CN1274791C - Plasma coal gasifying process and device - Google Patents
Plasma coal gasifying process and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1274791C CN1274791C CN 200510012307 CN200510012307A CN1274791C CN 1274791 C CN1274791 C CN 1274791C CN 200510012307 CN200510012307 CN 200510012307 CN 200510012307 A CN200510012307 A CN 200510012307A CN 1274791 C CN1274791 C CN 1274791C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a plasma coal gasifying process and a device. The present invention is characterized in that working gas is led into a plasma generator and a power supply is applied so that the working gas is sprayed into a plasma reactor to produce plasma fields; then, synthetic gas and coal powder are sprayed into the plasma reactor to react through a preheating heat exchanger; the generated mixed gas is separated in a gas-solid separator through a water steam heat exchanger, separated coal ash falls into a coal ash tank, and separated synthetic gas is separated again in a bag dust remover; one part of the separated synthetic gas is delivered to a coal powder gas flow pipe and a synthetic gas pipe and most of synthetic gas is output; cooling water at the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the plasma generator is cooled, delivered to the water steam heat exchanger and the preheating heat exchanger, sprayed into the plasma reactor along the annular part of the inner wall surface of the plasma reactor through a synthetic gas and water steam spraying pipe to form a blocking layer so as to block the coking of carbon fragments in the inner wall surface. The present invention has the advantages of reasonable process, compact structure and no environmental pollution, continuous operating time is increased by more than 3 times, the gasifying rate of coal is increased by 4% to 6%, reaching 92% to 95%, and the efficiency of the reactor is increased by about 10%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology and the device of a kind of Processes and apparatus of gasification, particularly a kind of plasma coal gasifying.
Background technology
Gasification is one of gordian technique of Coal Chemical Industry.Existing coal gasifying process can be divided into fixed bed, fluidized-bed and air flow bed three major types.The Lurgi technology is typical case's representative of bed gas metallization processes, and this class technology requires high to ature of coal, can only do raw material with lump coal; High temperature Wenkler technology is the representative of fluidized-bed process, and there is the problem of " suffering from vomiting and diarrhoea " in this class technology, causes its transformation efficiency low; Air flow bed technology can be divided into two kinds of dry feed and wet method chargings, Shell is the air flow bed technology of dry feed, Texaco and Dow are the air flow bed technology of wet method charging, but require the ash fusion point and the gasification temperature coupling of feed coal, need raw coal is mixed with coal water slurry, the coal scope that is fit to the use of air flow bed technology is narrower.The Coal Gasification Technology of efficient, low investment of exploitation and wide adaptability is to realize the importance of gasification.
The plasma coal gasifying technology is compared with conventional Coal Gasification Technology, plasma coal gasifying is used the characteristics of high temperature, high energy and the highdensity active particle of plasma torch, such system has very high reactivity, be easy to have an effect and feed coal is not had particular requirement, can be used for coal gasification inferior in coal; The gasification degree of plasma coal gasifying is up to more than 98%, and CO and H in the product gas
2The more conventional gasification of content be greatly improved, reach 97%, the calorific value of product gas reaches 12500KJ/m
3Sulphur in the coal more than 90% is converted into H
2S is easy to remove.
There are the coking of reactor wall face in existing plasma coal gasifying process and device, and its continuous operating time is short; Separate unit plasma coal gasifying device gasification load is little, and its industrialization is restricted; N as delivering gas
2Generate nitrogen compound in gasification installation, the later use of vapour need carry out the higher denitrogenation processing of expense; The thermo-efficiency of plasma coal gasifying device needs problems such as further raising.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is on the basis of above-mentioned existing plasma coal gasifying process and device, a kind of plasma coal gasifying process and device are proposed, solving the problem of existing plasma coal gasifying process and device, as the problem of reactor wall face coking, because coking causes the short problem of continuous operating time, problem that separate unit plasma coal gasifying device gasification load is little, as the N of delivering gas
2The later use that generates nitrogen compound and vapour in gasification installation need carry out the problem of the higher denitrogenation processing of expense; The problem that the thermo-efficiency of plasma coal gasifying device is low is to improve and the further technology of gasification and the efficient of gasification of improving.
The present invention addresses the above problem and realizes that the operational path that above-mentioned purpose takes is as follows:
In plasma generator, feed the after-applied power supply of working gas, and spray into the speed of 50～80m/s and to produce plasma arcs in the plasma reactor, form 1000 ℃～2000 ℃ argon-arc plasma field by working gas inlet; Synthetic gas and coal dust as breeze airflow by coal dust streamtube after the preheating heat exchanger preheating, by the breeze airflow nozzle coal dust of 20～100 μ m is reacted with the thermal plasma field that the coal amount of the speed of 4～6m/s and 50～90g/min sprays in the plasma reactor, enter after the mixed gas process steam interchanger heat release that generates and carry out gas in the gas-solid separator, Gu separate, isolated coal ash falls into the coal ash groove of sealing, isolated mixed gas carries out the separation of thin flying dust in sack cleaner, isolated flying dust enters in the flying dust groove of sealing, isolated 5%～15% synthetic gas enter syngas tube and coal dust streamtube through the preheating heat exchanger preheating after as the protection gas of plasma reactor and the carrier gas of breeze airflow; Output stores 85%～95% synthetic gas as the synthetic gas product by the synthetic gas output tube;
The anode and cathode that the recirculated cooling water cover import of the water coolant of cooling system on plasma generator enters cooling plasma generator in the cooling tank circuit, after water coolant behind the absorption heat exports by the recirculated cooling water cover, enter through the steam heat exchanger entrance again and carry out heat exchange in the steam interchanger, 150 ℃～250 ℃ steam behind the absorption heat enters in the preheating heat exchanger once more, synthetic gas in the preheating syngas tube and the breeze airflow in the coal dust streamtube, and 120 ℃～225 ℃ water vapor sent by preheating heat exchanger steam outlet pipe;
Synthetic gas mixes with water vapor after by the syngas tube preheating after synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe sprays into along the inner-wall surface annular of plasma reactor, inner-wall surface at plasma reactor forms the synthetic gas blocking layer, stops the coking of charcoal fragment at the inner-wall surface of plasma reactor.
The present invention realizes that the technical measures that the device of above-mentioned plasma coal gasifying process is taked comprise power supply, the working gas inlet, recirculated cooling water cover inlet, plasma generator, plasma reactor, the steam interchanger, gas-solid separator, the coal ash groove, preheating heat exchanger steam outlet pipe, preheating heat exchanger, coal dust streamtube, syngas tube, the breeze airflow jet pipe, the plasma generator inlet, synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe, the outlet of recirculated cooling water cover, the steam heat exchanger exit, the steam heat exchanger entrance, the gas-solid separator outlet, sack cleaner, synthetic gas output tube flying dust groove, the synthetic gas blocking layer, plasma arc, breeze airflow, the thermal plasma field, the plasma reactor shell, the plasma generator shell, plasma anode bar insulator, the plasma anode bar, the plasma cathode rod, top cover, working gas passage shell, plasma cathode rod insulator, the recirculated cooling water cover, working gas ejection passage is characterized in that being provided with power supply on the top cover of producer, working gas, the breeze airflow jet pipe, plasma generator inlet and synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe; In plasma generator, be equipped with plasma cathode rod and plasma cathode rod insulator and with excellent corresponding plasma anode bar of plasma cathode and plasma anode bar insulator; Be provided with the breeze airflow jet pipe between the plasma cathode rod in plasma generator; Periphery in plasma generator is provided with synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe; In plasma generator, be provided with recirculated cooling water cover and recirculated cooling water cover import and the outlet of recirculated cooling water cover, and by the top cover fixing seal, the outlet of recirculated cooling water cover is communicated with the inlet of steam interchanger by water-cooled tube, be communicated with preheating heat exchanger through steam heat exchanger exit pipe, coal dust streamtube and syngas tube are sent in the plasma generator after by the preheating heat exchanger preheating; Be provided with plasma reactor, steam interchanger, gas-solid separator and coal ash groove successively in the bottom of plasma generator; Be provided with the gas-solid separator outlet on gas-solid separator, and be communicated with sack cleaner by pipeline, the back is stored by the synthetic gas output that the synthetic gas output tube is communicated with preheating heat exchanger and gasification product.
Wherein said working gas is oxygen or air gas mixture; Described breeze airflow jet pipe is that two or more breeze airflow jet pipes constitute at least; Described synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe is that two or more at least synthetic gas water vapor jet pipes constitute; Described plasma reactor shell is compound and constitute by inner-wall surface anti-coking layer and middle high-temperature-resistant layer and outer wall thermal insulation layer.
The present invention is on the basis of existing plasma coal gasifying process and device, Processes and apparatus has been carried out further improvement, and realize that from operational path the thorough isolation of pyrocarbon fragment and inner-wall surface is with the prolongation continuous operating time, improve the partial concn and the duration of contact of reaction zone coal dust, reduce heat radiation and synthetic gas recirculation so that coal transformation efficiency and thermo-efficiency to be provided.For realizing above-mentioned technological process, the present invention has also adopted synthetic gas water vapor mixture body to spray into along the inner-wall surface longitudinal spiral of this plasma reactor device, as the barrier layer between charcoal fragment and the wall, effectively suppress it in the coking of reactor wall face deposition, prolong the continuous operating time of this device, for the industrialization continuous production of this device provides condition.The present invention adopts in plasma spray inlet central longitudinal and sprays into breeze airflow to symmetry, to increase coal dust and isoionic reaction times, and at argon-arc plasma field high-temperature zone formation stagnation enrichment region, improve the partial concn and the reaction times of reaction zone coal dust, because this mode of employing, need not pass the frictional belt, shorten the distance that coal dust enters the plasma flame high-temperature zone, improve the transformation efficiency of coal.Adopt the synthetic gas of mixed gas after separating as the coal dust delivering gas, reduced the required denitrogenation expense of vapour later use, improve the economy of system; For the industrialization continuous production, the present invention is provided with the cold cover of cyclic water jacket in plasma generator, steam interchanger and preheating heat exchanger, so that utilize heat energy, the mixed gas that the cooling reaction generates, heating breeze airflow and synthetic gas are to reduce calorific loss, effectively utilized heat energy, this operational path is reasonable, equipment configuration compact construction, non-environmental-pollution.
The present invention is owing to improve existing plasma coal gasifying device, and realized plasma coal gasifying process, make this device continuous operating time improve more than 3 times, the coal gasification rate has improved 4%～6%, reached 92%～95%, reactor efficiency has improved about 10%, and has solved the coking problem since the reactor wall face length phase, has obtained gratifying effect.
By the enforcement of above technology, the load of reaction unit improves more than 5 times, reaction unit thermo-efficiency improve 10%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction synoptic diagram of gasifying coal by using plasma technology and device
Fig. 2 is a gasifying coal by using plasma device principal section structural representation
Fig. 3 is that the gasifying coal by using plasma device is faced upward cross-sectional view
Fig. 4 is the plasma gun cross-sectional view
：1： 2： 3： 4： 5： 6： 7： 8：9： 10： 11： 12： 13： 14： 15： 16： 17： 18： 19： 20： 21： 22： 23： 24： 25： 26： 27： 28： 29： 30： 31： 32： 33：34： 35： 36：
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is made and to further specify:
Embodiment 1
The present invention improves on the basis of original Processes and apparatus; as shown in Figure 1; after plasma generator (4) is upward fed working gas (oxygen) and is applied with power supply (1) by working gas (2) inlet; in plasma reactor (5), produce plasma arcs (24); syngas tube (12); coal dust streamtube (11) is after preheating heat exchanger (10) heat absorption; spray in the plasma reactor (5) by synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe (15) and breeze airflow jet pipe (13); in plasma reactor (5), react; its resultant process steam interchanger (6) heat release enters in the gas-solid separator (7) carries out gas solid separation; isolated coal ash enters in the sealing coal ash groove (8); and coal ash is promoted to the coal dust infeed end carries out recycle; isolated flying dust is as cement filler; isolated mixed gas separates after entering sack cleaner (20) once more; isolated synthetic gas is through synthetic gas output tube (21); as the carrier gas of the protection gas and the coal dust streamtube (11) of plasma reactor (5), the synthetic gas with 85%～95% is as the product output of plasma coal gasifying after preheating heat exchanger (10) preheating for synthetic gas with 5%～15%.
The watercooling jacket import (3) of water feeding system through being installed on plasma generator (4) enters in the cooling tank circuit cools off anode and cathode, water behind the absorption heat is through watercooling jacket outlet (16), introduce in the steam interchanger (6) through steam heat exchanger entrance (18) again, 150 ℃～250 ℃ steam behind the absorption heat enters in the preheating heat exchanger (10), preheating syngas tube (12) and coal dust streamtube (11), 120 ℃～225 ℃ steam of preheating heat exchanger steam outlet pipe (9) carries out UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN.
The action mode of coal dust carrier gas air-flow, synthetic gas water vapor air-flow and plasma arcs is seen accompanying drawing 2 (gasifying coal by using plasma device principal section figure), accompanying drawing 3 (the gasifying coal by using plasma device is faced upward sectional view) and accompanying drawing 4 (plasma gun sectional view).
Synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe (15) sprays into along the inner-wall surface annular of plasma reactor (5), inner-wall surface at plasma reactor (5) forms synthetic gas blocking layer (23), reaction forms mixed gas under the effect of thermal plasma field (26), synthetic gas water vapor mixture body blocking layer (23) can stop the coking of charcoal fragment on plasma reactor (5) inner-wall surface, and the air curtain effect is played on synthetic gas water vapor mixture body blocking layer (23), has reduced the working temperature of plasma reactor shell (27).
The plasma arc (24) of two and two above plasma gun ejections forms thermal plasma field (26), in the interval of plasma gun, be furnished with two and two above breeze airflow jet pipes (13), breeze airflow (25) is sprayed in the thermal plasma field (26), the realization coal dust fully contacts with thermal plasma field (26), reaction forms mixed gas and carries out heat exchange through steam interchanger (6), the mobile of steam is counter-flow arrangement with the reaction mixture gas body in the steam interchanger (6), water absorbs heat at steam interchanger (6), be converted into the water vapor of steam heat exchanger exit (17), the mixed gas after the heat release enters in the gas-solid separator (7).
Embodiment 2
The device that is used for plasma coal gasifying process; （1） （2） （3） （4） （5） （6） （7） （8） （9） （10） （11） （12） （13） （14） （15） （16） （17） （18） （19） （20） （21） （22） （23） （24） （25） （26） （27） （28） （29） （30） （31） （32） （33） （34） （35） （36）, （4） （32） （1）； Breeze airflow jet pipe (13); Plasma generator entrance (14); In plasma generator (4), be equipped with plasma cathode rod (31) and plasma cathode insulator (34) and with corresponding plasma anode bar of plasma cathode rod (31) (30) and plasma anodized insulation (29); Between plasma cathode rod (31), be provided with breeze airflow jet pipe (13); Periphery at plasma generator (4) is provided with synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe (15); In plasma generator (4), be provided with recirculated water cooling cover (35) and watercooling jacket import (3) and watercooling jacket outlet (16), and by top cover (32) fixing seal, recirculated cooling water cover outlet (16) is communicated with the inlet of steam interchanger (6) by water-cooled tube, outlet pipe through steam interchanger (6) is communicated with preheating heat exchanger (10) again, and coal dust streamtube (11) and syngas tube (12) are communicated with plasma generator (4) by preheating heat exchanger (10); Be provided with steam interchanger (6), gas-solid separator (7) and coal ash groove (8) successively in the bottom of plasma generator (4); Gas-solid separator (7) is communicated with sack cleaner (20) by pipeline, and the part of isolated synthetic gas (21) is sent into coal dust streamtube (11) and syngas tube (12) by pipeline, and is most of by the product synthetic gas output of pipeline as the plasma coal gasifying device.
Claims (5)
1. plasma coal gasifying process, it is characterized in that in plasma generator (4), feeding the after-applied power supply of working gas (1) by working gas inlet (2), and spray into the speed of 50～80m/s and to produce plasma arcs (24) in the plasma reactor (5), form 1000 ℃～2000 ℃ argon-arc plasma field (26); Synthetic gas and coal dust pass through coal dust streamtube (11) after preheating heat exchanger (10) preheating as breeze airflow, by breeze airflow nozzle (13) coal dust of 20～100 μ m is reacted with the thermal plasma field (26) that the coal amount of the speed of 4～6m/s and 50～90g/min sprays in the plasma reactor (5), enter in the gas-solid separator (7) after mixed gas process steam interchanger (6) heat release that generates and carry out gas, Gu separate, isolated coal ash falls into the coal ash groove (8) of sealing, isolated mixed gas carries out the separation of thin flying dust in sack cleaner (20), isolated flying dust enters in the flying dust groove (22) of sealing, isolated 5%～15% synthetic gas enter syngas tube (12) and coal dust streamtube (11) through preheating heat exchanger (10) preheating after as the protection gas of plasma reactor (5) and the carrier gas of breeze airflow; Output stores 85%～95% synthetic gas as the synthetic gas product by synthetic gas output tube (21);
The recirculated cooling water cover import (3) of the water coolant of cooling system on plasma generator (4) enters the anode and cathode of cooling off plasma generator (4) in the cooling tank circuit, after water coolant behind the absorption heat exports (16) by the recirculated cooling water cover, enter in the steam interchanger (6) through steam heat exchanger entrance (18) again and carry out heat exchange, 150 ℃～250 ℃ steam behind the absorption heat enters in the preheating heat exchanger (10) once more, breeze airflow in synthetic gas in the preheating syngas tube (12) and the coal dust streamtube (11), and 120 ℃～225 ℃ water vapor sent by preheating heat exchanger steam outlet pipe (9);
Synthetic gas mixes with water vapor after by syngas tube (12) preheating after synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe (15) sprays into along the inner-wall surface annular of plasma reactor (5), inner-wall surface at plasma reactor (5) forms synthetic gas blocking layer (23), stops the coking of charcoal fragment at the inner-wall surface of plasma reactor (5).
2. device that is used for plasma coal gasifying process, comprise power supply (1), working gas inlet (2), watercooling jacket inlet (3), plasma generator (4), plasma reactor (5), steam interchanger (6), gas-solid separator (7), coal ash groove (8), preheating heat exchanger steam outlet pipe (9), preheating heat exchanger (10), coal dust streamtube (11), syngas tube (12), breeze airflow jet pipe (13), plasma generator inlet (14), synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe (15), watercooling jacket outlet (16), the steam interchanger goes out (17), steam heat exchanger entrance (18), gas-solid separator outlet (19), sack cleaner (20), synthetic gas output tube (21) flying dust groove (22), plasma reactor shell (27), plasma generator shell (28), plasma anode bar insulator (29), plasma anode bar (30), plasma cathode rod (31), top cover (32), working gas passage shell (33), plasma cathode rod insulator (34), recirculated cooling water cover (35), working gas ejection passage (36) is characterized in that being provided with power supply (1) on the top cover of producer, working gas inlet (2), breeze airflow jet pipe (13), plasma generator inlet (14) and synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe (15); In plasma generator (4), be equipped with plasma cathode rod (31) and plasma cathode the rod insulator (34) and with corresponding plasma anode bar of plasma cathode rod (31) (30) and plasma anode bar insulator (29); Be provided with breeze airflow jet pipe (13) between the plasma cathode rod (31) in plasma generator (4); Periphery in plasma generator (4) is provided with synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe (15); In plasma generator (4), be provided with cover import (3) of recirculated cooling water cover (35) and recirculated cooling water and recirculated cooling water cover outlet (16), and by top cover (32) fixing seal, recirculated cooling water cover outlet (16) is communicated with the inlet (18) of steam interchanger by water-cooled tube, be communicated with preheating heat exchanger (10) through steam heat exchanger exit (17) pipe again, coal dust streamtube (11) and syngas tube (12) are sent in the plasma generator (4) after by preheating heat exchanger (10) preheating; Be provided with plasma reactor (5), steam interchanger (6), gas-solid separator (7) and coal ash groove (8) successively in the bottom of plasma generator (4); Be provided with gas-solid separator outlet (19) on gas-solid separator (7), and be communicated with sack cleaner (20) by pipeline, the back is stored by the synthetic gas output that synthetic gas output tube (21) is communicated with preheating heat exchanger (10) and gasification product.
3. the device that is used for plasma coal gasifying process according to claim 2 is characterized in that breeze airflow jet pipe (11) is that two or more breeze airflow jet pipes (11) constitute at least.
4. the device that is used for plasma coal gasifying process according to claim 2 is characterized in that synthetic gas water vapor jet pipe (15) is that two or more at least synthetic gas water vapor jet pipes (15) constitute.
5. the device that is used for plasma coal gasifying process according to claim 2 is characterized in that described plasma reactor shell (27) is compound and constitute by inner-wall surface anti-coking layer and middle high-temperature-resistant layer and outer wall thermal insulation layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200510012307 CN1274791C (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2005-01-05 | Plasma coal gasifying process and device |
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| CN 200510012307 CN1274791C (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2005-01-05 | Plasma coal gasifying process and device |
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| CN1274791C true CN1274791C (en) | 2006-09-13 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100445244C (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-12-24 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Method and structure of preventing channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal from coking |
| CN101550056B (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-11-14 | 清华大学 | A thermal plasma coal cracking - gasification coupling process and reaction unit |
| CN101734620B (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2011-10-05 | 太原理工大学 | Method for producing hydrogen gas by methane-rich plasma |
| CN103200757B (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2015-06-24 | 衢州昀睿工业设计有限公司 | Arc plasma torch |
| CN102559272B (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2014-05-14 | 武汉凯迪工程技术研究总院有限公司 | Microwave plasma biomass entrained flow gasifier and process |
| CN103254939B (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-04-09 | 衢州市广源生活垃圾液化技术研究所 | Plasma garbage biomass gasification device |
| CN104353403B (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-08-17 | 浙江大学 | A kind of realize the system that energy recovery couples with continuous coke cleaning |
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