CN201396787Y - Double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition and combustion stabilization device - Google Patents
Double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition and combustion stabilization device Download PDFInfo
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- CN201396787Y CN201396787Y CN200920107268XU CN200920107268U CN201396787Y CN 201396787 Y CN201396787 Y CN 201396787Y CN 200920107268X U CN200920107268X U CN 200920107268XU CN 200920107268 U CN200920107268 U CN 200920107268U CN 201396787 Y CN201396787 Y CN 201396787Y
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Abstract
A double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition and combustion stabilization device comprises an impact-type pulverized coal concentration and staged-combustion pulverized coal combustor and adouble helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil gun. The pulverized coal concentration adopts the combined mode of impact-type concentration blocks and concentration rings; a combustion chamber is formed by the combination of an inner layer combustion chamber and an outer layer combustion chamber; the concentration blocks are annular bosses with triangular cross sections; the concentration rings adopt conical circular structures; the inner layer combustion chamber and the outer layer combustion chamber adotp concentric axial symmetric structures with different inner diameters; the double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil gun and the pulverized coal combustor adopt coaxial assembly structure; the four inner nebulization gas channels of a fuel oil nozzle of the tiny-oil gun are in spiral;the four outer nebulization gas channels of a medium nozzle are also in spiral; and the rotation directions of the inner nebulization gas channels and the outer nebulization gas channels are the same.The device provided by the utility model is mainly applied in the starting ignition and low load combustion stabilization stages of a pulverized coal-fired boiler, replaces the currently used large-oil gun ignition and combustion stabilization modes, replaces oil with coal and achieves the purpose of saving cost.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition and smooth combustion apparatus, be mainly used in cold conditions or the hot starting, hot start igniting and low-load combustion-stabilizing stage of pulverized-coal fired boiler, also can be applied in cement, pottery, metallurgy etc. with the industry of coal dust simultaneously as main energy sources.This new device has very strong adaptability for coal dust, can light the coal dust of various coals such as brown coal, bituminous coal, meager coal, anthracite, mixed coal, belongs to the thermal power technical field.
Background technology
Along with constantly riseing of international and domestic fuel price, the continuous enlarging of electric power, heating unit, make the cold conditions of various pulverized-coal fired boilers or the hot starting, hot start igniting of industries such as electric power, petrochemical industry heighten with oil mass with low-load combustion-stabilizing, expense also straight line rises, along with the increasing of various industries such as communications and transportation, chemical industry with oil mass, it is high to make fuel price constantly give birth to again simultaneously.In order to address this problem, each state tries hard in the ignition of the boiler and the steady combustion stage of industries such as electric power, petrochemical industry all at the no oil of research or tiny-oil ignition and stable combustion technology, and the fire coal lower with price replaces fuel oil, reaches replace oil with coal, the purpose of energy-conservation energy expenditure.
As far back as the seventies, U.S. G-E company, B-W company, Westinghouse Electric, the former Soviet Union, the Tsing-Hua University of companies such as Australia and China, Harbin Boiler Plant, units such as Wuhan Boiler Works have carried out the plasma non-oil ignition Study on Technology, particularly from the beginning of this century, Longyuan Electric Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai, Luoyang Blaze Engineering Technical Co., Ltd. is by means of the high price operation of fuel price in recent years, make plasma non-oil ignition obtain certain popularization, but along with the decline of electric power unit coal-burning quality in recent years, make plasma non-oil ignition some problems in application process, occur, mainly be for meager coal and the lower coal of these volatile contents of anthracite, in igniting and steady combustion process, problem unsuccessful and combustion instability occurs lighting a fire, in view of the situation, in recent years, domesticly begin to have carried out the tiny-oil ignition Study on Technology again, the thermal power that replaces plasma gun with the thermal power of little oil gun burning generation, improve from the thermal power that increases substantially the igniting thermal source, make the pulverized coal ignition scope to cover and comprise brown coal, bituminous coal, meager coal, anthracite, the coal dust of various coals such as mixed coal, but these equipment Pulverized Coal Concentration and grading effect are undesirable, little oil gun incomplete combustion, fundamentally solve the problem unsuccessful and combustion instability of lighting a fire, the utility model will adopt multistage coal burner and the double helix pneumatic nebulization that concentrates with fractional combustion, burning fully, efficient little oil gun high and long service life combines, and fundamentally solves the problem unsuccessful and combustion instability of lighting a fire.
The utility model content
Technology of the present utility model is dealt with problems: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of ignition success rate height, combustion stablized double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition and smooth combustion apparatus are provided.
Technical solution of the present utility model: double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition and smooth combustion apparatus, comprise collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner and the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization, the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization is fixedly mounted on the collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner by preceding supporter and back supporter, guarantees coaxial when the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization is installed with collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner;
4 of the fuel nozzle of the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization interior atomization gas passages form in the shape of a spiral wherein, 4 of nozzle outer atomization gas passages form in the shape of a spiral in little oil gun, interior atomization gas passage is identical with the direction of rotation of outer atomization gas passage.
Described collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner comprises that primary wind and powder import, straight length, Taper Pipe section, outer spout, collision concentrated block, collision concentrate disturbance piece before disturbance piece behind ring, internal layer combustion chamber, outer combustion chamber, internal layer combustion chamber disturbance piece, the outer combustion chamber, the outer combustion chamber, collision concentrates and encircles gripper shoe, internal layer combustion chamber gripper shoe and outer combustion chamber gripper shoe;
The primary wind and powder import, straight length, Taper Pipe section and outer spout are formed the external structure of collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner jointly, the collision concentrated block is fixedly mounted on the straight length inwall, collision concentrates ring and is fixedly mounted on the straight length inwall by colliding concentrated ring gripper shoe, the internal layer combustion chamber is fixedly mounted on the Taper Pipe section inwall by internal layer combustion chamber gripper shoe, outer combustion chamber fixedly mounts outside on the spout inwall by the outer combustion chamber gripper shoe, disturbance piece in internal layer combustion chamber is fixedly mounted on the inwall of internal layer combustion chamber, and the preceding disturbance piece of disturbance piece and outer combustion chamber is fixedly mounted on the inwall of outer combustion chamber behind the outer combustion chamber.
Described collision concentrated block is that the cross section is leg-of-mutton annular boss, collision concentrates ring and is the cone-shaped ring structure, it is consistent with the aisle spare that the collision concentrated block forms that collision concentrates the aisle spare that ring forms, and collision concentrated block and collision be concentrated to be encircled according to the different mining of coal dust composition with different angles.
The utility model compared with prior art beneficial effect is:
(1) the utility model adopts the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization, atomizing type adopts the pneumatic secondary-atomizing of double helix, mist of oil after the atomizing has axial advancement speed and tangential circular velocity simultaneously, can entrainment combustion air, fully mix with combustion air, the equivalent proportion of oil gas reaches completing combustion about 1 kilogram of oil/13 kg of air per kg of water evaporated;
(2) coal burner of the present utility model adopts multistage concentrated mode combination and grading combustion technology, concentrating ring by burner collision concentrated block and burner collision forms, the primary wind and powder mixture is carried out high efficiency concentrating, inspissator and concentrated ring all adopt the structure of taper, burner nozzle adopts two cylindrical structures of concentric structure, guarantees that coal dust lights later heating expanding ability;
(3) little oil gun of the present utility model and coal burner are coaxial, thereby guarantee that little oil gun combustion flame has identical axial direction with the coal dust motion, simultaneously also can entrainment coal dust, little oil gun combustion flame and coal dust can carry out excellent contact, thereby can guarantee successful firing coal-dust and smooth combustion;
(4) the utility model adopts the direct firing coal-dust liberated heat of little oil gun, replaces big oil gun burning liberated heat, replace oil with coal, and rate of economizing gasoline can reach more than 90%;
(5) between the outer spout of burner outer combustion chamber of the present utility model and coal burner certain space is arranged, a part of light wind powder air-flow is flowed out from the space, the outer spout of cooling coal burner;
(6) the utility model can be applied in various generating plant pulverized coal boilers, and cement rotary kiln, furnace etc. be with the industry of coal dust as the energy, and it both can be installed in the position of torch oil gun, replaced the ignition function of oil gun; Also can be directly installed on the main burner position of boiler, replace main pulverized coal burner, realize the cold start igniting and the low-load combustion-stabilizing of boiler.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model overall structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the utility model collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the little oil gun schematic diagram of the utility model double helix pneumatic nebulization;
Fig. 4 is the little oil gun front-end view of the utility model double helix pneumatic nebulization;
Fig. 5 is the little oil gun of a utility model double helix pneumatic nebulization rear end schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged drawing at Fig. 4 A place;
Fig. 7 is the partial enlarged drawing at Fig. 5 B place;
Fig. 8 is the partial enlarged drawing at Fig. 5 C place;
Fig. 9 is the forward and backward disturbance piece of a utility model outer combustion chamber distribution map;
Figure 10 is the utility model internal layer combustion chamber disturbance piece distribution map;
Figure 11 is the utility model combustion air spout schematic diagram;
Figure 12 is the utility model fuel nozzle schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is a nozzle schematic diagram in the utility model;
Figure 14 concentrates the ring schematic diagram for the utility model collision;
Figure 15 is the utility model collision concentrated block schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model comprises collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner and the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization, the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization is fixedly mounted on the collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner by preceding supporter 23 and back supporter 28, guarantees coaxial when the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization is installed with collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner.
Collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner comprises that primary wind and powder import 1, straight length 2, Taper Pipe section 3, outer spout 4, collision concentrated block 5, collision concentrate disturbance piece 11 before disturbance piece 10 behind ring 6, internal layer combustion chamber 7, outer combustion chamber 8, internal layer combustion chamber disturbance piece 9, the outer combustion chamber, the outer combustion chamber, collision concentrates ring gripper shoe 12, internal layer combustion chamber gripper shoe 13 and outer combustion chamber gripper shoe 14 as shown in Figure 2.Primary wind and powder import 1, straight length 2, Taper Pipe section 3 and the outer spout 4 common external structures of forming collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner, external structure is circular.
Collision concentrated block 5 is fixedly mounted on straight length 2 inwalls, collision concentrates ring 6 and is fixedly mounted on straight length 2 inwalls by colliding concentrated ring gripper shoe 12, internal layer combustion chamber 7 is fixedly mounted on Taper Pipe section 3 inwalls by internal layer combustion chamber gripper shoe 13, outer combustion chamber 8 fixedly mounts outside on spout 4 inwalls by outer combustion chamber gripper shoe 14, and each parts is all with center line structure axisymmetricly.
Collide concentrated block 5 as shown in figure 15, the cross section is leg-of-mutton boss, can guarantee to collide concentrated effect, does not influence the smooth and easy of coal dust again and passes through.
Collision concentrates ring 6 as shown in figure 14, is the cone-shaped ring structure, and the aisle spare that the concentrated ring 6 of collision forms is consistent with the aisle spare that collision concentrated block 5 forms.
Collision concentrated block 5 and collision concentrate to encircle 6 conical ring angle can be according to the different mining of coal dust composition with different angles, and distance between the two also can be adjusted as required.
The internal diameter of internal layer combustion chamber 7 is consistent with the inner cone internal diameter that collision concentrates ring 6.
Internal layer combustion chamber 7 is concentric shafts symmetrical structures that internal diameter varies in size with outer combustion chamber 8, the rear end face of outer combustion chamber 8 flushes with the front end face of internal layer combustion chamber 7, and the diameter of outer combustion chamber 8 and internal layer combustion chamber 7 and length are according to the different choice different size of coal dust composition.
Between outer combustion chamber 8 and the outer spout 4 certain space is arranged, a part of light wind powder air-flow is flowed out from the space, cool off outer spout 4.Outer combustion chamber 8 adopts the heat-resistance and wear-resistance steel processing and fabricating with outer spout 4, can obtain longer service life.
Internal layer combustion chamber disturbance piece 9 compartment of terrain as shown in figure 10 is uniformly distributed on the inner periphery of internal layer combustion chamber 7, internal layer combustion chamber disturbance piece 9 shared circumferential lengths are half of whole internal layer combustion chamber 7 inner peripherys, number is 4-8 (only explained 4 disturbance piece distribution situations among Figure 10, the disturbance piece of other quantity distributes in like manner as can be known).
The little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization shown in Fig. 3,4,5,6,7,8, comprise manage 25 in high-energy igniter 15, flame detector 16, combustion air import 17, threeway 18, combustion air spout 19, little oil gun outer nozzle 20, the little oil gun in nozzle 21, little oil gun fuel nozzle 22, preceding supporter 23, little oil gun outer tube 24, the little oil gun, little oil gun oil pipe 26, little oil gun rifle body 27, back supporter 28 and adpting flange 29.
The high-energy igniter 15 of the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization, flame detector 16 are parallel with little oil gun rifle body 27 center lines.
Operation principle of the present utility model: coal burner primary wind and powder import 1 is connected with the primary wind and powder pipeline at boiler scene, outer spout 4 front ends of burner are connected with boiler water wall, check water,, gas, signal wire interface, after system's installation, at first debug little oil gun, connect high-energy igniter 15 switching signals, after 2 seconds kinds, open the atomization gas magnetic valve earlier, then open fuel solenoid valve, detecting little oil gun by flame detector 16 catches fire in good condition, formation temperature is at 1500 ℃-2000 ℃ thermal-flame, these high temperature gas flows can make particle diameter be subjected to heating generation explosion at the pulverized coal particle of 20-200 μ m, reproduce fugitive constituent, so this high temperature gas flow flame has good effect for firing coal-dust, after little oil gun catches fire and stablizes, open primary wind and powder mixture valve, wind powder mixture repeatedly concentrates through coal burner, form the thick coal culm stream and outer field thin powdered coal stream of internal layer, the thick coal culm of internal layer stream has had the parallel motion state with little oil gun combustion flame like this, has certain time of contact, little oil gun combustion flame has tangential circular velocity simultaneously, can entrainment breeze airflow, because the heat effect of little oil gun high temperature gas flow, fugitive constituent in the coal dust is at first lighted, in the process that coal dust advances, forming a fugitive constituent is at first lighted, the process that the combustion of wind powder air-flow limit motion edge point is expanded, after thick coal culm stream is lighted by internal layer combustion chamber 7, contact mixing again with the thin powdered coal stream of outer combustion chamber 8, thick coal culm stream burning liberated heat has been lighted the coal dust of outer thin powdered coal stream like this, then thick coal culm stream and the burning while advancing of thin powdered coal stream, form stable combustion flame, enter in the burner hearth again and burn away.
At present with the industry of coal as combustion medium, because the combustion characteristics of coal self, coal dust can't directly be lighted and catch fire during low temperature, must at first burner hearth be heated to certain temperature, and then input coal dust, in the process of heating, consume a large amount of fuel oils or combustion gas, only the cold start igniting and the low-load combustion-stabilizing of station boiler are just burnt about 1,000 ten thousand tons fuel oil every year in China, at present under the surging situation of liquid fuel within and gaseous fuel price, with 5500.00 yuan of calculating of fuel price per ton, amount to 550.00 hundred million yuan of RMB, add other cement, pottery, industries such as metallurgy, therefore annual cold start igniting and low-load combustion-stabilizing, the expense of institute's consumable liquid fuel is a numeral greatly, and use this technology, with the direct firing coal-dust liberated heat of little oil gun, replace big oil gun burning liberated heat, replace oil with coal, rate of economizing gasoline can reach more than 90%, so use this technology under the situation of present energy resource supply anxiety, will provide powerful support to the fuel oil of country and the security provisions of combustion gas.
The unspecified content of the utility model is a general knowledge as well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1, double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition and smooth combustion apparatus, it is characterized in that: comprise collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner and the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization, the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization is fixedly mounted on the collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner by preceding supporter (23) and back supporter (28), guarantees coaxial when the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization is installed with collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner;
4 of the fuel nozzle of the little oil gun of double helix pneumatic nebulization (22) interior atomization gas passages (221) form in the shape of a spiral wherein, in the also form in the shape of a spiral of 4 outer nebulization channel (211) of nozzle (21), interior nebulization channel (221) is identical with the direction of rotation of outer nebulization channel (211).
2, double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition according to claim 1 and smooth combustion apparatus is characterized in that: described collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner comprises primary wind and powder import (1), straight length (2), Taper Pipe section (3), outer spout (4), collision concentrated block (5), collision concentrates ring (6), internal layer combustion chamber (7), outer combustion chamber (8), internal layer combustion chamber disturbance piece (9), disturbance piece (10) behind the outer combustion chamber, disturbance piece (11) before the outer combustion chamber, collision concentrates ring gripper shoe (12), internal layer combustion chamber gripper shoe (13), outer combustion chamber gripper shoe (14);
Primary wind and powder import (1), straight length (2), Taper Pipe section (3) and outer spout (4) are formed the external structure of collision type Pulverized Coal Concentration fractional combustion coal burner jointly, collision concentrated block (5) is fixedly mounted on straight length (2) inwall, collision concentrates ring (6) and is fixedly mounted on straight length (2) inwall by collision concentrated ring gripper shoe (12), internal layer combustion chamber (7) is fixedly mounted on Taper Pipe section (3) inwall by internal layer combustion chamber gripper shoe (13), outer combustion chamber (8) fixedly mounts outside on spout (4) inwall by outer combustion chamber gripper shoe (14), internal layer combustion chamber disturbance piece (9) is fixedly mounted on the inwall of internal layer combustion chamber (7), and the preceding disturbance piece (11) of disturbance piece (10) and outer combustion chamber is fixedly mounted on the inwall of outer combustion chamber (8) behind the outer combustion chamber.
3, double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition according to claim 2 and smooth combustion apparatus, it is characterized in that: described collision concentrated block (5) is that the cross section is leg-of-mutton annular boss, it is the cone-shaped ring structure that collision concentrates ring (6), it is consistent with the aisle spare that collision concentrated block (5) forms that collision concentrates the aisle spare that ring (6) forms, collision concentrated block (5) and collision be concentrated encircle (6) according to the different mining of coal dust composition with different angles.
4, double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition according to claim 2 and smooth combustion apparatus, it is characterized in that: described internal layer combustion chamber disturbance piece (9) compartment of terrain is uniformly distributed on the inner periphery of internal layer combustion chamber (7), the shared circumferential length of internal layer combustion chamber disturbance piece (9) is half of whole internal layer combustion chamber (7) inner periphery, and number is 4-8.
5, double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition according to claim 2 and smooth combustion apparatus, it is characterized in that: disturbance piece (10) is uniformly distributed on the inner periphery of outer combustion chamber (8) compartment of terrain respectively behind preceding disturbance piece (11) of described outer combustion chamber and the outer combustion chamber, the shared circumferential length of disturbance piece (10) is respectively half of outer combustion chamber (8) circumference behind preceding disturbance piece (11) of outer combustion chamber and the outer combustion chamber, be respectively 4, disturbance piece (10) arrangement of aliging that misplaces behind disturbance piece (11) and the outer combustion chamber before the outer combustion chamber.
6, double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition according to claim 2 and smooth combustion apparatus is characterized in that: the internal diameter of described internal layer combustion chamber (7) is consistent with the inner cone internal diameter that collision concentrates ring (6).
7, double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition according to claim 1 and smooth combustion apparatus, it is characterized in that: the combustion air spout (19) of the little oil gun of described double helix pneumatic nebulization is double-deck sandwich, its front end has 4-8 bar disturbance bar (191), and the width of each disturbance bar (191) is the 10-25 millimeter.
8, double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition according to claim 2 and smooth combustion apparatus, it is characterized in that: the rear end face of described outer combustion chamber (8) flushes with the front end face of internal layer combustion chamber (7), and the diameter of outer combustion chamber (8) and internal layer combustion chamber (7) and length are according to the different choice different size of coal dust composition.
9, double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition according to claim 2 and smooth combustion apparatus is characterized in that: the space that can make a part of light wind powder air-flow flow out, cool off outer spout (4) is arranged between described outer combustion chamber (8) and the outer spout (4).
10, double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition according to claim 1 and smooth combustion apparatus is characterized in that: the high-energy igniter (15) of the little oil gun of described double helix pneumatic nebulization, flame detector (16) are parallel with little oil gun rifle body (27) center line.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200920107268XU CN201396787Y (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2009-04-24 | Double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition and combustion stabilization device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200920107268XU CN201396787Y (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2009-04-24 | Double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition and combustion stabilization device |
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| CN201396787Y true CN201396787Y (en) | 2010-02-03 |
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| CN200920107268XU Expired - Lifetime CN201396787Y (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2009-04-24 | Double helix pneumatic nebulization tiny-oil ignition and combustion stabilization device |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103868068A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-06-18 | 王龙陵 | High temperature oxygen direct ignition and combustion stabilization system |
| CN104864405A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-08-26 | 国家电网公司 | Pulverized coal accumulation prevention fixing shrinkage cavity device with horizontally-arranged primary air pipes for boiler coal pulverizing system |
-
2009
- 2009-04-24 CN CN200920107268XU patent/CN201396787Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103868068A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-06-18 | 王龙陵 | High temperature oxygen direct ignition and combustion stabilization system |
| CN103868068B (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-03-02 | 王龙陵 | A kind of high-temperature oxygen direct-fire and surely fire system |
| CN104864405A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-08-26 | 国家电网公司 | Pulverized coal accumulation prevention fixing shrinkage cavity device with horizontally-arranged primary air pipes for boiler coal pulverizing system |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20100203 Effective date of abandoning: 20090424 |