CN103200757A - Arc plasma torch - Google Patents
Arc plasma torch Download PDFInfo
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- CN103200757A CN103200757A CN 201310131292 CN201310131292A CN103200757A CN 103200757 A CN103200757 A CN 103200757A CN 201310131292 CN201310131292 CN 201310131292 CN 201310131292 A CN201310131292 A CN 201310131292A CN 103200757 A CN103200757 A CN 103200757A
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- back seat
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
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Abstract
The invention provides an arc plasma torch and relates to a plasma heating device. The arc plasma torch is characterized in that the torch is composed of a positive pole, a combined negative pole, a torch barrel and a back seat, wherein the positive pole, the torch barrel and the back seat are arranged in a coaxial mode, the back end of the torch barrel is connected on the back seat to form a torch body, the positive pole is connected at the front end of the torch barrel, a loop core space of the positive pole forms a nozzle, an inner space of the torch barrel forms an air chamber, and the back seat forms a back closed end of the torch barrel; the positive pole is of a hollow ring form structure, a ring-form cooling groove is arranged in the ring form, and the ring-form cooling groove is connected with a cooling water port; and the combined negative pole is composed of a negative pole rod, a negative pole head and a negative pole cap, the portion from the middle to the front end of the negative pole rod is of a tubular structure, a cooling cavity is formed in the space in a tube, the front end of the negative pole head is a reduced circular conical surface, and a back portion solid of the negative pole head is provided with a driving water gasification hole or a vaporization fin. The arc plasma torch is used in a gasification device, the efficiency of the torch reaches nearly 100%, and the arc plasma torch can effectively protect the negative pole and the negative pole from being ablated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric heating equipment, particularly relate to a kind of plasma firing equipment.
Background technology
Current, plasma technology is widely used, industrially is applied to plasma ignition, plasma spraying, metal smelt, nano material, cutting, waste incineration and waste disposal etc. are made in the plasma heating.In recent years, utilize the technical development of the dangerous discarded object that is harmful to of plasma treatment and house refuse very fast, the processing mode of plasma and general burning mode are made a world of difference, plasma is formed a kind of state under ionosphere or electric discharge phenomena, is accompanied by that electric discharge phenomena will generate excited atom, excite molecule, disassociation atom, free atomic group, atom or molecular ion group's activity chemistry thing and they collide with other chemicals and the reaction that causes.In plasma generator, discharge process makes work gas molecule lose outer-shell electron and forms ionic condition, produces high temperature through colliding mutually, and temperature can reach more than several ten thousand degree.The method of plasma heating also has: ohmic heating, and it is to utilize the impedance of plasma to heat; Magnetic compression heating, external magnetic field are added on the plasma can produce compression to it, thereby causes intensification, and this method makes and can make it continue to heat up on the plasma that has heated; The heating of neutral atom injection method is injected magnetic field with energetic neutral atom and is obtained high temperature; Utilize and exist quiet ripple, plasma wave, magnetosonic wave, hydro-magnetic wave and electromagnetic unstable character to heat in the plasma; Also has the heating of magnetic pump heating and ion cyclotron resonance ripple; Utilize laser beam, strong energetic particle beam, microwave radiation and the utilization ripple that impulses to produce the plasma heating, therefore, the central temperature of plasma flare can be up to more than 50,000 degree Celsius, the torch lip temperature also can reach more than 3,000 degree, when processed junk is subjected to the plasma impact of HTHP, its molecule, atom will reconfigure and generate new material, thereby make harmful substance become innocuous substance.
Current, the gasifying agent that uses in the conventional coal gasification apparatus is water vapour+air or water vapour+oxygen, when gasification furnace is worked, directly water vapour+air or water vapour+oxygen are sent into gasification furnace, make water vapour and charcoal generation gas making reaction generate synthesis gas, its reaction is the endothermic reaction, need provide heat for it by air or oxygen and charcoal generation oxidation reaction, the rate of gasification of this gasification mode only is about 70%, this will increase coal resources consumption, simultaneously, produce a large amount of CO 2 waste gas in the synthesis gas, not only have influence on the quality of synthesis gas, and make a large amount of greenhouse gas of discharging in the level production of back.As utilize plasma torch that the water vapour gasifying agent is added to spray in the gasification furnace after the thermal decomposition again and carry out chemical reaction with coke, the reaction that takes place is exothermic reaction, can supply raw materials for gasification furnace and dry and the required heat of pyrolysis, thereby make gasification furnace not need input air or oxygen, the fraction scale height of hydrogen in the synthesis gas of producing, the content of waste gas is low, when being used as the unstripped gas of producing methyl alcohol, producing methyl alcohol per ton and reduces coal consumption about 40%, reducing emission of carbon dioxide about 45% than routine techniques.
House refuse is because calorific value is low, fixed carbon content in the chemical composition is few, as coming gasify household garbage with conventional water vapour, air or oxygen as gasifying agent, what water vapour and charcoal reaction generation synthesis gas carried out is the endothermic reaction, will consume the heat of gasification furnace, gasification furnace needs input air or oxygen, and consume fuel makes waste gas content height in the synthesis gas, and useful component is quite low in the resulting synthesis gas, almost be waste gas, do not reach the application requirements of industrial chemicals.Existing research is applied in the domestic garbage gasification field to plasma technique, utilize plasma torch that the gasifying agent water vapour is heated to more than 4000 ℃, make hydrone be decomposed into hydrogen, the activity chemistry thing of oxygen sprays into gasification furnace, carry out chemical reaction with the rubbish charcoal, what carry out is exothermic reaction, can supply raw materials for gasification furnace and dry and the required heat of pyrolysis, thereby make gasification furnace not need input air or oxygen, the synthesis gas quality better that house refuse is transformed, reach the requirement of industrial chemicals, synthesis gas by back level device fabrication methyl alcohol or dimethyl ether, is realized the zero discharge treatment house refuse again, simultaneously junk is converted into human needs's industrial chemicals.Therefore, utilizing plasma torch that water vapour is added sprays into gasification furnace after the thermal decomposition and the effect that water vapour is directly sent into gasification furnace is made a world of difference, as the synthesis gas of domestic garbage gasification being become useful material, preferably plasma heating decomposition water steam is as the gasification technology of gasifying agent.
Plasma pyrolysis water hydrogen producing technology is one of water hydrogen manufacturing candidate technologies that puts forward recent years, because water is a kind of material of quite stable, under condition of normal pressure, temperature hydrone when 2000K decomposes hardly, there is 25% water to decompose during 2500K, the molar fraction of hydrogen and oxygen reaches maximum during 3400～3500K, be respectively 18% and 6%, when temperature reaches 4200K, hydrone will all be decomposed into hydrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, oxygen and hydrogen-oxygen atomic group, general mode of heating is difficult to reach so high temperature, uses plasma torch then to be easy to accomplish.
Cooking gasifying agent with plasma torch heating decomposition water steam comes gasification of coal or rubbish will become from now on first-selection; but existing plasma torch is ablated in order to prevent electrode, adopts the mode of recirculated water cooling electrode to come guard electrode, wherein; recirculated cooling water will be taken away at least 30% heat energy
Make the efficient of plasma torch only about 70%.There is easily ablated shortcoming of the not high and electrode of efficient in existing plasma torch.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome easily ablated shortcoming of the not high and electrode of efficient that existing plasma torch exists, manufacture and design the high and difficult arc plasma gun of ablating of electrode of a kind of efficient, be used for coal gasification apparatus, rubbish biomass gasification device or pyrolysis water device for producing hydrogen, overcome that direct use water vapour is low as the existing rate of gasification of gasifying agent, the coal resources consumption is big, the greenhouse gas of discharging reach the not high shortcoming of synthesis gas quality of production more, to reduce coal resources consumption and GHG emissions mitigation.
A kind of arc plasma gun of the present invention, comprise the rifle body, negative electrode and anode, it is characterized in that arc plasma gun is by anode (1), combined cathode, gun barrel (2) and back seat (4) are formed, wherein, anode (1), gun barrel (2) and back seat (4) concentric setting, the rear end of gun barrel (2) is connected back seat (4) and goes up formation rifle body, anode (1) is connected the front end of gun barrel (2), the ring heart space of anode (1) constitutes spout (16), the interior space of gun barrel (2) constitutes air chamber (14), and back seat (4) constitutes the rear enclosed end of gun barrel (2); Anode (1) is the hollow ring body structure, and annular cooling bath (1-1) is arranged in the annular solid, and annular cooling bath (1-1) has cooling water interface (15) to insert; The front end of combined cathode extend in the gun barrel (2) by the via hole on the back seat (4), and the space between the front end of combined cathode and the anode (1) forms discharge space; The rear portion barred body of combined cathode is outside the rifle body, and working water interface (3-3) is by the cooling chamber (3-4) of the external access combined cathode of rifle; Combined cathode is by cathode rod (3a), cathode taps (3b) and cathode cap (3c) are formed, the stage casing of cathode rod (3a) to front end is tubular structure, the space constitutes cooling chamber (3-4) in the pipe, the front end of cathode taps (3b) is the taper seat of convergent, middle part and rear portion are cylindrical solid, working water gasification hole (3-5) or vaporization fin (3b-1) are arranged on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), when working water gasification hole (3-5) is arranged on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), working water gasification hole (3-5) is circular slotted eye or square slotted eye or triangle slotted eye, working water gasification hole (3-5) is the porous mode, working water gasification hole (3-5) arranges ringwise with the axle center of cathode taps (3b), and fitting flange (3b-2) is arranged on the middle part entity of cathode taps (3b); When on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b) vaporization fin (3b-1) being arranged, vaporization fin (3b-1) is that multi-disc mode annular arranges, space between the vaporization fin (3b-1) constitutes vaporization chamber (3-9), on the vaporization fin (3b-1) fitting flange (3b-2) is arranged; Cathode cap (3c) is fastened on fitting flange (3b-2) on the barrel of cathode rod (3a) front end, vaporization fin (3b-1) extend in the pipe of cathode rod (3a), the front end of cathode taps (3b) stretches out cathode cap (3c), annular groove space between the cylindrical solid of cathode cap (3c) and cathode taps (3b) constitutes spray vapour ring (3-8), the space of cooling chamber (3-4) is communicated to spray vapour ring (3-8) by gasify hole (3-5) or vaporization chamber (3-9) of working water, and the outlet of spray vapour ring (3-8) is in air chamber (14).
In the above-mentioned arc plasma gun, after-frame (5) is arranged on the rear side end face of back seat (4), the tail end of after-frame (5) has axle bed (7), axle bed (7) and back seat (4) concentric, the support body rear portion of after-frame (5) is provided with slide rail (5-1), and after-frame (5), axle bed (7) and back seat (4) are connected as a single entity; Drive screw (6) is installed on the axle bed (7), and the release handle (8) of drive screw (6) stretches out the rear end of axle bed (7); Have on the rear portion barred body of combined cathode driving screw (3-2) is arranged in chute (3-1) and the rear portion barred body, the driving screw (3-2) of combined cathode is threaded with drive screw (6), and the chute of combined cathode (3-1) cooperates with slide rail (5-1) on the after-frame (5) and carries out axial activity; There is stuffing box in the via hole outside of back seat (4), the front end of combined cathode extend in the gun barrel (2) by the stuffing box on the back seat (4) and via hole, airtight and watertight padding (13) is arranged in the stuffing box on the back seat (4), and airtight and watertight padding (13) is compressed by filler lid (12).
In the above-mentioned arc plasma gun, cooling water gasification hole (1-2) and spray vapour groove (1-3) are arranged on the annular cooling bath (1-1) of anode (1) and the ring wall between the spout (16), wherein, cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is circular hole or square hole or tri-angle-holed structure, cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is communicated on the spray vapour groove (1-3), and spray vapour groove (1-3) is the strip crevice structure; Cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is in a side of annular cooling bath (1-1), cooling water gasification hole (1-2) and spray vapour groove (1-3) make annular cooling bath (1-1) be communicated with space between the spout (16), spray vapour groove (1-3) and enter with tangential direction supply terminals (17) is arranged on spout (16) anode (1).
In the above-mentioned arc plasma gun, supply terminals (17) is arranged on the anode (1), the power line connector is arranged on the barred body of combined cathode.
In the above-mentioned arc plasma gun, lining (19) is arranged in the air chamber (14), the inwall next-door neighbour of the outer wall of lining (19) and gun barrel (2), two ends of lining (19) are close to anode (1) and back seat (4) respectively; On anode (1) and lining (19) next-door neighbour's the anode ring body through hole (1-7) is arranged, through hole (1-7) communicates with annular cooling bath (1-1), and through hole (1-7) is guided the cooling water of annular cooling bath (1-1) into lining (19) absorption; The outer wall anterior at gun barrel (2) arranges solenoid, solenoid comprises wherein a kind of of collapse coil (20), revolving coil (21) or two kinds, when simultaneously collapse coil (20) and revolving coil (21) being set, revolving coil (21) is preceding, collapse coil (20) after.
In the above-mentioned arc plasma gun: the selection of material of gun barrel (2) is high-temperature insulation material, and is existing as materials such as zirconia ceramics, aluminium oxide ceramics, quartz glasss; The selection of material of lining (19) is the high-temperature fibre insulating material, and is existing as the Zirconium oxide fibre cotton material; The selection of material of anode (1) is metal material, and is existing as materials such as stainless steel, tungsten alloy steel, nickel alloy steel, red copper, brass; The selection of material of cathode taps (3b) is metal material, and is existing as materials such as stainless steel, tungsten alloy steel, nickel alloy steel, red copper, brass; The selection of material of cathode rod (3a) is ordinary metallic material; The selection of material of cathode cap (3c) is high-temperature insulation material, and is existing as zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramic material; Back seat (4), negative electrode pedestal (18) are selected metal material or resistant to elevated temperatures nonmetallic materials for use; The selection of material of drive screw (6) is ordinary metallic material.Anode (1) and combined cathode adopt solvent casting technology to make blank, finish by fine finishining then, or anode (1) and combined cathode employing welding manner manufacturing blank, finish by fine finishining then.
Above-mentioned arc plasma gun, the connection between anode (1), gun barrel (2), the back seat (4) adopt thread connecting mode or flange mode to connect.
When above-mentioned arc plasma gun is worked, work gas when starting as plasma torch with water vapour or other gas earlier, after pulling out the electric arc operate as normal, water consumption substitution water vapour or other gas divide two the tunnel to enter plasma torch again, the one tunnel annular cooling bath (1-1) that enters anode (1) wherein, after absorbing the heat of anode bodies, be vaporizated into water vapour in gasification hole (1-2), utilize the heat of the latent heat of vaporization absorption anode bodies of water to produce water vapour, enter spout (16) from spray vapour groove (1-3) with tangential direction then, become the activity chemistry thing and spray from spray gun; Another road enters the cooling chamber (3-4) in the combined cathode body, after absorbing the heat of cathode, (3-9) is vaporizated into water vapour at vaporization chamber, utilize the heat of the latent heat of vaporization absorption negative electrode of water, then, water vapour enters region of discharge as the working gas of plasma torch from spray vapour ring (3-8) ejection, is ionized to be cation and anion, become plasma arc, from spout (16) ejection of plasma torch.In the said process: make water as the cooling agent of anode (1) and combined cathode earlier, be vaporizated into water vapour then, utilize the latent heat of vaporization absorption anode (1) of water and the heat of combined cathode, avoid or slow down the ablation of anode (1) and combined cathode, again water vapour as work gas utilization or as being heated object, passing through electric field ionization, decomposition and activation becomes hydrogen (H
2), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O
2), the activity chemistry thing of oxygen (O) and hydrogen-oxygen atomic group (HO), sprayed into by plasma torch and to carry out chemical reaction with charcoal in the gasification furnace and generate synthesis gas.During plasma torch work, a part of water vapour in plasma torch rifle body is as the interleaving agent between rifle body and the plasma arc or cooling agent, and protection rifle body is not ablated.During concrete enforcement, air feed (vapour) pressure of the work gas when plasma torch starts is 0.5～1Mpa, and the pressure of supply water during the plasma torch operate as normal is 0.2～0.5Mpa, and the pressure in the plasma torch is produced by water vapor; The input flow rate of water is pressed the electric input power direct proportion of plasma torch and is determined, when water vapour is heated to 4200 ℃, in 1kg(water): the ratio of 2.08～2.9kwh is come adjusted in concert discharge and electric input power.During plasma torch work, rotating drive screw rod (6), combined cathode is moved axially, thereby regulate the interior negative electrode head of rifle body and the distance between the anode, realized regulating with mechanical mode the input power of plasma torch, distance between rifle body inner cathode head and the anode is more big, and the input power of plasma torch is just more big.When increase between negative electrode head and the anode apart from the time, elongated electric arc in the spray gun, prolonged the residence time of work gas in spray gun relatively, thereby improved heating-up temperature.
When above-mentioned arc plasma gun is used for coal gasification apparatus or rubbish biomass gasification device, enter plasma torch to spraying into the process of gasification furnace as gasifying agent from water, water successively plays cooling agent effect, working gas effect, be heated and decomposed into and be activity chemistry thing, heat-carrying element and gasifying agent effect, gasifying agent with water generates is all brought the heat energy of plasma torch in gasification furnace, do not have energy loss, make the efficient of plasma torch near 100%.Water as cooling agent is vaporizated into water vapour on the spot at anode and negative electrode; anode and negative electrode are cooled off faster and the temperature of electrode is even lower; the latent heat of vaporization of water is 2257kj/kg; per kilogram water absorbs the heat of 2257kj more in the type of cooling of the present invention than the mode that adopts recirculated water cooling electrode to the cooling heat-absorbing action of electrode; therefore; mode of the present invention can make the electrode temperature in the work compare the heat level than low 539 ℃ quality of the conventional type of cooling; can more effective protection anode and negative electrode be difficult for ablatedly, more can prolong useful life of negative electrode and anode.
Arc plasma gun of the present invention is adapted at comprising on carbon residue gasification installation, domestic garbage gasification device, biomass gasification device and the plasma pyrolysis water device for producing hydrogen of coal gasification apparatus, industrial high molecular waste material gasification installation, scrap rubber oil refining and uses.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: when the present invention when gasification installation is used, make working water in plasma torch, successively play cooling agent effect, working gas effect, be heated and decomposed into and be activity chemistry thing, heat-carrying element and gasifying agent effect, gasifying agent with water generates is all brought the heat energy by the electric energy conversion of plasma torch in gasification furnace, do not have energy loss, make the efficient of plasma torch near 100%, improve more than 30% than the heat efficiency of routine techniques; Water as cooling agent is vaporizated into water vapour on the spot at anode and negative electrode, anode and negative electrode is cooled off faster and the temperature of electrode is even lower, can more effective protection anode and negative electrode be difficult for ablatedly, more can prolong useful life of negative electrode and anode.Compare with routine techniques, the present invention can reduce coal resources consumption, improve synthesis gas quality and GHG emissions mitigation; Gasification measure as house refuse is converted into high-quality synthesis gas to house refuse, meets the unstripped gas requirement of producing methyl alcohol or dimethyl ether, provides support for realizing house refuse zero discharge, pollution-free, disposal of resources.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of arc plasma gun structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of arc plasma gun structure chart that solenoid is arranged of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the B-B cutaway view of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the C-C cutaway view of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is the I district enlarged drawing of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is the D-D profile of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the II district enlarged drawing of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.
Fig. 9 is the E-E profile of Fig. 8.
Among the figure: 1. jaw before the anode, 1a. anode, jaw behind the 1b. anode, 1-1. annular cooling bath, 1-2. cooling water gasification hole, 1-3. spray vapour groove, the 1-4. ceramic protective layer, the 1-5. ceramic protection layer, 1-6. welds circle, the 1-7. through hole; 2. gun barrel; 3a. cathode rod, 3b. cathode taps, the 3b-1. fin of vaporizing, 3b-2. fitting flange, 3c. cathode cap, 3-1. chute, 3-2. drives screw, 3-3. working water interface, 3-4. cooling chamber, 3-5. working water gasification hole, 3-6. the welding circle, 3-7. locating flange, 3-8. spray vapour ring, 3-9. vaporization chamber; 4. back seat; 5. after-frame, the 5-1. slide rail; 6. drive screw, 7. axle bed, 8. screw rod release handle, 9. adjustment hole, 10. fastening bolt, 11. protective covers, 12. the filler lid, 13. airtight and watertight paddings, 14. air chambers, 15. the cooling water interface, 16. spouts, 17. supply terminalss, 18. the negative electrode pedestal, 19. linings, 20. collapse coils, 21. revolving coil, 22. cathode connection ends.
Embodiment
In embodiment 1 execution mode shown in Figure 1, arc plasma gun mainly is made up of anode (1), combined cathode, gun barrel (2) and back seat (4), wherein, anode (1), gun barrel (2) and back seat (4) concentric setting, the rear end of gun barrel (2) is connected back seat (4) and goes up formation rifle body, anode (1) is connected the front end of gun barrel (2), anode (1) is the hollow ring body structure, the ring heart space of annular solid constitutes spout (16), the interior space of gun barrel (2) constitutes air chamber (14), and back seat (4) constitutes the rear enclosed end of gun barrel (2); Anode (1) is the hollow ring body structure, annular cooling bath (1-1) is arranged in the annular solid, annular cooling bath (1-1) has cooling water interface (15) to insert, cooling water gasification hole (1-2) and spray vapour groove (1-3) are arranged on the annular cooling bath (1-1) of anode (1) and the ring wall between the spout (16), cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is borehole structure, 6 groups of cooling water gasification holes arrange ringwise, and every group of cooling water gasification Kong Youwu only; The import in cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is at annular cooling bath (1-1), and outlet is communicated on the spray vapour groove (1-3), and the cooling water of same projection gasification hole is communicated on same the spray vapour groove; Spray vapour groove (1-3) is the strip crevice structure, and spray vapour groove (1-3) enters spout (16) with tangential direction; The front end of combined cathode extend in the gun barrel (2) by the via hole on the back seat (4), and the space between the front end of combined cathode and the anode (1) forms discharge space; The rear portion barred body of combined cathode is outside the rifle body, and working water interface (3-3) is by the cooling chamber (3-4) of the external access combined cathode of rifle; Combined cathode is by cathode rod (3a), cathode taps (3b) and cathode cap (3c) are formed, the stage casing of cathode rod (3a) to front end is tubular structure, the space constitutes cooling chamber (3-4) in the pipe, the front end of cathode taps (3b) is the taper seat of convergent, middle part and rear portion are cylindrical solid, working water gasification hole (3-5) or vaporization fin (3b-1) are arranged on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), when working water gasification hole (3-5) is arranged on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), working water gasification hole (3-5) is circular slotted eye or square slotted eye or triangle slotted eye, working water gasification hole (3-5) is the porous mode, working water gasification hole (3-5) arranges ringwise with the axle center of cathode taps (3b), and fitting flange (3b-2) is arranged on the middle part entity of cathode taps (3b); When on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b) vaporization fin (3b-1) being arranged, vaporization fin (3b-1) is that multi-disc mode annular arranges, space between the vaporization fin (3b-1) constitutes vaporization chamber (3-9), on the vaporization fin (3b-1) fitting flange (3b-2) is arranged; Cathode cap (3c) is fastened on fitting flange (3b-2) on the barrel of cathode rod (3a) front end, vaporization fin (3b-1) extend in the pipe of cathode rod (3a), the front end of cathode taps (3b) stretches out cathode cap (3c), annular groove space between the cylindrical solid of cathode cap (3c) and cathode taps (3b) constitutes spray vapour ring (3-8), the space of cooling chamber (3-4) is communicated to spray vapour ring (3-8) by gasify hole (3-5) or vaporization chamber (3-9) of working water, and the outlet of spray vapour ring (3-8) is in air chamber (14).Back seat (4) is for disc designs, and there are via hole and stuffing box in the disc center of back seat (4), and via hole and stuffing box are perpendicular to card, and the opening of stuffing box is in the outside, back; After-frame (5) is arranged on the rear side of back seat (4), after-frame (5) is two leg frame structures, the tail end of after-frame (5) has axle bed (7), be symmetrically arranged with slide rail (5-1) on the rear portion of after-frame (5) support body, after-frame (5), axle bed (7) and back seat (4) are connected as a single entity, axle bed (7) and back seat (4) concentric; Drive screw (6) is arranged on the axle bed (7), screw thread, axial limiting bulge loop and the release handle (8) of driving arranged on the drive screw (6), the axial limiting bulge loop of drive screw (6) is installed in the shell of axle bed (7), it is movable and can not move axially to make drive screw (6) can only make circumference, the release handle (8) of drive screw (6) stretches out the rear end of axle bed (7), the adjusting mouth of release handle (8) is square, cooperates the square hole specific purpose tool to regulate; Chute (3-1) is arranged on the rear portion barred body of combined cathode, driving screw (3-2) is arranged in the barred body, the driving screw (3-2) of combined cathode is threaded with drive screw (6), and the chute of combined cathode (3-1) cooperates with slide rail (5-1) on the after-frame (5) and carries out axial activity.In the present embodiment, supply terminals (17) is arranged on the anode (1), the power line connector is arranged on the barred body of combined cathode, the outer wall anterior at gun barrel (2) arranges solenoid, solenoid comprises wherein a kind of of collapse coil (20), revolving coil (21) or two kinds, when simultaneously collapse coil (20) and revolving coil (21) being set, revolving coil (21) is preceding, collapse coil (20) after.In the present embodiment, anode (1) is selected stainless steel material for use, adopt welding manner to make blank, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, anode (1) is divided into before the anode behind the jaw (1a) and anode jaw (1b) to be processed separately, finish by welding is connect then, after fine finishining such as cutting, polishing, two end faces of the anode after finishing (1) spray zirconia ceramic layer (1-4) again, (1-5) protects and insulation processing; Gun barrel (2) selects for use zirconia ceramics material to make, and back seat (4) selects for use stainless steel material to make.Arc plasma gun is worked with transferred arc mode or untransferable arc mode, when adopting the transferred arc mode, power line connector on the barred body of combined cathode is connected respectively to the negative pole of power-supply controller of electric main power source and the negative pole of striking high frequency electric source, and the supply terminals (17) on the anode (1) is connected respectively to the positive pole of power-supply controller of electric main power source and the positive pole of striking high frequency electric source; When adopting the untransferable arc mode, power line connector on the barred body of combined cathode is connected respectively to the negative pole of power-supply controller of electric main power source and the negative pole of striking high frequency electric source, supply terminals (17) on the anode (1) is connected to the positive pole of the striking high frequency electric source of power-supply controller of electric, and the positive pole of power-supply controller of electric main power source is connected with coke in the gasification furnace by contact device.Present embodiment is used existing plasma electric source apparatus.Cooling water interface (15) and working water interface (3-3) are connected to water system and steam-supplying system by the earthenware of one section 50cm length respectively.During present embodiment work, work gas when starting as plasma torch with water vapour earlier, after pulling out the electric arc operate as normal, the water consumption substitution water vapour divides two the tunnel to enter plasma torch again, the one tunnel annular cooling bath (1-1) that enters anode (1) wherein, after absorbing the heat of anode bodies, be vaporizated into water vapour in gasification hole (1-2), utilize the heat of the latent heat of vaporization absorption anode bodies of water to produce water vapour, enter spout (16) from spray vapour groove (1-3) with tangential direction then, become the activity chemistry thing and spray from spray gun; Another road enters the cooling chamber (3-4) in the combined cathode body, after absorbing the heat of cathode, (3-9) is vaporizated into water vapour at vaporization chamber, utilize the heat of the latent heat of vaporization absorption negative electrode of water, then, water vapour enters region of discharge as the working gas of plasma torch from spray vapour ring (3-8) ejection, is ionized to be cation and anion, become plasma arc, from spout (16) ejection of plasma torch.In the said process: make water as the cooling agent of anode (1) and combined cathode earlier, be vaporizated into water vapour then, utilize the latent heat of vaporization absorption anode (1) of water and the heat of combined cathode, avoid or slow down the ablation of anode (1) and combined cathode, again water vapour as work gas utilization or as being heated object, passing through electric field ionization, decomposition and activation becomes hydrogen (H
2), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O
2), the activity chemistry thing of oxygen (O) and hydrogen-oxygen atomic group (HO), sprayed into by plasma torch and to carry out chemical reaction with charcoal in the gasification furnace and generate synthesis gas.A part of water vapour in the plasma torch rifle body is as the interleaving agent between rifle body and the plasma arc or cooling agent, and protection rifle body is not ablated.Air feed (vapour) pressure of the work gas when plasma torch starts is 0.5～1Mpa, and the pressure of supply water during the plasma torch operate as normal is 0.2～0.5Mpa, and the pressure in the plasma torch is produced by water vapor; The input flow rate of water is pressed the electric input power direct proportion of plasma torch and is determined, when water vapour is heated to 4200 ℃, in 1kg(water): the ratio of 2.08～2.9kwh is come adjusted in concert discharge and electric input power.During plasma torch work, the interior square hole specific purpose tool that uses insulating material to make comes rotating drive screw rod (6), make combined cathode move axially to regulate the interior negative electrode head of rifle body and the distance between the anode, with the input power of increase and decrease plasma torch.
In embodiment 2 execution mode shown in Figure 2, lining (19) is arranged in air chamber (14), lining (19) selects for use the Zirconium oxide fibre cotton material to make, the inwall next-door neighbour of the outer wall of lining (19) and gun barrel (2), two ends of lining (19) are close to anode (1) and back seat (4) respectively, or two ends of lining (19) are close to anode (1) and negative electrode pedestal (18) respectively; On anode (1) and lining (19) next-door neighbour's the anode ring body through hole (1-7) is arranged, through hole (1-7) communicates with annular cooling bath (1-1), through hole (1-7) is guided the cooling water of annular cooling bath (1-1) into lining (19) absorption, cooling water is heated and is evaporated to water vapour, and water vapour is as work gas utilization or as being heated object.Present embodiment arranges lining (19) in air chamber (14) purpose is in order to protect the rifle body, to avoid the rifle body ablated; Near the outer wall of anode collapse coil (20) and revolving coil (21) are set at gun barrel (2), revolving coil (21) is preceding, collapse coil (20) after.The effect that present embodiment arranges collapse coil (20) is to produce compression magnetic field, makes the plasma arc compression in the rifle body, makes water vapour obtain higher heating-up temperature; The effect that revolving coil (21) is set is to make the plasma arc in the rifle body form cyclone mode, makes the water vapour at electric arc edge enter into arc core, makes homogeneous heating.The other side of present embodiment is identical with first embodiment.
In the above embodiments: the aperture of spout (16) is 0.8～1.2 with the ratio of hole length, and wherein, the aperture is greater than 8mm; The diameter of cathode taps front end face is less than or equal to the aperture of spout (16); The minimum spacing of negative electrode and anode is no less than 12mm; The gap width of spray vapour groove (1-3) is between 0.1～0.8mm; The total cross section in cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is 2～3 times of spray vapour groove (1-3) total cross section; The annular groove gap width of spray vapour ring (3-8) is between 0.3～2mm; The total cross section of vaporization chamber (3-9) is 3～5 times of spray vapour ring (3-8) cross section.
Claims (6)
1. arc plasma gun, comprise rifle body, negative electrode and anode, it is characterized in that arc plasma gun is made up of anode (1), combined cathode, gun barrel (2) and back seat (4), wherein, anode (1), gun barrel (2) and back seat (4) concentric setting, the rear end of gun barrel (2) is connected back seat (4) and goes up formation rifle body, anode (1) is connected the front end of gun barrel (2), the ring heart space of anode (1) constitutes spout (16), the interior space of gun barrel (2) constitutes air chamber (14), and back seat (4) constitutes the rear enclosed end of gun barrel (2); Anode (1) is the hollow ring body structure, and annular cooling bath (1-1) is arranged in the annular solid, and annular cooling bath (1-1) has cooling water interface (15) to insert; The front end of combined cathode extend in the gun barrel (2) by the via hole on the back seat (4), and the space between the front end of combined cathode and the anode (1) forms discharge space; The rear portion barred body of combined cathode is outside the rifle body, and working water interface (3-3) is by the cooling chamber (3-4) of the external access combined cathode of rifle; Combined cathode is by cathode rod (3a), cathode taps (3b) and cathode cap (3c) are formed, the stage casing of cathode rod (3a) to front end is tubular structure, the space constitutes cooling chamber (3-4) in the pipe, the front end of cathode taps (3b) is the taper seat of convergent, middle part and rear portion are cylindrical solid, working water gasification hole (3-5) or vaporization fin (3b-1) are arranged on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), when working water gasification hole (3-5) is arranged on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b), working water gasification hole (3-5) is circular slotted eye or square slotted eye or triangle slotted eye, working water gasification hole (3-5) is the porous mode, working water gasification hole (3-5) arranges ringwise with the axle center of cathode taps (3b), and fitting flange (3b-2) is arranged on the middle part entity of cathode taps (3b); When on the rear portion entity of cathode taps (3b) vaporization fin (3b-1) being arranged, vaporization fin (3b-1) is that multi-disc mode annular arranges, space between the vaporization fin (3b-1) constitutes vaporization chamber (3-9), on the vaporization fin (3b-1) fitting flange (3b-2) is arranged; Cathode cap (3c) is fastened on fitting flange (3b-2) on the barrel of cathode rod (3a) front end, vaporization fin (3b-1) extend in the pipe of cathode rod (3a), the front end of cathode taps (3b) stretches out cathode cap (3c), annular groove space between the cylindrical solid of cathode cap (3c) and cathode taps (3b) constitutes spray vapour ring (3-8), the space of cooling chamber (3-4) is communicated to spray vapour ring (3-8) by gasify hole (3-5) or vaporization chamber (3-9) of working water, and the outlet of spray vapour ring (3-8) is in air chamber (14).
2. a kind of arc plasma gun according to claim 1, it is characterized in that on the rear side end face of back seat (4) after-frame (5) being arranged, the tail end of after-frame (5) has axle bed (7), axle bed (7) and back seat (4) concentric, the support body rear portion of after-frame (5) is provided with slide rail (5-1), and after-frame (5), axle bed (7) and back seat (4) are connected as a single entity; Drive screw (6) is installed on the axle bed (7), and the release handle (8) of drive screw (6) stretches out the rear end of axle bed (7);
Have on the rear portion barred body of combined cathode driving screw (3-2) is arranged in chute (3-1) and the rear portion barred body, the driving screw (3-2) of combined cathode is threaded with drive screw (6), and the chute of combined cathode (3-1) cooperates with slide rail (5-1) on the after-frame (5) and carries out axial activity; There is stuffing box in the via hole outside of back seat (4), the front end of combined cathode extend in the gun barrel (2) by the stuffing box on the back seat (4) and via hole, airtight and watertight padding (13) is arranged in the stuffing box on the back seat (4), and airtight and watertight padding (13) is compressed by filler lid (12).
3. a kind of arc plasma gun according to claim 1, it is characterized in that having on the annular cooling bath (1-1) of anode (1) and the ring wall between the spout (16) cooling water gasification hole (1-2) and spray vapour groove (1-3), wherein, cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is circular hole or square hole or tri-angle-holed structure, cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is communicated on the spray vapour groove (1-3), and spray vapour groove (1-3) is the strip crevice structure; Cooling water gasification hole (1-2) is in a side of annular cooling bath (1-1), cooling water gasification hole (1-2) and spray vapour groove (1-3) make annular cooling bath (1-1) be communicated with space between the spout (16), spray vapour groove (1-3) and enter spout (16) with tangential direction.
4. a kind of arc plasma gun according to claim 1, it is characterized in that lining (19) is arranged in the air chamber (14), the inwall next-door neighbour of the outer wall of lining (19) and gun barrel (2), two ends of lining (19) are close to anode (1) and back seat (4) respectively, or two ends of lining (19) are close to anode (1) and negative electrode pedestal (18) respectively.
5. a kind of arc plasma gun according to claim 1, it is characterized in that on anode (1) and lining (19) next-door neighbour's the anode ring body through hole (1-7) being arranged, through hole (1-7) communicates with annular cooling bath (1-1), and through hole (1-7) is guided the cooling water of annular cooling bath (1-1) into lining (19) absorption.
6. a kind of arc plasma gun according to claim 1, it is characterized in that at the anterior outer wall of gun barrel (2) solenoid being set, solenoid comprises wherein a kind of of collapse coil (20), revolving coil (21) or two kinds, when simultaneously collapse coil (20) and revolving coil (21) being set, revolving coil (21) is preceding, collapse coil (20) after.
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| CN 201010514112 Division CN101980588B (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2010-10-04 | Arc plasma gun |
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