CN100445244C - Method and structure of preventing channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal from coking - Google Patents
Method and structure of preventing channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal from coking Download PDFInfo
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- CN100445244C CN100445244C CNB2006100410336A CN200610041033A CN100445244C CN 100445244 C CN100445244 C CN 100445244C CN B2006100410336 A CNB2006100410336 A CN B2006100410336A CN 200610041033 A CN200610041033 A CN 200610041033A CN 100445244 C CN100445244 C CN 100445244C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and structure to prevent a plasma coal pyrolysis reactor channel from coking. An annular combustor is set in the lower part of the coal and plasma jet mixing section in the reactor. There is a ring slit between the combustor chamber annular inner wall and its channel inner wall, which can rapidly release high temperature and high pressure gas generated from rapid combustion or reaction in the combustion chamber. A high temperature and high speed film formed in the inner wall of channel can prevent contact between channel inner wall gasified carbon as well as melting coal particles, therefore preventing the reactor channel from coking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology and device of preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal.
Background technology
Over nearly 20 years, scientist has obtained abundant achievement in research just to utilizing hydrogen gas plasma system acetylene technology to carry out a large amount of basic research works on laboratory scale both at home and abroad, and the science science of coal plasma pyrolysis system acetylene has obtained checking.Advantages such as (calcium carbide routes 70%) that the successes achieved in research show that coal plasma pyrolysis system acetylene technological line has non-environmental-pollution, flow process is short, energy consumption is low, but Reaktionsofen coking and improve two key technical problems of acetylene yield and never be resolved.
Adopt the Technology of thermal plasma Coal Pyrolysis system acetylene also to be in the pilot scale stage in the world at present, do not see the report that has large-scale industrialization device to put into operation.In the process of preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal, be to hinder a great problem that this process further develops in the coking problem of reactor wall always, and then also hindered its industrialized paces.
After entering the nineties in 20th century, the AKAD WISS PHYS CHEM company of Germany developed with the oxygen plasma jet remove up hill and dale fast on the plasma reactor wall the hard carbon deposition technology.This process be on the cleaning reaction wall hard carbon deposition and the process that the hydrocarbon pyrolysis process hockets, in scavenging process, a rotation arc is started 1min～2min.This cover system does not need expensive especially equipment, and environmental friendliness, can be used in the various plasma devices, especially be applicable to that carbon fluid and coal transform in the reactor of system ethene, acetylene, its advantage is easily and fast the hard carbon settling on the reactor wall to be disposed, and shortcoming is that reactor can not non-stop run.The Huls company of Germany has developed coal has been converted into acetylene in electric arc, and introduces air-flow with byproduct-Jiao in second arc, is gasificated into the technology of synthetic gas.The VEB CHEMLEIPZIG company of Germany has developed under plasma pyrolysis reactor operate continuously condition, periodically introduce and contain the burnt clearance technique that oxygen plasma is separated pyrolysis coking credit, this technology is the lasting production of plasma pyrolysis a little, has prolonged the service life of reactor and the reliability of work simultaneously.
Tian Yajun has carried out preliminary research to the coking mechanism of coal in the electric arc jet, points out that the coking mechanism of descending-bed reactor different sites is different, and the coking process is that the approach by temperature effect coking presoma species realizes.In the high-temperature zone, free carbon is main presoma; At middle warm area, polymerization and compound larger molecular organics small droplets are main coking presomas, are attached on the reactor wall and are formed coking material by charing; At cold zone, coking material is residual coal.Propose to eliminate the way of coking material simultaneously from the angle of theory: mainly be the coking presoma that produces the control pyrolytic process promptly from chemical terms; From physical angle is exactly how to prevent that the coking presoma from running on the reactor wall; But do not provide the concrete scheme of dealing with problems.Serious coking problem at the descending bed system of this thermal plasma Coal Pyrolysis acetylene process, Zhang Ji's space proposes, can carry out coke cleaning by in feed coal, adding the burnt carrier of an amount of inertia, coking presoma species in the reaction process directly are attached on the burnt carrier of inertia are taken out of, the burnt carrier of inertia constantly washes away the reaction tube wall in descending process simultaneously, thereby reaches the purpose of eliminating the wall coking.Tian Yuanyu has proposed to adopt the coke cleaning scheme of charging particle diameter bimodal distribution according to reactor wall coking mechanism and the different experimental result of different-grain diameter coal dust coking property.Lv Yongkang, Tian Yuanyu are when investigating particle diameter to the influencing of pyrolysis of coal, experimental analysis the influence of coal particle size to the reactor coking, coking phenomenon does not take place in coal particle size basically that find different coals rank less than 100 orders the time, begin to form coking near 100～120 orders, greater than the serious coking of 140 orders; Be that coking easily takes place fine particle, and coarse particles is difficult for coking.In addition, coal powder size is more little, and transformation efficiency is high more, and cracking is thorough more, and the ratio of acetylene in gas is big relatively more in the product gas.Utilize the high conversion of small particle size coal dust to produce acetylene; Big particle diameter coal dust partial thermal decomposition transforms, residual coal is centrifugal dishing out under the plasma flow effect of high speed rotating, reactor wall formed wash away, the coking phenomenon of coal plasma pyrolysis system acetylene unit can be alleviated or eliminate to the dynamically coking of cleaning reaction wall continuously in time.
The above method that delays plasma reactor coking and purge reactor coking material is to see the report of pilot experiment, and concrete performance difficulty.In sum, realize the industrial applications of thermal plasma system acetylene, must seek cost-effective method and solve coking problem, in the hope of realizing its industrial applications.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem of channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal from coking, on the basis of existing preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal pilot experiment device, the method and the structure of channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal from coking have been proposed to prevent, increase by one section in the bottom of coal dust and plasma jet mixing section and can produce the High Temperature High Pressure combustion chamber, use the combustion chamber can fast speed incendiary material, high temperature and high pressure gas sprays from the narrow annular channel high speed in the combustion chamber, form the high temperature and high speed air film at plasma reaction section inwall, the pulverized coal particle of prevention gas-phase carbon and thawing contacts with vias inner walls, reaches to prevent channel of reactor coking purpose.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
Prevent the method for channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal from coking, produce plasma jet by plasma generator, with the coal dust mixing and with coal dust heating vaporization, produce acetylene, discharge from passage, it is characterized in that being provided with a combustion chamber, in the combustion chamber, feed the material of rapid combustion or reaction, produce high temperature and high pressure gas, high temperature and high pressure gas sprays downwards along vias inner walls, form the high temperature and high speed air film in vias inner walls, the high temperature and high speed air film can stop the pulverized coal particle of gas-phase carbon and thawing to contact with vias inner walls, reaches to prevent channel of reactor coking purpose.
The combustion chamber is around the bottom of coal dust that is arranged on reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal and plasma jet mixing section, between the vias inner walls of the annular inner wall of combustion chamber and below, combustion chamber narrow annular channel is arranged, the material of energy rapid combustion or reaction feeds combustion chambers from many pipelines, rapid reaction generation high temperature and high pressure gas sprays fast from described narrow annular channel in the combustion chamber, form the high temperature and high speed air film in vias inner walls, high temperature and high speed air film direction of motion is parallel with air flow line in the passage.
The material of rapid combustion or reaction is the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, the perhaps mixture of Sweet natural gas and oxygen, and described constituents of a mixture can be regulated, and makes that the high temperature and high speed air film of its generation is oxidizing atmosphere or reducing atmosphere.
Prevent the structure of channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal from coking, comprise plasma reactor, it is characterized in that around the passage of the coal dust of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal and plasma jet mixing section bottom, combustion chamber around passage is arranged, inlet mouth is arranged on the combustion chamber, between the annular inner wall of combustion chamber and the vias inner walls below the combustion chamber, narrow annular channel is arranged.
The present invention has following advantage:
1, because the high temperature and high speed air film can stop the pulverized coal particle of gas-phase carbon and thawing to contact with the channel of reactor inwall, therefore, this method can effectively prevent the channel of reactor coking, the high temperature and high speed air film uses the material that can rapid combustion produces the high temperature and high speed air-flow, as the mixture of hydrogen and pure oxygen and the mixture of Sweet natural gas and pure oxygen etc.
2, coal dust complicated component and size distribution are 10～80 μ m, have the big particle diameter of minority to pass air film unavoidably and form coking material at reactor wall, and long-play will influence normal reaction.Adjust the ratio of combustion mixt in the case, the content of oxygen in the suitable increase mixture, the atmosphere that makes air film is oxidizing atmosphere, and coking material changes gasiform carbon monoxide and carbonic acid gas in high temperature oxidation atmosphere, thereby reaches the purpose of removing coking material.
3, the preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal process is a thermo-negative reaction, required heat in the past all derives from the entrained energy of red-hot plasma body, the entrained energy derive of plasma body is in electric energy, therefore, the cost of energy that plasma body carries wants high many than the combustion method generate energy, the high temperature and high speed air film can provide the heat of part in the plasma reaction section in the process that stops gas-phase carbon and pulverized coal particle, thereby reduces the unit power consumption of acetylene gas.
4, the high temperature and high speed air film can stop the pulverized coal particle of gas-phase carbon and thawing to contact with the channel of reactor inwall, has avoided the loss of washing away to reactor wall of the high speed coal dust particle that do not melt at a high speed, effectively the work-ing life of extension reactor inwall.
5, the high temperature and high speed air film unavoidably will carry out the transmission of energy and material in the coal dust of inside reactor at inside reactor, is equivalent to the heating once more to pulverized coal particle, helps the gasification of coal dust, thereby has increased the transformation efficiency of coal dust.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a device synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A synoptic diagram of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Example 1
Prevent the structure of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal coking, comprise plasma reactor 1, the plasma jet 2 that plasma reactor 1 produces enters fluidic channel 3, the bottom of fluidic channel 3 is divided into the mixing section 4 of coal dust and plasma jet 2, there is pulverized coal channel 5 to feed mixing section 4, around the passage of mixing section 4 bottoms, combustion chamber 6 around passage is arranged, inlet mouth 7 is arranged on the combustion chamber 6, between the annular inner wall of combustion chamber 6 and the vias inner walls 10 below the combustion chamber 6, narrow annular channel 12 is arranged.
The coal dust that is delivered at plasma jet 2 and pulverized coal channel 5 is in mixing section 4 short mix, coal dust is gasified by rapid heating, generate acetylene in plasma reaction section 9, the hydrogen and the purity oxygen gas mixture of energy rapid combustion are conveyed into combustion chamber 6 by 2～4 inlet mouths 7, gas mixture rapid reaction in the combustion chamber produces high temperature and high pressure gas, 6 lower annular slits 12 spray high temperature and high pressure gas fast from the combustion chamber, form high temperature and high speed air film 11 in vias inner walls 10, high temperature and high speed air film 11 direction of motion are parallel with Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid 8.
The plasma torch output rating is 2MW, and the coal dust operational throughput is 1200kg/h, and the reactor wall diameter is Φ 100mm.High temperature and high pressure gas forms the high temperature and high speed air film from Φ 90mm * 2mm narrow annular channel ejection, and narrow annular channel is apart from pulverized coal channel 40mm.Adjust hydrogen and oxygen proportion during normal the operation, burning flame atmosphere weakly reducing atmosphere, behind the long-play, reactor internal pressure rises, the reactor wall coking material makes the reaction channel area reduce to transfer, conversion zone pressure drop caused, reactor internal pressure progressively rises, but behind the 0.01Mpa of the pressure that rises greater than normal operating pressure, adjust hydrogen and oxygen proportion and make burning flame atmosphere weak oxide atmosphere, the solid coking material is oxidized to gasiform carbon monoxide and carbonic acid gas.Reactor pressure progressively behind the normal operating pressure of downtakes, is adjusted hydrogen and oxygen proportion and is made burning flame atmosphere reducing atmosphere, so the reciprocal assurance plasma reactor long-period stable operation of following.
Example 2
The plasma torch output rating is 2MW, and the coal dust operational throughput is 1200kg/h, and the reactor wall diameter is Φ 100mm.Use the generation high temperature and high pressure gas of Sweet natural gas and purity oxygen, high temperature and high pressure gas forms the high temperature and high speed air film from Φ 95mm * 2mm narrow annular channel ejection, and narrow annular channel is apart from pulverized coal channel 40mm.Adjust Sweet natural gas and oxygen proportion during normal the operation, burning flame atmosphere weakly reducing atmosphere, behind the long-play, reactor internal pressure rises, the reactor wall coking material makes the reaction channel area reduce to transfer, conversion zone pressure drop caused, reactor internal pressure progressively rises, but behind the 0.01Mpa of the pressure that rises greater than normal operating pressure, adjust Sweet natural gas and oxygen proportion and make burning flame atmosphere weak oxide atmosphere, the solid coking material is oxidized to gasiform carbon monoxide and carbonic acid gas.Reactor pressure progressively behind the normal operating pressure of downtakes, is adjusted hydrogen and oxygen proportion and is made burning flame atmosphere reducing atmosphere, so the reciprocal assurance plasma reactor long-period stable operation of following.All the other are with example 1.
Claims (4)
1, prevents the method for channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal from coking, produce plasma jet by plasma generator, with the coal dust mixing and with coal dust heating vaporization, produce acetylene, discharge, it is characterized in that being provided with a combustion chamber from passage, in the combustion chamber, feed the material of rapid combustion or reaction, produce high temperature and high pressure gas, high temperature and high pressure gas sprays downwards along vias inner walls, forms the high temperature and high speed air film in vias inner walls.
2, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the bottom of combustion chamber around coal dust that is arranged on reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal and plasma jet mixing section, between the vias inner walls of the annular inner wall of combustion chamber and below, combustion chamber narrow annular channel is arranged, the material of energy rapid combustion or reaction feeds combustion chambers from many pipelines, rapid reaction generation high temperature and high pressure gas sprays fast from described narrow annular channel in the combustion chamber, form the high temperature and high speed air film in vias inner walls, high temperature and high speed air film direction of motion is parallel with air flow line in the passage.
3, method according to claim 1 and 2, the material that it is characterized in that rapid combustion or reaction is the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, perhaps the mixture of Sweet natural gas and oxygen.
4, prevent the structure of channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal from coking, comprise plasma reactor, it is characterized in that around the passage of the coal dust of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal and plasma jet mixing section bottom, combustion chamber around passage is arranged, inlet mouth is arranged on the combustion chamber, between the annular inner wall of combustion chamber and the vias inner walls below the combustion chamber, narrow annular channel is arranged.
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| CNB2006100410336A CN100445244C (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2006-07-19 | Method and structure of preventing channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal from coking |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101734994B (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2013-01-16 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Pulverized coal mixer for generating acetylene by using coal in plasma |
| CN101734642B (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2013-01-16 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Plasma high temperature carbon conversion gas film reactor |
| CN101734995B (en) * | 2008-11-06 | 2013-05-22 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Device and method for producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal |
| CN101508623B (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2012-07-25 | 清华大学 | Plasma coal cracking reaction apparatus relating to flow screening component |
| CN101550054B (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-12-26 | 清华大学 | A thermal plasma and coal dust mixing structure applied to acetylene preparation process through catalytic cracking |
| CN104451762B (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | A kind of electric arc pyrolysis coal dust acetylene unit |
| CN105749838B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2020-08-21 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Thermal plasma reactor and decoking method thereof |
| CN110918026B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2022-08-26 | 新疆粤和泰化工科技有限公司 | Coal-to-acetylene plasma reactor with coking inhibition and on-line coke cleaning functions |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1648218A (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2005-08-03 | 太原理工大学 | Plasma coal gasifying process and device |
| CN1240647C (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-02-08 | 太原理工大学 | Apparatus and process for producing acetylene by plasma pyrolysis of coal and natural gas |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1240647C (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-02-08 | 太原理工大学 | Apparatus and process for producing acetylene by plasma pyrolysis of coal and natural gas |
| CN1648218A (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2005-08-03 | 太原理工大学 | Plasma coal gasifying process and device |
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