer bin 7, a slag conveyor 8, a flue gas regulator 9, a rotary kiln incinerator secondary combustion chamber 10 and a plasma torch 11; the method adopts a plasma melting furnace to carry out hazardous waste incineration treatment, wherein the main treatment materials are incineration residue, fly ash and other materials, and the auxiliary materials (fluxing agent) are mainly cullet and lime;
the process flow comprises the following steps: a. removing incineration residues through a water-sealed slag extractor, then lifting the incineration residues to a crusher through a lifter for crushing pretreatment, wherein the particle size of the crushed residues is generally below 50mm, and the crushed residues enter a slag cache bin for storage; b. the main sources of the fly ash are boiler ash, quenching ash and bag ash generated in the rotary kiln incinerator of the project, the boiler ash, the quenching ash and the bag ash are conveyed to a feeding buffer bin of a pellet granulator in a bucket elevator or screw conveyor mode, the lower part of the buffer bin is provided with a weighing device, the materials enter the pellet granulator for granulation after being reasonably matched with water through calculation, the particle size of the materials after granulation is generally 3-5mm, the materials after granulation are directly unloaded into a fly ash buffer bin at the bottom, the whole process adopts a fully-closed mode, and no dust leakage exists; c. cullet and lime are fluxing agents required by the plasma melting furnace, cullet is fed by a truck, and the fed materials are discharged into an auxiliary material bin through a lifter. The lime is supplied in a ton bag mode, the supplied lime is lifted to a discharge position at the top of a fluxing agent bin through a ton bag lifter, the supplied lime is slowly conveyed to the fluxing agent bin through a conveying device, and then incineration treatment is carried out in an incineration bin of plasma; d. after the ash enters the plasma melting furnace, the organic substances in the ash rapidly react under the high-temperature action of the plasma torch, and the amount of oxygen can be controlled by a valve of the air inlet in the reaction process; the material is gasified and cracked from the feed inlet to the smoke outlet and stays for at least more than 2s, no matter the solid or liquid organic component waste has enough energy (the reaction temperature is more than 1200 ℃) and enough reaction time to be completely gasified and cracked into small molecules in the melting furnace to form combustible synthetic gas (CO, H2, CH4 and the like); the high temperature of more than 1200 ℃ enables the hazardous waste to be basically burnt out, not only leads the waste residue to be burnt out completely, but also avoids a working condition area generating dioxin from the source; inorganic matters are melted under the action of 1450-1600 ℃, the components of a bottom molten pool are prepared through a cosolvent and the like, the viscosity of the molten pool is reduced, the fluidity of the molten pool is increased, and two liquid discharge ports are arranged at the bottom of the plasma melting furnace and are divided into a side glass liquid discharge port and a bottom heavy metal liquid discharge port. After the molten slurry is accumulated to a certain amount, the molten slurry is led out of the plasma melting furnace through the molten slurry outlet channel; and cooling by adopting a water quenching mode to obtain gravel-shaped non-toxic harmless vitrified slag.
The plasma melting furnace 1 is cylindrical, and the shell is made of low-carbon steel with an antirust coating. The furnace is internally provided with a refractory lining, and the furnace body and the furnace top are both subjected to water cooling treatment, so that slag erosion and thermal stripping can be well reduced. The power supply of the plasma furnace is a direct current power supply, and the input power of the plasma is calibrated and adjusted according to the unit weight of the fly ash. The temperature and electronic monitoring can be carried out in the operation process of the smelting furnace, and a closed circuit television system special for a port is arranged at the upper part; the N2 stabilized plasma arc is transferred from a vertical graphite or metal electrode into the melt, and the electron guidance of the arc creates an increased current and Joule heat acting on the melt, thereby melting the fly ash at high temperatures.
The plasma torch 11 adopts electric heating, and the voltage is 380V alternating current, so that the power supply connected with the plasma torch needs to be firstly converted into 600V direct current. The plasma torch 11 injects a highly ionized gas (heated ionized air) at a temperature of up to 3000 c.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the plasma treatment of dangerous waste is to heat the waste to superhigh temperature with plasma torch or furnace, and the basic particle has activity energy far greater than that of any intermolecular chemical bond, and the micro motion of matter is mainly atomic heat motion. Therefore, the plasma treatment method is a waste material decomposition and recombination process, can convert toxic and harmful organic and inorganic waste into harmless and even valuable products, and the destruction removal rate can reach more than 99 percent generally; the plasma technology is adopted to treat the hazardous waste without generating dioxin basically, and the other outstanding advantage is that the slag is vitrified residue which is inert substance with extremely low permeability, and the vitrified residue can be used as roadbed material abroad.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: a. can treat toxic, harmful hazardous and non-hazardous waste, including organic, inorganic, gaseous, liquid and solid waste; b. the generation amount of dioxin in the treatment process is very small; c. the processed slag is non-toxic and harmless vitrified slag which is an inert substance, has extremely low permeability and can be used as a roadbed material; d. the waste breaking efficiency is up to more than 99%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the process flow of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: the device comprises a plasma melting furnace 1, a crusher 2, a granulator 3, an incineration slag bin 4, a fly ash particle bin 5, a mixing conveyor 6, a feeding buffer bin 7, a slag salvaging machine 8, a flue gas regulator 9, a rotary kiln incinerator secondary combustion chamber 10 and a plasma torch 11.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the technical solution adopted by the present embodiment is: the dangerous waste plasma melting treatment system comprises a plasma melting furnace 1, a crusher 2, a granulator 3, a slag incineration bin 4, a fly ash grain bin 5, a mixing conveyor 6, a feeding buffer bin 7, a slag conveyor 8, a flue gas regulator 9, a rotary kiln incinerator secondary combustion chamber 10 and a plasma torch 11; the method adopts a plasma melting furnace to carry out hazardous waste incineration treatment, wherein the main treatment materials are incineration residue, fly ash and other materials, and the auxiliary materials (fluxing agent) are mainly cullet and lime;
the process flow comprises the following steps: a. removing incineration residues through a water-sealed slag extractor, then lifting the incineration residues to a crusher through a lifter for crushing pretreatment, wherein the particle size of the crushed residues is generally below 50mm, and the crushed residues enter a slag cache bin for storage; b. the main sources of the fly ash are boiler ash, quenching ash and bag ash generated in the rotary kiln incinerator of the project, the boiler ash, the quenching ash and the bag ash are conveyed to a feeding buffer bin of a pellet granulator in a bucket elevator or screw conveyor mode, the lower part of the buffer bin is provided with a weighing device, the materials enter the pellet granulator for granulation after being reasonably matched with water through calculation, the particle size of the materials after granulation is generally 3-5mm, the materials after granulation are directly unloaded into a fly ash buffer bin at the bottom, the whole process adopts a fully-closed mode, and no dust leakage exists; c. cullet and lime are fluxing agents required by the plasma melting furnace, cullet is fed by a truck, and the fed materials are discharged into an auxiliary material bin through a lifter. The lime is supplied in a ton bag mode, the supplied lime is lifted to a discharge position at the top of a fluxing agent bin through a ton bag lifter, the supplied lime is slowly conveyed to the fluxing agent bin through a conveying device, and then incineration treatment is carried out in an incineration bin of plasma; d. after the ash enters the plasma melting furnace, the organic substances in the ash rapidly react under the high-temperature action of the plasma torch, and the amount of oxygen can be controlled by a valve of the air inlet in the reaction process; the material is gasified and cracked from the feed inlet to the smoke outlet and stays for at least more than 2s, no matter the solid or liquid organic component waste has enough energy (the reaction temperature is more than 1200 ℃) and enough reaction time to be completely gasified and cracked into small molecules in the melting furnace to form combustible synthetic gas (CO, H2, CH4 and the like); the high temperature of more than 1200 ℃ enables the hazardous waste to be basically burnt out, not only leads the waste residue to be burnt out completely, but also avoids a working condition area generating dioxin from the source; inorganic matters are melted under the action of 1450-1600 ℃, the components of a bottom molten pool are prepared through a cosolvent and the like, the viscosity of the molten pool is reduced, the fluidity of the molten pool is increased, and two liquid discharge ports are arranged at the bottom of the plasma melting furnace and are divided into a side glass liquid discharge port and a bottom heavy metal liquid discharge port. After the molten slurry is accumulated to a certain amount, the molten slurry is led out of the plasma melting furnace through the molten slurry outlet channel; and cooling by adopting a water quenching mode to obtain gravel-shaped non-toxic harmless vitrified slag.
The plasma melting furnace 1 is cylindrical, and the shell is made of low-carbon steel with an antirust coating. The furnace is internally provided with a refractory lining, and the furnace body and the furnace top are both subjected to water cooling treatment, so that slag erosion and thermal stripping can be well reduced. The power supply of the plasma furnace is a direct current power supply, and the input power of the plasma is calibrated and adjusted according to the unit weight of the fly ash. The temperature and electronic monitoring can be carried out in the operation process of the smelting furnace, and a closed circuit television system special for a port is arranged at the upper part; the N2 stabilized plasma arc is transferred from a vertical graphite or metal electrode into the melt, and the electron guidance of the arc creates an increased current and Joule heat acting on the melt, thereby melting the fly ash at high temperatures.
The plasma torch 11 adopts electric heating, and the voltage is 380V alternating current, so that the power supply connected with the plasma torch needs to be firstly converted into 600V direct current. The plasma torch injects a highly ionized gas (heated ionized air) at a temperature of up to 3000 ℃.
The plasma treatment of dangerous waste is to heat the waste to superhigh temperature with plasma torch or furnace, and the basic particle has activity energy far greater than that of any intermolecular chemical bond, and the micro motion of matter is mainly atomic heat motion. Therefore, the plasma treatment method is a waste material decomposition and recombination process, can convert toxic and harmful organic and inorganic waste into harmless and even valuable products, and the destruction removal rate can reach more than 99 percent generally; the plasma technology is adopted to treat the hazardous waste without generating dioxin basically, and the other outstanding advantage is that the slag is vitrified residue which is inert substance with extremely low permeability, and the vitrified residue can be used as roadbed material abroad.
Compared with the traditional invention, the invention has the beneficial effects that: a. can treat toxic, harmful hazardous and non-hazardous waste, including organic, inorganic, gaseous, liquid and solid waste; b. the generation amount of dioxin in the treatment process is very small; c. the processed slag is non-toxic and harmless vitrified slag which is an inert substance, has extremely low permeability and can be used as a roadbed material; d. the waste breaking efficiency is up to more than 99%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Hazardous waste plasma melting processing system, its characterized in that: the device comprises a plasma melting furnace (1), a crusher (2), a granulator (3), an incineration residue bin (4), a fly ash particle bin (5), a mixing conveyor (6), a feeding buffer bin (7), a slag conveyor (8), a flue gas regulator (9), a rotary kiln incinerator secondary combustion chamber (10) and a plasma torch (11); the method adopts a plasma melting furnace to carry out hazardous waste incineration treatment, wherein the main treatment materials are incineration residue, fly ash and other materials, and the auxiliary materials (fluxing agent) are mainly cullet and lime; the process flow comprises the following steps: a. the incineration residues are discharged through a water-seal slag discharging machine and then lifted to a crusher (2) through a lifter for crushing pretreatment, the particle size after crushing is generally below 50mm, and the crushed residues enter an incineration residue bin (4) for storage; b. the main sources of the fly ash are boiler ash, quenching ash and cloth bag ash generated in the rotary kiln incinerator of the project, the boiler ash, the quenching ash and the cloth bag ash are conveyed to a material feeding buffer bin (7) of a pellet granulator through a mixing conveyor (6), the lower part of the material feeding buffer bin (7) is provided with a weighing device, the material enters the pellet granulator (3) for granulation after being reasonably matched with water through calculation, the particle size of the granulated material is generally 3-5mm, the granulated material is directly discharged into a fly ash particle bin (5) at the bottom, the whole process adopts a totally-enclosed form, and no dust is leaked; c. cullet and lime are fluxing agents required by the plasma melting furnace (1), the cullet is fed in a truck mode, and the fed cullet is discharged into an auxiliary material bin through a lifter; the lime is supplied in a ton bag mode, the supplied lime is lifted to a discharge position at the top of a fluxing agent bin through a ton bag lifter, the supplied lime is slowly conveyed to the fluxing agent bin through a conveying device, and then incineration treatment is carried out in an incineration residue bin (4) of the plasma melting furnace (1); d. after the ash enters the plasma melting furnace, the organic substances in the ash rapidly react under the high-temperature action of the plasma torch, and the amount of oxygen can be controlled by a valve of the air inlet in the reaction process; the material is gasified and cracked from the feed inlet to the smoke outlet and stays for at least more than 2s, no matter the solid or liquid organic component waste has enough energy (the reaction temperature is more than 1200 ℃) and enough reaction time in the plasma melting furnace (1) to be thoroughly gasified and cracked into small molecules to form combustible synthetic gas (CO, H2, CH4 and the like); the high temperature of more than 1200 ℃ enables the hazardous waste to be basically burnt out, not only leads the waste residue to be burnt out completely, but also avoids a working condition area generating dioxin from the source; inorganic matters are melted under the high temperature action of 1450-1600 ℃, the components of a bottom molten pool are prepared through a cosolvent and the like, the viscosity of the molten pool is reduced, the fluidity of the molten pool is increased, and the bottom of the plasma melting furnace (1) is provided with two liquid discharge ports which are divided into a side glass liquid discharge port and a bottom heavy metal liquid discharge port; the molten slurry is led out of the plasma melting furnace (1) through a molten slurry outlet channel after accumulating to a certain amount; and cooling by adopting a water quenching mode to obtain gravel-shaped non-toxic harmless vitrified slag.
2. The hazardous waste plasma melt processing system of claim 1, wherein: the plasma melting furnace (1) is cylindrical, and the shell is made of low-carbon steel with an antirust coating.
3. The hazardous waste plasma melt processing system of claim 1, wherein: the plasma torch (11) adopts electric heating, the voltage is 380V alternating current, and the power supply for connecting the plasma torch needs to be firstly converted into 600V direct current.
4. The hazardous waste plasma melt processing system of claim 2, wherein: the plasma melting furnace 1 is internally provided with a refractory lining, and the furnace body and the furnace top are both treated by water cooling, so that the slag erosion and thermal stripping can be well reduced.
5. The hazardous waste plasma melt processing system of claim 2, wherein: the power supply of the plasma melting furnace (1) is a direct current power supply, and the input power of the plasma is calibrated and adjusted according to the unit weight of the fly ash.
6. The hazardous waste plasma melt processing system of claim 2, wherein: the temperature and electronic monitoring can be carried out in the operation process of the plasma melting furnace (1), and a closed-circuit television system special for a port is arranged at the upper part; the N2 stabilized plasma arc is transferred from a vertical graphite or metal electrode into the melt, and the electron guidance of the arc creates an increased current and Joule heat acting on the melt, thereby melting the fly ash at high temperatures.
7. The hazardous waste plasma melt processing system of claim 3, wherein: the plasma torch (11) injects a highly ionized gas (heated ionized air) at a temperature of up to 3000 ℃.
8. The hazardous waste plasma melt processing system of claim 1, wherein: the mixing conveyor (6) is a bucket elevator or a screw conveyor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010926468.9A CN112122307A (en) | 2020-09-07 | 2020-09-07 | Dangerous waste plasma melting treatment system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010926468.9A CN112122307A (en) | 2020-09-07 | 2020-09-07 | Dangerous waste plasma melting treatment system |
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| CN112122307A true CN112122307A (en) | 2020-12-25 |
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| CN202010926468.9A Pending CN112122307A (en) | 2020-09-07 | 2020-09-07 | Dangerous waste plasma melting treatment system |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN113522939A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-10-22 | 北京北科强瑜环境科技有限公司 | Useless processing system of natural gas danger |
| CN113669732A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-19 | 中野环保科技(重庆)股份有限公司 | System and method for pyrolysis of organic hazardous waste rotary kiln and fusion coupling treatment of plasma furnace |
| CN113957261A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-21 | 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 | Method for improving energy efficiency and metal recovery rate of plasma ash slag melting furnace |
| CN117324353A (en) * | 2023-12-01 | 2024-01-02 | 上海羿诚环保科技有限公司 | Process for purifying waste salt through melting of heating glass body |
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| CN113402259A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-17 | 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 | Method for preparing ceramic material from hazardous waste incineration ash |
| CN113522939A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-10-22 | 北京北科强瑜环境科技有限公司 | Useless processing system of natural gas danger |
| CN113522939B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-03-10 | 北京北科强瑜环境科技有限公司 | Useless processing system of natural gas danger |
| CN113669732A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-19 | 中野环保科技(重庆)股份有限公司 | System and method for pyrolysis of organic hazardous waste rotary kiln and fusion coupling treatment of plasma furnace |
| CN113957261A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-21 | 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 | Method for improving energy efficiency and metal recovery rate of plasma ash slag melting furnace |
| CN113957261B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-02-07 | 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 | Method for improving energy efficiency and metal recovery rate of plasma ash slag melting furnace |
| CN117324353A (en) * | 2023-12-01 | 2024-01-02 | 上海羿诚环保科技有限公司 | Process for purifying waste salt through melting of heating glass body |
| CN117324353B (en) * | 2023-12-01 | 2024-01-30 | 上海羿诚环保科技有限公司 | Process for purifying waste salt through melting of heating glass body |
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