CN109868160B - Plasma nozzle for gasifying coal water slurry, gasifier and gasification method - Google Patents
Plasma nozzle for gasifying coal water slurry, gasifier and gasification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109868160B CN109868160B CN201711251412.2A CN201711251412A CN109868160B CN 109868160 B CN109868160 B CN 109868160B CN 201711251412 A CN201711251412 A CN 201711251412A CN 109868160 B CN109868160 B CN 109868160B
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 60
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a plasma nozzle for gasifying coal water slurry, a gasifier and a gasification method. The nozzle includes a nozzle body and a cooling system; the nozzle main body comprises a cathode spray pipe, an anode spray pipe, a middle ring spray pipe and an outer ring spray pipe which are coaxially sleeved in sequence from inside to outside, and a first gasifying agent channel, a coal water slurry channel and a second gasifying agent channel are sequentially formed between every two of the nozzle main bodies; the end of the first gasifying agent channel is sealed through a first insulating connector; the inside of the cathode spray pipe and the inside of the anode spray pipe are respectively provided with a cooling medium channel, and the inner wall surfaces of the cooling medium channels are respectively provided with a heat-conducting insulating coating; an insulating sleeve attached to the outer wall surface of the anode spray pipe is arranged on the outer wall surface of the anode spray pipe; the front ends of the anode spray head and the cathode head form a discharge space; the cooling system is used for reducing the temperature of the outer ring spray head. The nozzle can realize direct ignition start of the coal water slurry without preheating, save the baking time, reduce the energy consumption and improve the reaction rate, the carbon conversion rate and the gasification efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plasma nozzle for gasifying coal water slurry, a gasifier and a gasification method.
Background
The clean and efficient utilization of coal is an important subject in the fields of energy utilization and environmental protection of China at present, and is one of key technologies for the sustainable development of national economy of China. The coal gasification technology is used as one of the core technologies of clean coal technology, and the prepared synthesis gas is the basis for developing coal-based chemicals, coal-based liquid fuels, advanced IGCC power generation, polygeneration systems, hydrogen production, fuel cells and other process industries and is the tap technology of the industries. Among them, entrained flow gasification technology has been rapidly promoted and widely used worldwide due to its advantages of strong adaptability of coal, high productivity and gasification efficiency. Entrained flow gasifiers can be divided into two types according to different feeding modes: one type is dry feeding, wherein pulverized coal is directly pneumatically conveyed to a nozzle; the other is wet feed, which delivers the slurry to the nozzle. As one of the key components indispensable to these two types of gasifiers, the development of nozzle technology directly determines the operation stability, efficiency and reliability of the entrained-flow gasifier.
In the prior art, the ignition process of the coal water slurry gasifier is as follows: firstly, a preheating nozzle is adopted to raise the furnace temperature to be more than 1200 ℃ and keep the temperature constant, and then a process nozzle is replaced to feed materials. The ignition process described above has the following drawbacks: the nozzle needs to be replaced for many times in the ignition process, so that the process is relatively complex, the starting time is long, and the safe feeding and the stable operation of the device in the chemical production are not facilitated; in addition, the ignition process needs to consume a large amount of energy to raise the temperature of the hearth, the water-coal slurry contains a large amount of water, the water-gas vaporization steam needs to absorb a large amount of heat, and the coal, the steam and the CO 2 The gasification reaction of (a) also consumes a large amount of heat, and the reaction temperature cannot reach a higher level by adopting the nozzle in the prior art, so that the gasification efficiency is greatly affected.
Currently, plasma technology has been widely used in the fields of welding, cutting, ignition, metal smelting, garbage incineration, waste treatment, etc., where plasma is a substance state at high temperature or under specific excitation, is a partially or completely ionized gaseous substance, is composed of a large number of charged particles (ions, electrons) and neutral particles (atoms, molecules), and can reach temperatures as high as tens of thousands degrees.
In the prior art, plasma technology has been applied to the pulverized coal gasification field, for example: chinese patent document CN104869741a discloses a plasma torch for gasification, chinese patent document CN103200757a discloses an arc plasma torch, but the torch is only applicable to solid powder fuel (pulverized coal), and the working gas is only applicable to steam, besides the above limitations, the structure is complex, the system is huge, and the torch cannot be applicable to gasification of coal water slurry; chinese patent document CN1478869a discloses a method and apparatus for gasification of coal by plasma, which is also applicable only to gasification of pulverized coal, and the plasma generator is separated from the feeder separately, making the system too complex and bulky.
Therefore, a nozzle which can be suitable for the coal water slurry and can realize the direct ignition start of the coal water slurry without preheating is sought, and the nozzle is a technical problem which needs to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that a nozzle for gasifying water coal slurry in the prior art needs to be preheated before ignition and starting and a plasma nozzle suitable for gasifying the water coal slurry does not exist, and provides the plasma nozzle, the gasifier and the gasification method for gasifying the water coal slurry. The plasma nozzle has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture and maintenance, wide application range, long service life and excellent atomization performance. The plasma nozzle can realize direct ignition and starting of the coal water slurry without preheating, can greatly save the baking time, reduce the energy consumption, and can greatly improve the reaction rate, the carbon conversion rate and the gasification efficiency.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical proposal:
a plasma nozzle for gasification of coal water slurry, comprising a nozzle body; the nozzle body comprises a cathode nozzle, an anode nozzle, a middle ring nozzle and an outer ring nozzle; the axes of the cathode spray pipe, the anode spray pipe, the middle ring spray pipe and the outer ring spray pipe are on the same straight line;
the cathode spray pipe is provided with a first front end and a first tail end, the first front end is a cathode head, and the cathode head is provided with a truncated cone structure with a diameter gradually reduced along the direction from the first tail end to the first front end; a first cooling medium channel for cooling medium to flow in and out is arranged in the cathode spray pipe, and a first heat-conducting insulating coating is arranged on the inner wall surface of the first cooling medium channel; the anode spray pipe is sleeved outside the cathode spray pipe, a first gasifying agent channel is formed between the anode spray pipe and the cathode spray pipe, and the tail end of the first gasifying agent channel is sealed through a first insulating connecting piece; the front end of the anode spray pipe is provided with an anode spray head, and the diameter of the anode spray head is gradually reduced along the direction from the first tail end to the first front end; the front end face of the anode spray head is provided with a first spray nozzle which is communicated with the first gasifying agent channel and is used for spraying gasifying agent into the furnace; an insulating sleeve attached to the outer wall surface of the anode spray pipe is arranged on the outer wall surface of the anode spray pipe; a second cooling medium channel for cooling medium to flow in and out is arranged in the anode spray pipe, and a second heat-conducting insulating coating is arranged on the inner wall surface of the second cooling medium channel;
the middle ring spray pipe is sleeved outside the anode spray pipe, and a coal water slurry channel is formed between the middle ring spray pipe and the anode spray pipe; the front end of the middle ring spray pipe is a middle ring spray head, and the diameter of the middle ring spray head is gradually reduced along the direction from the first tail end to the first front end; the front end face of the middle ring spray head is provided with a second spray nozzle which is communicated with the coal water slurry channel and is used for spraying the coal water slurry into the furnace;
the outer ring spray pipe is sleeved outside the middle ring spray pipe, and a second gasifying agent channel is formed between the outer ring spray pipe and the middle ring spray pipe; the front end of the outer ring spray pipe is an outer ring spray head, and the diameter of the outer ring spray head is gradually reduced along the direction from the first tail end to the first front end; a third nozzle is formed in the front end face of the outer ring nozzle, and is communicated with the second gasifying agent channel and used for spraying gasifying agent into the furnace;
the first nozzle is provided with an arc implantation side wall, and the height of the arc implantation side wall is 50-100mm; the distance between the front end face of the anode spray head and the front end face of the middle ring spray head is 10-40mm.
Preferably, the material of the cathode spray tube is zirconium or copper. The nozzle adopting the material can realize periodic stable work and prolong the service life.
Preferably, the tail end of the cathode spray tube is provided with a first cooling medium inlet and a first cooling medium outlet; the first cooling medium inlet is used for providing cooling medium for the first cooling medium channel; the first cooling medium outlet is used for discharging the cooling medium in the first cooling medium channel.
More preferably, a first reinforcement and a first waterproof short-circuiting tube are further arranged inside the cathode nozzle, the first reinforcement extends from the tail end of the cathode nozzle to the front end of the cathode nozzle, and the first waterproof short-circuiting tube is sleeved outside the first reinforcement, extends from the tail end of the cathode nozzle to the front end of the cathode nozzle and is not in contact with the front end of the cathode nozzle.
Preferably, the plasma nozzle is further provided with a cyclone for tangentially introducing gasifying agent into the first gasifying agent channel and a second insulating connector for insulating the cyclone from the anode nozzle.
More preferably, the number of the cyclones is 4, and the cyclones are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the tail end of the first gasifying agent channel. At this time, the gasifying agent enters the first gasifying agent channel along four tangential directions through the cyclone, forms a cyclone around the cathode, and is ionized into high-temperature plasma by an electric arc formed between the cathode head and the anode nozzle when reaching the outlet of the first gasifying agent channel.
Even more preferably, the inner diameter of the cyclone is equal to the outer diameter of the first gasifying agent passage.
Preferably, the tail end of the anode spray pipe is provided with a second cooling medium inlet and a second cooling medium outlet; the second cooling medium inlet is used for providing cooling medium for the second cooling medium channel; the second cooling medium outlet is used for discharging the cooling medium in the second cooling medium channel.
More preferably, a second waterproof short-circuiting tube is further arranged inside the anode spray tube, and the second waterproof short-circuiting tube extends from the tail end of the cathode spray tube to the front end of the anode spray tube and is not in contact with the front end of the anode spray tube.
Preferably, the tail end of the coal water slurry channel is connected with the anode spray pipe through a flange, and an insulating sealing gasket is arranged between the flanges.
Preferably, the tail end of the outer annular spray pipe is connected with the middle annular spray pipe through a flange.
Preferably, the side wall of the middle ring spray pipe is provided with a coal water slurry inlet, and the coal water slurry inlet is used for leading the coal water slurry into the coal water slurry channel.
Preferably, the side wall of the outer ring spray pipe is provided with a gasifying agent inlet, and the gasifying agent inlet is used for introducing gasifying agent into the second gasifying agent channel.
Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the first thermal conductive insulating coating and the second thermal conductive insulating coating is 8W/(m·k) or more.
Preferably, the thickness of the first heat conductive insulating coating and the second heat conductive insulating coating is 1-10mm, for example, may be 2mm.
Preferably, the insulating sleeve is made of ceramic.
In the present invention, the height of the arc implantation side wall may be 75mm, for example, and the discharge space is formed between the cathode head and the arc implantation side wall, for ionizing the gasifying agent to generate plasma. When the device works, an electric arc is formed between the cathode head and the anode nozzle, and the gasifying agent is ionized to generate plasma.
Preferably, the first nozzle is cylindrical, that is, the arc implantation side wall is a circumferential surface of the cylinder.
Preferably, the outer side wall of the cathode head is parallel to the inner side wall of the anode spray head; the outer side wall of the anode spray head is parallel to the inner side wall of the middle ring spray head; the outer side wall of the middle ring spray head is parallel to the inner side wall of the outer ring spray head; the distance between the front end face of the cathode head and the top of the first nozzle is equal to the width of the first gasifying agent channel between the outer side wall of the cathode head and the inner side wall of the anode nozzle.
More preferably, the external contraction angle of the cathode head is equal to the internal contraction angle of the anode nozzle, and is 50-80 degrees, for example, 65 degrees; the external shrinkage angle of the anode spray head is equal to the internal shrinkage angle of the middle ring spray head and is 45-80 degrees, for example, 55 degrees; the outer contraction angle of the middle ring spray head is equal to the inner contraction angle of the outer ring spray head, and is 45-80 degrees, for example, can be 55 degrees.
The outer shrinkage angle of the cathode head is an included angle between the outer side wall of the cathode head and the horizontal plane; the internal shrinkage angle of the anode spray head is an included angle between the inner side wall of the anode spray head and the horizontal plane; the external shrinkage angle of the anode spray head is an included angle between the outer side wall of the anode spray head and the horizontal plane; the inner shrinkage angle of the middle ring spray head is an included angle between the inner side wall of the middle ring spray head and the horizontal plane; the outer shrinkage angle of the middle ring spray head is an included angle between the outer side wall of the middle ring spray head and the horizontal plane; the inner shrinkage angle of the outer ring spray head is an included angle between the inner side wall of the outer ring spray head and the horizontal plane.
In the present invention, the distance between the front end surface of the anode nozzle and the front end surface of the middle ring nozzle may be 30mm, for example.
Preferably, the front end face of the middle ring spray head is flush with the front end face of the outer ring spray head.
Preferably, the anode spray head, the middle ring spray head and the outer ring spray head are made of UMCo-50 alloy materials. The nozzle adopting the material can realize long-period stable work and prolong the service life.
Preferably, the plasma nozzle further comprises a cooling system for reducing the temperature of the outer ring showerhead; the cooling system comprises a cooling chamber and a cooling coil pipe, wherein the cooling chamber is arranged on the outer side of the outer ring spray nozzle, the cooling chamber is provided with a third cooling medium inlet and a third cooling medium outlet, the third cooling medium outlet is communicated with the cooling coil pipe, and the cooling coil pipe is spirally wound on the outer wall of the outer ring spray pipe.
More preferably, the cooling chamber is coaxially disposed outside the outer ring nozzle.
In the present invention, the positions of the anode nozzle and the cathode nozzle may be interchanged.
The invention also provides a gasifier, which comprises the plasma nozzle.
In the present invention, the plasma nozzle is preferably connected to the gasification furnace through a flange.
In the invention, one or more plasma nozzles can be arranged on a certain plane or a plurality of planes of the top or the side wall of the gasifier body.
In the present invention, the gasification furnace is preferably an entrained flow gasification furnace.
The invention also provides a gasification method of the coal water slurry, which adopts the gasification furnace provided with the plasma nozzle, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Gasifying agent flowing out of the first gasifying agent channel is ionized by an electric arc between the cathode head and the anode head, so as to obtain gasifying agent plasma;
(2) And shearing and atomizing the coal water slurry flowing out of the second nozzle by the gasifying agent plasma and the gasifying agent flowing out of the third nozzle, and then carrying out gasification reaction in the gasification furnace.
In the present invention, the kind and amount of the gasifying agent may be those conventional in the art.
Preferably, the gasifying agent is pure oxygen, which is typically 99.8% pure. More preferably, the flow rate of the gasifying agent entering the first gasifying agent channel is 50% -80%, for example, may be 70%, of the sum of the flow rate of the gasifying agent entering the first gasifying agent channel and the flow rate of the gasifying agent entering the second gasifying agent channel.
Preferably, the solid content of the coal water slurry is 50wt% to 70wt%, for example, 61wt%.
Preferably, the flow rate of the gasifying agent in the first gasifying agent channel and the second gasifying agent channel is 0-50m/s and is not 0, for example, 30m/s; the flow velocity of the coal water slurry at the outlet of the coal water slurry channel is 0.1-1.0m/s, for example, can be 0.5m/s; the outlet flow rate of the oxygen plasma at the nozzle of the anode nozzle is 100-340m/s, for example, 340m/s. The outlet flow velocity of the specially selected plasmas can strengthen the atomization effect of the coal water slurry and further improve the carbon conversion rate.
Preferably, the gasification process operates at a gasification pressure of 0.1 to 10.0MPa, for example 4.0MPa.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plasma nozzle further comprises a cooling system for reducing the temperature of the outer ring showerhead; the cooling system comprises a cooling chamber and a cooling coil pipe, the cooling chamber is arranged at the outer side of the outer ring spray nozzle, the cooling chamber is provided with a third cooling medium inlet and a third cooling medium outlet, the third cooling medium outlet is communicated with the cooling coil pipe, and the cooling coil pipe is spirally wound on the outer wall of the outer ring spray pipe;
wherein the cooling medium entering through the third cooling medium inlet is saturated steam with the temperature of 250 ℃, and the flow rate of the cooling medium is 3.5kg/s.
In the present invention, preferably, the gasification furnace is an entrained flow gasification furnace. More preferably, the gasification furnace is a vertical entrained flow gasification furnace.
On the basis of conforming to the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain the preferred examples of the invention.
The invention has the positive progress effects that: the invention provides a plasma nozzle for gasifying coal water slurry, a gasifier and a gasification method. The plasma nozzle has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture and maintenance, wide application range, long service life, excellent atomization performance, higher popularization and application values and capability of improving the carbon conversion rate. By adopting the plasma nozzle, the water-coal-slurry can be directly ignited by high-temperature oxygen plasma at a lower hearth temperature, so that the ignition start of the gasifier is completed, and the gasifier baking time and energy consumption are saved. The gasification furnace with the plasma nozzle can flexibly adjust the arrangement of the nozzle, thereby being more convenient to be matched with the furnace body to form a proper flow field. The plasma nozzle can ionize oxygen into plasma with the temperature of more than 5000 ℃, can directly decompose water in the coal water slurry into active substances such as hydrogen, oxygen, hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups and the like, and the active substances directly perform gasification reaction with coal, so that the reaction rate, the carbon conversion rate and the gasification efficiency are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the plasma nozzle of example 1 along a central axis;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the plasma nozzle A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial schematic view of the plasma nozzle head of example 1;
reference numerals illustrate:
outer ring nozzle 1
Middle ring nozzle 2
Anode shower nozzle 3
Cooling chamber 4
Cathode head 5
Cooling coil 6
Insulating sleeve 7
Outer ring nozzle 8
Middle ring jet pipe 9
First flange 10
A third cooling medium inlet 11
Third cooling medium outlet 12
Second gasifying agent channel 13
Coal water slurry channel 14
First gasifying agent channel 15
Outer ring gasifying agent inlet 16
Second flange 17
Anode nozzle 18
Cathode nozzle 19
Coal water slurry inlet 20
Third flange 21
Second cooling medium passage 22
A second cooling medium inlet 23
Second cooling medium outlet 24
Second insulating connector 25
Cyclone 26
First insulating connector 27
First cooling medium passage 28
First cooling medium inlet 29
First cooling medium outlet 30
Tangential swirl inlet 31
Front end face 32 of anode nozzle
Front end face 33 of middle ring nozzle
Front end face 34 of outer ring nozzle
Arc implantation side wall 35
Top 36 of first spout
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by means of examples which follow, without thereby restricting the scope of the invention thereto.
Example 1
(1) Plasma nozzle for gasifying coal water slurry
The plasma nozzle for gasifying the coal water slurry as shown in fig. 1 comprises a nozzle body and a cooling system; the nozzle body comprises a cathode nozzle 19, an anode nozzle 18, a middle ring nozzle 9 and an outer ring nozzle 8 which are coaxially arranged; the cathode spray pipe 19 is made of zirconium, and the anode spray head 3, the middle ring spray head 2 and the outer ring spray head 1 are made of UMCo-50 alloy materials; the cathode spray tube 19 has a first front end and a first end, the first front end is a cathode head 5, and the cathode head 5 has a truncated cone structure with a diameter gradually reduced along the direction from the first end to the first front end; a first cooling medium channel 28 is arranged in the cathode spray pipe 19, and a first heat-conducting insulating coating is arranged on the inner wall surface of the first cooling medium channel 28; the anode spray pipe 18 is sleeved outside the cathode spray pipe 19, a first gasifying agent channel 15 is formed between the anode spray pipe 18 and the cathode spray pipe 19, and the tail end of the first gasifying agent channel 15 is sealed through a first insulating connecting piece 27; the front end of the anode spray pipe 18 is provided with an anode spray head 3, and the diameter of the anode spray head 3 is gradually reduced along the direction from the first tail end to the first front end; the front end surface of the anode nozzle 3 is provided with a first nozzle which is communicated with a first gasifying agent channel 15 and is used for spraying gasifying agent into the furnace; an insulating sleeve 7 attached to the outer wall surface of the anode spray pipe 18 is arranged on the outer wall surface of the anode spray pipe, and the insulating sleeve 7 is made of ceramic; a second cooling medium channel 22 is arranged in the anode spray pipe 18, and a second heat-conducting insulating coating is arranged on the inner wall surface of the second cooling medium channel 22; a discharge space is formed between the front end surface of the cathode head 5 and the front end surface of the anode nozzle 3 and is used for ionizing the gasifying agent in the first channel to generate plasma; the middle ring spray pipe 9 is sleeved outside the anode spray pipe 18, and a coal water slurry channel 14 is formed between the middle ring spray pipe 9 and the anode spray pipe 18; the front end of the middle ring spray pipe 9 is provided with a middle ring spray head 2, and the diameter of the middle ring spray head 2 is gradually reduced from the first tail end to the first front end; the front end face of the middle ring spray head 2 is provided with a second spray nozzle which is communicated with the coal water slurry channel 14 and is used for spraying the coal water slurry into the furnace; the outer ring spray pipe 8 is sleeved outside the middle ring spray pipe 9, and a second gasifying agent channel 13 is formed between the outer ring spray pipe 8 and the middle ring spray pipe 9; the front end of the outer ring spray pipe 8 is provided with an outer ring spray head 1, and the diameter of the outer ring spray head 1 is gradually reduced along the direction from the first tail end to the first front end; the front end surface of the outer ring spray head 1 is provided with a third spray nozzle which is communicated with the second gasifying agent channel 13 and is used for spraying gasifying agent into the furnace; the cooling system is used to reduce the temperature of the outer ring showerhead 1. Wherein:
the end of the cathode nozzle 19 is also provided with a first cooling medium inlet and a first cooling medium outlet 30; the first cooling medium inlet is for supplying cooling medium to the first cooling medium channel 28; the first cooling medium outlet 30 is for discharging the cooling medium in the first cooling medium passage 28.
The inside of the cathode spray tube 19 is also provided with a first reinforcement and a first waterproof short-circuiting tube, wherein the first reinforcement extends from the tail end of the cathode spray tube 19 to the front end of the cathode spray tube 19, and the first waterproof short-circuiting tube is sleeved outside the first reinforcement, extends from the tail end of the cathode spray tube 19 to the front end of the cathode spray tube 19 and is not in contact with the front end of the cathode spray tube 19.
The plasma nozzle is further provided with a swirler 26 for tangentially introducing a gasifying agent into the first gasifying agent channel 15 and with a second insulating connection 25 for insulating the swirler 26 from the anode nozzle 18.
As shown in fig. 2, the number of cyclones 26 is 4, the inner diameter of the cyclones 26 is equal to the outer diameter of the first gasifying agent passage 15, and the cyclones are uniformly distributed on the end side wall of the first gasifying agent passage 15. At this time, the gasifying agent enters the first gasifying agent channel 15 along four tangential directions through the cyclone 26, forms a cyclone around the cathode, and is ionized into high-temperature plasma by an arc formed between the cathode head 5 and the anode nozzle 3 when reaching the outlet of the first gasifying agent channel 15.
The end of the anode nozzle 18 is also provided with a second cooling medium inlet and a second cooling medium outlet 24; the second cooling medium inlet is for supplying cooling medium to the second cooling medium passage 22; the second cooling medium outlet 24 is for discharging the cooling medium in the second cooling medium passage 22. The anode nozzle 18 is also provided with a second waterproof shorting cylinder inside, which extends from the end of the cathode nozzle 19 to the front end of the anode nozzle 18 and is not in contact with the front end of the anode nozzle 18.
The tail end of the coal water slurry channel 14 is also connected with the anode spray pipe 18 through a third flange 21, and an insulating sealing gasket is arranged between the third flanges 21. The end of the outer ring lance 8 is also connected to the middle ring lance 9 via a second flange 17. The side wall of the middle ring spray pipe 9 is provided with a coal water slurry inlet 20, and the coal water slurry inlet 20 is used for leading coal water slurry into the coal water slurry channel 14. The side wall of the outer ring lance 8 is provided with a gasifying agent inlet for introducing gasifying agent into the second gasifying agent channel 13. The thermal conductivity of the first thermal conductive insulating coating and the second thermal conductive insulating coating is 8W/(m.K). The thickness of the first heat-conducting insulating coating and the second heat-conducting insulating coating is 2mm.
The first nozzle is cylindrical, namely, the arc implantation side wall 35 is the circumferential surface of the cylinder, the arc implantation side wall 35 is used for arc implantation, and the height h of the arc implantation side wall 35 is 75mm; a discharge space is formed between the cathode head 5 and the arc implantation side wall 35 for ionizing the gasifying agent to generate plasma. In operation, an arc is formed between the cathode head 5 and the anode nozzle 3 to ionize the gasifying agent and generate plasma.
The outer side wall of the cathode head 5 is parallel to the inner side wall of the anode nozzle 3; the outer side wall of the anode spray head 3 is parallel to the inner side wall of the middle ring spray head 2; the outer side wall of the middle ring spray head 2 is parallel to the inner side wall of the outer ring spray head 1; the distance between the front end surface of the cathode head 5 and the top 36 of the first nozzle is equal to the width of the first gasifying agent passage 15 between the outer side wall of the cathode head 5 and the inner side wall of the anode shower head 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the outer contraction angle α of the cathode head 5 and the inner contraction angle α of the anode shower head 3 are equal and 65 °; the external contraction angle beta of the anode nozzle 3 is equal to the internal contraction angle beta of the middle ring nozzle 2 and is 55 degrees; the outer contraction angle delta of the middle ring nozzle 2 is equal to the inner contraction angle delta of the outer ring nozzle 1 and is 55 deg..
The external shrinkage angle of the cathode head 5 is an included angle between the outer side wall of the cathode head 5 and the horizontal plane; the internal shrinkage angle of the anode spray head 3 is the included angle between the inner side wall of the anode spray head 3 and the horizontal plane; the external shrinkage angle of the anode spray head 3 is an included angle between the outer side wall of the anode spray head 3 and the horizontal plane; the inner contraction angle of the middle ring spray head 2 is the included angle between the inner side wall of the middle ring spray head 2 and the horizontal plane; the outer shrinkage angle of the middle ring spray head 2 is an included angle between the outer side wall of the middle ring spray head 2 and the horizontal plane; the inner contraction angle of the outer ring spray head 1 is the included angle between the inner side wall of the outer ring spray head 1 and the horizontal plane.
The distance between the front end face 32 of the anode nozzle and the front end face 33 of the middle ring nozzle is 30mm, and the front end face 33 of the middle ring nozzle is flush with the front end face 34 of the outer ring nozzle.
The cooling system comprises a cooling chamber 4 and a cooling coil 6, the cooling chamber 4 is coaxially arranged at the outer side of the outer ring spray head 1, the cooling chamber 4 is provided with a third cooling medium inlet 11 and a third cooling medium outlet 12, and the third cooling medium inlet 11 and the third cooling medium outlet 12 are fixed on the side wall of the outer ring spray pipe 8 through a first flange 10; the third cooling medium outlet 12 is in communication with the cooling coil 6, and the cooling coil 6 is spirally wound on the outer wall of the outer ring nozzle 8.
(2) Gasification furnace
The plasma nozzle is fixed to the vertical entrained flow gasifier by the first flange 10.
(3) Gasification method of coal water slurry
The entrained-flow bed gasifier is adopted for gasifying the coal water slurry, and the specific steps are as follows:
the coal water slurry with 61 percent (wt%) of solid content is used as fuel, and the oxygen with 99.8 percent is used as gasifying agent. Part of oxygen enters the first gasifying agent channel 15 through the four tangential swirl inlets 31 of the swirler 26, forms swirl around the cathode, and is ionized into oxygen plasma by an electric arc formed between the cathode head 5 and the anode nozzle 3 when reaching the outlet of the first gasifying agent channel 15, the temperature of the oxygen plasma is higher than 5000 ℃, and the outlet speed is also rapidly increased. The water-coal-slurry enters the nozzle from the water-coal-slurry inlet 20, is sheared and atomized by high-temperature high-speed oxygen plasma jet at the middle ring nozzle 2, the moisture in the water-coal-slurry is rapidly decomposed into active substances such as hydrogen, oxygen, hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups and the like, the coal in the water-coal-slurry, the high-temperature oxygen plasma and the active substances are fully mixed and then enter the gasification furnace, and the mixture is directly ignited at the nozzle outlet to form stable gasification flame and generate partial combustion and gasification reaction. Another part of oxygen enters the second gasifying agent channel 13 through the outer ring gasifying agent inlet 16, so that the atomizing effect is better and the gasification is more sufficient. At this time, the gasification furnace directly completes ignition and driving in a low-temperature state. After the plasma nozzle was continuously operated for a period of time, the furnace temperature was raised to about 1450 ℃, and the gasification operating pressure was 4.0MPa.
Wherein: the flow rate ratio of the control oxygen in the first gasifying agent passage 15 and the second gasifying agent passage 13 is: 70% and 30%; the oxygen flow rate of the first gasifying agent channel 15 and the second gasifying agent channel 13 was 30m/s, the outlet flow rate of the coal water slurry was 0.5m/s, and the outlet flow rate of the oxygen plasma was about 340m/s.
The cooling system of the plasma nozzle adopts saturated water vapor with the temperature of 250 ℃ as a cooling medium to enter the cooling chamber 4 through the third cooling medium inlet 11 and then enter the cooling coil 6, the flow is 3.5kg/s, and the outlet temperature of the cooling water is about 252.5 ℃.
Effect data: the plasma nozzle has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture and maintenance, wide application range, long service life, excellent atomization performance, higher popularization and application values and capability of improving the carbon conversion rate.
The gasification furnace with the plasma nozzle can flexibly adjust the arrangement of the nozzle, thereby being more convenient to be matched with a furnace body to form a proper flow field.
By adopting the plasma nozzle, the water-coal-slurry can be directly ignited by high-temperature oxygen plasma at a lower hearth temperature, so that the ignition start of the gasifier is completed, and the gasifier baking time and energy consumption are saved.
By adopting the gasification method of the plasma nozzle, oxygen can be ionized into plasma with the temperature of more than 5000 ℃, and effective gas (CO+H) in synthesis gas produced by the gasification furnace 2 ) The components are about 89%, the carbon conversion rate reaches more than 99%, and the gasification nozzle is obviously improved compared with a common water-coal-slurry gasification nozzle.
The effect of the prior art:
1. the nozzles disclosed in the Chinese patent documents CN1478869A, CN104869741A, CN103200757A, CN202281222U, CN103589459A and CN102534458A can not ignite the coal water slurry;
2. plasma coal gasification method and device disclosed in Chinese patent document CN1478869AApparatus for producing a synthesis gas with a total of available gas (CO+H) 2 ) The composition was less than 45% (the contents of the different examples were slightly different, but were all less than 45%).
As can be seen by comparing the technical effects of the present invention with those of the prior art, the nozzle of the present invention can enable the effective gas (CO+H) in the final synthesis gas 2 ) The composition is about 89%, which is far higher than that of the Chinese patent document CN1478869A, so the conversion efficiency of the invention is higher.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, but such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (17)
1. A plasma nozzle for gasifying coal water slurry, which is characterized by comprising a nozzle main body; the nozzle body comprises a cathode nozzle, an anode nozzle, a middle ring nozzle and an outer ring nozzle; the axes of the cathode spray pipe, the anode spray pipe, the middle ring spray pipe and the outer ring spray pipe are positioned on the same straight line;
the cathode spray pipe is provided with a first front end and a first tail end, the first front end is a cathode head, and the cathode head is provided with a truncated cone structure with a diameter gradually reduced along the direction from the first tail end to the first front end; a first cooling medium channel is arranged in the cathode spray pipe, and a first heat-conducting insulating coating is arranged on the inner wall surface of the first cooling medium channel;
the anode spray pipe is sleeved outside the cathode spray pipe, a first gasifying agent channel is formed between the anode spray pipe and the cathode spray pipe, and the tail end of the first gasifying agent channel is sealed through a first insulating connecting piece; the front end of the anode spray pipe is provided with an anode spray head, and the diameter of the anode spray head is gradually reduced along the direction from the first tail end to the first front end; the front end face of the anode spray head is provided with a first spray nozzle which is communicated with the first gasifying agent channel and is used for spraying gasifying agent into the furnace; an insulating sleeve attached to the outer wall surface of the anode spray pipe is arranged on the outer wall surface of the anode spray pipe; a second cooling medium channel is arranged in the anode spray pipe, and a second heat-conducting insulating coating is arranged on the inner wall surface of the second cooling medium channel;
the middle ring spray pipe is sleeved outside the anode spray pipe, and a coal water slurry channel is formed between the middle ring spray pipe and the anode spray pipe; the front end of the middle ring spray pipe is a middle ring spray head, and the diameter of the middle ring spray head is gradually reduced along the direction from the first tail end to the first front end; the front end face of the middle ring spray head is provided with a second spray nozzle which is communicated with the coal water slurry channel and is used for spraying the coal water slurry into the furnace;
the outer ring spray pipe is sleeved outside the middle ring spray pipe, and a second gasifying agent channel is formed between the outer ring spray pipe and the middle ring spray pipe; the front end of the outer ring spray pipe is an outer ring spray head, and the diameter of the outer ring spray head is gradually reduced along the direction from the first tail end to the first front end; a third nozzle is formed in the front end face of the outer ring nozzle, and is communicated with the second gasifying agent channel and used for spraying gasifying agent into the furnace;
the first nozzle is provided with an arc implantation side wall, and the height of the arc implantation side wall is 50-100mm; the distance between the front end face of the anode spray head and the front end face of the middle ring spray head is 10-40mm;
the plasma nozzle is also provided with a cyclone and a second insulating connecting piece, the cyclone is used for tangentially introducing gasifying agent into the first gasifying agent channel, and the second insulating connecting piece is used for realizing insulation between the cyclone and the anode spray pipe; the number of the cyclones is 4, and the cyclones are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the tail end of the first gasifying agent channel; the inner diameter of the cyclone is equal to the outer diameter of the first gasifying agent channel;
the plasma nozzle further comprises a cooling system for reducing the temperature of the outer ring showerhead; the cooling system comprises a cooling chamber and a cooling coil pipe, the cooling chamber is arranged at the outer side of the outer ring spray nozzle, the cooling chamber is provided with a third cooling medium inlet and a third cooling medium outlet, the third cooling medium outlet is communicated with the cooling coil pipe, and the cooling coil pipe is spirally wound on the outer wall of the outer ring spray pipe; the cooling chamber is coaxially arranged at the outer side of the outer ring spray head.
2. The plasma nozzle of claim 1, wherein the cathode nozzle is made of zirconium or copper;
and/or the anode spray head, the middle ring spray head and the outer ring spray head are made of UMCo-50 alloy materials.
3. The plasma nozzle of claim 1, wherein the end of the coal water slurry channel is connected to the anode nozzle via a flange, and an insulating sealing gasket is disposed between the flanges.
4. The plasma nozzle of claim 1, wherein the first thermally conductive insulating coating and the second thermally conductive insulating coating have a thermal conductivity of 8W/(m-K) or more;
and/or the thickness of the first heat conduction insulating coating and the second heat conduction insulating coating is 1-10mm;
and/or the insulating sleeve is made of ceramic.
5. The plasma nozzle of claim 1, wherein the first orifice is cylindrical.
6. The plasma nozzle of claim 5, wherein an outer sidewall of said cathode head is parallel to an inner sidewall of said anode showerhead; the outer side wall of the anode spray head is parallel to the inner side wall of the middle ring spray head; the outer side wall of the middle ring spray head is parallel to the inner side wall of the outer ring spray head; the distance between the front end face of the cathode head and the top of the first nozzle is equal to the width of the first gasifying agent channel between the outer side wall of the cathode head and the inner side wall of the anode nozzle.
7. The plasma nozzle of claim 6, wherein an outer contraction angle of said cathode head and an inner contraction angle of said anode showerhead are equal and are 50-80 °; the external shrinkage angle of the anode spray head is equal to the internal shrinkage angle of the middle ring spray head and is 45-80 degrees; the external shrinkage angle of the middle ring spray head is equal to the internal shrinkage angle of the outer ring spray head and is 45-80 degrees.
8. The plasma nozzle of any of claims 1-7, wherein a front end face of the middle ring showerhead is flush with a front end face of the outer ring showerhead.
9. A gasifier comprising a plasma nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The gasification furnace of claim 9, wherein the gasification furnace is an entrained flow gasification furnace.
11. The gasification furnace of claim 10, wherein the gasification furnace is a vertical entrained flow gasification furnace.
12. A method for gasifying coal water slurry, characterized in that the gasification method adopts a gasification furnace provided with a plasma nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the gasification method comprises the following steps:
(1) Gasifying agent flowing out of the first gasifying agent channel is ionized by an electric arc between the cathode head and the anode nozzle to obtain gasifying agent plasma;
(2) And shearing and atomizing the coal water slurry flowing out of the second nozzle by the gasifying agent plasma and the gasifying agent flowing out of the third nozzle, and then carrying out gasification reaction in the gasification furnace.
13. The method for gasifying coal water slurry according to claim 12, wherein the gasifying agent used in the gasifying method is pure oxygen.
14. The method of gasifying coal water slurry of claim 13, wherein the flow of gasifying agent into the first gasifying agent channel is 50% -80% of the sum of the flow of gasifying agent into the first gasifying agent channel and the flow of gasifying agent into the second gasifying agent channel.
15. The method for gasifying coal water slurry according to claim 12, wherein the solid content of the coal water slurry is 50wt% to 70wt%.
16. The method for gasifying coal water slurry according to claim 12, wherein the flow rates of gasifying agents in the first gasifying agent channel and the second gasifying agent channel are each 0 to 50m/s, and are not 0; the flow velocity of the coal water slurry at the outlet of the coal water slurry channel is 0.1-1.0m/s; the outlet flow speed of the oxygen plasma at the nozzle of the anode nozzle is 100-340m/s.
17. The method for gasifying coal water slurry according to claim 12, wherein the gasification operation pressure of the gasification method is 0.1 to 10.0MPa.
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| CN112040626B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-09-16 | 苏州国科兴旺医疗设备有限公司 | Plasma gun with press discharge switch and using method |
| CN113512447B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2023-11-10 | 北京航化节能环保技术有限公司 | Full-premix nozzle device, gasifier, gasification method and nozzle processing method |
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