CN109868160A - Plasma nozzle, gasification furnace and gasification process for coal water slurry gasification - Google Patents
Plasma nozzle, gasification furnace and gasification process for coal water slurry gasification Download PDFInfo
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- CN109868160A CN109868160A CN201711251412.2A CN201711251412A CN109868160A CN 109868160 A CN109868160 A CN 109868160A CN 201711251412 A CN201711251412 A CN 201711251412A CN 109868160 A CN109868160 A CN 109868160A
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- spray head
- nozzle
- anode
- jet pipe
- gasifying agent
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical group [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of plasma nozzle, gasification furnace and gasification process for coal water slurry gasification.The nozzle includes nozzle body and cooling system；Nozzle body includes the cathode jet pipe being sequentially coaxially arranged from inside to outside, anode nozzle, middle ring jet pipe and outer ring jet pipe, sequentially forms the first gasifying agent channel, water-coal-slurry channel and the second gasifying agent channel between any two；The end in the first gasifying agent channel sealing is realized by the first insulated connecting piece；The inside of cathode jet pipe and anode nozzle is equipped with cooling medium channel, and inner wall surface thereof is equipped with heat conductive insulating coating；The outside wall surface of anode nozzle is equipped with the insulating sleeve being bonded therewith；The front end of anode spray head and cathode taps forms discharge space；Cooling system for reducing outer ring spray head temperature.The direct-fire starting of water-coal-slurry can be realized without preheating for the nozzle, saves furnace drying time, reduces energy consumption, improves reaction rate, efficiency of carbon con version and gasification efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plasma nozzles, gasification furnace and gasification process for coal water slurry gasification.
Background technique
The cleaning of coal with efficiently using be important topic in current China's using energy source and field of environment protection and I
One of the key technology of state's national sustained economic development.Core technology one of of the Coal Gasification Technology as clean coal technology, preparation
Synthesis gas be develop coal-based chemicals, Coal-based Liquid Fuel, advanced IGCC power generation, polygenerations systeme, hydrogen manufacturing, fuel cell
The basis of equal process industrials, is the leading technology of these industries.Wherein, entrained flow bed gasification technology because have coal adaptability it is strong,
The advantages that production capacity and high-efficient gasification, has worldwide obtained rapid popularization and has been widely applied.According to feed side
The difference of formula, airflow bed gasification furnace can be divided into two classes: one kind is that dry method is fed, by the direct pneumatic conveying of coal dust to nozzle；It is another
Class is wet process feed, and water-coal-slurry is delivered to nozzle.The critical component one of indispensable as these two types of gasification furnaces, nozzle skill
The development of art directly determines operation stability, high efficiency and the reliability of airflow bed gasification furnace.
In the prior art, coal slurry gasifier ignition process is as follows: first use pre- hot nozzle by furnace temperature rise to 1200 DEG C with
Upper and constant temperature, then Replacement procedure nozzle feed intake.Above-mentioned ignition process has following defects that be needed repeatedly more in ignition process
Nozzle is changed, therefore its process is relative complex, the time of driving is longer, and the safety for being unfavorable for device in Chemical Manufacture feeds intake and stablize fortune
Row；In addition, ignition process needs to consume a large amount of energy to promote fire box temperature, and contains a large amount of water in water-coal-slurry, and aqueous vapor
It turns to vapor and needs to absorb a large amount of heat, and coal and vapor, CO2Gasification reaction also can consume a large amount of heat
Reaction temperature, can not be reached higher level using nozzle in the prior art, therefore can greatly affect gasification efficiency by amount.
Currently, plasma technique is widely used at welding, cutting, igniting, metal smelt, waste incineration and waste
The fields such as reason, plasma are a kind of states of matter under high temperature or specific incentives, are the ions of partly or completely full-ionization
The gaseous state shape substance of change is made of a large amount of charged particle (ion, electronics) and neutral particle (atom, molecule), and temperature can
To be up to degree up to ten thousand.
Have in the prior art and plasma technique is applied to coal dust gasification field, such as: Chinese patent literature
CN104869741A discloses a kind of plasma torch for gasification, and Chinese patent literature CN103200757A discloses one
Kind arc plasma gun, but above-mentioned spray gun is only applicable to solid powder fuel (coal dust), and working gas is only applicable to water
Steam, other than above-mentioned limitation, its structure is complicated, and system is huge, can not be suitable for coal water slurry gasification；Chinese patent literature
CN1478869A discloses a kind of method and apparatus that plasma carries out coal gasification, is equally also only applicable to the gas of fine coal
Change, and plasma generator is individually separated with charging gear, so that system is excessively complicated and huge.
Therefore, seek a kind of to be suitable for water-coal-slurry, without preheating the direct-fire starting that water-coal-slurry can be realized
Nozzle is current technical problem urgently to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to necessary for the nozzle of coal water slurry gasification in the prior art in order to overcome
The defect for starting and there is no the plasma nozzle suitable for coal water slurry gasification that could light a fire first is preheated, and one kind is provided and is used for
Plasma nozzle, gasification furnace and the gasification process of coal water slurry gasification.The plasma nozzle, structure is simple, production and maintenance
Conveniently, applied widely, long service life, atomization are excellent.Water-coal-slurry can be realized without preheating in the plasma nozzle
Direct-fire starting, and furnace drying time can be greatlyd save, reduce energy consumption, and can greatly improve reaction rate, carbon turns
Rate and gasification efficiency.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by following technical proposals:
A kind of plasma nozzle for coal water slurry gasification comprising nozzle body；The nozzle body includes cathode
Jet pipe, anode nozzle, middle ring jet pipe and outer ring jet pipe；The cathode jet pipe, the anode nozzle, the middle ring jet pipe and described
The axis of outer ring jet pipe is on the same line；
The cathode jet pipe has the first front end and first end, and first front end is cathode taps, the cathode taps tool
There is the frustum cone structure tapered to first front end orient diameter along the first end；The inside of the cathode jet pipe, which is equipped with, to be supplied
Cooling medium flows into and the first cooling medium channel of outflow, and the inner wall of first cooling medium channel is equipped with first and leads
Thermal insulation coating；The anode nozzle is set in outside the cathode jet pipe, shape between the anode nozzle and the cathode jet pipe
At the first gasifying agent channel, sealing is realized by the first insulated connecting piece in the end in first gasifying agent channel；The anode
The front end of jet pipe is anode spray head, and the anode spray head is tapered to first front end orient diameter along the first end；Institute
The front end face for stating anode spray head opens up the first spout, and first spout is connected with first gasifying agent channel, and being used for will
Gasifying agent sprays into furnace；The outside wall surface of the anode nozzle is equipped with the insulating sleeve being bonded therewith；The inside of the anode nozzle
Inner wall equipped with the second cooling medium channel for entering for cooling medium stream and flowing out, and second cooling medium channel is equipped with
Second heat conductive insulating coating；
The middle ring jet pipe is set in outside the anode nozzle, forms water between the middle ring jet pipe and the anode nozzle
Coal slurry channel；The front end of the middle ring jet pipe is middle ring spray head, and the middle ring spray head is before the first end to described first
Extreme direction tapered diameter；The front end face of the middle ring spray head opens up the second spout, second spout and the water-coal-slurry channel
It is connected, for spraying to water-coal-slurry in furnace；
The outer ring jet pipe is set in outside the middle ring jet pipe, and is formed between the outer ring jet pipe and the middle ring jet pipe
Two gasifying agent channels；The front end of the outer ring jet pipe is outer ring spray head, and the outer ring spray head is along the first end to described the
One front end orient diameter is tapered；The front end face of the outer ring spray head opens up third spout, the third spout and second gas
Agent channel is connected, for spraying into gasifying agent in furnace；
First spout has electric arc implantation side wall, and the height of the electric arc implantation side wall is 50-100mm；The sun
The distance between front end face of the front end face of pole spray head and the middle ring spray head is 10-40mm.
Preferably, the material of the cathode jet pipe is zirconium or copper.Using the nozzle of the material, it can be achieved that cycle stability work
Make, and can prolong the service life.
Preferably, the end of the cathode jet pipe is equipped with the first cooling medium inlet and the first cooling medium exports；It is described
First cooling medium inlet is used to provide cooling medium to first cooling medium channel；It uses the first cooling medium outlet
It is discharged in by the cooling medium in first cooling medium channel.
More preferably, the first reinforcing member and the first waterproof short circuit cylinder are additionally provided with inside the cathode jet pipe, described first reinforces
Part extends to the front end of the cathode jet pipe from the end of the cathode jet pipe, and the first waterproof short circuit cylinder is sheathed on described
On the outside of one reinforcing member, and stretch to from the end of the cathode jet pipe front end of the cathode jet pipe, and with the cathode jet pipe
Front end does not contact.
Preferably, the plasma nozzle is additionally provided with cyclone and the second insulated connecting piece, the cyclone is used for will
Gasifying agent is tangentially passed through in first gasifying agent channel, and second insulated connecting piece is for realizing the cyclone and institute
State the insulation between anode nozzle.
More preferably, the number of the cyclone is 4, and is laid in the end side wall in first gasifying agent channel.
At this point, gasifying agent tangentially enters the first gasifying agent channel along four through cyclone, eddy flow is formed around cathode, reaches the first gasification
When agent channel outlet, the electric arc ionization formed between cathode taps and anode spray head is the plasma of high temperature.
Further more preferably, the internal diameter of the cyclone is equal with the outer diameter in first gasifying agent channel.
Preferably, the end of the anode nozzle is equipped with the second cooling medium inlet and the second cooling medium exports；It is described
Second cooling medium inlet is used to provide cooling medium to second cooling medium channel；It uses the second cooling medium outlet
It is discharged in by the cooling medium in second cooling medium channel.
More preferably, it is additionally provided with the second waterproof short circuit cylinder inside the anode nozzle, the second waterproof short circuit cylinder is from described
The front end of the anode nozzle is stretched in the end of cathode jet pipe, and does not contact with the front end of the anode nozzle.
Preferably, the end in the water-coal-slurry channel and the anode nozzle pass through flanged joint, set between the flange
There is insulated enclosure gasket.
Preferably, the end of the outer ring jet pipe and the middle ring jet pipe pass through flanged joint.
Preferably, the side wall of the middle ring jet pipe is equipped with water-coal-slurry entrance, the water-coal-slurry entrance is for leading to water-coal-slurry
Enter the water-coal-slurry channel.
Preferably, the side wall of the outer ring jet pipe is equipped with gasification agent inlet, the gasification agent inlet is for leading to gasifying agent
Enter second gasifying agent channel.
Preferably, the thermal coefficient of the first heat conductive insulating coating and the second heat conductive insulating coating is 8W/ (m
K more than).
Preferably, the first heat conductive insulating coating and the second heat conductive insulating coating with a thickness of 1-10mm, such as
It can be 2mm.
Preferably, the material of the insulating sleeve is ceramics.
In the present invention, the height of the electric arc implantation side wall may be, for example, 75mm, the cathode taps and the electric arc implantation
The discharge space is formed between side wall, generates plasma for ionizing gasifying agent.When work, the cathode taps and institute
It states and forms electric arc between anode spray head, gasifying agent is ionized and generates plasma.
Preferably, first spout is cylindrical namely the electric arc implantation side wall is the circumferential surface of the cylinder.
Preferably, the lateral wall of the cathode taps is parallel with the inner sidewall of the anode spray head；The anode spray head
Lateral wall is parallel with the inner sidewall of the middle ring spray head；The inner sidewall of the lateral wall of the middle ring spray head and the outer ring spray head
It is parallel；The distance between top of the front end face of the cathode taps and first spout is equal in the outside of the cathode taps
The width in first gasifying agent channel between wall and the inner sidewall of the anode spray head.
More preferably, the contract angle of the outer angle of throat of the cathode taps and the anode spray head is equal, and is 50-80 °, example
It such as can be 65 °；The outer angle of throat of the anode spray head is equal with the contract angle of the middle ring spray head, and is 45-80 °, such as
It can be 55 °；The outer angle of throat of the middle ring spray head is equal with the contract angle of the outer ring spray head, and is 45-80 °, such as can
It is 55 °.
Wherein, the outer angle of throat of the cathode taps is the lateral wall of the cathode taps and the angle of horizontal plane；The anode
The contract angle of spray head is the inner sidewall of the anode spray head and the angle of horizontal plane；The outer angle of throat of the anode spray head is institute
State the lateral wall of anode spray head and the angle of horizontal plane；The contract angle of the middle ring spray head is the inner sidewall of the middle ring spray head
With the angle of horizontal plane；The outer angle of throat of the middle ring spray head is the lateral wall of the middle ring spray head and the angle of horizontal plane；Institute
The contract angle for stating outer ring spray head is the inner sidewall of the outer ring spray head and the angle of horizontal plane.
In the present invention, the front end face of the anode spray head and the distance between the front end face of the middle ring spray head be may be, for example,
30mm。
Preferably, the front end face of the middle ring spray head and the front end face of the outer ring spray head are flush.
Preferably, the material of the anode spray head, the middle ring spray head and the outer ring spray head is UMCo-50 alloy material
Material.Using the nozzle of the material, it can be achieved that long period steady operation, and can prolong the service life.
Preferably, the plasma nozzle further includes cooling system, the cooling system is for reducing the outer ring spray
The temperature of head；The cooling system includes cooling chamber and cooling coil, and the cooling chamber is set to the outside of the outer ring spray head,
The cooling chamber is equipped with third cooling medium entrance and third cooling medium exports, the third cooling medium outlet and cooler pan
Pipe is connected, and the cooling coil coiled coil is on the outer wall of the outer ring jet pipe.
More preferably, the cooling chamber coaxial arrangement is in the outside of the outer ring spray head.
In the present invention, the position of the anode nozzle and the cathode jet pipe be can be interchanged.
The present invention also provides a kind of gasification furnace, the gasification furnace includes plasma nozzle above-mentioned.
In the present invention, the plasma nozzle is connected preferably by flange with the gasification furnace.
In the present invention, at the top of the furnace body of the gasification furnace or in some plane of side wall or multiple planes settable one or
Multiple plasma nozzles.
In the present invention, the gasification furnace is preferably airflow bed gasification furnace.
The present invention also provides a kind of gasification process of water-coal-slurry, the gasification process, which uses, is equipped with aforementioned plasma nozzle
Gasification furnace, the gasification process includes the following steps:
(1) gasifying agent flowed out from first gasifying agent channel is by the electric arc between the cathode taps and the anode head
Ionization, obtains gasifying agent plasma；
(2) water that the gasifying agent plasma and the gasifying agent of third spout outflow flow out second spout
Coal slurry shearing atomization, then occurs gasification reaction in the gasification furnace.
In the present invention, the type and dosage of the gasifying agent can be the type and dosage of this field routine.
Preferably, the gasifying agent is pure oxygen, purity is generally 99.8%.More preferably, into first gasifying agent
The flow of the gasifying agent in channel, which accounts for, " to be entered the flow of the gasifying agent in first gasifying agent channel and enters second gasifying agent
The 50%-80% of the summation of the flow of gasifying agent in channel ", may be, for example, 70%.
Preferably, the solid content of the water-coal-slurry is 50wt%-70wt%, 61wt% may be, for example,.
Preferably, the flow velocity of gasifying agent is 0-50m/ in first gasifying agent channel and second gasifying agent channel
S, and be not 0, it may be, for example, 30m/s；The flow velocity of the water-coal-slurry channel exit water-coal-slurry is 0.1-1.0m/s, be may be, for example,
0.5m/s；The exit velocity of the nozzle oxygen gas plasma of the anode spray head is 100-340m/s, may be, for example, 340m/s.
The exit velocity of the plasma of above-mentioned special selection, can strengthen the atomizing effect of water-coal-slurry, further increase efficiency of carbon con version.
Preferably, the gasification operation pressure of the gasification process is 0.1-10.0MPa, 4.0Mpa may be, for example,.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plasma nozzle further includes cooling system, and the cooling system is used
In the temperature for reducing the outer ring spray head；The cooling system includes cooling chamber and cooling coil, and the cooling chamber is set to institute
The outside of outer ring spray head is stated, the cooling chamber is equipped with third cooling medium entrance and third cooling medium exports, and the third is cold
But media outlet is connected with cooling coil, and the cooling coil coiled coil is on the outer wall of the outer ring jet pipe；
Wherein, the saturated steam that the cooling medium entered through the third cooling medium entrance is 250 DEG C, and it is described cold
But the flow of medium is 3.5kg/s.
In the present invention, preferably, the gasification furnace is airflow bed gasification furnace.More preferably, the gasification furnace is vertical air-flow
Bed gasification furnace.
On the basis of common knowledge of the art, above-mentioned each optimum condition, can any combination to get each preferable reality of the present invention
Example.
The positive effect of the present invention is that: the present invention provide a kind of plasma nozzle for coal water slurry gasification,
Gasification furnace and gasification process.The plasma nozzle, structure is simple, production and easy to maintain, applied widely, service life
Long, atomization is excellent, promotion and application value with higher, and can be improved efficiency of carbon con version.It is sprayed using the plasma
Mouth, water-coal-slurry can directly be lighted under lower fire box temperature by high-temperature oxygen plasma, and the igniting for completing gasification furnace is driven,
Save gasification furnace furnace drying time and energy consumption.The arrangement of nozzle can be adjusted flexibly in gasification furnace equipped with plasma nozzle,
And then it conveniently matches to form suitable flow field with furnace body.Oxygen can be ionized and is up to for temperature by the plasma nozzle
Water in water-coal-slurry can be directly decomposed into hydrogen, oxygen, hydrogen atom, oxygen atom and hydrogen by 5000 DEG C or more of plasma
Oxygen atomic group isoreactivity substance, these active materials directly carry out gasification reaction with coal again, greatly improve reaction rate, carbon turns
Rate and gasification efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is cross-sectional view of the plasma nozzle along central axis of embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 plasma nozzle sectional view along A-A；
Fig. 3 is the partial enlargement diagram on the plasma nozzle head of embodiment 1；
Description of symbols:
Outer ring spray head 1
Middle ring spray head 2
Anode spray head 3
Cooling chamber 4
Cathode taps 5
Cooling coil 6
Insulating sleeve 7
Outer ring jet pipe 8
Middle ring jet pipe 9
First flange 10
Third cooling medium entrance 11
Third cooling medium outlet 12
Second gasifying agent channel 13
Water-coal-slurry channel 14
First gasifying agent channel 15
Outer ring gasification agent inlet 16
Second flange 17
Anode nozzle 18
Cathode jet pipe 19
Water-coal-slurry entrance 20
Third flange 21
Second cooling medium channel 22
Second cooling medium entrance 23
Second cooling medium outlet 24
Second insulated connecting piece 25
Cyclone 26
First insulated connecting piece 27
First cooling medium channel 28
First cooling medium entrance 29
First cooling medium outlet 30
Tangential swirl air inlet 31
The front end face 32 of anode spray head
The front end face 33 of middle ring spray head
The front end face 34 of outer ring spray head
Electric arc implantation side wall 35
The top 36 of first spout
Specific embodiment
The embodiment for further illustrating the present invention below by the mode of embodiment, but therefore not limiting the present invention to
Among range.
Embodiment 1
(1) it is used for the plasma nozzle of coal water slurry gasification
Plasma nozzle for coal water slurry gasification as shown in Figure 1 comprising nozzle body and cooling system；Nozzle
Main body includes cathode jet pipe 19, anode nozzle 18, middle ring jet pipe 9 and the outer ring jet pipe 8 of coaxial arrangement；The material of cathode jet pipe 19
For zirconium, the material of anode spray head 3, middle ring spray head 2 and outer ring spray head 1 is UMCo-50 alloy material；Cathode jet pipe 19 has first
Front end and first end, the first front end are cathode taps 5, and cathode taps 5 have tapered to the first front end orient diameter along first end
Frustum cone structure；The inside of cathode jet pipe 19 is equipped with the first cooling medium channel 28, and the inner wall of the first cooling medium channel 28
Face is equipped with the first heat conductive insulating coating；Anode nozzle 18 is set in outside cathode jet pipe 19, anode nozzle 18 and cathode jet pipe 19 it
Between form the first gasifying agent channel 15, sealing is realized by the first insulated connecting piece 27 in the end in the first gasifying agent channel 15；Sun
The front end of pole jet pipe 18 is anode spray head 3, and anode spray head 3 is tapered to the first front end orient diameter along first end；Anode spray head 3
Front end face open up the first spout, the first spout is connected with the first gasifying agent channel 15, for will gasifying agent spray into furnace in；Sun
The outside wall surface of pole jet pipe 18 is equipped with the insulating sleeve 7 being bonded therewith, and the material of insulating sleeve 7 is ceramics；Anode nozzle 18 it is interior
Portion is equipped with the second cooling medium channel 22, and the inner wall of the second cooling medium channel 22 is equipped with the second heat conductive insulating coating；Yin
Discharge space is formed between the front end face of cartridge 5 and the front end face of anode spray head 3, for ionizing the gasifying agent in first passage
And generate plasma；Middle ring jet pipe 9 is set in outside anode nozzle 18, and water coal is formed between middle ring jet pipe 9 and anode nozzle 18
Starch channel 14；The front end of middle ring jet pipe 9 be middle ring spray head 2, middle ring spray head 2 along first end to the first front end orient diameter gradually
Contracting；The front end face of middle ring spray head 2 opens up the second spout, and the second spout is connected with water-coal-slurry channel 14, for spraying water-coal-slurry
Into furnace；Outer ring jet pipe 8 is set in outside middle ring jet pipe 9, and the second gasifying agent channel is formed between outer ring jet pipe 8 and middle ring jet pipe 9
13；The front end of outer ring jet pipe 8 is outer ring spray head 1, and outer ring spray head 1 is tapered to the first front end orient diameter along first end；Outer ring
The front end face of spray head 1 opens up third spout, and third spout is connected with the second gasifying agent channel 13, for gasifying agent to be sprayed into furnace
It is interior；Cooling system for reducing outer ring spray head 1 temperature.Wherein:
The end of cathode jet pipe 19 is additionally provided with the first cooling medium inlet and the first cooling medium outlet 30；First cooling Jie
Matter import is used to provide cooling medium to the first cooling medium channel 28；First cooling medium outlet 30 is for the first cooling to be situated between
Cooling medium discharge in matter channel 28.
It is additionally provided with the first reinforcing member and the first waterproof short circuit cylinder inside cathode jet pipe 19, the first reinforcing member is from cathode jet pipe 19
End extend to the front end of cathode jet pipe 19, the first waterproof short circuit cylinder is sheathed on the outside of the first reinforcing member, and from cathode jet pipe
The front end of cathode jet pipe 19 is stretched in 19 end, and does not contact with the front end of cathode jet pipe 19.
Plasma nozzle is additionally provided with cyclone 26 and the second insulated connecting piece 25, and cyclone 26 is used to cut on gasifying agent edge
To being passed through in the first gasifying agent channel 15, the second insulated connecting piece 25 is for realizing between institute's cyclone 26 and anode nozzle 18
Insulation.
As shown in Fig. 2, the number of cyclone 26 is 4, the outer diameter of the internal diameter of cyclone 26 and the first gasifying agent channel 15
It is equal, and it is laid in the end side wall in the first gasifying agent channel 15.At this point, gasifying agent is through cyclone 26 along four tangential entrance
First gasifying agent channel 15 forms eddy flow around cathode, when reaching the outlet of the first gasifying agent channel 15, by cathode taps 5 and anode
The electric arc ionization formed between spray head 3 is the plasma of high temperature.
The end of anode nozzle 18 is additionally provided with the second cooling medium inlet and the second cooling medium outlet 24；Second cooling Jie
Matter import is used to provide cooling medium to the second cooling medium channel 22；Second cooling medium outlet 24 is for the second cooling to be situated between
Cooling medium discharge in matter channel 22.Be additionally provided with the second waterproof short circuit cylinder inside anode nozzle 18, the second waterproof short circuit cylinder from
The front end of anode nozzle 18 is stretched in the end of cathode jet pipe 19, and does not contact with the front end of anode nozzle 18.
The end in water-coal-slurry channel 14 is also connect with anode nozzle 18 by third flange 21, is equipped between third flange 21
Insulated enclosure gasket.The end of outer ring jet pipe 8 is also connect with middle ring jet pipe 9 by second flange 17.The side wall of middle ring jet pipe 9 is set
There is water-coal-slurry entrance 20, water-coal-slurry entrance 20 is used to water-coal-slurry being passed through water-coal-slurry channel 14.The side wall of outer ring jet pipe 8 is equipped with gas
Agent entrance, gasification agent inlet are used to gasifying agent being passed through the second gasifying agent channel 13.First heat conductive insulating coating and second is led
The thermal coefficient of thermal insulation coating is 8W/ (mK).First heat conductive insulating coating and the second heat conductive insulating coating with a thickness of
2mm。
First spout is cylindrical namely electric arc implantation side wall 35 is the circumferential surface of the cylinder, and electric arc implantation side wall 35 is used for
Electric arc implantation, the height h of electric arc implantation side wall 35 are 75mm；Discharge space is formed between cathode taps 5 and electric arc implantation side wall 35,
Plasma is generated for ionizing gasifying agent.When work, electric arc is formed between cathode taps 5 and anode spray head 3, by gasifying agent
It ionizes and generates plasma.
The lateral wall of cathode taps 5 is parallel with the inner sidewall of anode spray head 3；The lateral wall and middle ring spray head 2 of anode spray head 3
Inner sidewall it is parallel；The lateral wall of middle ring spray head 2 is parallel with the inner sidewall of outer ring spray head 1；The front end face of cathode taps 5 and
The distance between top 36 of one spout is equal to the first gas between the lateral wall of cathode taps 5 and the inner sidewall of anode spray head 3
The width in agent channel 15.
It as shown in figure 3, the outer angle of throat α of cathode taps 5 and the contract angle α of anode spray head 3 are equal, and is 65 °；Anode spray
First 3 outer angle of throat β is equal with the contract angle beta of middle ring spray head 2, and is 55 °；The outer angle of throat δ of middle ring spray head 2 and outer ring spray
First 1 contract angle δ is equal, and is 55 °.
Wherein, the outer angle of throat of cathode taps 5 is the lateral wall of cathode taps 5 and the angle of horizontal plane；The interior receipts of anode spray head 3
Contracting angle is the inner sidewall of anode spray head 3 and the angle of horizontal plane；The outer angle of throat of anode spray head 3 is the lateral wall of anode spray head 3
With the angle of horizontal plane；The contract angle of middle ring spray head 2 is the inner sidewall of middle ring spray head 2 and the angle of horizontal plane；Middle ring spray head 2
Outer angle of throat be middle ring spray head 2 lateral wall and horizontal plane angle；The contract angle of outer ring spray head 1 is outer ring spray head 1
The angle of inner sidewall and horizontal plane.
The distance between front end face 32 and the front end face 33 of middle ring spray head of anode spray head are 30mm, the front end of middle ring spray head
Face 33 and the front end face 34 of outer ring spray head are flush.
Cooling system includes cooling chamber 4 and cooling coil 6, and the coaxial arrangement of cooling chamber 4 is cooling in the outside of outer ring spray head 1
Room 4 is equipped with third cooling medium entrance 11 and third cooling medium outlet 12, and third cooling medium entrance 11 and third are cooling
Media outlet 12 is fixed on the side wall of outer ring jet pipe 8 through first flange 10；Third cooling medium outlet 12 and 6 phase of cooling coil
Connection, 6 coiled coil of cooling coil is on the outer wall of outer ring spray pipe 8.
(2) gasification furnace
Above-mentioned plasma nozzle is fixed on vertical airflow bed gasification furnace by first flange 10.
(3) gasification process of water-coal-slurry
Coal water slurry gasification is carried out using said flow bed gasification furnace, the specific steps are as follows:
Using the water-coal-slurry that solid content is 61% (wt%) as fuel, using 99.8% oxygen as gasifying agent.Part of oxygen
Enter the first gasifying agent channel 15 by four tangential swirl air inlets 31 of cyclone 26, forms eddy flow around cathode, reach the
When one gasifying agent channel 15 exports, the electric arc ionization formed between cathode taps 5 and anode spray head 3 is oxygen gas plasma, oxygen
The temperature of gas plasma is up to 5000 DEG C or more, and muzzle velocity also improves rapidly.Water-coal-slurry is entered by water-coal-slurry entrance 20 sprays
Mouth, shears atomization by the oxygen plasma jet stream of high temperature and high speed at middle ring spray head 2, and the moisture in water-coal-slurry is decomposed into rapidly hydrogen
Gas, oxygen, hydrogen atom, oxygen atom and hydrogen-oxygen atomic group isoreactivity substance, coal and high-temperature oxygen plasma in water-coal-slurry and
These active materials enter in gasification furnace after being sufficiently mixed, and directly light in nozzle exit, form stable gasification flame
Concurrent first portion burning and gasification reaction.Another part oxygen enters the second gasifying agent channel 13 by outer ring gasification agent inlet 16,
So that atomizing effect is more preferably, gasify more abundant.It drives at this point, gasification furnace is done directly igniting in low-temperature condition.Work as plasma
Nozzle continuous service for a period of time after, fire box temperature rises to about 1450 DEG C, and gasification operation pressure is 4.0MPa.
Wherein: flow proportional of the control oxygen in the first gasifying agent channel 15 and the second gasifying agent channel 13 are as follows: 70% He
30%；The oxygen gas flow rate in the first gasifying agent channel 15 and the second gasifying agent channel 13 is 30m/s, and the exit velocity of water-coal-slurry is
0.5m/s, the exit velocity of oxygen gas plasma are about 340m/s.
The cooling system of the plasma nozzle, it is cooling through third as cooling medium using 250 DEG C of saturated vapors
Medium inlet 11 enters cooling chamber 4, enters back into cooling coil 6, flow 3.5kg/s, cooling water outlet temperature is about 252.5
℃。
Effect data: the plasma nozzle, structure is simple, production and easy to maintain, applied widely, service life
Long, atomization is excellent, promotion and application value with higher, and can be improved efficiency of carbon con version.
The arrangement of nozzle can be adjusted flexibly in gasification furnace equipped with the plasma nozzle, so conveniently with furnace
Body matches to form suitable flow field.
Using the plasma nozzle, water-coal-slurry can be under lower fire box temperature by the direct point of high-temperature oxygen plasma
Combustion, the igniting for completing gasification furnace are driven, and gasification furnace furnace drying time and energy consumption are saved.
Using the gasification process of the plasma nozzle, oxygen can be ionized and be up to 5000 DEG C or more of plasma for temperature
Body, effectively gas (CO+H in the synthesis gas of gasification furnace output2) ingredient is about 89%, efficiency of carbon con version reaches 99% or more, compared to general
Logical coal-water-slurry gasification nozzle significantly improves.
The effect of the prior art:
1, using Chinese patent literature CN1478869A, CN104869741A, CN103200757A, CN202281222U,
Nozzle disclosed in CN103589459A and CN102534458A can not all put combusting coal water slurry；
2, plasma coal gasifying method and apparatus disclosed in Chinese patent literature CN1478869A, finally obtained synthesis
Effective gas (CO+H in gas2) lower than 45%, (different embodiment contents slightly have difference to ingredient, but are below 45%).
The technical effect of the comparison present invention and the prior art is it is found that nozzle of the invention enables in final synthesis gas
Effective gas (CO+H2) ingredient is about 89%, significantly larger than Chinese patent literature CN1478869A, therefore transformation efficiency of the invention is more
It is high.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that this is only
For example, protection scope of the present invention is to be defined by the appended claims.Those skilled in the art without departing substantially from
Under the premise of the principle and substance of the present invention, many changes and modifications may be made, but these change and
Modification each falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of plasma nozzle for coal water slurry gasification, which is characterized in that it includes nozzle body；The nozzle body
Including cathode jet pipe, anode nozzle, middle ring jet pipe and outer ring jet pipe；The cathode jet pipe, the anode nozzle, the middle ring spray
The axis of pipe and the outer ring jet pipe is on same straight line；
The cathode jet pipe has the first front end and first end, and first front end is cathode taps, and the cathode taps have edge
The first end frustum cone structure tapered to first front end orient diameter；It is cold that the inside of the cathode jet pipe is equipped with first
But medium channel, and the inner wall of first cooling medium channel is equipped with the first heat conductive insulating coating；
The anode nozzle is set in outside the cathode jet pipe, forms the first gas between the anode nozzle and the cathode jet pipe
The end in agent channel, first gasifying agent channel sealing is realized by the first insulated connecting piece；Before the anode nozzle
End is anode spray head, and the anode spray head is tapered to first front end orient diameter along the first end；The anode spray
The front end face of head opens up the first spout, and first spout is connected with first gasifying agent channel, for spraying gasifying agent
Enter in furnace；The outside wall surface of the anode nozzle is equipped with the insulating sleeve being bonded therewith；The inside of the anode nozzle is equipped with second
Cooling medium channel, and the inner wall of second cooling medium channel is equipped with the second heat conductive insulating coating；
The middle ring jet pipe is set in outside the anode nozzle, forms water-coal-slurry between the middle ring jet pipe and the anode nozzle
Channel；The front end of the middle ring jet pipe is middle ring spray head, and the middle ring spray head is along the first end to the first front end side
To tapered diameter；The front end face of the middle ring spray head opens up the second spout, and second spout is connected with the water-coal-slurry channel
It is logical, for water-coal-slurry to be sprayed in furnace；
The outer ring jet pipe is set in outside the middle ring jet pipe, forms the second gas between the outer ring jet pipe and the middle ring jet pipe
Agent channel；The front end of the outer ring jet pipe is outer ring spray head, and the outer ring spray head is before the first end to described first
Extreme direction tapered diameter；The front end face of the outer ring spray head opens up third spout, the third spout and second gasifying agent
Channel is connected, for spraying into gasifying agent in furnace；
First spout has electric arc implantation side wall, and the height of the electric arc implantation side wall is 50-100mm；The anode spray
The distance between front end face and the front end face of the middle ring spray head of head are 10-40mm.
2. plasma nozzle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the material of the cathode jet pipe is zirconium or copper；
And/or the material of the anode spray head, the middle ring spray head and the outer ring spray head is UMCo-50 alloy material.
3. plasma nozzle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the plasma nozzle be additionally provided with cyclone and
Second insulated connecting piece, gasifying agent for being tangentially passed through in first gasifying agent channel by the cyclone, and described second
Insulated connecting piece is for realizing the insulation between institute's cyclone and the anode nozzle；Preferably, the number of the cyclone is 4
It is a, and it is laid in the end side wall in first gasifying agent channel；More preferably, the internal diameter of the cyclone and first gas
The outer diameter in agent channel is equal.
4. plasma nozzle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the end in the water-coal-slurry channel and the anode
Jet pipe passes through flanged joint, is equipped with insulated enclosure gasket between the flange.
5. plasma nozzle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the first heat conductive insulating coating and described second
The thermal coefficient of heat conductive insulating coating is 8W/ (mK) or more；
And/or the first heat conductive insulating coating and the second heat conductive insulating coating with a thickness of 1-10mm；
And/or the material of the insulating sleeve is ceramics.
6. plasma nozzle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that first spout is cylindrical；
Preferably, the lateral wall of the cathode taps is parallel with the inner sidewall of the anode spray head；The outside of the anode spray head
Wall is parallel with the inner sidewall of the middle ring spray head；The lateral wall of the middle ring spray head is equal with the inner sidewall of the outer ring spray head
Row；The distance between top of the front end face of the cathode taps and first spout be equal to lateral wall in the cathode taps with
The width in first gasifying agent channel between the inner sidewall of the anode spray head；
More preferably, the contract angle of the outer angle of throat of the cathode taps and the anode spray head is equal, and is 50-80 °；The sun
The outer angle of throat of pole spray head is equal with the contract angle of the middle ring spray head, and is 45-80 °；The outer contraction of the middle ring spray head
Angle is equal with the contract angle of the outer ring spray head, and is 45-80 °.
7. plasma nozzle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that the front end face of the middle ring spray head with
The front end face of the outer ring spray head is flush.
8. plasma nozzle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the plasma nozzle further includes cooling system
System, the cooling system for reducing the outer ring spray head temperature；The cooling system includes cooling chamber and cooling coil, institute
The outside that cooling chamber is set to the outer ring spray head is stated, the cooling chamber is equipped with third cooling medium entrance and third cooling medium
Outlet, the third cooling medium outlet are connected with cooling coil, and the cooling coil coiled coil is in the outer ring spray
On the outer wall of pipe；Preferably, the cooling chamber coaxial arrangement is in the outside of the outer ring spray head.
9. a kind of gasification furnace, which is characterized in that the gasification furnace includes such as the described in any item plasma sprays of claim 1-8
Mouth；Preferably, the gasification furnace is airflow bed gasification furnace；More preferably, the gasification furnace is vertical airflow bed gasification furnace.
10. a kind of gasification process of water-coal-slurry, which is characterized in that the gasification process, which uses, to be equipped with as claim 1-8 is any
The gasification furnace of plasma nozzle described in, the gasification process include the following steps:
(1) gasifying agent flowed out from first gasifying agent channel is by the electric arc electricity between the cathode taps and the anode head
From obtaining gasifying agent plasma；
(2) water-coal-slurry that the gasifying agent plasma and the gasifying agent of third spout outflow flow out second spout
Shearing atomization, then occurs gasification reaction in the gasification furnace；
Wherein, preferably, the gasifying agent that uses of the gasification process is pure oxygen；More preferably, into first gasifying agent channel
Gasifying agent flow account for " enter first gasifying agent channel gasifying agent flow and enter second gasifying agent channel
In gasifying agent flow summation " 50%-80%；
Wherein, preferably, the solid content of the water-coal-slurry is 50wt%-70wt%；
Wherein, preferably, the flow velocity of gasifying agent is 0- in first gasifying agent channel and second gasifying agent channel
50m/s, and be not 0；The flow velocity of the water-coal-slurry channel exit water-coal-slurry is 0.1-1.0m/s；The spout of the anode spray head
The exit velocity for locating oxygen gas plasma is 100-340m/s；
Wherein, preferably, the gasification operation pressure of the gasification process is 0.1-10.0MPa.
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| CN201711251412.2A CN109868160B (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | Plasma nozzle for gasifying coal water slurry, gasifier and gasification method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711251412.2A CN109868160B (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | Plasma nozzle for gasifying coal water slurry, gasifier and gasification method |
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| CN109868160B CN109868160B (en) | 2024-01-26 |
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| CN113512447A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-10-19 | 北京航化节能环保技术有限公司 | Full-premixing nozzle device, gasification furnace, gasification method and nozzle processing method |
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| CN109868160B (en) | 2024-01-26 |
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