CN100585279C - Coal powder ignition device and method - Google Patents
Coal powder ignition device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100585279C CN100585279C CN200610040409A CN200610040409A CN100585279C CN 100585279 C CN100585279 C CN 100585279C CN 200610040409 A CN200610040409 A CN 200610040409A CN 200610040409 A CN200610040409 A CN 200610040409A CN 100585279 C CN100585279 C CN 100585279C
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Abstract
The invention relates to the device used electric arc to ignite coal dust and its igniting method. It includes coal dust transport pipeline, anode and its cooling system, short circuit arcing mechanism, cathode, and electric arc plasma generator. The cathode is set on the axes of the coal dust transport pipeline. And the distance between the cathode front end and anode back is smaller than 500mm. The speed of the coal dust and air mixture is 10-100m per second. And its excess air ratio is from 0.1 to 1.2. It has the advantages of low energy consumption, high reliability and stability, and high igniting efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize the device and the relevant ignition method of electric arc firing coal-dust.
Background technology
The aerial burning of coal dust needs the certain high temperature environment.Large scale industry boiler and Industrial Stoves all are after Industrial Boiler is preheating to uniform temperature, just can spray into coal dust, smooth combustion.Early stage large scale industry pulverized coal boiler ignition adopts Muffle furnace torch technology more, because complicated operation, maintenance workload is big, start-up time is long, thereby is progressively replaced by oil fired torch.Because the igniting of large scale industry pulverized-coal fired boiler and steady combustion need to consume a large amount of fuel oils, under petroleum resources anxiety and the continuous soaring situation of oil price, study new coal powder point combustion technology and coal dust torch and replace oil fired torch or other gaseous fuel torches, good economic benefits is arranged for the fuel oil and the combustion gas of saving high price.
Hot plasma has concentration of energy, high temperature, high chemically active characteristics.Utilize hot plasma firing coal-dust fast, energy consumes low, and this respect has a lot of disclosure of the Invention.In the hot plasma generating technique,, thereby become a maximum technology of development and use because the arc-plasma power supply is simple, electric energy conversion efficiency is high.
In the existing device about arc heat plasma ignition coal dust, great majority are to utilize wake flame heating of arc plasma torch ejection plasma jet and firing coal-dust air stream.The U.S. Pat P4089628 of P.R.Blackburn has announced that a kind of high speed oxygen voltinism gas jet with the ejection of tubular type electro-arc heater sprays into the method that pulverized coal flow comes firing coal-dust; The invention that people's such as Campbell Bu Laien ZL88106045.3 announces is pipe special to be set coal dust is transported to plasma torch spout outer air or nitrogen gas plasma jet area, fugitive constituent is sloughed in elder generation's pyrolysis, lighted then, the angle that its coal dust is injected direction and plasma jet direction is acute angle; The invention of people's such as people's such as Wang Manjia ZL03153120.2 and Huang Jixiang ZL200320101460.0 is steam to be decomposed and the hydrogen-oxygen plasma jet of ionization sprays into the purpose that pulverized coal flow reaches firing coal-dust; People's such as Zhang Xinlu ZLCN98233073.1 is mixing ignition coal dust in the volute type precombustion chamber with plasma jet and coal dust, and coal dust tangentially enters the spiral case precombustion chamber, and is tangent with plasma jet; People such as the Wang AiSheng invention that ZL98202919.5, ZLCN00231570.X, ZL02203117.0 announce axially adds plasma jet with coal air mixture, and has increased stable guiding jet pipe at the plasma torch spray nozzle front end.The common feature of disclosed coal powder point firearm is in the above-mentioned relevant patent: all utilize the plasma jet or the high-temperature gas of arc plasma torch ejection to come firing coal-dust.Studies show that, in the arc channel in the plasma torch body, its every plasma parameter, for example temperature, active particle density etc. are more much higher than plasma jet wake flame.That is to say that the temperature of plasma jet wake flame, active particle density have descended a lot, then must make the ability drop of its firing coal-dust, have not only reduced the reliability of coal dust firing, have also strengthened ignition energy consumption.
In people's such as Smirlock Martin E. people's such as USP4228747, Smith Doland A. USP4221174 and the disclosed coal powder point firearm of USP4241673, adopt the method for spark discharge to come firing coal-dust, the electric arc of its discharge can be to the coal dust area extension, ignition effectiveness is improved, but owing to all be to adopt the pulsed discharge mode, influenced coal dust and lighted reliability and stability with coal dust firing.
Consider the plasma-arc discharge process more complicated in the arc channel in the plasma torch body, therefore poor stability finds the report of in the direct arc channel in the plasma torch body coal dust being lighted and being burnt so far as yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to,, provide device and the ignition method in a kind of arc channel in the arc plasma generator body coal dust being lighted and burnt at deficiency of the prior art.
Purpose of the present invention is realized by following mode.
Coal powder point burning device of the present invention, comprise the arc plasma generator device that constitutes by negative electrode, anode and cooling system thereof, short circuit starting the arc mechanism and power supply in the prior art, it is characterized in that: described negative electrode, anode are arranged in the coal dust conveying pipe, wherein, described negative electrode and coal dust conveying pipe coaxial line, cathode is pointed to coal dust and is transported direction; Described anode is and the metallic conduit of coal dust conveying pipe coaxial line, and it is installed on the coal dust conveying pipe in cathode the place ahead, and connects into integral body with the coal dust conveying pipe, and its axial length is preferably between the 20-400mm; Cathode to the distance of anode rear end less than 500mm; Described coal dust conveying pipe is 30-100mm at the internal diameter and the anode internal diameter of electric arc segment occurred; The flowing velocity that described coal dust and air mixture enter the plasma-arc segment occurred is a per second 10-100 rice, and the excess air factor in described coal dust and the air mixture is 0.1-1.2.
Because arc voltage increases approximately linear with arc length and increases, the length of control electric arc can be controlled the voltage of electric arc in certain scope fluctuation.Length and the not outer spray of restriction electric arc for control electric arc, pulverized coal channel section in anode front end and anode rear end adopts the insulation tube liner, shaft orientation moving range with restriction electric arc anode arc root, to the distance of cathode, the coal dust of anode front end transports pipe insulation pipe lengths of liner less than 300mm to the length of insulation tube liner that anode rear end coal dust transports pipe greater than the anode rear end.Described insulation tube adopts the refractory material of non-conductive character to make; Described anode is made of high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant, wear-resisting metal or metal alloy, for example: metal alloys such as tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, iron, copper.
In order to shorten the residence time of arc root certain point on anode, can be at the peripheral solenoid coil that is connected in the anode loop or the magnet (with the cooling body coexistence) of annular permanent-magnet material of being provided with of anode, anode and electric arc wherein are in the magnetic field, rotate at a high speed to drive electric arc, shorten the arc root at any residence time of anode, reduce anode ablation speed, improve anode life.In this case, described anode material should be made by the metal or metal alloy of non-magnetic matter; When adopting the magnet of annular permanent-magnet material, the outside water cold sleeve of permanent-magnet material is made by non-magnet material, and when adopting the magnet of solenoid, outside water cold sleeve is preferably made by permeability magnetic material.
Strengthen burning away of zone for strengthening coal air mixture at coal dust firing, can be in anode the place ahead, or the insulation tube exit is provided with secondary blast mechanism before the anode, make the secondary wind axis to or tangentially send into described coal dust and strengthen the combustion zone; Described secondary wind is air, or coal dust and AIR MIXTURES, and this mixture and the mixed excess air factor of wind are 0.2-1.2.
Coal powder point burning device of the present invention, wherein solenoid coil can be connected in the arc discharge loop, also can be by independent power supply power supply.
In the coal powder point burning device of the present invention, described short circuit starting the arc mechanism is to use electric conductor to connect negative electrode and anode, make its instantaneous short circuit, make the two separation then, its electric conductor is made by resistant to elevated temperatures conductive materials such as tungsten, molybdenum, zirconium, hafnium, rhenium, yttrium, nickel, titanium or graphite; Perhaps use general low-melting-point metal electric conductor, fusing separates after the instantaneous short circuit.
The ignition method that utilizes above-mentioned coal powder point burning device of the present invention, its step are that (1) starts the negative electrode of arc plasma generator device and the cooling water system of anode; Adopt independent power supply to power the actuating coil power supply for solenoid coil; (2) wind pushing mechanism of startup coal dust transport system; (3) start arc plasma generation power supply, and make negative electrode, the anode in short circuit starting the arc; (4) start the coal dust transport system, excess air factor in control coal dust and the AIR MIXTURES is less than 1.2, coal dust is entered after the hot plasma heating in flow process strengthens the combustion zone, temperature by plasma power and excess air factor control pulverized coal flame is higher than the coal powder point burning-point, is lower than the coal dust ash fusion point, make it going out interruption-forming coal dust torch, finish ignition procedures; Perhaps (5) start secondary blast mechanism, make the secondary wind axis to or tangentially send into coal dust and strengthen the combustion zone, and go out interruption-forming coal dust torch at it, finish ignition procedures.
In the ignition method of the present invention, described coal dust can be replaced by other solid, powdery fuel, and described air also can be replaced by other oxidizing gas.
The present invention directly produces the plasma electric arc discharge in coal air mixture, plasma temperature in the discharge channel without any decay just directly in order to the heating coal air mixture, improved the utilization ratio of arc-plasma energy, thus reduced ignition energy consumption, reduced igniting arc discharge power, and can reduce the volume of coal dust torch.On the other hand, because the unstability of arc-plasma, plasma be drift fast at random in ignition channel, makes plasma be full of whole ignition pot passage, simultaneously coal air mixture is produced disturbance tempestuously, thereby the air coal dust intermixture of ignition channel is evenly lighted.With compare with arc plasma jet wake flame firing coal-dust air mixture, ignition method reliability height of the present invention, good stability has shortened the duration of ignition, thereby ignition effectiveness is improved greatly.
Be described further below by embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of coal powder point burning device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the another kind of embodiment of coal powder point burning device of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1.The 1st, the coal dust conveying pipe, arrow is wherein represented the coal air mixture flow direction.The 2nd, the negative electrode of plasma-arc generating means, round bar shape is connected with power cathode by the water-cooled metal pipeline, and it supports the center that places the coal dust conveying pipe by insulation, the two coaxial line, cathode is pointed to the coal dust flow direction.The 3rd, the anode of plasma-arc generating means, it is the metallic conduit that is made of conductor material, connects into integral body by conventional mechanical connected mode and coal dust conveying pipe.Be provided with the water-cooled interlayer at the middle part of anode pipe, solenoid solenoid 5 and anode cooling body are installed in this water-cooled interlayer.Described cooling body is the water cold sleeve that is made of interior pipe and outer tube in the prior art, in order to improve cooling velocity, with the cylindrical processing helicla flute of pipe in described, and cooling water is flow through from groove, thereby improves film-cooled heat and improve the cooling water flow velocity.The interior Guan Youfei magnetic conductive metal material or the graphite of this water cold sleeve are made, and outer tube is made by permeability magnetic material.Described toroidal winding one end and anode electrical communication, the other end is drawn with positive source and is communicated with.At cathode liner insulation tube 4 to the coal dust conveying pipe between the anode rear end.6 are provided in a side of the insulation tube liner of anode front end coal dust conveying pipe, with the not outer spray of control electric arc, avoid electric arc to burn out outside other member.The 7th, electric conductor when starting operation, is inserted thus in the electric arc hole of igniting, and connects negative electrode and anode, makes its instantaneous short circuit, and then makes the two separation.This electric conductor is circular graphite rod or tungsten bar.Black curve among the figure in the coal dust conveying pipe is the electric arc arc column of signal.
Have additional secondary blast mechanism in the present embodiment, 8 are provided in a side of the secondary blast pipeline of coal dust conveying pipe periphery, there is the circular arc projection in its insulation tube exit before anode the place ahead or anode, its purpose is to make that secondary wind is smooth and easy is cut in the coal dust firing district, and smooth and easy formation coal dust torch, finish ignition procedures.
In the present embodiment, the internal diameter of coal dust conveying pipe is 40mm (internal diameter that is insulation tube 4 is 40mm) at the electric arc segment occurred, the anode internal diameter is 38mm, the transport velocity that coal dust and air mixture enter the plasma-arc segment occurred is 30 meters of per seconds, cathode to the length of the insulation tube 4 between the anode rear end is 300mm, the length of insulation tube 6 is 100mm, and cathode to the distance of anode rear end is 200mm.The arc current of used plasma-arc generating means is 250A, and average arc voltage is 400V.
Referring to Fig. 2, coal dust conveying pipe in the present embodiment and plasma-arc generating means are all identical with embodiment 1, different is, the refinement more of secondary blast mechanism, the air-supply of employing two-stage, promptly set up secondary secondary blast pipeline 9 again, between one-level secondary air channel road and secondary secondary air channel road, be provided with deflector 10, in order to regulate the distribution between one-level secondary wind and the secondary secondary wind and the distribution of coal powder density in the periphery of the secondary blast pipeline 8 of embodiment 1.In the present embodiment device, described short circuit starting the arc mechanism is to use electric conductor to connect negative electrode and anode makes its instantaneous short circuit.Rotate negative electrode when promptly starting earlier it is contacted with electric conductor 11, because therefore this electric conductor 11 and anode electrical communication cause instantaneous short circuit and striking; After electric arc starts, rotate negative electrode again and separate with electric conductor 11.In addition, present embodiment adopts annular permanent magnet 12 to replace solenoid magnet field coil 5, and at this moment the outer effective non-magnet material of water cold sleeve is made.
Claims (8)
1. coal powder point burning device, comprise the arc plasma generator device that constitutes by negative electrode, anode and cooling system thereof, short circuit starting the arc mechanism and power supply in the prior art, it is characterized in that: described negative electrode, anode are arranged in the coal dust conveying pipe, wherein, described negative electrode and the coal dust conveying pipe coaxial line that is used to transport coal dust and air mixture, cathode is pointed to coal dust and is transported direction; Described anode is and the metallic conduit of coal dust conveying pipe coaxial line that it is installed on the coal dust conveying pipe in cathode the place ahead, and connects into integral body with the coal dust conveying pipe; Cathode to the distance of anode rear end less than 500mm; Described coal dust conveying pipe is 30-100mm at the internal diameter and the anode internal diameter of electric arc segment occurred; The flowing velocity that described coal dust and air mixture enter the plasma-arc segment occurred is a per second 10-100 rice, and the excess air factor in described coal dust and the air mixture is 0.1-1.2.
2. coal powder point burning device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the axial length of described anode is controlled in the 20-400mm scope.
3. coal powder point burning device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, coal dust conveying pipe section in anode front end and anode rear end adopts the insulation tube liner, the length of anode rear end coal dust conveying pipe isolated pipe liner is greater than the distance of anode rear end to cathode, and the coal dust of anode front end transports pipe insulation pipe lengths of liner less than 300mm.
4. coal powder point burning device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, describedly is equipped with the solenoid coil that is connected in the arc discharge loop or the magnet of annular permanent-magnet material in the anode outer periphery.
5. coal powder point burning device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described before anode the place ahead or anode the insulation tube exit be provided with secondary blast mechanism, the secondary wind axis to or tangentially send into coal dust and strengthen the combustion zone.
6. coal powder point burning device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described short circuit starting the arc mechanism is to use electric conductor to connect negative electrode and anode, makes its instantaneous short circuit, makes the two separation then.
7. utilize the ignition method of the described coal powder point burning device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the steps include: that (1) starts the negative electrode of arc plasma generator device and the cooling water system of anode; Adopt independent power supply to power the actuating coil power supply for solenoid coil; (2) wind pushing mechanism of startup coal dust transport system; (3) start the plasma-arc generating means, and make negative electrode, the anode in short circuit starting the arc; (4) start the coal dust transport system, excess air factor in control coal dust and the AIR MIXTURES is 0.1-1.2, coal dust is entered after the hot plasma heating in flow process strengthens the combustion zone, temperature by plasma power and excess air factor control pulverized coal flame is higher than the coal powder point burning-point, is lower than the coal dust ash fusion point, make it going out interruption-forming coal dust torch, finish ignition procedures.
8. the ignition method of coal powder point burning device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, for being provided with secondary blast mechanism, increase step (5): start secondary blast mechanism, make the secondary wind axis to or tangentially send into coal dust and strengthen the combustion zone, and go out interruption-forming coal dust torch at it, finish ignition procedures, secondary wind wherein is air, or coal dust and AIR MIXTURES, and this mixture and the mixed excess air factor of wind are 0.2-1.2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200610040409A CN100585279C (en) | 2006-05-10 | 2006-05-10 | Coal powder ignition device and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200610040409A CN100585279C (en) | 2006-05-10 | 2006-05-10 | Coal powder ignition device and method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1851324A CN1851324A (en) | 2006-10-25 |
| CN100585279C true CN100585279C (en) | 2010-01-27 |
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| CN200610040409A Expired - Fee Related CN100585279C (en) | 2006-05-10 | 2006-05-10 | Coal powder ignition device and method |
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| CN101296552B (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2011-04-20 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | Arc conveying device of plasma generator |
| CN101784154B (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2012-10-03 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | Arc plasma generator and anode thereof |
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| CN104451762B (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | A kind of electric arc pyrolysis coal dust acetylene unit |
| CN108966473A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-07 | 西安太乙鼎生航天环保科技有限公司 | A kind of miniaturization magnetic device for direct-current arc constraint control |
| CN109640503A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-16 | 西安航天动力研究所 | A kind of DC arc plasma jet of efficient and long life broad power band |
| CN110793060B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-03-12 | 燕山大学 | Controllable plasma igniter in atmospheric pressure environment |
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| CN1031275A (en) * | 1987-08-13 | 1989-02-22 | 悉尼大学 | Pulverised fuel burner |
| CN1230659A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-06 | 烟台开发区龙源电力燃烧控制工程有限公司 | Plasma ignitor for direct ignition of power station duff boiler |
| CN1294278A (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-09 | 烟台开发区龙源电力燃烧控制工程有限公司 | Plasma igniter for direet ignition of coal powder furnace |
| CN2624059Y (en) * | 2003-06-02 | 2004-07-07 | 郭永浩 | Pulverized coal direct-fire combustor |
| WO2005103568A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-11-03 | Anatoly Timofeevich Neklesa | Device for plasma igniting and stabilising a coal-dust flame |
-
2006
- 2006-05-10 CN CN200610040409A patent/CN100585279C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1031275A (en) * | 1987-08-13 | 1989-02-22 | 悉尼大学 | Pulverised fuel burner |
| CN1230659A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-06 | 烟台开发区龙源电力燃烧控制工程有限公司 | Plasma ignitor for direct ignition of power station duff boiler |
| CN1294278A (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-09 | 烟台开发区龙源电力燃烧控制工程有限公司 | Plasma igniter for direet ignition of coal powder furnace |
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| WO2005103568A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-11-03 | Anatoly Timofeevich Neklesa | Device for plasma igniting and stabilising a coal-dust flame |
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| CN1851324A (en) | 2006-10-25 |
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