CN206514306U - Solid waste classification gasification system - Google Patents
Solid waste classification gasification system Download PDFInfo
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- CN206514306U CN206514306U CN201621387162.6U CN201621387162U CN206514306U CN 206514306 U CN206514306 U CN 206514306U CN 201621387162 U CN201621387162 U CN 201621387162U CN 206514306 U CN206514306 U CN 206514306U
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 75
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- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of solid waste classification gasification system, it should be formed by connecting by feeding system, gravity flow moving bed gasification stove, high-temperature plasma torch, high temperature reformation purification furnace, primary air fan, the blower fan two of overfire air fan first and second, clean fuel gas air-introduced machine, heat recovery system, gas scrubbing tower, washing drying tower, degassing tower, the first foam removal demister, the second foam removal demister, the 3rd foam removal demister and fuel gas generation heating system.By reclaiming the heat needed for the reaction of moving bed gasification stove as much as possible installed in the heat-exchange system of plasmaassisted high temperature reformation purification furnace afterbody, improve the comprehensive utilization ratio of energy, it is to avoid secondary pollution or blockage problem that bioxin, gasification tar and (or) heavy metal etc. are caused.The system possesses that adaptability to raw material is wide, gasification efficiency is high, it is pollution-free, install and safeguard it is simple, the features such as easily promote.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a solid waste thermochemical treatment field especially relates to a system that high volatile solid waste such as municipal solid waste, crop straw, waste tire, waste plastics, medical waste, hazardous waste reforms and purifies to air, steam or their mixture are used as the gasification agent and are prepared clean gas and are used for electricity generation, heat supply.
Background
With the rapid growth of Chinese economy and the continuous improvement of urbanization level, the production amount of solid wastes, especially urban domestic wastes, also rapidly rises, and the dilemma of refuse city is seen in various places. Although the sanitary landfill and garbage incineration technology relieves the city surrounding situation of the domestic garbage to a certain extent, the sanitary landfill not only occupies a large amount of valuable land resources and wastes the energy of the garbage, but also can form a long-term pollution threat to water, atmosphere and soil; although by incineration methodsSo as to realize the reduction, the harmlessness and the resource utilization of the garbage treatment. However, the combustion flue gas released during incineration often contains hydrogen chloride (HCl) and sulfur and nitrogen oxides (SO)x，NOx) And dioxin (PCDDs/PCDFs) toxic and harmful substances, and the solid ash, particularly the fly ash, contains a large amount of heavy metals and dioxin, so that secondary pollution is easily caused if the solid ash is not treated properly. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that organic matters contained in the garbage are fully combusted, the load of downstream flue gas purification is increased due to excessive air, and the manufacturing and operating costs of equipment are increased.
The garbage gasification technology is called as the third generation solid waste treatment technology. In the early nineties, law, america, english, germany, switzerland, japan and sweden participated in the development of this technology and began to be popularized and applied in developed countries in the middle and late nineties. The (air) gasification process refers to the process of preparing combustible gas by thermochemical reaction of waste under anaerobic or anoxic conditions. The air quantity required by the system is less than that required by complete combustion, so that the gas quantity generated by the system is far lower than that generated in the incineration process, and the system is more beneficial to energy conservation and environmental protection. As a brand new waste treatment method, the gasification technology has the greatest advantage of overcoming the defect that Dioxin (Dioxin) is generated by an incineration method. At present, the emission standard of dioxin of the most advanced incineration facility in the world is about 0.1nmg/m3, while the emission standard of dioxin of the pyrolysis gasification technology has reached 0.01nmg/m 3.
Most of various gasification processes for treating solid wastes currently adopt a one-stage gasification and water washing or catalytic gas purification technology, and the defects of high content of substances such as tar and dioxin, difficulty in removal, particularly complex process and the like exist. Secondary water pollution is easy to generate by adopting a water washing process, and harmful substances contained in the gas are difficult to thoroughly remove; the catalytic cracking of harmful substances such as dioxin, tar and the like by using metals is difficult to popularize and apply in industrial practice due to the defects of short service life of the catalyst, high cost of catalyst materials, complex process route and the like. Regarding the type of reactor used in gasification technology, fixed bed (including rotary kiln, mechanical grate furnace), fluidized bed or plasma furnace are dominant, and chinese patent No. 103267293 (application No. 201310197237.9) discloses a garbage gasification furnace with a special structure, which uses a mechanical grate with a complex structure to control and adjust the residence time and residence time distribution of solid materials in the furnace. The reliability of the gasification furnace is difficult to guarantee under the environmental conditions of high temperature and corrosive atmosphere, and the operation and maintenance cost is increased. Fluidized bed gasification is difficult to adapt to the materials such as domestic garbage which are high in moisture content, irregular in shape, complex and changeable in raw material components, easy to melt or agglomerate and are not subjected to sorting and other pretreatment. In recent years, the high-temperature plasma gasification technology has general raw material adaptability, can rapidly treat solid wastes such as municipal domestic waste and the like on a large scale, and has been greatly developed in the solid waste treatment industry at home and abroad. However, the direct gasification of plasma requires a high-power plasma torch (plasma torch), and the power consumption rate of the plasma torch is as high as 30% -40% of the power generation amount of the plasma torch. Chinese patent CN103013568 (application number: 201210539110.6) discloses a system for treating solid waste by plasma gasification, which employs a plasma torch in both a gasification furnace and a syngas purification device. The related experimental and research work is still in the stages of concept demonstration and technical demonstration. Chinese patent CN104976622 (application number: 201510471085.6) discloses a household garbage grading gasification system with rotary kiln gasification and plasma melting. Although the technology abandons a primary plasma torch with huge power consumption, the process needs to send all solid residues generated by the primary rotary kiln into a subsequent plasma reaction furnace for gasification and melting, so that the reliability of equipment is still difficult to effectively improve, and the energy consumption cannot be effectively reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Based on the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, the utility model provides a solid waste gasification system in grades can purify high volatile solid waste reforming to air, steam or their mixture are used as the gasification agent to prepare clean gas and are used for electricity generation, heat supply, improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy, avoid secondary pollution or the jam problem that dioxin, gasification tar and (or) heavy metal etc. caused.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a solid waste stage gasification system, include:
the system comprises a feeding system, a gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace, a high-temperature plasma torch, a high-temperature reforming purification furnace, a primary fan, a secondary fan I, a secondary fan II, a clean fuel gas induced draft fan, a heat recovery system, a gas washing tower, a washing and drying tower, a degassing tower, a first defoaming demister, a second defoaming demister, a third defoaming demister and a fuel gas power generation and heat supply system; wherein,
the discharge hole of the feeding system is connected with the feed inlet of the gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace;
the high-temperature section multi-group heat exchangers of the heat recovery system are arranged in the high-temperature reforming purification furnace, and the low-temperature section multi-group heat exchangers of the heat recovery system are arranged outside the high-temperature reforming purification furnace;
the gravity flow type moving bed gasification furnace is provided with a slag discharge port, a pyrolysis gas outlet, a moisture-containing gas outlet, a first primary air inlet, a second primary air inlet and a secondary air inlet, the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the high-temperature reforming purification furnace, the moisture-containing gas outlet is connected with the washing and drying tower, and the washing and drying tower is respectively connected with the first primary air inlet and the second primary air inlet of the gravity flow type moving bed gasification furnace through the third defoaming demister, the secondary fan II and the low-temperature-section multi-group heat exchanger of the heat recovery system in sequence;
the degassing tower is provided with a primary air inlet and an air outlet, the air outlet is connected with the primary fan and the secondary fan through a second demister, the primary fan is connected with a secondary air inlet of the gravity flow type moving bed gasification furnace through the high-temperature-section multi-group heat exchanger of the heat recovery system, and the secondary fan is connected with the high-temperature reforming purification furnace through the high-temperature-section multi-group heat exchanger of the heat recovery system;
high temperature reforming purifies the stove and is equipped with slag notch and clean gas export, clean gas export warp heat recovery system's low temperature section multiunit heat exchanger, gas scrubbing tower are connected, first defoaming defroster and clean gas draught fan are connected to gas power generation heating system.
The utility model has the advantages as follows:
(1) the staged gasification system of the utility model adopts the cooperation of the gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace, the high temperature plasma torch and the high temperature reforming purification furnace to form a staged gasification mode combining the gasification furnace and the high temperature plasma assisted high temperature reforming purification, thereby obviously reducing the gas load and effectively reducing the treatment cost of the gasified synthesis gas; high-temperature gas generated in the high-temperature reforming purification furnace provides partial heat energy for the drying and pyrolysis gasification stages of the gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace, primary air at the bottom of the gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace and supplementary air in the reforming purification furnace are preheated at the same time, and most sensible heat in the synthesis gas after gasification of waste is recovered; the cooled clean fuel gas (synthesis gas) is subjected to subsequent cascade utilization through a fuel gas power generation or heat supply system. The system improves the conversion efficiency of system energy by grading gasification and gradient utilization of gas heat generated in the gasification process of wastes such as garbage and the like.
(2) Solid waste, especially municipal solid waste, generates a large amount of reducing gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the like in a gravity flow type moving bed gasification furnace, can effectively inhibit the oxidation of metal components (such as copper, iron and zinc) in the waste, and reduce the synthesis of dioxin caused by the metal migrating through gas phase and serving as a catalyst active center. In the high-temperature flue gas purification stage, dioxin, gasified tar and the like are thoroughly removed. Particles such as solid fly ash are melted by the high temperature action of plasma, and metal ions or particles are fixed in the vitrified residue particles. The system has no liquid discharge and no secondary pollution of water.
(3) In the high-temperature reforming purification furnace, the formation of high-temperature atmosphere is not only from the electric energy consumed by the high-temperature plasma torch, but also a large amount of combustible components (including macromolecular tar, carbon residue particles, synthesis gas and the like) are subjected to violent oxidation reaction under the action of oxygen to release a large amount of heat energy. Therefore, compare with other plasma gasification processes, the utility model discloses the consumption of high temperature plasma torch is lower relatively, can effectively reduce gasification process running cost, reduces the construction and the maintenance cost of system simultaneously.
(4) The utility model discloses a hierarchical gasification system uses air, steam or their mixture as the gasification agent, need not complicated system oxygen system, can reduce investment and miniaturized production by a wide margin. The adopted unit equipment is easy to manufacture and assemble, the requirement on the pretreatment of wastes is not high, even unsorted domestic garbage and other materials can be treated, the occupied area of each unit equipment is relatively small, the generated synthetic gas does not contain toxic and harmful substances such as tar, dioxin, heavy metal and the like, and the synthetic gas has various potential uses and can be used as fuel gas, power generation, external heat supply or hydrogen production, chemical synthesis and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a staged solid waste gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic partial view of a gravity flow moving bed gasifier provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a plasma torch and a high temperature gas purification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: f1-solid waste, F2-plasma gas (or air), F3-primary air, 1-solid material storage area, 2-gasification furnace, 2A-drying area, 2B-pyrolysis gasification area, 2C-carbon slag combustion area, 2D-ash cooling pool, 3-spiral slag extractor, 4-plasma torch, 5-high temperature reforming purification furnace, 6-heat recovery system, 7-gas scrubber, 8-first defoaming demister, 9-degassing tower, 10-second defoaming demister, 11-second air blower I, 12-primary air blower, 13-second air blower II, 14-washing drying tower, 15-third defoaming demister, 16-synthetic gas draught fan, 17-fuel gas power generation heating system, 18-flue gas discharge system, 19-a first material pushing device, 20-a second material pushing device, 21-a cooling slag discharging device, 22-a high-temperature gas purification furnace internal baffle plate, Out 1-gasifier bottom ash, Out 2-high-temperature fly ash slag and Out 3-fuel gas tail gas.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described below clearly and completely, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the utility model provides a solid waste staged gasification system for to solid waste treatment, realize staged gasification, this system includes:
the system comprises a feeding system, a gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace, a high-temperature plasma torch, a high-temperature reforming purification furnace, a primary fan, a secondary fan I, a secondary fan II, a clean fuel gas induced draft fan, a heat recovery system, a gas washing tower, a washing and drying tower, a degassing tower, a first defoaming demister, a second defoaming demister, a third defoaming demister and a fuel gas power generation and heat supply system; wherein,
the discharge hole of the feeding system is connected with the feed inlet of the gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace;
the high-temperature section multiple groups of heat exchangers of the heat recovery system are arranged in the high-temperature reforming purification furnace, and the low-temperature section multiple groups of heat exchangers of the heat recovery system are arranged outside the high-temperature reforming purification furnace;
the gravity flow type moving bed gasification furnace is provided with a slag discharge port, a pyrolysis gas outlet, a moisture-containing gas outlet, a first primary air inlet, a second primary air inlet and a secondary air inlet, the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the high-temperature reforming purification furnace, the moisture-containing gas outlet is connected with the washing and drying tower, and the washing and drying tower is respectively connected with the first primary air inlet and the second primary air inlet of the gravity flow type moving bed gasification furnace through a third defoaming demister, a secondary fan II and a low-temperature section multi-group heat exchanger of a heat recovery system in sequence;
the degassing tower is provided with a primary air inlet and an air outlet, the air outlet is connected with a primary fan and a secondary fan I through a second defoaming demister, the primary fan is connected with a secondary air inlet of the gravity flow type moving bed gasification furnace through a plurality of groups of heat exchangers at the high temperature section of the heat recovery system, and the secondary fan is connected with a high temperature reforming purification furnace through a plurality of groups of heat exchangers at the high temperature section of the heat recovery system;
the high-temperature reforming purification furnace is provided with a slag outlet and a clean fuel gas outlet, and the clean fuel gas outlet is connected with a fuel gas power generation and heat supply system through a low-temperature section multi-group heat exchanger, a gas washing tower and a first defoaming demister of the heat recovery system and a clean fuel gas induced draft fan.
In the staged gasification system, as shown in fig. 2, the gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace includes:
the furnace body is of a two-dimensional moving bed structure with an inclination angle, a material storage area, a drying area, a pyrolysis gasification area, a carbon slag combustion area and a slag cooling pool which are sequentially communicated and arranged in a step shape are arranged in the furnace body from top to bottom, and a self-flowing material channel is formed among the material storage area, the drying area, the pyrolysis gasification area, the carbon slag combustion area and the slag cooling pool;
the material storage area is provided with a material inlet;
a first material pushing device is arranged between the material storage area and the drying area; a second material pushing device is arranged between the drying area and the pyrolysis gasification area;
a first primary air inlet is formed in the furnace body corresponding to the drying area, a first air distribution chamber is arranged in the drying area in the first primary air inlet, and a first baffle plate is arranged in the first air distribution chamber;
the drying area is provided with a moisture-containing gas outlet corresponding to the upper furnace body;
a second primary air inlet is formed in the furnace body corresponding to the pyrolysis gasification area, a second air distribution chamber is formed in the pyrolysis gasification area in the second primary air inlet, and a second baffle plate is arranged in the second air distribution chamber;
a pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the upper furnace body corresponding to the pyrolysis gasification area;
a secondary air inlet is arranged on the furnace body corresponding to the carbon residue combustion area, a third air distribution chamber is arranged in the carbon residue combustion area in the secondary air inlet, and a third flow baffle is arranged in the second air distribution chamber;
the bottom of the slag cooling pool is provided with a slag discharge port, a cooling slag discharge mechanism is arranged below the slag discharge port, and the cooling slag discharge mechanism consists of a cooling slag discharge device 21 and a spiral slag discharge machine 3 arranged below the cooling slag discharge device 21.
Specifically, the gravity flow type moving bed gasification furnace is a two-dimensional moving bed with a special inclination angle, solid materials respectively flow through a drying area, a pyrolysis gasification area, a carbon residue combustion area and a slag cooling area from a storage area under the action of self gravity and air flow pushing, high-temperature molten ash is continuously cooled by a water-cooling coil and finally falls into an ash residue pool through a solid residue discharger for further cooling, and a part of cooling water is instantly vaporized to be changed into water vapor to flow back to the gasification furnace. And finally discharging the cooled solid ash from the gasification furnace through a spiral slag extractor. Wherein the storage area stores the waste (or garbage) materials conveyed by a shaftless screw conveyor or a grab bucket. A first material pushing device is arranged between the material storage area and the drying area. The material in the drying area is heated, dried and dehydrated by the circulating high-temperature drying gas, so that the moisture is reduced and the heat value is increased. A second material pushing device is arranged between the drying area and the pyrolysis gasification area. The bottom of the pyrolysis gasification zone is introduced with a gas distribution structure which is obliquely arranged downwards, and the circulated high-temperature gas provides heat for the zone on one hand and has the function of removing gas (including gaseous tar) separated out in the pyrolysis gasification stage in time on the other hand; thirdly, the circulating high-temperature gas can play a role in continuously stirring and strengthening heat and mass transfer; fourthly, the circulating high-temperature gas can also strengthen the downward movement of the solid materials in the gasification furnace.
The operation temperature range of the drying zone in the self-flowing moving bed gasification furnace is 200-300 ℃, and the optimal operation temperature is about 250 ℃; the operation temperature range of the pyrolysis gasification area is 800-900 ℃, and the optimal operation temperature is about 850 ℃; the operation temperature range of the combustion zone is 1200-1400 ℃, and the optimal operation temperature is about 1300 ℃;
the gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace does not comprise a plurality of moving parts like a common mechanical grate, only comprises two material pushing devices and a slag discharging device at the bottom of the furnace, and improves the reliability and the stability of the system.
In the grading gasification system, a slag discharging port of the slag cooling pool is provided with a solid slag discharging device; the cooling slag discharging device adopts a spiral slag discharging device and is used for discharging vitreous ash slag and sealing the bottom of the gasification furnace with water.
In the grading gasification system, the operating temperature range of the drying zone of the gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace is 200-300 ℃, the operating temperature range of the pyrolysis gasification zone is 800-900 ℃, and the operating temperature range of the carbon residue combustion zone is 1200-1400 ℃.
In the grading gasification system, the feeding system consists of a travelling crane grab bucket machine, a plate feeder, a belt conveyor and a shaftless screw conveyor.
In the staged gasification system, the high temperature reforming purification furnace shown in fig. 3 includes:
the furnace body is internally provided with a gas mixing zone, a cracking gasification combustion zone and a solid particle settling zone which are sequentially communicated;
the gas mixing zone and the cracking gasification combustion zone are arranged in parallel, the cracking gasification combustion zone is provided with a clean gas outlet, the solid particle settling zone is positioned below the cracking gasification combustion zone, and the bottom of the solid particle settling zone is provided with a slag outlet; is used for discharging vitreous ash and sealing the bottom of the gasification furnace with water
The gas mixing area is connected with the high-temperature plasma torch;
a high-temperature section heat exchanger of a heat recovery system is arranged in the pyrolysis gasification combustion zone;
the solid particle settling area is provided with a baffle plate, and a slag discharging opening is provided with a slag discharging device.
The grading gasification system has the main functions of cracking macromolecular tar into micromolecular gas, thoroughly decomposing toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin and the like, and further gasifying residual carbon (root) or primary carbon-containing particles separated out at high temperature under the action of gasifying agents such as water vapor, oxygen or carbon dioxide and the like. The high-temperature plasma generated by the plasma torch (plasma torch) is violently and incompletely combusted in the region together with the high-temperature secondary air and the crude synthesis gas from the gasification furnace, and high-temperature gas (about 1200-1400 ℃) with uniform temperature distribution is formed. Meanwhile, the inorganic solid particles adsorb heavy metals, and are melted and agglomerated to form vitrified inert particles. The sectional area of the airflow in the settling chamber area is continuously increased, the speed of the gas is reduced, and large particles are removed after settling under the action of gravity and the baffle plate.
In the above-described staged gasification system, the heat recovery system includes: a high-temperature section multi-group heat exchanger and a low-temperature section multi-group heat exchanger; wherein,
the high-temperature section heat exchanger is respectively connected with a primary fan and a secondary fan I, and can heat primary air added into the self-flowing moving bed gasification furnace and secondary air entering the high-temperature reforming purification furnace to 700 ℃;
the low-temperature section multi-group heat exchangers are connected with a clean fuel gas outlet of the high-temperature reforming purification furnace, and can heat the output synthesis gas to 300 ℃.
In the grading gasification system, the gas power generation and heat supply system is at least one of a medium-low heat value gas motor, a steam turbine, a gas boiler or a combined cycle generator set.
The staged gasification system further comprises: and the smoke exhaust system is connected with a smoke exhaust port of the gas power generation and heat supply system.
Aiming at the defects and the defects of the existing solid waste, particularly the plasma staged gasification technology of municipal solid waste, the staged gasification system provides a gasification treatment system combining self-flowing moving bed gasification and plasma-assisted high-temperature reforming purification, takes air, water vapor or the mixture of the air and the water vapor as a gasification agent, recovers the heat required by the reaction of a moving bed gasification furnace as much as possible through a heat exchange system arranged at the tail part of a plasma-assisted high-temperature reforming purification furnace, improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy, and avoids the problems of secondary pollution or blockage caused by dioxin, gasified tar and (or) heavy metal and the like
The gas washing tower and the degassing tower in the grading gasification system comprise a washing water circulating pump, a sprayer, a demister and a tower body. The method is mainly used for reducing the temperature of the gas, removing acid gas and particles in the gas and reducing the moisture content (water) in the gas. The inlet gas temperature of the scrubber was about 200 ℃ and the inlet gas temperature of the degasser was within 100 ℃. The washing water treatment system comprises a dosing pump, a dosing tank, a buffer tank, a neutralization tank and other equipment, and is mainly used for treating washing water and landfill leachate of a washing tower and a degassing tower.
The primary fan, the secondary fan I, the secondary fan II, the synthesis gas induced-draft fan and the dry gas fan in the grading gasification system are used for overcoming resistance encountered in the gas flowing process. Each unit device from the gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace to the front of the synthesis gas induced draft fan is operated under the pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure (negative pressure or slight negative pressure).
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the following embodiments
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in the present embodiment, a staged gasification system of gravity-flow moving bed gasification and plasma-assisted high-temperature flue gas reforming purification is provided, solid waste (domestic garbage) F1 is firstly fed into an inlet of a gasification furnace through a feeder or a grab bucket, and then the garbage is uniformly stored in a storage area 1 of the gasification furnace 2 through a shaftless screw conveyor. The material in the material storage area 1 is pushed to the drying area 2A through the material pushing device. The dry gas (secondary air) is uniformly delivered into the drying area 2A through an air distribution inclined plate below the drying area 2A to dry the materials, reduce the moisture contained in the materials and improve the heat value of the materials.
And pushing the garbage in the drying area 2A to the pyrolysis gasification area 2B through a pushing device. The secondary air enters the pyrolysis and gasification area 2B from the bottom of the pyrolysis and gasification area 2B through an air distribution plate. Volatile matters in the solid waste are subjected to thermal cracking and violent gasification reaction with the participation of gasifying agents such as high-temperature oxygen, water vapor and the like, and part of combustible gas (including micromolecular substances such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the like) is subjected to combustion reaction to provide heat for the gasification reaction. The pyrolytic or gasified carbon-containing residue which has not been reacted enters the combustion area 2C and is closely contacted with high-temperature air (namely primary air), the combustion reaction releases a large amount of heat energy to form a high-temperature layer, if the conditions are properly controlled, solid ash slag can be melted, the temperature is greatly reduced after the solid ash slag flows into (or falls into) the cooling slag extractor 21, and the ash slag discharged by the slag extractor falls into. The slag discharge baffle at the bottom of the gasification furnace discharges slag through periodic movement. The slag extractor continuously discharges the glassy state ash and forms a liquid seal on the bottom of the gasification furnace, so that air is prevented from entering the ash pool for 2D further cooling, and a part of cooling water is instantly vaporized and changed into water vapor to flow back into the gasification furnace. The cooled solid ash Out1 is discharged Out of the gasifier through a cooling and deslagging mechanism. The cooling slag discharging mechanism is composed of a cooling slag discharging device 21 and a spiral slag discharging machine 3 arranged below the cooling slag discharging device 21, and the gasification furnace is discharged by the spiral slag discharging machine 3. The cooling slag discharging device 21 cools the originally liquid waste slag, quickly transfers the waste slag to the bottom of the gasification furnace, prevents gas from flowing into the furnace during the transfer process, and the spiral slag discharging machine 3 takes out the waste slag from a slag pool at the bottom of the gasification furnace and discharges the waste slag out of the gasification furnace.
The raw synthesis gas generated by the gasification furnace 2 enters a high-temperature reforming purification furnace 5. The reforming purification furnace 5 comprises a gas mixing zone, a pyrolysis gasification combustion zone and a solid particle settling zone, and high-temperature plasma generated by the plasma torch 4 and raw synthesis gas from the high-temperature secondary air and the gasification furnace 2 carry out violent incomplete combustion, gasification, reforming, steam shift and other reactions in the zone. The dioxin and tar toxic and harmful substances are completely destroyed to become clean and clean micromolecule substances (such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide or water molecules and the like), and meanwhile, the inorganic solid particles adsorb heavy metals and are melted and agglomerated to form vitrified inert particles. The velocity of the gas in the settling chamber region is reduced, large particles are removed after settling by gravity and the baffle 22, and the solid slag Out2 is discharged Out of the reformer-cleaning furnace 5 through the slag discharger.
The secondary air blower 11, the primary air blower 12 and the secondary air blower 13 respectively lead air (primary air) at room temperature and moisture-containing gas led out from the drying zone 2A at the upper part of the gasification furnace into the heat recovery system 6 through the degassing tower 9, the defoaming demister 10, the washing and drying tower 14 and the defoaming demister 15, wherein the secondary air blower 11 and the gas led out from the primary air blower 12 are led into a high-temperature heat exchange section of the heat recovery system 6 and are respectively heated to about 700 ℃, and the secondary air of the drying zone 2A of the gasification furnace and the secondary air of the pyrolysis and gasification zone 2B of the gasification furnace are heated to about 300 ℃ through the low-temperature heat exchange section of the heat recovery system 6 by the gas led out from the secondary air blower.
The temperature of the synthesis gas leaving the high temperature flue gas cleaning furnace 5 entering the scrubber 7 is about 200 ℃. The synthesis gas is further cooled in the scrubber 7 and entrained with the remaining fines and the contained acid gases (HCl, CO2, etc.).
The purified synthesis gas or fuel gas is sent to a fuel gas power generation and heat supply system 17 through a draught fan 16 for utilization, and finally the formed tail gas Out3 is discharged Out of a boundary area through a flue gas discharge system 18 or is dispersed into the atmosphere.
The utility model discloses a hierarchical gasification system retrieves the required heat of moving bed gasifier reaction as much as possible through installing the heat transfer system who purifies the stove afterbody at the supplementary high temperature reforming of plasma, improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy, avoids secondary pollution or the jam problem that dioxin, gasification tar and (or) heavy metal etc. caused. The system has the characteristics of wide raw material adaptability, high gasification efficiency, no pollution, simple installation and maintenance, easy popularization and the like.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are all covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A solid waste staged gasification system, comprising:
the system comprises a feeding system, a gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace, a high-temperature plasma torch, a high-temperature reforming purification furnace, a primary fan, a secondary fan I, a secondary fan II, a clean fuel gas induced draft fan, a heat recovery system, a gas washing tower, a washing and drying tower, a degassing tower, a first defoaming demister, a second defoaming demister, a third defoaming demister and a fuel gas power generation and heat supply system; wherein,
the discharge hole of the feeding system is connected with the feed inlet of the gravity flow moving bed gasification furnace;
the high-temperature section multi-group heat exchangers of the heat recovery system are arranged in the high-temperature reforming purification furnace, and the low-temperature section multi-group heat exchangers of the heat recovery system are arranged outside the high-temperature reforming purification furnace;
the gravity flow type moving bed gasification furnace is provided with a slag discharge port, a pyrolysis gas outlet, a moisture-containing gas outlet, a first primary air inlet, a second primary air inlet and a secondary air inlet, the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the high-temperature reforming purification furnace, the moisture-containing gas outlet is connected with the washing and drying tower, and the washing and drying tower is respectively connected with the first primary air inlet and the second primary air inlet of the gravity flow type moving bed gasification furnace through the third defoaming demister, the secondary fan II and the low-temperature-section multi-group heat exchanger of the heat recovery system in sequence;
the degassing tower is provided with a primary air inlet and an air outlet, the air outlet is connected with the primary fan and the secondary fan through a second demister, the primary fan is connected with a secondary air inlet of the gravity flow type moving bed gasification furnace through the high-temperature-section multi-group heat exchanger of the heat recovery system, and the secondary fan is connected with the high-temperature reforming purification furnace through the high-temperature-section multi-group heat exchanger of the heat recovery system;
high temperature reforming purifies the stove and is equipped with slag notch and clean gas export, clean gas export warp heat recovery system's low temperature section multiunit heat exchanger, gas scrubbing tower are connected, first defoaming defroster and clean gas draught fan are connected to gas power generation heating system.
2. The solid waste staged gasification system of claim 1, wherein the gravity flow moving bed gasifier comprises:
the furnace body is of a two-dimensional moving bed structure with an inclination angle, a material storage area, a drying area, a pyrolysis gasification area, a carbon slag combustion area and a slag cooling pool which are sequentially communicated and arranged in a step shape are arranged in the furnace body from top to bottom, and a self-flowing material channel is formed among the material storage area, the drying area, the pyrolysis gasification area, the carbon slag combustion area and the slag cooling pool;
the material storage area is provided with a material inlet;
a first material pushing device is arranged between the material storage area and the drying area; a second material pushing device is arranged between the drying area and the pyrolysis gasification area;
the furnace body corresponding to the drying area is provided with the first primary air inlet, the drying area in the first primary air inlet is provided with a first air distribution chamber, and a first baffle plate is arranged in the first air distribution chamber;
the drying area is provided with the moisture-containing gas outlet corresponding to the upper furnace body;
the furnace body corresponding to the pyrolysis gasification area is provided with a second primary air inlet, the pyrolysis gasification area in the second primary air inlet is provided with a second air distribution chamber, and a second baffle plate is arranged in the second air distribution chamber;
the pyrolysis gasification area is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet corresponding to the upper furnace body;
the furnace body corresponding to the carbon residue combustion area is provided with the secondary air inlet, the carbon residue combustion area in the secondary air inlet is provided with a third air distribution chamber, and a third baffle plate is arranged in the second air distribution chamber;
the slag cooling tank is characterized in that a slag discharge port is formed in the bottom of the slag cooling tank, and a cooling slag discharge mechanism is arranged below the slag discharge port.
3. The system for fractional gasification of solid waste according to claim 2, wherein the cooling and slag discharging system is composed of a cooling and slag discharging device and a spiral slag discharging machine disposed below the cooling and slag discharging device.
4. The solid waste staged gasification system of claim 2, wherein a solid slag extractor is provided at a slag discharge port of the slag cooling bath.
5. The system for fractional gasification of solid waste according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the gravity flow moving bed gasifier has a drying zone operating temperature in the range of 200 ℃ to 300 ℃, a pyrolysis gasification zone operating temperature in the range of 800 ℃ to 900 ℃, and a char combustion zone operating temperature in the range of 1200 ℃ to 1400 ℃.
6. The solid waste staged gasification system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the feeding system consists of a travelling grab, a slat feeder, a belt conveyor and a shaftless screw conveyor.
7. The solid waste classified gasification system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the high temperature reforming purification furnace comprises:
the furnace body is internally provided with a gas mixing zone, a cracking gasification combustion zone and a solid particle settling zone which are sequentially communicated;
the gas mixing zone and the cracking gasification combustion zone are arranged in parallel, the cracking gasification combustion zone is provided with the clean gas outlet, the solid particle settling zone is positioned below the cracking gasification combustion zone, and the bottom of the solid particle settling zone is provided with the slag outlet;
the gas mixing zone is connected with the high temperature plasma torch;
a high-temperature section heat exchanger of the heat recovery system is arranged in the cracking gasification combustion zone;
the solid particle settling area is provided with a baffle plate, and a slag discharging device is arranged at the slag discharging opening.
8. The solid waste staged gasification system of claim 1, wherein the heat recovery system comprises: a high-temperature section multi-group heat exchanger and a low-temperature section multi-group heat exchanger; wherein,
the high-temperature section heat exchanger is respectively connected with the primary air fan and the secondary air fan I, and can heat primary air added into the self-flowing moving bed gasification furnace and secondary air entering the high-temperature reforming purification furnace to 700 ℃;
the low-temperature section multi-group heat exchangers are connected with a clean fuel gas outlet of the high-temperature reforming purification furnace and can heat the output synthesis gas to 300 ℃.
9. The solid waste staged gasification system of claim 1, wherein the gas-fired power generation and heat supply system is at least one of a medium-low heating value gas-fired motor, a steam turbine, a gas-fired boiler, or a combined cycle power generation unit.
10. The solid waste staged gasification system of claim 1 or 9, further comprising: and the smoke discharge system is connected with a smoke outlet of the gas power generation and heat supply system.
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| CN201621387162.6U CN206514306U (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2016-12-16 | Solid waste classification gasification system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106765142A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-31 | 启迪桑德环境资源股份有限公司 | Solid waste classification gasification system |
| TWI777434B (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2022-09-11 | 日商住友重機械工業股份有限公司 | heat treatment system |
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2016
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106765142A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-31 | 启迪桑德环境资源股份有限公司 | Solid waste classification gasification system |
| CN106765142B (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2023-11-28 | 启迪环境科技发展股份有限公司 | Solid waste graded gasification system |
| TWI777434B (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2022-09-11 | 日商住友重機械工業股份有限公司 | heat treatment system |
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