CN103200757B - Arc plasma torch - Google Patents
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- CN103200757B CN103200757B CN201310131292.8A CN201310131292A CN103200757B CN 103200757 B CN103200757 B CN 103200757B CN 201310131292 A CN201310131292 A CN 201310131292A CN 103200757 B CN103200757 B CN 103200757B
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Abstract
The invention provides an arc plasma torch and relates to a plasma heating device. The arc plasma torch is characterized in that the torch is composed of a positive pole, a combined negative pole, a torch barrel and a back seat, wherein the positive pole, the torch barrel and the back seat are arranged in a coaxial mode, the back end of the torch barrel is connected on the back seat to form a torch body, the positive pole is connected at the front end of the torch barrel, a loop core space of the positive pole forms a nozzle, an inner space of the torch barrel forms an air chamber, and the back seat forms a back closed end of the torch barrel; the positive pole is of a hollow ring form structure, a ring-form cooling groove is arranged in the ring form, and the ring-form cooling groove is connected with a cooling water port; and the combined negative pole is composed of a negative pole rod, a negative pole head and a negative pole cap, the portion from the middle to the front end of the negative pole rod is of a tubular structure, a cooling cavity is formed in the space in a tube, the front end of the negative pole head is a reduced circular conical surface, and a back portion solid of the negative pole head is provided with a driving water gasification hole or a vaporization fin. The arc plasma torch is used in a gasification device, the efficiency of the torch reaches nearly 100%, and the arc plasma torch can effectively protect the negative pole and the negative pole from being ablated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric heating equipment, particularly relate to a kind of plasma heating equipment.
Background technology
Current, plasma technology is widely used, is industrially applied to plasma ignition, plasma spraying, metal smelt, heating plasma manufacture nano material, cutting, waste incineration and refuse process etc.In recent years, utilize the technical development of the dangerous harmful discarded object of plasma treatment and house refuse very fast, processing mode and the general burning mode of plasma are made a world of difference, plasma is a kind of state formed under ionosphere or electric discharge phenomena, will generate excited atom, excite molecule, reaction that the chemicals of the activity chemistry thing of dissociation atom, free atomic group, atom or molecular ion group and they and other collide and cause along with electric discharge phenomena.In plasma generator, discharge process makes work gas molecule lose outer-shell electron and form ionic condition, produces high temperature through mutually colliding, and temperature can reach more than several ten thousand degree.The method of plasma heating also has: ohmic heating, and it utilizes the impedance of plasma to heat; Magnetic compression is heated, and external magnetic field is added on plasma can produce compression to it, thus causes intensification, and this method makes to make it continue to heat up on the plasma heated; Neutral atom injection method heats, and energetic neutral atom is injected magnetic field and obtains high temperature; Utilize in plasma and there is quiet ripple, plasma wave, magnetosonic wave, hydro-magnetic wave and electromagnetic unstable character and heat; Also have magnetic pump heating and ion cyclotron resonance Wave heating; Utilize laser beam, strong energetic particle beam, microwave and utilization impulse ripple produce plasma heating, therefore, the central temperature of plasma flare can up to more than 50,000 degree Celsius, torch lip temperature also can reach more than 3,000 degree, when processed junk is subject to the plasma attack of HTHP, its molecule, atom will reconfigure and generate new material, thus make harmful substance become innocuous substance.
Current, the gasifying agent used in conventional coal gasification apparatus is water vapour+air or water vapour+oxygen, when gasification furnace works, directly water vapour+air or water vapour+oxygen are sent into gasification furnace, water vapour and charcoal generation gas making are reacted and generates synthesis gas, its reaction is the endothermic reaction, need to provide heat by air or oxygen and charcoal generation oxidation reaction for it, the rate of gasification of this gasification mode is only about 70%, this will increase coal resources consumption, simultaneously, a large amount of CO 2 waste gas is produced in synthesis gas, not only have influence on the quality of synthesis gas, and discharge a large amount of greenhouse gas during rear class is produced.Chemical reaction is carried out spraying in gasification furnace after steam gasification agent heat resolve again with coke as utilized plasma torch, the reaction occurred is exothermic reaction, the heat can supplied raw materials needed for oven dry and pyrolysis for gasification furnace, thus make gasification furnace not need input air or oxygen, in the synthesis gas produced, the fraction scale of hydrogen is high, the content of waste gas is low, when being used as the unstripped gas of methanol, producing methyl alcohol per ton and reducing coal consumption about 40%, reducing emission of carbon dioxide about 45% than routine techniques.
House refuse due to calorific value low, fixed carbon content in chemical composition is few, as the water vapour by routine, air or oxygen carry out gasify household garbage as gasifying agent, it is the endothermic reaction that water vapour and charcoal react what generate that synthesis gas carries out, will consume the heat of gasification furnace, gasification furnace needs input air or oxygen, and consume fuel, make waste gas content in synthesis gas high, in the synthesis gas obtained, useful component is quite low, be almost waste gas, do not reach the application requirement of industrial chemicals.Existing research is applied in domestic garbage gasification field plasma technique, utilize plasma torch gasifying agent steam heating to more than 4000 DEG C, water-molecule dissociation is made to be hydrogen, the activity chemistry thing of oxygen sprays into gasification furnace, chemical reaction is carried out with rubbish charcoal, what carried out is exothermic reaction, the heat can supplied raw materials needed for oven dry and pyrolysis for gasification furnace, thus make gasification furnace not need input air or oxygen, the synthesis gas quality better that house refuse is transformed, reach the requirement of industrial chemicals, synthesis gas is again by rear class device fabrication methyl alcohol or dimethyl ether, realize zero discharge treatment house refuse, junk is converted into the industrial chemicals of human needs simultaneously.Therefore, spray into gasification furnace after utilizing plasma torch that steam heating is decomposed and the effect that water vapour directly sends into gasification furnace is made a world of difference, as the synthesis gas of domestic garbage gasification become useful material, should preferably plasma heating decomposition water steam as the gasification technology of gasifying agent.
Plasma pyrolysis water hydrogen producing technology is one of water hydrogen manufacturing candidate technologies put forward recent years, because water is a kind of material of quite stable, in atmospheric conditions, temperature hydrone when 2000K decomposes hardly, the water of 25% is had to decompose during 2500K, during 3400 ~ 3500K, the molar fraction of hydrogen and oxygen reaches maximum, be respectively 18% and 6%, when temperature reaches 4200K, hydrone all will be decomposed into hydrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, oxygen and hydrogen-oxygen atomic group, general mode of heating is difficult to reach so high temperature, plasma torch is used then to be easy to accomplish.
Cook gasifying agent with plasma torch heat resolve water vapour and carry out gasification of coal or rubbish will become first-selection from now on; but existing plasma torch is in order to prevent electrode ablated, the mode of circulating water electrode is adopted to carry out guard electrode, wherein; recirculated cooling water will take away the heat energy of at least 30%
Make the efficiency of plasma torch only about 70%.There is the shortcoming that efficiency is not high and electrode is easily ablated in existing plasma torch.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the shortcoming that efficiency is not high and electrode is easily ablated that will overcome the existence of existing plasma torch, manufacture and design the arc plasma gun of the high and electrode of a kind of efficiency not easily ablation, for coal gasification apparatus, rubbish biomass gasification device or pyrolysis water device for producing hydrogen, overcome and directly use the shortcoming that water vapour is low as the rate of gasification existing for gasifying agent, coal resources consumption large, the greenhouse gas of discharge are many and synthesis gas quality that is that produce is not high, to reduce coal resources consumption and GHG emissions mitigation.
A kind of arc plasma gun of the present invention, comprise rifle body, negative electrode and anode, it is characterized in that arc plasma gun is by anode (1), combined cathode, gun barrel (2) and back seat (4) composition, wherein, anode (1), gun barrel (2) and back seat (4) concentric are arranged, the rear end of gun barrel (2) is connected to back seat (4) upper formation rifle body, anode (1) is connected to the front end of gun barrel (2), the ring heart space of anode (1) forms spout (16), the interior space of gun barrel (2) forms air chamber (14), back seat (4) forms the rear enclosed end of gun barrel (2), anode (1) is hollow ring body structure, has annular cooling bath (1-1) in annular solid, and annular cooling bath (1-1) has cooling water connector (15) to access, the front end of combined cathode extend in gun barrel (2) by the via hole on back seat (4), and the space between the front end of combined cathode and anode (1) forms discharge space, the rear portion barred body of combined cathode is outside rifle body, and working water interface (3-3) is by the cooling chamber (3-4) of the external access combined cathode of rifle, combined cathode is by cathode rod (3a), cathode taps (3b) and cathode cap (3c) composition, stage casing to the front end of cathode rod (3a) is tubular structure, in pipe, space forms cooling chamber (3-4), the front end of cathode taps (3b) is the taper seat of convergent, middle part and rear portion are cylindrical solid, the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b) there are working water gasification hole or vaporization fin (3b-1), when having working water gasification hole on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), working water gasification hole is circular slotted eye or square slotted eye or triangle slotted eye, working water gasification hole is porous mode, working water gasification hole is arranged ringwise with the axle center of cathode taps (3b), the middle part entity of cathode taps (3b) there is fitting flange (3b-2), when having vaporization fin (3b-1) on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), vaporization fin (3b-1) is the setting of multi-disc mode annular, space between vaporization fin (3b-1) forms vaporization chamber (3-9), and vaporization fin (3b-1) has fitting flange (3b-2), cathode cap (3c) is fastened on fitting flange (3b-2) on the barrel of cathode rod (3a) front end, vaporization fin (3b-1) extend in the pipe of cathode rod (3a), cathode cap (3c) is stretched out in the front end of cathode taps (3b), annular groove space between the cylindrical solid of cathode cap (3c) and cathode taps (3b) is formed sprays vapour ring (3-8), the space of cooling chamber (3-4) is communicated to spray vapour ring (3-8) by working water gasification hole or vaporization chamber (3-9), and the outlet of spray vapour ring (3-8) is in air chamber (14).
In above-mentioned arc plasma gun, the rear side end face of back seat (4) there is after-frame (5), the tail end of after-frame (5) has axle bed (7), axle bed (7) and back seat (4) concentric, the support body rear portion of after-frame (5) is provided with slide rail (5-1), and after-frame (5), axle bed (7) and back seat (4) are connected as a single entity; Drive screw (6) is arranged on axle bed (7), and the release handle (8) of drive screw (6) stretches out the rear end of axle bed (7); The rear portion barred body of combined cathode has in chute (3-1) and rear portion barred body and have driving screw (3-2), the driving screw (3-2) of combined cathode is threaded with drive screw (6), and the chute (3-1) of combined cathode coordinates with the slide rail (5-1) on after-frame (5) and carries out axial activity; Stuffing box is had outside the via hole of back seat (4), the front end of combined cathode extend in gun barrel (2) by the stuffing box on back seat (4) and via hole, have airtight and watertight padding (13) in stuffing box on back seat (4), airtight and watertight padding (13) is compressed by filler lid (12).
In above-mentioned arc plasma gun, ring wall between the annular cooling bath (1-1) of anode (1) and spout (16) there is cooling water to gasify hole (1-2) and spray vapour groove (1-3), wherein, cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is circular hole or square hole or tri-angle-holed structure, cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is communicated in spray vapour groove (1-3), and spray vapour groove (1-3) is strip crevice structure; Cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is in the side of annular cooling bath (1-1), cooling water gasification hole (1-2) and spray vapour groove (1-3) make the space between annular cooling bath (1-1) with spout (16) be communicated with, and spray vapour groove (1-3) enters on spout (16) anode (1) with tangential direction supply terminals (17).
In above-mentioned arc plasma gun, anode (1) there is supply terminals (17), the barred body of combined cathode has power line connector.
In above-mentioned arc plasma gun, have lining (19) in air chamber (14), the outer wall of lining (19) and the inwall of gun barrel (2) are close to, and two ends of lining (19) are close to anode (1) and back seat (4) respectively; The anode ring body that anode (1) and lining (19) are close to has through hole (1-7), and through hole (1-7) communicates with annular cooling bath (1-1), and through hole (1-7) guides lining (19) absorption into the cooling water of annular cooling bath (1-1); The outer wall that gun barrel (2) is anterior arranges solenoid, solenoid comprises collapse coil (20), revolving coil (21) one wherein or two kinds, when to arrange collapse coil (20) and revolving coil (21) simultaneously, revolving coil (21) is front, and collapse coil (20) is rear.
In above-mentioned arc plasma gun: the selection of material of gun barrel (2) is high-temperature insulation material, existing as materials such as zirconia ceramics, aluminium oxide ceramics, quartz glasss; The selection of material of lining (19) is high-temperature fibre insulating material, existing as Zirconium oxide fibre cotton material; The selection of material of anode (1) is metal material, existing as materials such as stainless steel, tungsten alloy steel, nickel alloy steel, red copper, brass; The selection of material of cathode taps (3b) is metal material, existing as materials such as stainless steel, tungsten alloy steel, nickel alloy steel, red copper, brass; The selection of material of cathode rod (3a) is ordinary metallic material; The selection of material of cathode cap (3c) is high-temperature insulation material, existing as zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramic material; Back seat (4), negative electrode pedestal select metal material or resistant to elevated temperatures nonmetallic materials; The selection of material of drive screw (6) is ordinary metallic material.Anode (1) and combined cathode adopt solvent casting manufacture technics blank, are then completed by fine finishining, or anode (1) and combined cathode adopt welding manner manufacture blank, are then completed by fine finishining.
Above-mentioned arc plasma gun, the connection between anode (1), gun barrel (2), back seat (4) adopts thread connecting mode or flange method to connect.
When above-mentioned arc plasma gun works, work gas when first starting as plasma torch with water vapour or other gas, after pull-out electric arc normally works, water consumption substitution water vapour or other gas divide two tunnels to enter plasma torch again, wherein a road enters the annular cooling bath (1-1) of anode (1), after absorbing the heat of anode bodies, water vapour is vaporizated in gasification hole (1-2), the heat utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of water to absorb anode bodies produces water vapour, then spout (16) is entered from spray vapour groove (1-3) with tangential direction, become activity chemistry thing to spray from spray gun, another road enters the cooling chamber (3-4) in combined cathode body, after absorbing the heat of cathode, water vapour is vaporizated at vaporization chamber (3-9), the latent heat of vaporization of water is utilized to absorb the heat of negative electrode, then, water vapour enters region of discharge as the working gas of plasma torch from spray vapour ring (3-8) ejection, is ionized as cation and anion, become plasma arc, spray from the spout (16) of plasma torch.In said process: first make water as the cooling agent of anode (1) and combined cathode, then water vapour is vaporizated into, the latent heat of vaporization of water is utilized to absorb the heat of anode (1) and combined cathode, avoid or slow down the ablation of anode (1) and combined cathode, again water vapour utilized as work gas or as by heating target, become hydrogen (H through electric field ionization, decomposition and activation
2), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O
2), the activity chemistry thing of oxygen (O) and hydrogen-oxygen atomic group (HO), sprayed into by plasma torch and carry out chemical reaction with charcoal in gasification furnace and generate synthesis gas.During plasma torch work, a part of water vapour in plasma torch rifle body is as the interleaving agent between rifle body and plasma arc or cooling agent, and protection rifle body is not ablated.During concrete enforcement, air feed (vapour) pressure of work gas when plasma torch starts is 0.5 ~ 1Mpa, and pressure of supply water when plasma torch normally works is 0.2 ~ 0.5Mpa, and the pressure in plasma torch is produced by water vapor; The input flow rate of water is determined by the electric input power direct proportion of plasma torch, when steam heating to 4200 DEG C time, in 1kg(water): the ratio of 2.08 ~ 2.9kwh comes adjusted in concert discharge and electric input power.During plasma torch work, rotating drive screw rod (6), combined cathode can be made to move axially, thus regulate the distance between negative electrode head in rifle body and anode, achieve the input power regulating plasma torch by the mode of machinery, distance between rifle body inner cathode head and anode is larger, and the input power of plasma torch is larger.When increasing the distance between negative electrode head and anode, elongating electric arc in spray gun, relatively having extended the residence time of work gas in spray gun, thus improve heating-up temperature.
When above-mentioned arc plasma gun is used for coal gasification apparatus or rubbish biomass gasification device, entering plasma torch from water sprays into the process of gasification furnace to as gasifying agent, water successively plays cooling agent effect, working gas effect, is heated and decomposed into as activity chemistry thing, heat-carrying element and gasifying agent effect, with the gasifying agent that water produces, the heat energy of plasma torch is all brought in gasification furnace, do not have energy loss, make the efficiency of plasma torch close to 100%.Water as cooling agent is vaporizated into water vapour on the spot at anode and negative electrode, anode and negative electrode are cooled faster and the temperature of electrode is even lower, the latent heat of vaporization of water is 2257kj/kg, in the type of cooling of the present invention, per kilogram water is to the heat of the cooling heat-absorbing action of electrode than mode many absorptions 2257kj of employing circulating water electrode, therefore, mode of the present invention can make the quality of the electrode temperature in work than low 539 DEG C of conventional chilling mode compare heat level, can more effective protection anode and negative electrode not easily ablated, more can extend the useful life of negative electrode and anode.
Arc plasma gun of the present invention is adapted at comprising on coal gasification apparatus, industrial high molecular waste material gasification installation, the carbon residue gasification installation of scrap rubber oil refining, domestic garbage gasification device, biomass gasification device and plasma pyrolysis water device for producing hydrogen and applies.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: when the present invention applies on gasification installation, working water is made in plasma torch, successively to play cooling agent effect, working gas effect, be heated and decomposed into as activity chemistry thing, heat-carrying element and gasifying agent effect, with the gasifying agent that water produces plasma torch all brought in gasification furnace by the heat energy of electric energy conversion, do not have energy loss, make the efficiency of plasma torch close to 100%, improve more than 30% than the heat efficiency of routine techniques; Water as cooling agent is vaporizated into water vapour on the spot at anode and negative electrode, anode and negative electrode is cooled faster and the temperature of electrode is even lower, can more effective protection anode and negative electrode not easily ablated, more can extend the useful life of negative electrode and anode.Compared with routine techniques, the present invention can reduce coal resources consumption, improve synthesis gas quality and GHG emissions mitigation; As the gasification measure of house refuse, house refuse is converted into the synthesis gas of high-quality, meets the unstripped gas requirement of methanol or dimethyl ether, for realizing house refuse zero discharge, pollution-free, disposal of resources provides support.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of arc plasma gun structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of arc plasma gun structure chart having solenoid of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the B-B cutaway view of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the C-C cutaway view of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is Fig. 1 or Tu2 I district enlarged drawing.
Fig. 7 is the D-D profile of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is Fig. 1 or Tu2 II district enlarged drawing.
Fig. 9 is the E-E profile of Fig. 8.
In figure: 1. anode, jaw before 1a. anode, jaw after 1b. anode, 1-1. annular cooling bath, 1-2. cooling water gasification hole, 1-3. sprays vapour groove, 1-4. ceramic protective layer, 1-5. ceramic protection layer, and 1-6. welds circle, 1-7. through hole; 2. gun barrel; 3a. cathode rod, 3b. cathode taps, 3b-1. vaporizes fin, 3b-2. fitting flange, 3c. cathode cap, 3-1. chute, and 3-2. drives screw, 3-3. working water interface, 3-4. cooling chamber, and 3-8. sprays vapour ring, 3-9. vaporization chamber; 4. back seat; 5. after-frame, 5-1. slide rail; 6. drive screw, 7. axle bed, 8. screw rod release handle, 9. adjustment hole, 10. fastening bolt, 11. protective covers, 12. filler lids, 13. airtight and watertight paddings, 14. air chambers, 15. cooling water connectors, 16. spouts, 17. supply terminalss, 19. linings, 20. collapse coils, 21. revolving coils.
Embodiment
In execution mode shown in embodiment 1 Fig. 1, arc plasma gun is primarily of anode (1), combined cathode, gun barrel (2) and back seat (4) composition, wherein, anode (1), gun barrel (2) and back seat (4) concentric are arranged, the rear end of gun barrel (2) is connected to back seat (4) upper formation rifle body, anode (1) is connected to the front end of gun barrel (2), anode (1) is hollow ring body structure, the ring heart space of annular solid forms spout (16), the interior space of gun barrel (2) forms air chamber (14), back seat (4) forms the rear enclosed end of gun barrel (2), anode (1) is hollow ring body structure, annular cooling bath (1-1) is had in annular solid, annular cooling bath (1-1) has cooling water connector (15) to access, ring wall between the annular cooling bath (1-1) of anode (1) and spout (16) there is cooling water to gasify hole (1-2) and spray vapour groove (1-3), cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is borehole structure, 6 groups of cooling water gasification holes are arranged ringwise, only often organize cooling water gasification Kong Youwu, the import of cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is at annular cooling bath (1-1), and outlet is in spray vapour groove (1-3), and the cooling water gasification hole of same projection is communicated on same spray vapour groove, spray vapour groove (1-3) is strip crevice structure, and spray vapour groove (1-3) enters spout (16) with tangential direction, the front end of combined cathode extend in gun barrel (2) by the via hole on back seat (4), and the space between the front end of combined cathode and anode (1) forms discharge space, the rear portion barred body of combined cathode is outside rifle body, and working water interface (3-3) is by the cooling chamber (3-4) of the external access combined cathode of rifle, combined cathode is by cathode rod (3a), cathode taps (3b) and cathode cap (3c) composition, stage casing to the front end of cathode rod (3a) is tubular structure, in pipe, space forms cooling chamber (3-4), the front end of cathode taps (3b) is the taper seat of convergent, middle part and rear portion are cylindrical solid, the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b) there are working water gasification hole or vaporization fin (3b-1), when having working water gasification hole on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), working water gasification hole is circular slotted eye or square slotted eye or triangle slotted eye, working water gasification hole is porous mode, working water gasification hole is arranged ringwise with the axle center of cathode taps (3b), the middle part entity of cathode taps (3b) there is fitting flange (3b-2), when having vaporization fin (3b-1) on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), vaporization fin (3b-1) is the setting of multi-disc mode annular, space between vaporization fin (3b-1) forms vaporization chamber (3-9), and vaporization fin (3b-1) has fitting flange (3b-2), cathode cap (3c) is fastened on fitting flange (3b-2) on the barrel of cathode rod (3a) front end, vaporization fin (3b-1) extend in the pipe of cathode rod (3a), cathode cap (3c) is stretched out in the front end of cathode taps (3b), annular groove space between the cylindrical solid of cathode cap (3c) and cathode taps (3b) is formed sprays vapour ring (3-8), the space of cooling chamber (3-4) is communicated to spray vapour ring (3-8) by working water gasification hole or vaporization chamber (3-9), and the outlet of spray vapour ring (3-8) is in air chamber (14).Back seat (4) designs for disc, and there are via hole and stuffing box in the disc center of back seat (4), and via hole and stuffing box are perpendicular to card, and the opening of stuffing box is in rear outside; The rear side of back seat (4) there is after-frame (5), after-frame (5) is two leg support body structures, the tail end of after-frame (5) has axle bed (7), the rear portion of after-frame (5) support body is symmetrically arranged with slide rail (5-1), after-frame (5), axle bed (7) and back seat (4) are connected as a single entity, axle bed (7) and back seat (4) concentric; Drive screw (6) is arranged on axle bed (7), drive screw (6) has and drives screw thread, axial limiting bulge loop and release handle (8), the axial limiting bulge loop of drive screw (6) is arranged in the shell of axle bed (7), make drive screw (6) circumference activity can only be done and can not move axially, the release handle (8) of drive screw (6) stretches out the rear end of axle bed (7), the adjustment mouth of release handle (8) is square, coordinates square hole specific purpose tool to regulate; The rear portion barred body of combined cathode there is chute (3-1), driving screw (3-2) is had in barred body, the driving screw (3-2) of combined cathode is threaded with drive screw (6), and the chute (3-1) of combined cathode coordinates with the slide rail (5-1) on after-frame (5) and carries out axial activity.In the present embodiment, anode (1) there is supply terminals (17), the barred body of combined cathode there is power line connector, the outer wall that gun barrel (2) is anterior arranges solenoid, solenoid comprises collapse coil (20), revolving coil (21) one wherein or two kinds, when to arrange collapse coil (20) and revolving coil (21) simultaneously, revolving coil (21) is front, and collapse coil (20) is rear.In the present embodiment, anode (1) selects stainless steel material, welding manner is adopted to manufacture blank, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, before anode (1) is divided into anode, after jaw (1a) and anode, jaw (1b) is processed separately, then by having connect welding, after the fine finishining such as cutting, polishing, then two end faces of anode (1) in the completed spray zirconia ceramic layer (1-4), (1-5) carry out protecting and insulation processing; Gun barrel (2) selects zirconia ceramics material to make, and back seat (4) selects stainless steel material to make.Arc plasma gun works with transferred arc mode or untransferable arc mode, when adopting transferred arc mode, power line connector on the barred body of combined cathode is connected respectively to the negative pole of power-supply controller of electric main power source and the negative pole of striking high frequency electric source, and the supply terminals (17) on anode (1) is connected respectively to the positive pole of power-supply controller of electric main power source and the positive pole of striking high frequency electric source; When adopting untransferable arc mode, power line connector on the barred body of combined cathode is connected respectively to the negative pole of power-supply controller of electric main power source and the negative pole of striking high frequency electric source, supply terminals (17) on anode (1) is connected to the positive pole of the striking high frequency electric source of power-supply controller of electric, and the positive pole of power-supply controller of electric main power source is connected with the coke in gasification furnace by contact device.The present embodiment applies existing plasma electric source apparatus.Cooling water connector (15) and working water interface (3-3) are connected to water system and steam-supplying system respectively by the earthenware of one section of 50cm length.During the present embodiment work, work gas when first starting as plasma torch with water vapour, after pull-out electric arc normally works, water consumption substitution water vapour divides two tunnels to enter plasma torch again, wherein a road enters the annular cooling bath (1-1) of anode (1), after absorbing the heat of anode bodies, water vapour is vaporizated in gasification hole (1-2), the heat utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of water to absorb anode bodies produces water vapour, then enter spout (16) from spray vapour groove (1-3) with tangential direction, become activity chemistry thing and spray from spray gun; Another road enters the cooling chamber (3-4) in combined cathode body, after absorbing the heat of cathode, water vapour is vaporizated at vaporization chamber (3-9), the latent heat of vaporization of water is utilized to absorb the heat of negative electrode, then, water vapour enters region of discharge as the working gas of plasma torch from spray vapour ring (3-8) ejection, is ionized as cation and anion, become plasma arc, spray from the spout (16) of plasma torch.In said process: first make water as the cooling agent of anode (1) and combined cathode, then water vapour is vaporizated into, the latent heat of vaporization of water is utilized to absorb the heat of anode (1) and combined cathode, avoid or slow down the ablation of anode (1) and combined cathode, again water vapour utilized as work gas or as by heating target, become hydrogen (H through electric field ionization, decomposition and activation
2), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O
2), the activity chemistry thing of oxygen (O) and hydrogen-oxygen atomic group (HO), sprayed into by plasma torch and carry out chemical reaction with charcoal in gasification furnace and generate synthesis gas.A part of water vapour in plasma torch rifle body is as the interleaving agent between rifle body and plasma arc or cooling agent, and protection rifle body is not ablated.Air feed (vapour) pressure of work gas when plasma torch starts is 0.5 ~ 1Mpa, and pressure of supply water when plasma torch normally works is 0.2 ~ 0.5Mpa, and the pressure in plasma torch is produced by water vapor; The input flow rate of water is determined by the electric input power direct proportion of plasma torch, when steam heating to 4200 DEG C time, in 1kg(water): the ratio of 2.08 ~ 2.9kwh comes adjusted in concert discharge and electric input power.During plasma torch work, the interior square hole specific purpose tool using insulating material to make carrys out rotating drive screw rod (6), combined cathode is made to move axially to regulate distance between negative electrode head in rifle body and anode, to increase and decrease the input power of plasma torch.
In execution mode shown in embodiment 2 Fig. 2, lining (19) is had in air chamber (14), lining (19) selects Zirconium oxide fibre cotton material to make, the outer wall of lining (19) and the inwall of gun barrel (2) are close to, two ends of lining (19) are close to anode (1) and back seat (4) respectively, or two ends of lining (19) are close to anode (1) and negative electrode pedestal respectively; The anode ring body that anode (1) and lining (19) are close to there is through hole (1-7), through hole (1-7) communicates with annular cooling bath (1-1), through hole (1-7) guides lining (19) absorption into the cooling water of annular cooling bath (1-1), cooling water is heated and is evaporated to water vapour, and water vapour utilizes as work gas or as by heating target.The object that the present embodiment arranges lining (19) in air chamber (14) is to protect rifle body, avoids rifle body ablated; On the outer wall of anode, arrange collapse coil (20) and revolving coil (21) at gun barrel (2), revolving coil (21) is front, and collapse coil (20) is rear.The effect that the present embodiment arranges collapse coil (20) produces compression magnetic field, the plasma arc in rifle body compressed, makes water vapour obtain higher heating-up temperature; The effect arranging revolving coil (21) makes the plasma arc in rifle body form cyclone mode, makes the water vapour at electric arc edge enter into arc core, make homogeneous heating.The other side of the present embodiment is identical with the first embodiment.
In the above embodiments: the aperture of spout (16) is 0.8 ~ 1.2 with the ratio of hole length, and wherein, aperture is greater than 8mm; The diameter of cathode taps front end face is less than or equal to the aperture of spout (16); The minimum spacing of negative electrode and positive electrode is no less than 12mm; The gap width of spray vapour groove (1-3) is between 0.1 ~ 0.8mm; The total cross section of cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is 2 ~ 3 times of spray vapour groove (1-3) total cross section; The annular groove gap width of spray vapour ring (3-8) is between 0.3 ~ 2mm; The total cross section of vaporization chamber (3-9) is 3 ~ 5 times of spray vapour ring (3-8) cross section.
Claims (6)
1. an arc plasma gun, comprise rifle body, negative electrode and anode, it is characterized in that arc plasma gun is made up of anode (1), combined cathode, gun barrel (2) and back seat (4), wherein, anode (1), gun barrel (2) and back seat (4) concentric are arranged, the rear end of gun barrel (2) is connected to back seat (4) upper formation rifle body, anode (1) is connected to the front end of gun barrel (2), the ring heart space of anode (1) forms spout (16), the interior space of gun barrel (2) forms air chamber (14), and back seat (4) forms the rear enclosed end of gun barrel (2), anode (1) is hollow ring body structure, has annular cooling bath (1-1) in annular solid, and annular cooling bath (1-1) has cooling water connector (15) to access, the front end of combined cathode extend in gun barrel (2) by the via hole on back seat (4), and the space between the front end of combined cathode and anode (1) forms discharge space, the rear portion barred body of combined cathode is outside rifle body, and working water interface (3-3) is by the cooling chamber (3-4) of the external access combined cathode of rifle, combined cathode is by cathode rod (3a), cathode taps (3b) and cathode cap (3c) composition, stage casing to the front end of cathode rod (3a) is tubular structure, in pipe, space forms cooling chamber (3-4), the front end of cathode taps (3b) is the taper seat of convergent, middle part and rear portion are cylindrical solid, the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b) there are working water gasification hole or vaporization fin (3b-1), when having working water gasification hole on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), working water gasification hole is circular slotted eye or square slotted eye or triangle slotted eye, working water gasification hole is porous mode, working water gasification hole is arranged ringwise with the axle center of cathode taps (3b), the middle part entity of cathode taps (3b) there is fitting flange (3b-2), when having vaporization fin (3b-1) on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), vaporization fin (3b-1) is the setting of multi-disc mode annular, space between vaporization fin (3b-1) forms vaporization chamber (3-9), and vaporization fin (3b-1) has fitting flange (3b-2), cathode cap (3c) is fastened on fitting flange (3b-2) on the barrel of cathode rod (3a) front end, vaporization fin (3b-1) extend in the pipe of cathode rod (3a), cathode cap (3c) is stretched out in the front end of cathode taps (3b), annular groove space between the cylindrical solid of cathode cap (3c) and cathode taps (3b) is formed sprays vapour ring (3-8), the space of cooling chamber (3-4) is communicated to spray vapour ring (3-8) by working water gasification hole or vaporization chamber (3-9), and the outlet of spray vapour ring (3-8) is in air chamber (14).
2. a kind of arc plasma gun according to claim 1, the rear side end face that it is characterized in that back seat (4) there is after-frame (5), the tail end of after-frame (5) has axle bed (7), axle bed (7) and back seat (4) concentric, the support body rear portion of after-frame (5) is provided with slide rail (5-1), and after-frame (5), axle bed (7) and back seat (4) are connected as a single entity; Drive screw (6) is arranged on axle bed (7), and the release handle (8) of drive screw (6) stretches out the rear end of axle bed (7);
The rear portion barred body of combined cathode has in chute (3-1) and rear portion barred body and have driving screw (3-2), the driving screw (3-2) of combined cathode is threaded with drive screw (6), and the chute (3-1) of combined cathode coordinates with the slide rail (5-1) on after-frame (5) and carries out axial activity; Stuffing box is had outside the via hole of back seat (4), the front end of combined cathode extend in gun barrel (2) by the stuffing box on back seat (4) and via hole, have airtight and watertight padding (13) in stuffing box on back seat (4), airtight and watertight padding (13) is compressed by filler lid (12).
3. a kind of arc plasma gun according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the ring wall between the annular cooling bath (1-1) of anode (1) and spout (16) has cooling water to gasify hole (1-2) and spray vapour groove (1-3), wherein, cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is circular hole or square hole or tri-angle-holed structure, cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is communicated in spray vapour groove (1-3), and spray vapour groove (1-3) is strip crevice structure; Cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is in the side of annular cooling bath (1-1), cooling water gasification hole (1-2) and spray vapour groove (1-3) make the space between annular cooling bath (1-1) with spout (16) be communicated with, and spray vapour groove (1-3) enters spout (16) with tangential direction.
4. a kind of arc plasma gun according to claim 1, it is characterized in that there is lining (19) in air chamber (14), the outer wall of lining (19) and the inwall of gun barrel (2) are close to, and two ends of lining (19) are close to anode (1) and back seat (4) respectively.
5. a kind of arc plasma gun according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the anode ring body that anode (1) and lining (19) are close to has through hole (1-7), through hole (1-7) communicates with annular cooling bath (1-1), and through hole (1-7) guides lining (19) absorption into the cooling water of annular cooling bath (1-1).
6. a kind of arc plasma gun according to claim 1, it is characterized in that arranging solenoid on the outer wall that gun barrel (2) is anterior, solenoid comprises collapse coil (20), revolving coil (21) one wherein or two kinds, when to arrange collapse coil (20) and revolving coil (21) simultaneously, revolving coil (21) is front, and collapse coil (20) is rear.
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| JP6833228B1 (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-02-24 | 中島産業株式会社 | Glass material spraying device |
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