CN113881460B - Multi-arc plasma gasification furnace - Google Patents
Multi-arc plasma gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN113881460B CN113881460B CN202111193494.6A CN202111193494A CN113881460B CN 113881460 B CN113881460 B CN 113881460B CN 202111193494 A CN202111193494 A CN 202111193494A CN 113881460 B CN113881460 B CN 113881460B
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- 238000009272 plasma gasification Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 119
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
- C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-arc plasma gasifier, which is based on a gasifier, and comprises a feed pipe, a grate, a slag collecting device and a smoke outlet; the device also comprises a multi-arc plasma generator, wherein the multi-arc plasma generator is arranged on the side wall of the plasma jet flow conduit and is communicated with the plasma jet flow conduit; the plasma jet flow conduit is arranged at the upper end of the fire grate on the inner side of the gasifier wall; the plasma jet flow conduit is provided with n outlets which are natural numbers with n being more than or equal to 2, the outlets are uniformly distributed on the plasma jet flow conduit, and the included angle alpha between the angle of the outlets and the horizontal plane is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 30 degrees. The invention combines the multi-arc plasma generator and the annular plasma jet conduit to ensure that the plasma jet temperature field transmitted to the material area to be treated is more uniform, thereby avoiding the problem that the traditional arc plasma is easy to cause local slag bonding in the material treatment process due to large temperature gradient and improving the gasification efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multi-arc plasma, in particular to a multi-arc plasma gasification furnace.
Background
At present, the main current mode for treating combustible solid dangerous wastes in China is a rotary kiln, and the rotary kiln has the problems of low combustion temperature, higher generation rate (about 25 percent) of secondary wastes (fly ash and bottom slag), low burnout rate (high carbon content), higher content of dioxin in flue gas and the like; the secondary wastes are commonly treated by adopting a traditional landfill or cement kiln to achieve the aim of harmless treatment.
Wherein landfill is an unsustainable process route due to the scarcity of land resources; the cement kiln is used for cooperatively treating the fly ash in a blending dilution mode, the treatment temperature is insufficient, harmful substances such as dioxin, heavy metals and the like are not subjected to fundamental harmless treatment, the harmful substances still exist in the finished cement, the problems of reduced cement marks, insufficient strength and the like exist, and the problems that the quality of the cement produced by adopting the process does not reach the standard in part of areas and further the production safety accidents are caused; the plasma gasification process is widely focused as an advanced technology for treating hazardous wastes at present, and engineering application is started in the field of hazardous waste treatment in China.
The main stream gasification furnace in the current market has low gasification efficiency, and the discharged bottom slag has higher heat reduction rate and is easy to coke; after some manufacturers adopt a plasma gasification furnace mode, the gasification efficiency is improved, and the heat rate of the bottom slag is reduced; however, due to the adoption of an arc plasma mode, the temperature is high, the energy is concentrated, local heat load overtemperature is brought, the temperature in the furnace is uneven, and the problem of local coking is aggravated; at the same time, a series of problems such as high nitrogen oxide content in the flue gas are brought;
disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-arc plasma gasification furnace, which particularly adopts a multi-arc plasma technology, and can be used for gasifying and treating combustible solid wastes, in particular various dangerous wastes with low heat value.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
based on the gasification furnace, the top of the gasification furnace is longitudinally provided with a feed pipe, the inside of the gasification furnace is transversely provided with a fire grate, the bottom of the gasification furnace is provided with a slag collecting device, the side wall of the top of the gasification furnace is provided with a smoke outlet,
the device also comprises a multi-arc plasma generator, wherein the multi-arc plasma generator is arranged on the side wall of the plasma jet flow conduit, and the outlet end of the nozzle section of the multi-arc plasma generator is communicated with the gas inflow end of the plasma jet flow conduit;
the plasma jet flow conduit is arranged at the upper end of the fire grate on the inner side of the gasifier wall;
n plasma hot air outflow openings are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the plasma jet flow conduit, n is more than or equal to 2, and the included angle between the angle of the plasma hot air outflow openings and the horizontal plane is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 30 degrees.
Furthermore, the wall-attached air pipes are arranged on the inner side surface of the gasification furnace, 4 paths of air inlets are arranged along the same height section of the furnace body, and vortex wall-attached air is formed inside the gasification furnace by adopting a side wall tangential cyclone inlet mode.
Furthermore, the gasification furnace is internally provided with corrosion-resistant, thermal shock-resistant and fire-resistant materials.
Further, the multi-arc plasma generator comprises an arc chamber, m arc plasma torches with the same structure are arranged in the arc chamber, m is more than or equal to 2, the arc chamber is sequentially divided into an inner diameter expanding section with gradually increased inner diameter, a straight pipe section with unchanged inner diameter, a contracting section with gradually reduced inner diameter and a nozzle section with unchanged inner diameter along the axial direction, a gas inflow port is arranged at the top end of the arc chamber, a straight pipe section air inlet pipe is arranged at the straight pipe section of the arc chamber, an annular opposite flushing gas distributor is connected with the straight pipe section air inlet pipe, a nozzle section air inlet pipe is arranged at the nozzle section of the arc chamber, and an annular rotational flow gas distributor is connected with the nozzle section air inlet pipe;
the m arc plasma torches are respectively inserted into the radial expansion sections in the arc chamber and are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the included angles formed by the central axes of the arc plasma torches and the central axes of the arc chamber in space are acute angles beta with the same angle, and the included angles are more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 75 degrees.
Furthermore, the annular opposite-flushing gas distributor is coaxially arranged on the inner wall of the straight pipe section of the arc chamber, the inner wall of the annular opposite-flushing gas distributor is provided with a plurality of layers of gas outflow ports, and the central axes of the gas outflow ports on the same plane are intersected at the same position point of the central axis of the arc chamber.
Further, the annular swirl gas distributor is coaxially arranged on the inner wall of the nozzle section of the arc chamber, and a plurality of tangential gas outflow openings are formed in the inner annular wall of the annular gas distributor, and the tangential directions of the tangential gas outflow openings are consistent.
Further, the arc chamber is lined with refractory material and insulation material.
According to the technical scheme, the multi-arc plasma gasification furnace is an efficient treatment process for incineration hazardous wastes. By adopting the uniform and large-size plasma jet feeding technology, on the basis of solving the problems, active particles in the plasma are utilized to the greatest extent, and the gasification efficiency is improved.
In general, the multi-arc plasma gasification furnace adopted by the invention is a high-efficiency treatment process for burning dangerous wastes. The problems that the temperature in the furnace is uneven, the energy consumption is too high due to the overhigh temperature, the refractory materials are easy to burn through due to the fact that local overheating in the furnace is aggravated, and the concentration of pollutants (such as heavy metals) in the flue gas is too high and is difficult to treat due to the fact that the pollutants are easy to volatilize into a gas phase due to the overhigh temperature are solved, the temperature of the plasmas fed into the gasification furnace is reduced through multi-arc plasmas and annular plasma jet transport technology, high-concentration active particles in the plasmas, uniform temperature fields and high-speed plasma flow are utilized to the greatest extent, heat rich in the high-concentration active particles and suitable for gasification is fed into materials to be treated, gasification efficiency is effectively improved, energy consumption is reduced, and stability and reliability of a system are improved.
Specifically, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) by adopting the multi-arc plasma generator, a plurality of electric arcs can be generated simultaneously, compared with single-arc plasma with the same power, the plasma uniformity is better, and the temperature of the plasma, the speed of jet flow and the concentration of active particles can be effectively regulated and controlled through three-stage air mixing, so that the advantage of high plasma activity is better utilized, and the energy efficiency is improved.
(2) The annular plasma jet pipe is adopted to convey the plasma jet to the material area to be treated, so that the contact area between the material to be treated and the plasma can be effectively increased, the more sufficient reaction between active particles in the plasma and the material is facilitated, and the treatment efficiency is improved.
(3) Through the combination of the multi-arc plasma generator and the annular plasma jet pipe, the plasma jet temperature field conveyed to the material area to be treated is more uniform, and the problem that the traditional arc plasma is easy to cause local slag bonding in the material treatment process due to large temperature gradient is avoided.
(4) The wall-attached air is arranged on the inner side surface of the gasification furnace, 4 paths of air inlets are formed along the same height section of the furnace body, and the tangential rotational flow entering mode of the side wall is adopted, so that the uniformity of the atmosphere in the furnace can be improved, and the uniformity of the gasification reaction of materials are facilitated; meanwhile, the temperature and flow field in the furnace can be regulated and controlled, the residence time of the treated objects in the furnace is prolonged, the burning rate of bottom slag is reduced, and the nitrogen oxides in the outlet flue gas are reduced.
(5) Through setting up the plasma jet conduit in the upper end that is close to the grate, the material of being handled is in the upper end of plasma jet conduit like this, combines the angle of a plurality of plasma hot air flow outlet and horizontal contained angle 0 ~ alpha ~ 30, better realization high-speed plasma jet and the mixed stirring of material, improvement gasification efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-arc plasma gasifier apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the external structure of the multi-arc plasma generator of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the main structure of the multi-arc plasma generator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a plasma jet catheter of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the exit angle of the plasma jet catheter of the present invention;
wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
1. a feed pipe; 2. a multi-arc plasma generator; 3. a gasification furnace; 4. a plasma jet conduit; 5. a refractory material; 6. attaching wall wind; 7. an adherence air pipe; 8. a collecting device; 9. a smoke outlet; 10. a plasma jet; 11. a fire grate;
21. an arc chamber; 22. an arc plasma torch; 23. an expansion section; 24. a straight pipe section; 25. a constriction section; 26. a nozzle section; 27. a gas inflow port; 28. an annular hedging gas distributor; 29. an annular swirl gas distributor; 210. a straight pipe section air inlet pipe; 211. a nozzle section air inlet pipe;
41. a connection port; 42. 43, 44, 45 plasma hot air outflow openings.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-arc plasma gasifier according to the embodiment is based on a gasifier 3, a feeding pipe 1 is longitudinally arranged at the top of the gasifier 3, a fire grate 11 is arranged in the gasifier 3, a slag collecting device 8 is arranged at the bottom of the gasifier 3, and a smoke outlet 9 is arranged on the side wall of the top of the gasifier 3;
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the plasma jet device further comprises a multi-arc plasma generator 2, wherein the multi-arc plasma generator 2 is arranged on the side wall of the plasma jet catheter 4, and the outlet end of the nozzle section of the multi-arc plasma generator 2 is connected with the gas inflow end of the plasma jet catheter 4;
the plasma jet conduit 4 is arranged at the upper end of the fire grate 11 on the inner side of the furnace wall of the gasification furnace 3;
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the plasma jet flow conduit 4 is annular and sealed outside the outer wall of the gasification furnace, n (n is greater than or equal to 2) plasma hot air outflow openings are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the plasma jet flow conduit 4, the included angle between the angle of the plasma hot air outflow openings and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 30 degrees, and a high-speed, uniform and stable plasma jet flow rich in active particles is ejected from the plasma hot air outflow openings, and the angle can enable the plasma jet flow to form central coverage to the greatest extent in the hearth and act on central materials in the hearth, so that the coverage of the plasma active particles is favorably improved; the injection point at the outlet is rich in active particles which are helpful for gasification, and the temperature is in the range of 300-1200 ℃ of the plasma jet 10; the present embodiment provides four outlets 42, 43, 44, 45.
The multi-arc plasma generator 2 comprises an arc chamber 21, m arc plasma torches 22 with the same structure are arranged in the arc chamber 21, m is more than or equal to 2, the arc chamber 21 is sequentially provided with an inner diameter expanding section 23 with gradually increased inner diameter, a straight pipe section 24 with unchanged inner diameter, a contracting section 25 with gradually decreased inner diameter and a nozzle section 26 with unchanged inner diameter along the axial direction, a gas inflow port 27 is arranged at the top end of the arc chamber 21, a straight pipe section 24 or a straight pipe section air inlet pipe 210 is arranged in the arc chamber, the straight pipe section air inlet pipe 210 is connected with an annular opposite flushing gas distributor 28, a nozzle section air inlet pipe 211 is arranged in the arc chamber nozzle section 26, and the nozzle section air inlet pipe 211 is connected with an annular cyclone gas distributor 29.
Specifically, in this embodiment, 3 plasma torches 22 are respectively inserted into the inner diameter expansion sections 23 of the arc chamber 21 and are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, the included angles formed by the central axes of the arc torches 22 and the central axes of the arc chamber in space are all acute angles beta of the same angle, beta is not less than 45 degrees and not more than 75 degrees, the angles ensure that three arc plasmas generate opposite impact interaction, the mixing efficiency of the plasmas is improved, the component of the speed of the arc plasmas in the axial direction is ensured, and the impact of the plasmas on the inner wall of the arc chamber is reduced.
The annular opposite-flushing gas distributor 28 is coaxially arranged on the inner wall of the straight pipe section of the arc chamber, the inner wall of the annular opposite-flushing gas distributor is provided with a plurality of layers of gas outflow ports, and the central axes of the gas outflow ports on the same plane are intersected at the same position point of the central axis of the arc chamber.
The annular swirl gas distributor 29 is coaxially arranged on the inner wall of the arc chamber nozzle section, and the inner annular wall of the annular gas distributor is provided with a plurality of tangential gas outflow openings, and the tangential directions of the tangential gas outflow openings are consistent.
The arc chamber is lined with refractory material and thermal insulation material.
For a multi-arc plasma generator, specifically three plasma torches 22, 3 plasma torches 22 are anodically shorted to an equipotential. After normal arc starting, stable arc plasma Gao Wenju flame is formed, the power of each plasma torch 22 is 100kW, the total power is 300kW, and the working gas (air) of each plasma torch is 60m 3 And/h, adopting a mode of multistage mixing plasma working gas, namely injecting first-stage mixed gas air from gas inlets at the top end of the arc chamber, wherein the flow is 60m 3 /h; the secondary mixed air is injected from the air inlet pipe 210 of the straight pipe section, and the flow is 200m 3 And/h, flowing into the arc chamber 21 through a plurality of gas outflow openings in multiple layers by the annular opposite-flow gas distributor 28, wherein the inflow of the gas and the primary mixed gas are subjected to strong opposite-flow collision with the arc plasma, are fully mixed, the uniformity of the temperature field of the mixed plasma and the distribution of active particles is improved, and then three-stage mixed gas steam or air is carried out by the nozzle section air inlet pipe 211, wherein the flow rate is 60m 3 And/h, enabling the airflow to swirl in through a plurality of tangential airflow outflow openings of the annular swirl airflow distributor 29, wrapping a large amount of active particles in the plasma jet in the middle of the airflow at the outlet of the nozzle, and reducing collision loss with the wall. In addition, the content of active groups in the plasmas is further improved through tertiary gas mixing (such as water is decomposed to generate a large amount of OH free radicals, and the generation of the OH free radicals is not facilitated due to the fact that the temperature is too high); after being mixed with plasma, the multipath mixed gas is dissociated and ionized to form uniform non-thermal plasma jet with the temperature of about 800 ℃ and is conveyed into the gasifier through a plasma jet conduit 4, and the plasma jet conduit 4 is arranged at the upper end of a fire grate 11 on the inner side of the gasifier wall. And enters the arc chamber 21 to finally form a high-speed and temperature-adjustable (300-1200 ℃) plasma jet, wherein the uniform and large-size plasma jet is different from the characteristics of conventional arc plasma torch plasmas, the plasma size is small (usually in the order of tens of millimeters), the temperature gradient is large (the center temperature can reach tens of thousands DEG, and the edge temperature is only about 1 kilo DEG), so that the high-temperature burning of the outlet jet to gasified materials is reduced while high-concentration active particles are maintained, and the coking (slag) caused by the high-temperature burning of the gasified materials is influenced, thereby influencing the stability influence of a system.
The following is a comprehensive description in connection with workflow and principles:
firstly, a multi-arc plasma generator 2 is arranged on the side wall of a plasma jet conduit 4, a high-frequency or contact type arcing mode is adopted, and after successful arcing, a stable thermal plasma torch flame is formed after arcing. The primary mixed gas and the secondary mixed gas (compressed air) enter a plasma discharge chamber according to a set direction, are mixed with Gao Wenju flame, promote the diffusion of arc plasma, and the mixed gas is ionized to form a non-thermal plasma jet; the design of the flow field of the mixed gas can enlarge the size of the plasma and improve the speed of jet flow plasma, and finally achieves the effect of improving the transport quantity of active particles and charged particles in the plasma in unit time. The three-stage mixed gas (steam or compressed air) is sprayed into the discharge chamber at the downstream, so that the effect of plasma active groups is further improved (such as that a large amount of OH free radicals are generated by water decomposition, the generation of the OH free radicals is not facilitated due to overhigh temperature), the multi-stage mixed gas is dissociated and ionized after being mixed with plasma, the multi-stage mixed gas is uniformly transported into the gasifier through a plasma jet conduit 4 at the temperature of 300-1200 ℃, and the plasma jet conduit 4 is arranged at the upper end of a fire grate 11 at the inner side of the gasifier wall.
The plasma jet flow conduit 4 is provided with a plurality of outlets (the number is n, n is more than or equal to 2), the outlets are uniformly distributed on the plasma jet flow conduit 4, the included angle alpha between the angle of the outlets and the horizontal plane is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 30 degrees, active particles which are rich in the active particles and are beneficial to gasification are ejected at the outlets, and the temperature of the plasma jet flow 9 is in the range of 300-1200 ℃;
the material to be treated (hazardous waste) is acted on by plasma jet through the feeding pipe 1 which can be fed from top to bottom through a feeding device and is accumulated on a fire grate 10 in the gasification furnace, and the organic matters in the material to be treated are gasified to form synthesis gas (CO+H) rich under the action of the plasma rich in active particles at the temperature 2 ) High temperature flue gas;
the wall-attached wind 6 is arranged on the inner side surface of the gasification furnace, 4 paths of air inlets are arranged along the same height section of the furnace body, and a side wall tangential rotational flow entering mode is adopted; the wall surface safety protection device not only can be used for protecting the safety of the wall surface 5, but also can be used for adhering wind, controlling the temperature and the flow field in the furnace, prolonging the residence time of the treated objects in the furnace, further thoroughly gasifying the treated objects and reducing the rate of bottom slag.
After the middle of the furnace body is gasified, the formed residues pass through the fire grate and finally fall into a slag collecting device 8 at the bottom of the furnace body.
According to the requirements of working conditions, the input energy and the air supply quantity (the plasma jet air quantity, the wall adhering air quantity and the feeding quantity) are controlled, and the temperature of the flue gas outlet 9 is adjustable;
the furnace is internally lined with a special corrosion-resistant, thermal shock-resistant and fire-resistant material 5;
the flue gas finally exits from the flue gas outlet 9 and enters a flue gas treatment system of the next process;
in summary, as the main stream gasification furnace in the current market has low gasification efficiency, the discharged bottom slag has higher heat reduction rate and is easy to coke; after some manufacturers adopt a plasma gasification furnace mode, the gasification efficiency is improved, and the heat rate of the bottom slag is reduced; however, due to the adoption of an arc plasma mode, the temperature is high, the energy is concentrated, local heat load overtemperature is brought, the temperature in the furnace is uneven, and the problem of local coking is aggravated; at the same time, a series of problems such as high nitrogen oxide content in the flue gas are brought; therefore, the multi-arc plasma gasifier adopted by the invention is a high-efficiency treatment process for burning dangerous wastes. The problems that the temperature in the furnace is uneven, the energy consumption is overlarge due to overhigh temperature, the refractory material is easy to burn through due to local overheating in the furnace, and the concentration of pollutants (such as heavy metals) in the flue gas is too high to be treated due to the fact that the pollutants are easy to volatilize into a gas phase due to overhigh temperature are solved, high-concentration active particles in the plasma, a uniform temperature field and high-speed plasma flow are utilized to the greatest extent through a multi-arc plasma and annular plasma jet transport technology, heat rich in the high-concentration active particles and suitable for gasification is fed into a processed material, the gasification efficiency is effectively improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the stability and reliability of a system are improved.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A multi-arc plasma gasification furnace is based on a gasification furnace (3), a feeding pipe (1) is longitudinally arranged at the top of the gasification furnace (3), a fire grate (11) is transversely arranged in the gasification furnace (3), a slag collecting device (8) is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace (3), and a smoke outlet (9) is arranged on the side wall of the top of the gasification furnace (3), and the multi-arc plasma gasification furnace is characterized in that:
the device also comprises a multi-arc plasma generator (2), wherein the multi-arc plasma generator (2) is arranged on the side wall of the plasma jet pipe (4), and the outlet end of the nozzle section of the multi-arc plasma generator (2) is communicated with the gas inflow end of the plasma jet pipe (4);
the plasma jet flow conduit (4) is arranged at the upper end of a fire grate (11) at the inner side of the furnace wall of the gasification furnace (3);
n plasma hot air outflow openings are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the plasma jet flow conduit (4), n is more than or equal to 2, and the included angle between the angle of the plasma hot air outflow opening and the horizontal plane is 0 o ≤ɑ≤30 o ；
The multi-arc plasma generator (2) comprises an arc chamber (21), m arc plasma torches (22) with the same structure are arranged in the arc chamber (21), m is more than or equal to 2, the arc chamber (21) is sequentially divided into an inner diameter expanding section (23), an inner diameter invariable straight pipe section (24), an inner diameter shrinking section (25) and an inner diameter invariable nozzle section (26) with gradually increased inner diameter along the axial direction, a gas inflow port (27) is arranged at the top end of the arc chamber (21), a straight pipe section air inlet pipe (210) is arranged at the straight pipe section (24) of the arc chamber, an annular opposite flushing gas distributor (28) is connected to the straight pipe section air inlet pipe, a nozzle section air inlet pipe (211) is arranged at the arc chamber nozzle section (26), and an annular rotational flow gas distributor (29) is connected to the nozzle section air inlet pipe;
the m arc plasma torches (22) are respectively inserted into the inner diameter expansion sections (23) of the arc chamber (21) and are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the included angles formed by the central axes of the arc plasma torches and the central axes of the arc chamber in space are acute angles beta with the same angle, which are more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 75 degrees.
2. The multi-arc plasma gasifier according to claim 1, wherein: an adherence air pipe (7) is arranged on the inner side surface of the gasification furnace (3), 4 paths of air inlets are arranged along the same height section of the furnace body, and vortex adherence air (6) is formed in the gasification furnace (3) by adopting a side wall tangential rotational flow entering mode.
3. The multi-arc plasma gasifier according to claim 1, wherein: the gasification furnace (3) is internally provided with a corrosion-resistant, thermal shock-resistant and fire-resistant material (5).
4. A multi-arc plasma gasifier according to claim 3, wherein:
the annular opposite-flushing gas distributor (28) is coaxially arranged on the inner wall of the straight pipe section (24) of the arc chamber, a plurality of layers of gas outflow ports are arranged on the inner wall of the annular opposite-flushing gas distributor (28), and the central axes of the gas outflow ports on the same plane are intersected at the same position point of the central axis of the arc chamber.
5. The multi-arc plasma gasifier according to claim 4, wherein:
the annular swirl gas distributor (29) is coaxially arranged on the inner wall of the arc chamber nozzle section (26), and a plurality of tangential gas outflow openings are formed in the inner annular wall of the annular gas distributor, and the tangential directions of the tangential gas outflow openings are consistent.
6. The multi-arc plasma gasifier according to claim 1, wherein:
the arc chamber is lined with refractory material and thermal insulation material.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111193494.6A CN113881460B (en) | 2021-10-13 | 2021-10-13 | Multi-arc plasma gasification furnace |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111193494.6A CN113881460B (en) | 2021-10-13 | 2021-10-13 | Multi-arc plasma gasification furnace |
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| CN113881460B true CN113881460B (en) | 2024-04-02 |
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| CN115287098B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-07-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Plasma gasification solid waste treatment device |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2660328Y (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2004-12-01 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Plasma cracking furnace having organic refuse reinforcedly cracked |
| CN103666573A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-26 | 中国五环工程有限公司 | Pressurized gasification process and system for gasifying solid waste through plasma fixed bed |
| CN104449854A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-03-25 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Integrated garbage plasma gasifier with water-cooling wall |
| CN105018149A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-04 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Domestic refuse plasma gasification reaction furnace |
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2021
- 2021-10-13 CN CN202111193494.6A patent/CN113881460B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2660328Y (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2004-12-01 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Plasma cracking furnace having organic refuse reinforcedly cracked |
| CN103666573A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-26 | 中国五环工程有限公司 | Pressurized gasification process and system for gasifying solid waste through plasma fixed bed |
| CN104449854A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-03-25 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Integrated garbage plasma gasifier with water-cooling wall |
| CN105018149A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-04 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Domestic refuse plasma gasification reaction furnace |
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| CN113881460A (en) | 2022-01-04 |
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