CN106402896A - Waste incineration fly ash plasma melting treatment system - Google Patents
Waste incineration fly ash plasma melting treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106402896A CN106402896A CN201610996840.7A CN201610996840A CN106402896A CN 106402896 A CN106402896 A CN 106402896A CN 201610996840 A CN201610996840 A CN 201610996840A CN 106402896 A CN106402896 A CN 106402896A
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- Prior art keywords
- flying dust
- flue gas
- plasma
- plasma melting
- additive
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
- F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
Abstract
The invention provides a waste incineration fly ash plasma melting treatment system. The system comprises a feeding device, a plasma melting furnace, a secondary combustion chamber, a quench tower, an activated carbon injection device, a cloth bag dust removal, a hydrochloric acid generator, a wet method washing tower, a steam heater and an induced draft fan which are sequentially connected. According to the system, waste incineration fly ash belonging to dangerous wastes is melted, and is converted into innocuous and unpoisonous glass body and hydrochloric acid, and weight reduction, harmlessness and recycling of waste incineration fly ash can be achieved to the maximum degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to incineration treatment of garbage field, process in particular to a kind of incineration of refuse flyash plasma melting
System.
Background technology
Waste incineration assumes good growth momentum it is considered to be China processes an important side of municipal refuse in China
To.Waste incineration can produce a large amount of flying dusts, accounts for the 3%～5% of waste incineration total amount, in flying dust contain substantial amounts of heavy metal and
Two English can bring new environmental problem.《National Hazard waste register》Clear stipulaties incineration of refuse flyash is dangerous useless
Thing, the appropriate disposal how realizing this kind of secondary pollution has become waste incineration industry problem demanding prompt solution.
Content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of incineration of refuse flyash plasma melting processing system, described
Feed arrangement that system includes being sequentially connected, plasma melting stove, dual firing chamber, chilling tower, activated carbon injection apparatus, bag-type dust
Device, salt acid generator, wet scrubbing tower, steam heater and air-introduced machine.
In one example, described feed arrangement includes flying dust storehouse, additive bin, discharge valve, conveying worm, flying dust meter
Amount device, additive metering device and batcher.
In one example, by described discharge valve, the flying dust in described flying dust storehouse is delivered to described flying dust metering device to enter
Row flying dust is weighed, and by described discharge valve and described conveying worm, the additive in described additive bin is delivered to described interpolation
Agent metering device is added agent and weighs, and described flying dust metering device and described additive metering device are independently arranged.
In one example, by a certain percentage the flying dust after mix homogeneously and additive via described batcher from described etc.
Described plasma melting stove is sent at the top of ion melting furnace.
In one example, the plasma in described plasma melting stove results from the continuous consumption positioned at stove top
Graphite electrode and the electrode being located at furnace bottom between, the high-temperature electric arc that described plasma produces makes by described charging dress
The mixing material putting input melts rapidly formation melten glass liquid.
In one example, described melten glass liquid has electric conductivity, resistance heat and institute that described melten glass liquid produces
State plasma and jointly the temperature of described melten glass liquid is maintained 1450 DEG C～1600 DEG C.
In one example, the flue gas discharged from the top of described plasma melting stove is admitted to described dual firing chamber
Portion, by CO the and CH4 exhaustive oxidation in described flue gas under 1100 DEG C of high temperature.
In one example, the flue gas discharged from the top of described dual firing chamber is cooled to rapidly 180 in described chilling tower
DEG C～200 DEG C, to avoid the generation again of two English.
In one example, activated carbon is injected the described chilling tower of connection by described activated carbon injection apparatus and described cloth bag removes
The flue of dirt device, to absorb micro two English being formed again in described flue gas.
In one example, all of secondary flying ash is captured by the bag filter in described sack cleaner, and described two
Secondary flying dust includes the flying dust not being melted being carried by described flue gas.
In one example, the hydrogen chloride gas in described flue gas, the hydrochloric acid of recovery are reclaimed by described salt acid generator
Concentration is 22%～31% (wt/wt).
In one example, in described wet scrubbing tower, the SO that contains in described flue gas2Hydrogen chloride gas with residual
Neutralized by NaOH solution.
In one example, the flue gas discharged from described wet scrubbing tower first pass through the heating of described steam heater again via
Described air-introduced machine is incorporated to after waste incineration main flue gas cleaning system is processed and discharges.
According to the present invention it is possible to melt the incineration of refuse flyash being classified as hazardous waste, change into nontoxic glass
Body and hydrochloric acid, farthest realize the minimizing of incineration of refuse flyash, innoxious and resource.
Brief description
The drawings below of the present invention is used for understanding the present invention in this as the part of the present invention.Shown in the drawings of this
Bright embodiment and its description, for explaining the principle of the present invention.
In accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is the process route view of incineration of refuse flyash plasma melting processing system proposed by the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In the following description, a large amount of concrete details are given to provide more thorough understanding of the invention.So
And, it is obvious to the skilled person that the present invention can one or more of these details and be able to
Implement.In other examples, in order to avoid obscuring with the present invention, some technical characteristics well known in the art are not entered
Row description.
In order to thoroughly understand the present invention, detailed method and step and/or structure will be proposed in following description.Obviously,
The execution of the present invention is not limited to specific details appreciated by those skilled in the art.Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is detailed
It is described as follows, but in addition to these describe in detail, the present invention can also have other embodiment.
It should be appreciated that the present invention can be implemented in different forms, and should not be construed as being limited to propose here
Embodiment.On the contrary, it is open thoroughly and complete to provide these embodiments will make, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to
Those skilled in the art.In the accompanying drawings, in order to clear, the size in Ceng He area and relative size may be exaggerated.From start to finish
Same reference numerals represent identical element.
It should be appreciated that when in this manual using term "comprising" and/or " inclusion ", it indicates that presence is described
Feature, entirety, step, operation, element and/or assembly, but do not preclude the presence or addition of other features one or more, entirety,
Step, operation, element, assembly and/or combinations thereof." one " of singulative, " one " and " described/should " be also intended to including
Plural form, unless context is expressly noted that other mode.
Incineration of refuse flyash is the molecule discharged in Refuse Incineration Process, wherein contains the things such as heavy metal, two English
Matter, belongs to hazardous waste.China《Hazardous Wastes Management technological policy for treatment》The 9th in (State Environmental Protection Administration, 2001)
The regulation to flying dust for the bar：The long-term storage in ground must not produced；Must not simply be disposed and be discharged.Garbage-incineration smoke purifying system
The bottom ash of system trapping thing and flue sedimentation constitutes flying dust, flying dust produce ground must carry out necessary stabilisation and cured it
After can transport, described stabilisation refer to using the materials such as the heavy metal in medicament and flying dust occur chemical reaction (such as dissolving,
Precipitation, chelating etc.), pollutant are transformed into the little material with stable chemical nature of dissolubility, described solidification refers to utilize pelletize
Equipment make stabilisation after flying dust molding and there is certain intensity.
The treatment technology of incineration of refuse flyash is a lot, mainly have cement solidification, chemical agent stabilisation, sour solvent to extract,
Melting and solidification etc..Wherein, due to having the advantages that stable chemical nature, non-secondary pollution problem, melting and solidification technology is considered
It is presently the most advanced flyash treatment method for waste incineration, minimizing, innoxious, resource all have great advantage.Should
Technology is under 1300 DEG C～1500 DEG C of hot conditionss, the Organic substance in flying dust is decomposed, gasifies, and inorganic matters are melt into glass
Glass matter slag.This technology can realize lime-ash volume reduction to greatest extent, realize heavy metal stabilization and thorough elimination two simultaneously
English pollutant, and the flying dust after vitrification can serve as building or paveio(u)r, have effectively achieved the resource profit of waste
With.
Because the requirement to high temperature and reducing atmosphere for the melting and solidification technology is higher, technology widely used at present mainly includes
Oxygen-enriched coke technology, electric fusion technology and plasma melting technology etc..Oxygen-enriched coke technology is mainly derived from Ferrous Metallurgy technology,
This technology relies primarily on the high temperature that coke produces under oxygen enriched environment and is melted flying dust, and the consumption of STRENGTH ON COKE is higher.Electricity
Fusion technology adopts electric heater substitute for coke to produce thermal source, but there is a problem of that equipment corrodes, heating element heater changes complexity.Deng
Ion fusion technology is broadly divided into torch technology and arc technology, and the former relies primarily on the high-temperature gas of plasma torch generation to material
Heated, the latter is heated to material by the high-temperature electric arc that negative and positive interpolar produces.Because plasma melting technology has
The advantages of energy efficiency is high, production process cleans, do not use coke, is currently paid attention to by more and more researcheres.
But, also there is obvious defect in existing plasma fusing fly ash processing method and processing device.Existing plasma
Adopting the plasma torch technology of metal electrode fusing fly ash processing meanss, furnace interior has multiple layer refractory, insulation material more
As furnace lining.Although this device can process the flying dust of consumer waste incineration generation, however it is necessary that substantial amounts of auxiliary gas and water
Cold, lead to the thermal efficiency of plasma melting stove to reduce, power consumption increases, and easily causes cooling water to leak into plasma melting
In stove, bring safety problem.Because in flying dust, chlorinity is higher, therefore stove is contained within substantial amounts of hydrogen chloride gas, leads to metal
Electrode is easily corroded.In addition, in flue gas of refuse burning processing procedure, using dry method/semidry method deacidification technique, making in rubbish
Chlorine gather in flying dust, but be released again in plasma melting stove and change into hydrogen chloride, if adopt again dry method/
Semidry method deacidification technique collects chlorine, not only causes operating cost to increase, and produces substantial amounts of secondary flying ash, increased gas and shows
Heat loss, reduces the thermal efficiency, increases processing cost.Therefore, for fusing fly ash technology, existing plasma treatment work
Skill, does not fundamentally solve the handling problems of flying dust, and produces a large amount of secondary pollutions, such as hydrogen chloride etc..
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of thermal efficiency height, compact conformation, can fundamentally solve
Incineration of refuse flyash minimizing, innoxious, resource plasma melting processing system.This plasma melting processing system adopts
Based on the fusing fly ash technology of plasma arc technology, realize maximum incineration of refuse flyash minimizing, innoxious, resource
Change, coordinate perfect technique, make the discharge standard that standard limit of smog release is higher than European Union 2010；Plasma gasification melting operation temperature
Degree is usually 1500 DEG C about it is sufficient to decompose all of Organic substance completely, and can will form the organic molecule of two English
Thoroughly break up, thus the generation of two English has been prevented from source；Under the hot environment of plasma melting stove, institute's organic/inorganic substance
Fully melt, harmful heavy metal is evenly distributed in hot slag, when thermosol slag discharges plasma melting furnace rear, be quickly cooled to glass
Glass form, all heavy metals are cured in the middle of vitreous body it is impossible to ooze out, thus reaching the effect that lime-ash goes to poison；Using salt
Harmful secondary pollution is fundamentally changed into product by acid recovery technology.
As shown in figure 1, incineration of refuse flyash plasma melting processing system proposed by the present invention includes：Feed arrangement, etc.
Ion melting furnace, dual firing chamber, chilling tower, activated carbon injection apparatus, sack cleaner, salt acid generator, wet scrubbing tower, steam
Heater, air-introduced machine etc..
The flying dust being produced Refuse Incineration Process by feed arrangement and the additive including such as sand are by certain
After ratio mix homogeneously, send into plasma melting stove.Flying dust is stored in flying dust storehouse, and additive is stored in additive bin, by unloading
Flying dust in flying dust storehouse is delivered to flying dust metering device and is carried out flying dust and weighs by material valve, will be added by discharge valve and conveying worm
Additive in agent storehouse is delivered to additive metering device and is added agent and weighs, and flying dust metering device and additive metering device are only
Erect and put.Flying dust after mix homogeneously and additive are sent into from the top of plasma melting stove via batcher etc. by a certain percentage
Ion melting furnace, meanwhile, the working gas for producing reducing atmosphere also sends into plasma by the top of plasma melting stove
Melting furnace, described working gas adopts nitrogen.
Plasma result from the continuous consumption positioned at stove top graphite electrode and be located at furnace bottom electrode it
Between, usual nitrogen is as plasma process gas.It is micro-negative pressure operation in plasma melting stove, in stove, refractory material is water cooled
But, to reduce the erosion to refractory material in stove of melten glass liquid and plasma to greatest extent.Inputted by feed arrangement
The high-temperature electric arc of produced by plasma 5000 DEG C～8000 DEG C of mixing material melts rapidly, and the melten glass liquid of formation has
Electric conductivity, the temperature of melten glass liquid in stove is maintained 1450 DEG C～1600 DEG C by the resistance heat of generation and plasma jointly.
The glass dregs outlet continuous overflow from plasma melting stove bottom for the melten glass liquid is come out of the stove, cooled acquisition glass
Slag.The metal reclaiming is discharged out of the furnace by the regulus outlet of plasma melting stove bottom, cooled acquisition metal alloy.Flying dust
Two interior English are destroyed by the ultraviolet rays of high-temperature plasma and its generation and melten glass liquid almost all.Plasma melting
The flow melting the flue gas of stove generation is very low, and flying dust per ton about produces 200Nm3Flue gas, from the top of plasma furnace discharge
Flue gas temperature at 1200 DEG C about.
The flue gas discharged from the top of plasma melting stove is admitted to the bottom of dual firing chamber, under 1100 DEG C about of high temperature
By exhaustive oxidations such as CO, the CH4 in flue gas.For avoiding the generation again of two English, the flue gas discharged from the top of dual firing chamber will
It is cooled to rapidly 180 DEG C～200 DEG C in chilling tower.Subsequently, by activated carbon injection apparatus, activated carbon is injected and connect chilling
Tower and the flue of sack cleaner, to absorb micro two English that may be formed again in flue gas.All of secondary flying ash
(flying dust not being melted that includes being carried by flue gas, salt of volatilization etc.) will be caught by the bag filter in sack cleaner
Obtain, secondary flying ash typically may account for the 10% of the flying dust of input, in order to reduce the final disposal amount of secondary flying ash it would be desirable to essence
Really control the furnace pressure of plasma melting furnace, part secondary flying ash is re-melted simultaneously, be so possible to by secondary flying ash
Control eventually and put into 3% about (concrete numerical value is relevant with the component putting into flying dust) of flying dust.
Through the filtration of sack cleaner, flue gas becomes clean, thus being conducive to in salt acid generator recovered flue gas
Hydrogen chloride gas.It is 22%～31% (wt/wt) by the concentration of hydrochloric acid that salt acid generator reclaims, its concrete numerical value depends on flying
The setting value of content of Cl element and salt acid generator in ash.The flue gas discharged from salt acid generator top enters wet scrubbing tower
Bottom, the SO containing in flue gas2Unabsorbed hydrogen chloride gas are neutralized by NaOH solution on a small quantity.Finally, dustless anacidity
Clean flue gas first pass through steam heater heating and are incorporated to discharge after waste incineration main flue gas cleaning system is processed via air-introduced machine again.
Flue gas to unsaturation temperature range, are made flue gas not produce white haze by steam heater.Summer outdoor temperature is higher, humidity
Little, the concentration of white haze and diffusion area limited, can depend on the circumstances whether using steam heater, by arranging steam heat-exchanging
Device bypass valve is controlling the opening and closing of steam heater.
According to the present invention it is possible to melt the incineration of refuse flyash being classified as hazardous waste, change into nontoxic glass
Body and hydrochloric acid, farthest realize the minimizing of incineration of refuse flyash, innoxious and resource.
Compared to existing technology, the incineration of refuse flyash plasma melting processing system that the present invention provides has advantages below：
(1) using the plasma arc technology based on graphite electrode, without water-cooled, heat loss is less, thus producing height for electrode
Point thermal conversion efficiency, so that the operating cost that flying dust is processed is substantially reduced, and do not have water and leak in plasma melting stove,
Therefore safer；
(2) using the plasma arc technology based on graphite electrode, using very small amount of working gas, two are on the one hand reduced
The yield of secondary flying dust, on the other hand reduces the sensible heat loss of gas, improves the thermal efficiency；
(3) using the hydrogen chloride gas producing during HCl recovery technical finesse fusing fly ash it is not necessary to separately use
Deacidification technique, saves operating cost, and harmful secondary pollution is changed into production marketing.
The present invention is illustrated by above-described embodiment, but it is to be understood that, above-described embodiment is only intended to
Citing and descriptive purpose, and be not intended to limit the invention in described scope of embodiments.In addition people in the art
Member, it is understood that the invention is not limited in above-described embodiment, can also make more kinds of according to the teachings of the present invention
Variants and modifications, within these variants and modifications all fall within scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention by
The appended claims and its equivalent scope are defined.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of incineration of refuse flyash plasma melting processing system is it is characterised in that described system entering of including being sequentially connected
Material device, plasma melting stove, dual firing chamber, chilling tower, activated carbon injection apparatus, sack cleaner, salt acid generator, wet method are washed
Wash tower, steam heater and air-introduced machine.
2. system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described feed arrangement includes flying dust storehouse, additive bin, discharging
Valve, conveying worm, flying dust metering device, additive metering device and batcher.
3. system according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that sent the flying dust in described flying dust storehouse by described discharge valve
Carry out flying dust to described flying dust metering device to weigh, by described discharge valve and described conveying worm by described additive bin
Additive deliver to described additive metering device and be added agent and weigh, described flying dust metering device and the metering of described additive
Device is independently arranged.
4. system according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that the flying dust after mix homogeneously and additive warp by a certain percentage
Described plasma melting stove is sent into from the top of described plasma melting stove by described batcher.
5. system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the plasma in described plasma melting stove results from position
Between the graphite electrode and the electrode being located at furnace bottom of the continuous consumption of stove top, the high temperature that described plasma produces
Electric arc makes the mixing material inputting by described feed arrangement melt rapidly formation melten glass liquid.
6. system according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that described melten glass liquid has electric conductivity, described melting glass
The temperature of described melten glass liquid is maintained 1450 DEG C～1600 DEG C by the resistance heat that glass liquid produces and described plasma jointly.
7. system according to claim 1 it is characterised in that from the top of described plasma melting stove discharge flue gas quilt
Send into the bottom of described dual firing chamber, by CO the and CH4 exhaustive oxidation in described flue gas under 1100 DEG C of high temperature.
8. system according to claim 1 it is characterised in that from the top of described dual firing chamber discharge flue gas in described urgency
It is cooled to rapidly 180 DEG C～200 DEG C, to avoid the generation again of two English in cold tower.
9. system according to claim 1 connects institute it is characterised in that activated carbon is injected by described activated carbon injection apparatus
State chilling tower and the flue of described sack cleaner, to absorb micro two English being formed again in described flue gas.
10. system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that all of secondary flying ash is by described sack cleaner
Bag filter captures, and described secondary flying ash includes the flying dust not being melted being carried by described flue gas.
11. systems according to claim 1 are it is characterised in that reclaimed in described flue gas by described salt acid generator
Hydrogen chloride gas, the concentration of hydrochloric acid of recovery is 22%～31% (wt/wt).
12. systems according to claim 1 are it is characterised in that in described wet scrubbing tower, contain in described flue gas
SO2Neutralized by NaOH solution with the hydrogen chloride gas of residual.
13. systems according to claim 1 are it is characterised in that the flue gas discharged from described wet scrubbing tower first passes through institute
State steam heater heating and be incorporated to discharge after waste incineration main flue gas cleaning system is processed via described air-introduced machine again.
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| CN106755665A (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2017-05-31 | 中冶赛迪上海工程技术有限公司 | A kind of utilization high-temperature slag processes the device and method of incineration of refuse flyash |
| CN106895412A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-06-27 | 金圆水泥股份有限公司 | A kind of method of utilization cement kiln two-part disposal of solid castoff burning flying dust |
| CN107008127A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-04 | 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 | A kind of wet cleaning technique of plasma fusing fly ash tail gas |
| CN107030093A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-11 | 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 | One kind combines washing and plasma fusion handles flying ash system |
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| CN112122307A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-25 | 上海灿州环境工程有限公司 | Dangerous waste plasma melting treatment system |
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| CN113070318A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-07-06 | 宁波市北仑环保固废处置有限公司 | Method and device for innocent treatment of fly ash |
| CN113798307A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-17 | 浙江伊诺环保科技股份有限公司 | Fly ash high-temperature melting recycling treatment process |
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Application publication date: 20170215 |