CN103666573B - Pressurized gasification process and system for gasifying solid waste through plasma fixed bed - Google Patents
Pressurized gasification process and system for gasifying solid waste through plasma fixed bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN103666573B CN103666573B CN201310654993.XA CN201310654993A CN103666573B CN 103666573 B CN103666573 B CN 103666573B CN 201310654993 A CN201310654993 A CN 201310654993A CN 103666573 B CN103666573 B CN 103666573B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pressurized gasification process and a system thereof for gasifying solid wastes by a plasma fixed bed. The process comprises the steps of feeding solid waste into a plasma fixed bed gasification furnace, reacting with a gasification agent under the action of a plasma torch to generate crude synthesis gas and molten slag, and further treating the crude synthesis gas and the molten slag. The invention has the advantages of simple process, simple and convenient operation, large treatment capacity, wide raw material applicability, uniform distribution of gasification temperature field, energy saving, consumption reduction and environmental friendliness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gasifying process and system, specifically the pressure gasification process of plasma body fixed bed gasification solid waste and system.
Background technology
At present, treatment principle for solid waste (municipal wastes, industrial refuse, clinical waste, other poisonous and harmful refuses etc.) is innoxious, minimizing and resource utilization, processing mode mainly contains three kinds: sanitary landfill, compost and burning electricity generation, these three kinds of modes, except there is its intrinsic shortcoming and defect, all have a strong impact on environment.Therefore, research and develop a kind of environmental protection new technology for solid waste disposal, reduce as far as possible and eliminate the problem of environmental pollution caused in its treating processes, become the research topic that current solid refuse process field one is new.
Plasma gasification technology is a kind of brand new technical grown up in recent years.Different with general incineration technology, adopt plasma gasification technical finesse solid waste, the high strength thermal source (more than 5500 DEG C) that utilizes plasmatorch to produce as one of the thermal source of vapourizing furnace, due to its high temperature and high heat density, almost the organism in solid waste can be gasified totally and change into synthetic gas (is mainly CO and H
2), inorganics then becomes harmless vitreum lime-ash, can realize " zero release " of solid waste disposal process contaminant.Plasma gasification technology had the features such as treatment scheme is short, efficiency is high, applied widely for the treatment of each pollutant, specific as follows: 1. can to process poisonous, harmful dangerous and unhazardous waste, comprise organic, inorganic, gas, liquid and solid; 2. can change into nontoxic fully, safely by toxic waste and have the product of use value; 3. the strictest emission standard is met, green qualified discharge (two English, heavy metal are far below EU criteria); 4. process obtains synthetic gas through purifying treatment, can be used for production chemical product or for generating and heat supply etc.
At present, the process that plasma gasification technology is applied to solid waste is existing industrialization running gear abroad, but processing power is on the low side, and maximum throughput is less than 300t/d, and slower development in recent years.The research of domestic plasma gasification technology mainly lays particular emphasis on material processing technique technology, in process solid waste, Chinese Academy of Sciences's mechanics carried out the fundamental research of applicability, build up the experiment line of the plasma treatment medical waste of a 3t/d in laboratory, and build up the production line of the plasma treatment Hazardous wastes of 2 5-10t/d with business tie-up.In addition, Institutes Of Technology Of Taiyuan, Tsing-Hua University, Dalian University of Technology etc. mainly lay particular emphasis on the plasma gasification technical study of coal, Wuhan Kai Di Utilities Electric Co. lays particular emphasis on the plasma gasification technological development of biomass, and the electric sky of China, Wuhan and company then lay particular emphasis on the research and development of plasmatorch.
The current shortcoming and defect that mainly there is the following aspects in the development & application of plasma gasification technology both at home and abroad: 1. because vapor pressure is pressure-fired, processing power is generally on the low side; 2. material handling kind is partially single, and adaptability to raw material is wideless; 3. gasification temperature field distribution is uneven, and tar and two English are difficult to eliminate completely; 4. plasmatorch utilising efficiency is low, and current consumption is large, and energy consumption is higher; 5. invest higher, system reliability is not high, less economical.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to solve the problems of the technologies described above, providing that a kind of technique is simple, easy and simple to handle, treatment capacity is large, adaptability to raw materials is wide, gasification temperature field distribution is even, the pressure gasification process of environment amenable plasma body fixed bed gasification solid waste.
The present invention also provides a kind of system for above-mentioned technique, has that structure is simple, energy consumption is low, a facility investment and running cost is low, the uniform advantage of gasification temperature field distribution.
Present system comprises pressurized gasification system, slag Quench and dreg removing system, crude synthesis gas Quench and washing system, described pressurized gasification system is plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace, described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace comprises the body of heater that middle part is provided with material inlet, top is provided with crude synthesis gas outlet, bottom is provided with slag exit, and the upper and lower of described body of heater is equipped with plasmatorch.
Described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace top arranges 1 ~ 3 plasmatorch, body of heater cross section circularizes uniform arrangement (as in single or just to or equilateral triangle arrangement), its spout is tilted to down, becomes 60 ~ 90 ° with body of heater axis; Described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace bottom arranges 3 ~ 6 plasmatorchs, body of heater cross section circularizes uniform arrangement (as in equilateral triangle or square or regular pentagon or regular hexagon arrangement), its spout is tilted to down, becomes 45 ~ 60 ° with body of heater axis.
Described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace is pyramid type structure, and top cross-section diameter is greater than bottom section diameter, and the inclined coning angle of top and bottom margin line and body of heater axis is at 5 ~ 30 °; Described plasma body fixed bed gasification body of heater middle and upper part arranges 1 ~ 3 material inlet, and described material inlet is tilted to down, becomes 45 ~ 60 ° with gasification body of heater axis; Described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace middle and lower part also arranges 2 ~ 4 vaporized chemical imports, and described vaporized chemical import is tilted to down, becomes 60 ~ 90 ° with body of heater axis.
Described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace top single plasmatorch power 20 ~ 300KW, bottom single plasmatorch power 100 ~ 1000KW.
Described slag Quench and dreg removing system comprise the shock chamber and dreg-locking hopper that are connected successively with the slag exit of plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace; Described crude synthesis gas Quench and washing system comprise the Quench tank, Venturi scrubber and the washing tower that export with the crude synthesis gas of plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace and be connected successively.
The inlet mouth place of described Quench tank is provided with annular Quench nozzle.
In the present invention, plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace is called for short vapourizing furnace, 1 ~ 3 20 ~ 300KW plasmatorch that described vapourizing furnace top is arranged is used for the organism such as the tar that may carry in the crude synthesis gas of gasification generation and two English to decompose, due to the producible high strength thermal source of plasmatorch, core temperature can reach more than 5000 DEG C, lip temperature is more than 2000 DEG C, crude synthesis gas flows through this regional temperature and controls more than 1200 DEG C, the residence time controls at >=1s, the larger molecular organicses such as the tar carried in crude synthesis gas and two English can be ensured to decompose removing fully completely, environmentally friendly.
3 ~ 6 100 ~ 1000KW plasmatorchs that described vapourizing furnace bottom is arranged are used for the lime-ash in solid waste to dissolve completely, form molten state, flow into shock chamber, become vitreum slag to discharge molten state lime-ash Quench by the outlet of vapourizing furnace bottom dross.Further, further optimization has been carried out to the layout of the plasmatorch of vapourizing furnace top and bottom and spout angle, has made it uniform on same cross section, and spray angle is tilted to down.Plasmatorch angle of inclination, vapourizing furnace top preferably becomes 60 ~ 90 ° with body of heater axis, its objective is to make synthetic gas have enough residence time in the stokehold that goes out to gasify under the homogeneous energy effect of the high temperature high energy of plasmatorch, angle is excessive or too smallly all may make energy skewness, or cause the crude synthesis gas residence time insufficient, the organism such as two English cannot fully decompose, or overstand, cause unnecessary energy wastage; The plasmatorch of vapourizing furnace bottom becomes 45 ~ 60 ° with body of heater axis, its objective is to make the solid waste of charging melt completely, angle is excessive or too smallly all can make energy skewness, or causes solid waste to melt not exclusively, or causes unnecessary energy wastage.By reasonable setting and the installation of the plasmatorch of vapourizing furnace upper and lower, uniform temperature fields distribution in final guarantee vapourizing furnace, improves gasification efficiency.
Preferably gasification body of heater is designed to pyramid type structure, its top cross-section diameter is made to be greater than bottom section diameter, the inclined coning angle of top and bottom margin line and gasification body of heater axis is at 5 ~ 30 °, the vapourizing furnace of this pyramid type structure is except adapting to the volume feature of material under different states, outside rational and efficient use vapourizing furnace space, to more be conducive to high-temperature zone to concentrate at furnace bottom, avoid the loss of stove inner bottom part slag area temperature, also be beneficial to the combustion oxidation district of solid waste above slag area and oxygenant reacts, improve reaction efficiency.Described oxygenant can select the mixture of conventional oxygen or oxygen-rich air and water vapor, and those skilled in the art can regulate the concentration of oxygen enrichment and the blending ratio of oxygen or oxygen-rich air and water vapor according to actual needs, are not described further at this.
Because the abundant decomposition temperature of the larger molecular organicses such as tar and two English is more than 1100 DEG C, therefore described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace top single plasmatorch power is without the need to too high, at 20 ~ 300KW, and the single plasmatorch power in bottom should be 100 ~ 1000KW, to ensure that the lime-ash in solid waste enough dissolves by temperature in bottom dross district completely, form molten state.
Described gasification stove internal wall can be coil pipe film water cold wall structure, uniform application one deck refractory coating on water wall, and coated material can be silicon carbide or other equal high temperature materials, coat-thickness 10 ~ 150mm.Water wall, to fiery side welding slag nail, is preferably heat resisting stainless material, for the refractory materials of fixing coating; and refractory materials is cooled, in operational process, refractory surface can form solid slag blanket and liquid slag layer; realize " with slag anti-slag ", the object of protection water wall.
Arranging of described Quench nozzle is on the one hand to carry out preliminary Quench to the crude synthesis gas entering Quench tank; can make the wall of Quench tank ingress to cover the uniform cold water moisture film of one deck on the other hand; while Quench synthetic gas, protection local wall is not burnt.
The pressure gasification process of plasma body fixed bed gasification solid waste of the present invention is, solid waste is joined plasma body fixed bed gasification furnace bottom by material inlet, vaporized chemical is passed into by vaporized chemical import, under the high temperature high energy effect of lower portion of furnace body plasmatorch, solid waste and vaporized chemical react, generate crude synthesis gas and molten state lime-ash, described molten state lime-ash is discharged by the slag exit of bottom of furnace body and is flowed into slag Quench and dreg removing system; Described crude synthesis gas rises to upper of furnace body, is again acted on after the larger molecular organics matter such as the tar that makes to carry in crude synthesis gas and two English decompose by the plasmatorch of upper of furnace body, then is exported by crude synthesis gas and send into synthetic gas Quench and washing system.
The gasification reaction pressure 0.3 ~ 4.5MPaG of described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace, material, at gasification residing time in furnace 1 ~ 15min, controls the gas temperature of crude synthesis gas outlet at 1200 ~ 1250 DEG C.
Described bottom of furnace body molten state lime-ash enters into after the shock chamber be connected with bottom vapourizing furnace carries out Quench through slag exit, then cools to 60 ~ 100 DEG C of discharges further by dreg-locking hopper; Described crude synthesis gas is sent into Quench tank from crude synthesis gas outlet and is carried out water-bath type Quench to 100 ~ 250 DEG C, then after Venturi scrubber washing, sends into the further scrubbing dust collection of washing tower again to dustiness≤1mg/Nm
3synthesis pneumatic transmission downstream unit.
Described crude synthesis gas sends into Quench tank from crude synthesis gas outlet, sends into Quench tank and carry out water-bath type Quench to 100 ~ 250 DEG C after the ingress of Quench tank is cooled to 400 ~ 600 DEG C by the chilled water that Quench nozzle sprays.
Solid waste is processed using plasmatorch as high temperature heat source in the present invention, there is the features such as treatment scheme is short, efficiency is high, applied widely, plasmatorch is located at vapourizing furnace upper and lower, in stove, produce high temperature makes solid waste at high temperature gasify and generate slag, this reaction process is safe and reliable: top plasmatorch can ensure that vapourizing furnace exiting syngas does not carry the objectionable impurities such as tar and two English, ensures that product gas is clean; Bottom plasmatorch can ensure that the lime-ash in stove solid waste can be fused into molten state completely, is convenient to Quench and becomes vitreum slag, effectively prevent heavy metal contamination.The acting in conjunction of upper and lower plasmatorch, makes to form four regions in vapourizing furnace from the bottom to top, i.e. slag area, combustion oxidation district, gasification reduction zone and dry distillation zone.Solid waste is in combustion gasification district and oxidant reaction, and the gas of generation rises and finally obtains crude synthesis gas through gasification reduction zone and dry distillation zone, and the melting under the high temperature of slag area at plasmatorch of the lime-ash in solid waste forms molten slag.
Further, improving gasification operation pressure is 0.3 ~ 4.5MpaG, preferably 1.0 ~ 4.5MpaG.Gasification process solid waste ability is increased, and separate unit vapourizing furnace enters stove inventory nominal capacity can reach 200 ~ 1500t/d.
Because vapourizing furnace gasification result of the present invention is good, efficiency is high, and the solid waste of charging only needs to be crushed to 5 ~ 150mm particle size range, and adaptability to raw material is wide, particularly can process various high ash content high ash melting point solid waste, as the various metallurgical slags etc. of smeltery.
Further, can add solubility promoter as required to reduce the ash fusion point of solid waste and to increase the mobility of slag, described solubility promoter can Wingdale, silicon oxide or have the material of same function.After adding solubility promoter, reduce feed solids refuse ash fusion point and increase slag fluidity, gasification reaction temperature can be reduced, and then minimizing vapourizing furnace bottom is used for the plasmatorch power of slag, thus save power consumption.
Described material is at gasification residing time in furnace 1 ~ 15min, preferably 5 ~ 10min.Time, the too short material reaction that may cause was incomplete, the long waste that may cause energy; Further control crude synthesis gas Outlet Gas Temperature is at 1200 ~ 1250 DEG C, thus the crude synthesis gas realizing out vapourizing furnace does not carry the material such as tar and two English, the object of product gas cleaning.
The concrete beneficial effect of the present invention is summarized as follows:
1. method of the present invention improves gasification operation pressure, and vapourizing furnace processing power is increased, and single stove nominal maximum processing capability can reach 1500t/d;
2. method gasification reaction temperature of the present invention is high, and adaptability to raw material is wide, particularly can process various high ash content high ash melting point solid waste.
3. method of the present invention is provided with plasmatorch respectively in vapourizing furnace upper and lower, and top plasmatorch can ensure that vapourizing furnace exiting syngas does not carry the material such as tar and two English, and product gas is clean; Bottom plasmatorch can ensure that the lime-ash in stove solid waste can be fused into molten state completely, is convenient to Quench and becomes vitreum slag, effectively can prevent heavy metal contamination.
4. the present invention is to the setting of gasification furnace raw material import, vaporized chemical import, crude synthesis gas outlet, slag exit and plasmatorch, ensure that uniform distribution of temperature field in vapourizing furnace, effectively improves gasification efficiency.
5. the present invention is to vapourizing furnace outlet high-temperature crude synthesis gas after pneumatic tube end adopts water spray Quench, then enters Quench tank and carries out water-bath Quench, good cooling effect, can reduce one-time investment simultaneously.
6. in vapourizing furnace of the present invention, nothing supports or drive disk assembly, and maintenance is few, effectively can ensure the long-term operation of vapourizing furnace.
7. method environmental protection of the present invention, gasification does not produce the pollutents such as tar, naphthalene, phenol, therefore waste water treatment is simple, easy qualified discharge; What high temperature was discharged melts slag, and form vitreum slag after Quench solidification, stable in properties, can be used for material of construction, during landfill on environment also without affecting.
8. simple, the system operation flexible and convenient of technical process of the present invention, running cost is low, safe and reliable, energy-saving and cost-reducing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the inventive method process flow sheet and system diagram;
Fig. 2 is plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace vertical view of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-vapourizing furnace, 1.1-material inlet, the import of 1.2-vaporized chemical, 1.3-plasmatorch, 1.4-plasmatorch, 1.5-water wall, the outlet of 1.6-crude synthesis gas, 1.7-slag exit, 1.8-body of heater; 2-shock chamber; 3-dreg-locking hopper; 4-pulp water recycle pump; 5-slag water cooler; 6-Quench tank, 6.1-annular Quench nozzle; 7-strainer; 8-Venturi scrubber; 9-washing tower; 10-Quench water pump.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, explanation is further explained to the present invention:
With reference to Fig. 1, vapourizing furnace 1(is plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace) bottom slag exit 1.7 be connected with shock chamber 2 and dreg-locking hopper 3 successively, post-decompression vitreum slag will be cooled and discharge system, described dreg-locking hopper 3 is also connected with shock chamber 2 with slag water cooler 5 through pulp water recycle pump 4, for for shock chamber 2 is for while slag chilled water, also carry out active set slag for dreg-locking hopper 3; The crude synthesis gas outlet at vapourizing furnace 1 top 1.6 is connected with washing tower 9 with Quench tank 6, Venturi scrubber 8 successively, send downstream unit to use after the crude synthesis gas of generation of being gasified by vapourizing furnace 1 carries out Quench and scrubbing dust collection; Washing tower 9 outlet at bottom is connected with Quench tank 6 and strainer 7 respectively through Quench water pump 10 successively, described strainer 7 is connected with the annular Quench nozzle 6.1 at Quench tank 6 inlet mouth place, portion of washing water is directly as the Quench make up water of Quench tank, another part washing water are then sprayed water as the Quench of Quench nozzle 6.1, for carrying out Quench in advance to the crude synthesis gas going out vapourizing furnace 1 in advance.In addition, in order to gathering of anti-locking system inner salt class material, cause the problem such as pipeline and equipment scaling obstruction, bottom washing tower 9, remaining part washing water are sent to water treatment operation and process together with the chilled water bottom Quench tank 6.Meanwhile, in order to the water balance in keeping system, by washing tower 9 upper supplementary process water, simultaneously as the washing water of washing synthetic gas.
With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, arrange 2 material inlets 1.1 under being tilted in the middle part of the body of heater 1.8 of described vapourizing furnace 1, described material inlet 1.1 becomes 45 ~ 60 ° with gasification body of heater axis; Described body of heater 1.8 middle and lower part (between material inlet 1.1 and the ion torch 1.3 of bottom) arranges 4 vaporized chemical imports 1.2, and described vaporized chemical import 1.2 is tilted to down, becomes 60 ~ 90 ° with gasification body of heater axis; Described body of heater 1.8 top arranges 3 plasmatorchs 1.3, and its spout is tilted to down, becomes 60 ~ 90 ° with gasification body of heater axis; Body of heater 1.8 bottom is provided with 3 plasmatorch interfaces 1.4, and its spout is tilted to down, becomes 45 ~ 60 ° with gasification body of heater axis; Described body of heater 1.8 inwall is coil pipe membrane wall 1.5; Described body of heater 1.8 top is crude synthesis gas outlet 1.6, and bottom is slag exit 1.7.
1 ~ 3 20 ~ 300KW plasmatorch 1.3 that described vapourizing furnace 1 top is evenly arranged on same cross section is for decomposing organism such as the tar carried in the crude synthesis gas of gasification generation and two English.Due to the producible high strength thermal source of plasmatorch, core temperature can reach more than 5000 DEG C, lip temperature is more than 2000 DEG C, crude synthesis gas flows through this regional temperature and controls more than 1200 DEG C, the residence time controls, at >=1s, the larger molecular organicses such as the tar carried in crude synthesis gas and two English can be ensured to decompose removing fully completely.
3 ~ 6 100 ~ 1000KW plasmatorchs 1.4 that described vapourizing furnace 1 bottom is evenly arranged on same cross section are for dissolving the lime-ash in solid waste completely, form molten state, flow into shock chamber 2 by slag notch bottom vapourizing furnace, discharge after molten state lime-ash Quench is become vitreum slag.
Technological process and method:
After feed solids refuse is crushed to 5 ~ 150mm particle diameter, after being forced into 0.3 ~ 4.5MPaG by feeding unit, be sent in vapourizing furnace 1 by material inlet 1.1, material, at gasification residing time in furnace 1 ~ 15min, controls the gas temperature at syngas outlet 1.6 place of thick vapourizing furnace 1 at 1200 ~ 1250 DEG C; Meanwhile, vaporized chemical is sent in vapourizing furnace 1 by vaporized chemical import 1.2, carries out gasification reaction with solid waste, and described vaporized chemical can be oxygen-rich air+water vapor or purity oxygen+water vapor.Lime-ash in solid waste can be fused into molten state by vapourizing furnace 1 bottom plasmatorch 1.4 completely, and flow into shock chamber 2 by the slag exit 1.7 bottom vapourizing furnace 1, in shock chamber 2, Quench forms vitreum slag, then to be cooled further discharge system after 60 ~ 100 DEG C by the dreg removing system of dreg-locking hopper 3.The larger molecular organics matter such as the tar that may carry in crude synthesis gas and two English can thoroughly be decomposed by the plasmatorch 1.3 on vapourizing furnace 1 top, and send into Quench tank 6 again after being cooled to 400 ~ 600 DEG C by the chilled water that the ingresss that the crude synthesis gas of top of gasification furnace outlet 1.6 imports to Quench tank 6 first spray through annular Quench nozzle 6.1 and carry out water-bath type Quench to 100 ~ 250 DEG C, then send into again after Venturi scrubber 8 washs washing tower 9 further scrubbing dust collection to dustiness≤1mg/Nm
3synthesis pneumatic transmission lower procedure.The portion of washing water flowed out bottom washing tower 9 sends into Quench tank 6 through Quench water pump 10, and the annular Quench nozzle 6.1 that another part washing water are sent to Quench tank 6 inlet mouth place through Quench water pump 10, strainer 7 uses as chilled water.Remaining part washing water are sent to water treatment operation and process together with the chilled water bottom Quench tank 6.
Gasifier water-cooling wall 1.5 is coil pipe film water cold wall structure, uniform application one deck silicon carbide or other equal high temperature material coatings on water wall 1.5, coat-thickness 10 ~ 150mm; Water wall 1.5 is to fiery side welding slag nail; slag nail material is heat resisting stainless steel; for the refractory materials of fixing coating; and refractory materials is cooled; in gasifier operation process; refractory surface can form solid slag blanket and liquid slag layer, realizes " with slag anti-slag ", and protection water wall 1.5 is not by high temperature scaling loss.
Reaction process in vapourizing furnace 1:
Solid waste under the effect of plasmatorch high temperature high energy, to react generation high-temperature crude synthesis gas with vaporized chemical in plasma gasification stove 1, gasification reaction pressure 0.1 ~ 4.5MpaG in vapourizing furnace.Vapourizing furnace of the present invention is plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace, solid waste is from the bottom up successively through four reaction beds: 1. slag area: the ash melting in solid waste is formed molten slag by the high temperature high energy utilizing plasma gasification stove 1 bottom plasmatorch 1.4 to produce, after shock chamber bottom vapourizing furnace 2 Quench, form vitreous state slag discharge gasified boiler system, this zone leveling temperature can up to more than 1600 DEG C; 2. combustion oxidation district: solid waste and vaporized chemical rapidly oxidizing reaction occur in this region, generate carbon monoxide and carbonic acid gas, release a large amount of heat, temperature of reaction can reach 1400 ~ 1600 DEG C simultaneously; 3. to gasify reduction zone: from carbonic acid gas and the water vapor in combustion oxidation district, a series of heat absorptivity occurs in this region and solid waste and to gasify reduction reaction, generate with CO and H
2be main crude synthesis gas, this regional temperature can reach 1250 ~ 1400 DEG C; 4. dry distillation zone: the high-temperature gas generated from gasification furnace oxidation zone and reduction zone contacts with the solid waste added from vapourizing furnace middle and upper part, carries out destructive distillation and dry reaction, and this regional temperature can reach 1100 ~ 1200 DEG C.Solid waste in vapourizing furnace after above four reaction beds, generate with CO and H
2it is main crude synthesis gas, again through vapourizing furnace 1 top, the larger molecular organics matter such as the tar that may carry in gas and two English are fully decomposed by the high temperature high energy produced by the plasmatorch 1.3 on top, control top of gasification furnace crude synthesis gas and export the crude synthesis gas temperature of 1.6 at 1200 ~ 1250 DEG C, to guarantee that the material such as tar and two English fully thoroughly decomposes.
Synthetic gas after scrubbing dust collection of the present invention can be used for combustion power generation or heat supply, Chemicals production, hydrogen manufacturing and preparing liquid fuel etc. by fed downstream device.
Claims (5)
1. the pressurized gasification system of a plasma body fixed bed gasification solid waste, comprise pressurized gasification system, slag Quench and dreg removing system, with crude synthesis gas Quench and washing system, it is characterized in that, described pressurized gasification system is plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace, described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace comprises middle part and is provided with material inlet, top is provided with crude synthesis gas outlet, bottom is provided with the body of heater of slag exit, the upper and lower of described body of heater is equipped with plasmatorch, described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace top arranges 1 ~ 3 plasmatorch, annular uniform arrangement on body of heater cross section, its spout is tilted to down, 60 ~ 90 ° are become with body of heater axis, described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace bottom arranges 3 ~ 6 plasmatorchs, annular uniform arrangement on body of heater cross section, and its spout is tilted to down, becomes 45 ~ 60 ° with body of heater axis, described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace is pyramid type structure, and top cross-section diameter is greater than bottom section diameter, and the inclined coning angle of top and bottom margin line and body of heater axis is at 5 ~ 30 °, arrange 1 ~ 3 material inlet in the middle part of described plasma body fixed bed gasification body of heater, described material inlet is tilted to down, becomes 45 ~ 60 ° with gasification body of heater axis, described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace middle and lower part also arranges 2 ~ 4 vaporized chemical imports, and described vaporized chemical import is tilted to down, becomes 60 ~ 90 ° with body of heater axis.
2. the pressurized gasification system of plasma body fixed bed gasification solid waste as claimed in claim 1, described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace top single plasmatorch power 20 ~ 300KW, bottom single plasmatorch power 100 ~ 1000KW.
3. the pressurized gasification system of plasma body fixed bed gasification solid waste as claimed in claim 1, described slag Quench and dreg removing system comprise the shock chamber and dreg-locking hopper that are connected successively with the slag exit of plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace; Described crude synthesis gas Quench and washing system comprise the Quench tank, Venturi scrubber and the washing tower that export with the crude synthesis gas of plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace and be connected successively.
4. the pressurized gasification system of plasma body fixed bed gasification solid waste as claimed in claim 3, the inlet mouth place of described Quench tank is provided with annular Quench nozzle.
5. the pressure gasification process of a plasma body fixed bed gasification solid waste, it is characterized in that, be that 5 ~ 150mm solid waste joins in plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace by material inlet by particle diameter, vaporized chemical is passed into by vaporized chemical import, under the high temperature high energy effect of lower portion of furnace body plasmatorch, solid waste and vaporized chemical react, and generate crude synthesis gas and molten state lime-ash, described molten state lime-ash is discharged by the slag exit of bottom of furnace body, flows into slag Quench and dreg removing system; Described crude synthesis gas rises to upper of furnace body, again acted on by the plasmatorch of upper of furnace body, make the tar that may carry in crude synthesis gas with after dioxin larger molecular organics matter fully decomposes, exported by crude synthesis gas again and send into synthetic gas Quench and washing system, the gasification reaction pressure 0.3 ~ 4.5MPaG of described plasma body fixed-bed gasification furnace, material, at gasification residing time in furnace 1 ~ 15min, controls the gas temperature of crude synthesis gas outlet at 1200 ~ 1250 DEG C; Described bottom of furnace body molten state lime-ash enters into after the shock chamber be connected with bottom vapourizing furnace carries out Quench through slag exit, then cools to 60 ~ 100 DEG C of discharges further by dreg-locking hopper; Described crude synthesis gas sends into Quench tank from crude synthesis gas outlet, 400 ~ 600 DEG C are cooled to by the chilled water that Quench nozzle sprays in the ingress of Quench tank, send into Quench tank again and carry out water-bath type Quench to 100 ~ 250 DEG C, then after Venturi scrubber washing, send into the further scrubbing dust collection of washing tower again to dustiness≤1mg/Nm
3synthesis pneumatic transmission downstream unit; The portion of washing water that described wash tower bottoms flows out is pumped into Quench tank directly as Quench make up water through chilled water, another part washing water are sent to the annular Quench nozzle at Quench canister incoming gas mouth place as the use of Quench water spray through Quench water pump, strainer, and remaining part washing water are sent to water treatment operation and process together with the chilled water of Quench pot bottom.
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| CN104449854A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-03-25 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Integrated garbage plasma gasifier with water-cooling wall |
| CN104449875B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-06-06 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | A kind of plasma asistance heats fusion and gasification reactor |
| CN108359499A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-03 | 中国石油化工科技开发有限公司 | Fixed-bed gasification furnace, process system and garbage gasifying method for refuse gasification |
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| CN110527559B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2024-02-09 | 刘冠诚 | Environment-friendly treatment furnace for plasma gasification molten tailings |
| CN111457385A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-07-28 | 上海第升环保科技有限公司 | Plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device for medical waste |
| CN113881460B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2024-04-02 | 中科等离子体科技(合肥)有限公司 | Multi-arc plasma gasification furnace |
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