CN210271817U - Volume reduction treatment system for medium-low radioactive solid waste - Google Patents
Volume reduction treatment system for medium-low radioactive solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN210271817U CN210271817U CN201920672370.8U CN201920672370U CN210271817U CN 210271817 U CN210271817 U CN 210271817U CN 201920672370 U CN201920672370 U CN 201920672370U CN 210271817 U CN210271817 U CN 210271817U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a well low radioactive solid waste subtracts appearance processing system, contain the breaker, the letter sorting case, the plasma gasifier, plasma melting furnace, the combustion chamber, the quench tower, ceramic filter, activated carbon adsorption tower, the deacidification scrubbing tower, high-efficient air cleaner, the chimney, melting vitreous body receiver and conveyer, utilize breaker at first to send into sorting device after the breakage well low radioactive solid waste carries out letter sorting, combustible waste sends into the gasifier and carries out gasification reaction to organic component, send into the melting furnace behind the lime-ash and the incombustible waste collection of production and carry out vitrification melting process, make the radionuclide fixed in the slag vitreous body, the vitreous body is stored by automatic receiving system barrelling after the cooling, the flue gas of production satisfies the comprehensive emission standard of atmospheric pollutants after purification treatment and discharges up to standard. The utility model discloses it is effectual, fail safe nature is high, nuclide stability is good to reduce the appearance.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a waste material volume reduction processing system, especially a low-grade radioactive solid waste volume reduction processing system.
Background
The installed capacity of the nuclear power in China at present reaches 3680 ten thousand kilowatts, and the accumulated generated medium-low emission waste is about 1.3 ten thousand cubic meters. The conventional disposal method of the medium-low level solid waste is a cement solidification method after super compaction, and the volume-reduced waste is stored in a 200L steel barrel. However, the cement solidification is a compatibilization treatment process, and although the super compressor further compresses and reduces the volume of the waste, the volume reduction effect is limited, and the problems of leaching and diffusion of the nuclein in the waste cannot be fundamentally solved. Although the low-level waste treated by the incineration method has a relatively obvious volume reduction effect on combustible waste, the problem of dioxin pollution generated in the incineration process is always a focus of people's attention. Moreover, because a large amount of flue gas is generated by incineration, the burden and cost of tail gas treatment are increased, and the radionuclide is easy to further diffuse along with the flue gas, which is not beneficial to the capture and control of the radionuclide. In addition, the ash generated by the incineration method cannot be melted and cannot capture and solidify radionuclides and other heavy metals which seriously pollute the environment.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that a low-medium radioactive solid waste volume reduction processing system is provided, volume after reducing waste disposal.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who adopts is:
a volume reduction treatment system for medium and low radioactive solid waste is characterized in that: comprises a crusher, a sorting box, a plasma gasification furnace, a plasma melting furnace, a combustion chamber, a quench tower, a ceramic filter, an activated carbon adsorption tower, a deacidification washing tower, a high-efficiency air filter, a chimney, a molten vitreous body receiver and a conveyor, wherein a discharge hole of the crusher is connected with a feed hole of the sorting box, a combustible waste discharge hole of the sorting box is connected with a feed hole of the plasma gasification furnace through a shaftless spiral feeder, the non-combustible waste of the sorting box is connected with the feed hole of the plasma melting furnace through the shaftless spiral feeder, a solid discharge hole at the lower end of the plasma gasification furnace is connected with the feed hole of the plasma melting furnace through the shaftless spiral feeder, a gas outlet at the side surface of the plasma gasification furnace is connected with a gas inlet of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, a gas outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with, ceramic filter gas outlet passes through the pipeline and is connected with the active carbon adsorption tower air inlet, and the active carbon adsorption tower gas outlet is connected with the deacidification scrubbing tower air inlet, and the deacidification scrubbing tower gas outlet passes through the pipeline and is connected with high-efficient air cleaner air inlet, and the high-efficient air cleaner gas outlet is connected with the chimney, and plasma melting furnace lower extreme discharge gate is connected with fused vitreous body receiver upper end, and fused vitreous body receiver lower extreme setting is at conveyer one end upside.
Further, the plasma gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace cover and a gasification furnace body, the gasification furnace cover is buckled at the upper end of the gasification furnace body, a gasification feed inlet and a gasification observation measurement window which are communicated with a hearth in the gasification furnace body are formed in the gasification furnace cover, an inner cavity of the gasification furnace body is a gasification area in the furnace, a gasification furnace heat insulation layer is arranged on the inner wall of the gasification furnace body, an air inlet is formed in the side wall of one side of the gasification furnace body, a synthetic gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the other side of the gasification furnace body, a fire grate is arranged on the lower side of the gasification area in the furnace, the fire grate is horizontally arranged and fixed on the inner wall of the gasification furnace body at the periphery, an ash outlet is formed.
Furthermore, a gasification feeding bin and a gasification control valve are arranged on the gasification feeding port, the gasification feeding bin is a round funnel, the lower end of the gasification feeding bin is fixedly connected with the upper end of the gasification feeding port, and the gasification control valve is arranged at the lower end of the gasification feeding bin and used for controlling the feeding amount.
Further, an ash scraper is arranged in the ash outlet.
The plasma melting furnace comprises a melting furnace cover and a melting furnace body, the melting furnace cover is buckled at the upper end of the melting furnace body, a melting feed inlet and two melting observation and measurement windows are formed in the melting furnace cover and are communicated with a hearth in the melting furnace body, an inner cavity of the melting furnace body is a melting zone in the furnace, a melting furnace heat insulation layer is arranged on the inner wall of the melting furnace body, a melting bath crucible made of refractory materials is arranged in the melting furnace body, two plasma torches respectively penetrate through the side wall of the melting furnace body from the outer side of the melting furnace body in an inclined mode, a torch head is arranged in the melting bath crucible, and a discharge outlet penetrating through the lower end of the melting furnace body is formed in the middle.
Furthermore, a melting feeding bin and a melting control valve are arranged on the melting feeding port, the melting feeding bin is a round funnel, the lower end of the melting feeding bin is fixedly connected with the upper end of the melting feeding port, and the melting control valve is arranged at the lower end of the melting feeding bin and used for controlling the feeding amount.
Further, an induction coil is arranged on the outer side of the discharge port, and a thermal valve is surrounded on the outer sides of the discharge port and the induction coil.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model, have following advantage and effect: the utility model discloses utilize thermal plasma physical energy density high, can handle the characteristics of the waste of high melting point, the synthetic gas that the combustible waste in the low waste of putting of centering formed after carrying out gasification reaction is sent into the combustion chamber and is burnt and form the innoxious substance of micromolecule, and the lime-ash and the incombustible waste of production melt in the plasma melting furnace, with stable the fixing in the melting vitreous body of radionuclide, the flue gas of production satisfies the emission requirement of air quality standard through purification treatment. Compared with the prior art, the volume reduction ratio can reach more than 95%, the radioactive waste disposal and storage space is greatly reduced, the waste is disposed by classifying the plasma gasification furnace and the melting furnace, the disposal cost and the risk are greatly reduced, and flexible control and monitoring are facilitated. The utility model provides a system and method that the volume reduction of well low radioactive solid waste plasma technique that environment friendly, processing procedure safe and reliable, volume reduction effect are showing and accord with national emission standard is handled, reach the volume reduction of radioactive waste and the purpose of stabilizing treatment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a volume reduction treatment system for medium and low radioactive solid waste according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the plasma gasification furnace of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a plasma melting furnace of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the operation of the volume reduction treatment system for the low-medium radioactive solid waste of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model discloses a low or medium radioactive solid waste volume reduction processing system contains breaker 1, letter sorting case 2, plasma gasifier 3, plasma melting furnace 4, combustion chamber 5, quench tower 6, ceramic filter 7, active carbon adsorption tower 8, deacidification scrubbing tower 9, high efficiency air cleaner 10, chimney 11, fused vitreous body receiver 12 and conveyer 13, breaker 1 discharge gate and letter sorting case 2 feed inlet are connected, the breaker is broken to the great solid waste of volume, send into the letter sorting case after broken to certain size. A combustible waste discharge port of the sorting box 2 is connected with a feed port of the plasma gasification furnace 3 through a shaftless spiral feeder, non-combustible waste of the sorting box 2 is connected with a feed port of the plasma melting furnace 4 through the shaftless spiral feeder, the sorting box classifies the medium and low-level solid waste, the combustible waste is sent into the plasma gasification furnace through the shaftless spiral feeder, and the non-combustible waste is sent into the plasma melting furnace through the shaftless spiral feeder. A solid discharge port at the lower end of the plasma gasification furnace 3 is connected with a feed inlet of the plasma melting furnace 4 through a shaftless spiral feeder, a gas outlet at the side surface of the plasma gasification furnace 3 is connected with a gas inlet of a combustion chamber 5 through a pipeline, a gas outlet of the combustion chamber 5 is connected with a gas inlet of a quenching tower 6 through a pipeline, a natural gas burner is arranged in the combustion chamber for burning synthetic gas, a gas outlet of the quenching tower 6 is connected with a gas inlet of a ceramic filter 7 through a pipeline, a gas outlet of the ceramic filter 7 is connected with a gas inlet of an activated carbon adsorption tower 8 through a pipeline, a gas outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower 8 is connected with a gas inlet of a deacidification washing tower 9, a gas outlet of the deacidification washing tower 9 is connected with a gas inlet of a high-efficiency air filter 10 through, the lower end of the molten glass receptacle 12 is disposed above one end of the conveyor 13. Solid and liquid wastes such as fly ash and the like generated by the flue gas purification treatment system are sent into the melting furnace for circular treatment.
As shown in fig. 2, the plasma gasification furnace 3 comprises a gasification furnace cover 301 and a gasification furnace body 302, the gasification furnace cover 301 is buckled at the upper end of the gasification furnace body 302, a gasification feed port 303 and a gasification observation measurement window 304 which are communicated with a hearth in the gasification furnace body 302 are arranged on the gasification furnace cover 301, a gasification feed bin 305 and a gasification control valve 306 are arranged on the gasification feed port 303, the gasification feed bin 305 is a round funnel, the lower end of the gasification feed bin 305 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the gasification feed port 303, and the gasification control valve 306 is arranged at the lower end of the gasification feed bin 305 for controlling the feeding amount. The inner cavity of the gasification furnace body 302 is an in-furnace gasification region 307, the inner wall of the gasification furnace body 302 is provided with a gasification furnace heat insulation layer 310, the side wall of one side of the gasification furnace body 302 is provided with an air inlet 308, the side wall of the other side of the gasification furnace body 302 is provided with a synthetic gas outlet 309, the lower side of the in-furnace gasification region 307 is provided with a fire grate 311, the fire grate 311 is horizontally arranged, the periphery of the fire grate 311 is fixed on the inner wall of the gasification furnace body 302, the lower end of the gasification furnace body 302 is provided with an ash outlet 313, and one end of. An ash scraper 312 is arranged in the ash outlet 313. The generated ash is fed into the plasma-melting furnace 4 through the ash outlet 313 after entering the shaftless screw feeder 314.
As shown in fig. 3, the plasma melting furnace 4 comprises a melting furnace cover 401 and a melting furnace body 402, the melting furnace cover 401 is fastened on the upper end of the melting furnace body 402, a melting feed opening 403 and two melting observation and measurement windows 404 are arranged on the furnace melting furnace cover 401, the melting feed opening 403 is communicated with a hearth in the melting furnace body 402, a melting feed bin 405 and a melting control valve 406 are arranged on the melting feed opening 403, the melting feed bin 405 is a circular funnel, the lower end of the melting feed bin 405 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the melting feed opening 403, and the melting control valve 406 is arranged at the lower end of the melting feed bin 405 for controlling the feeding amount. The inner cavity of the melting furnace body 402 is an in-furnace melting zone 407, the inner wall of the melting furnace body 402 is provided with a melting furnace heat insulation layer 408, a melting bath crucible 409 made of refractory material is arranged in the melting furnace body 402, two plasma torches 410 respectively penetrate through the side wall of the melting furnace body from the outer side of the melting furnace body 402 in an inclined mode, the torch head is arranged in the melting bath crucible 409, and the lower middle end of the melting bath crucible 409 is provided with a discharge outlet 411 penetrating through the lower end of the melting furnace body. An induction coil 412 is disposed outside the discharge port 411, and a thermal valve 413 is surrounded by the discharge port 411 and the outside of the induction coil 412. The opening and closing of the hot valve 413 are controlled by the induction heating of the medium-frequency power supply, the lower end of the hot valve 413 is butted with a molten glass body receiver 12 for bearing a molten glass body, and a conveyor 13 is used for conveying the molten glass body.
The plasma torch is a non-transferred arc direct current plasma torch, and nitrogen and air are used as plasma working media. The direct current plasma torches are uniformly distributed above the crucible side of the melting bath of the plasma melting furnace, the axial direction of the direct current plasma torches and the central axis of the furnace body form an included angle of less than 90 degrees, the number of the direct current plasma torches is 2, and the direct current plasma torches are respectively externally connected with a plasma control power supply. And a plurality of thermocouples are distributed in the axial direction of the plasma melting furnace and are used for monitoring the axial temperature distribution in the hearth.
The plasma gasification furnace and the melting furnace in the system are all closed devices, and operate in a micro-negative pressure working state, and the whole process of the system device is automatically controlled and operated. The low-and medium-level waste is crushed and then sorted by a sorting box into combustible waste and non-combustible waste, the combustible waste is sent into a gasification furnace by a shaftless screw feeder to be subjected to gasification reaction, the generated synthesis gas is sent into a combustion chamber, the generated ash and the non-combustible waste are sent into a plasma melting furnace by the shaftless screw feeder to be subjected to thermal plasma high-temperature melting treatment, and then molten glass which can effectively capture radionuclide, heavy metal or other toxic and harmful substances and has extremely low leaching rate is generated. The system adopts automatic operation in the whole process, the generated solid waste molten glass body is cooled by the glass body generated by sample receiving of the receiver and then is put into a 200L concrete steel barrel for storage, the generated waste gas is discharged to the atmosphere after meeting the comprehensive emission standard of atmospheric pollutants through CEMS on-line monitoring, and the waste water in the whole process meets the emission standard of radiation protection regulations of nuclear power plants.
As shown in fig. 4, a work flow of a medium-low radioactive solid waste volume reduction treatment system comprises:
the method comprises the following steps: the middle-low level solid waste is crushed and then sent into a sorting box, is separated into combustible waste and non-combustible waste through sorting, and is respectively sent into a gasification furnace and a melting furnace through a shaftless screw feeder.
Step two: after the combustible waste enters the gasification furnace, gasification reaction is carried out at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ to form synthesis gas and ash.
Step three: the generated synthetic gas is sent into a combustion chamber for disposal through a draught fan to form harmless micromolecular gas, and ash and slag are sent into a melting furnace together with non-combustible waste through a shaftless screw feeder.
Step four: the plasma melting furnace carries out melting treatment on ash and non-combustible waste at 1300-1400 ℃, traps and solidifies radionuclide to finally generate harmless molten glass, and the harmless molten glass is sealed and stored in a special container after being cooled.
Step five: high-temperature flue gas generated from a combustion chamber directly enters a quench tower, the flue gas is rapidly cooled to avoid the generation of dioxin, the cooled flue gas enters a ceramic filter to remove dust and particulate matters with radioactive nuclides, the flue gas after dust removal is subjected to active carbon filter for nuclide removal again, the flue gas after nuclide removal is washed by a deacidification washing tower to remove acid gas, the flue gas after deacidification is subjected to particle removal by a high-efficiency air filter and then is discharged by a chimney, and ash generated by the whole flue gas purification treatment system is sent to a melting furnace for melting treatment.
The method comprises the steps of crushing and sorting middle and low-level wastes, gasifying combustible wastes in a plasma gasification furnace, melting generated ash and incombustible wastes at a high temperature in a plasma melting furnace, adding a glass forming body by adjusting, and trapping and solidifying radionuclides to obtain molten glass which can be directly and safely treated and has extremely low leaching rate, so that the plasma gasification and the melting and solidification are separately carried out, and the final purposes of volume reduction and stabilization treatment are achieved.
The utility model discloses utilize thermal plasma physical energy density high, can handle the characteristics of the waste of high melting point, the synthetic gas that the combustible waste in the low waste of putting of centering formed after carrying out gasification reaction is sent into the combustion chamber and is burnt and form the innoxious substance of micromolecule, and the lime-ash and the incombustible waste of production melt in the plasma melting furnace, with stable the fixing in the melting vitreous body of radionuclide, the flue gas of production satisfies the emission requirement of air quality standard through purification treatment. Compared with the prior art, the volume reduction ratio can reach more than 95%, the radioactive waste disposal and storage space is greatly reduced, the waste is disposed by classifying the plasma gasification furnace and the melting furnace, the disposal cost and the risk are greatly reduced, and flexible control and monitoring are facilitated. The utility model provides a system and method that the volume reduction of well low radioactive solid waste plasma technique that environment friendly, processing procedure safe and reliable, volume reduction effect are showing and accord with national emission standard is handled, reach the volume reduction of radioactive waste and the purpose of stabilizing treatment.
The above description in this specification is merely illustrative of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitute them in a similar manner without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. A volume reduction treatment system for medium and low radioactive solid waste is characterized in that: comprises a crusher, a sorting box, a plasma gasification furnace, a plasma melting furnace, a combustion chamber, a quench tower, a ceramic filter, an activated carbon adsorption tower, a deacidification washing tower, a high-efficiency air filter, a chimney, a molten vitreous body receiver and a conveyor, wherein a discharge hole of the crusher is connected with a feed hole of the sorting box, a combustible waste discharge hole of the sorting box is connected with a feed hole of the plasma gasification furnace through a shaftless spiral feeder, the non-combustible waste of the sorting box is connected with the feed hole of the plasma melting furnace through the shaftless spiral feeder, a solid discharge hole at the lower end of the plasma gasification furnace is connected with the feed hole of the plasma melting furnace through the shaftless spiral feeder, a gas outlet at the side surface of the plasma gasification furnace is connected with a gas inlet of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, a gas outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with, ceramic filter gas outlet passes through the pipeline and is connected with the active carbon adsorption tower air inlet, and the active carbon adsorption tower gas outlet is connected with the deacidification scrubbing tower air inlet, and the deacidification scrubbing tower gas outlet passes through the pipeline and is connected with high-efficient air cleaner air inlet, and the high-efficient air cleaner gas outlet is connected with the chimney, and plasma melting furnace lower extreme discharge gate is connected with fused vitreous body receiver upper end, and fused vitreous body receiver lower extreme setting is at conveyer one end upside.
2. The volume reduction treatment system for the medium and low radioactive solid waste, according to claim 1, wherein: the plasma gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace cover and a gasification furnace body, the gasification furnace cover is buckled at the upper end of the gasification furnace body, a gasification feed port and a gasification observation measurement window which are communicated with a hearth in the gasification furnace body are formed in the gasification furnace cover, an inner cavity of the gasification furnace body is a gasification area in the furnace, a gasification furnace heat insulation layer is arranged on the inner wall of the gasification furnace body, an air inlet is formed in one side wall of the gasification furnace body, a synthetic gas outlet is formed in the other side wall of the gasification furnace body, a fire grate is arranged at the lower side of the gasification area in the furnace, the fire grate is horizontally arranged and is fixed on the inner wall of the gasification furnace body all around, an ash outlet is formed in the lower end.
3. The volume reduction treatment system for the medium and low radioactive solid waste as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the gasification feeding port is provided with a gasification feeding bin and a gasification control valve, the gasification feeding bin is a round funnel, the lower end of the gasification feeding bin is fixedly connected with the upper end of the gasification feeding port, and the gasification control valve is arranged at the lower end of the gasification feeding bin and used for controlling the feeding amount.
4. The volume reduction treatment system for the medium and low radioactive solid waste as set forth in claim 2, wherein: and an ash scraper is arranged in the ash residue outlet.
5. The volume reduction treatment system for the medium and low radioactive solid waste, according to claim 1, wherein: the plasma melting furnace comprises a melting furnace cover and a melting furnace body, the melting furnace cover is buckled at the upper end of the melting furnace body, a melting feed port and two melting observation and measurement windows which are communicated with a hearth in the melting furnace body are formed in the melting furnace cover, an inner cavity of the melting furnace body is a melting area in the furnace, a melting furnace heat insulation layer is arranged on the inner wall of the melting furnace body, a melting bath crucible made of refractory materials is arranged in the melting furnace body, two plasma torches obliquely penetrate through the side wall of the melting furnace body from the outer side of the melting furnace body respectively, a torch head is arranged in the melting bath crucible, and a discharge port penetrating through the lower end of the melting furnace body is formed in the.
6. The volume reduction treatment system for the medium and low radioactive solid waste, according to claim 5, wherein: the melting feeding port is provided with a melting feeding bin and a melting control valve, the melting feeding bin is a round funnel, the lower end of the melting feeding bin is fixedly connected with the upper end of the melting feeding port, and the melting control valve is arranged at the lower end of the melting feeding bin and used for controlling the feeding amount.
7. The volume reduction treatment system for the medium and low radioactive solid waste, according to claim 5, wherein: an induction coil is arranged on the outer side of the discharge port, and a thermal valve is surrounded on the outer sides of the discharge port and the induction coil.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920672370.8U CN210271817U (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2019-05-13 | Volume reduction treatment system for medium-low radioactive solid waste |
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| CN201920672370.8U CN210271817U (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2019-05-13 | Volume reduction treatment system for medium-low radioactive solid waste |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113587111A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-02 | 绵阳科大久创科技有限公司 | High-temperature incinerator and matched flue gas cooling and purifying tower |
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2019
- 2019-05-13 CN CN201920672370.8U patent/CN210271817U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113587111A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-02 | 绵阳科大久创科技有限公司 | High-temperature incinerator and matched flue gas cooling and purifying tower |
| CN113587111B (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2023-11-24 | 绵阳科大久创科技有限公司 | High-temperature incinerator and matched flue gas cooling and purifying tower |
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