CN105561903B - A kind of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne - Google Patents
A kind of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne Download PDFInfo
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- CN105561903B CN105561903B CN201610082986.0A CN201610082986A CN105561903B CN 105561903 B CN105561903 B CN 105561903B CN 201610082986 A CN201610082986 A CN 201610082986A CN 105561903 B CN105561903 B CN 105561903B
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne, including reactor, inside reactor has reaction inner cavity, and the first coal nozzle is equipped in one end of the reactor, the other end is equipped with product exit, is set there are one arc electrodes at the center of the first coal nozzle；Close to first coal nozzle one end reactor on be equipped with n branch arc plasma torch, n branch arc plasma torch with react inner cavity unicom, n >=3；N branch arc plasma torch rotating Vortexes are arranged on the same cross section of reaction inner cavity, and the angle between the central axes of every arc plasma torch and the central axes for reacting inner cavity is α, there are a public circle of contacts on the cross section of reaction inner cavity by cross section upslide movie queen of 4 axis in reaction inner cavity in n branch arc plasma torch.The reactor can be such that arc-plasma is quickly uniformly mixed with coal dust, and improve the uniformity of reaction zone temperature, to improve product uniformity and energy efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to acetylene preparing technical field more particularly to a kind of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne.
Background technology
Relative to calcium carbide legal system acetylene, arc-plasma is pyrolyzed coal dust acetylene, due to economizing on resources, reducing pollution row
It puts, low power consumption and other advantages, it is considered to be the revolution to calcium carbide method acetylene production.
Reactor assembly for industrial electric arc heated coal dust acetylene must simultaneously meet：(1) when stable, long
Between, sufficiently high arc power；(2) sufficiently high efficiency；(3) reactor and electrode coking are avoided.These requirements
It is numerous to be related to factor, it is interrelated, it is difficult to take into account.Such as：The arc-plasma of high temperature is fast to the heating speed of coal dust, reaches
The chemical balance time is short, and reaction speed is fast, in 1800~3500K temperature ranges is quickly generated acetylene after coal pyrolytic gasified, but tie up
Holding the time must be extremely short, is less than several milliseconds, because the carbon atom in C-H gas systems can be combined constantly, is deposited as carbon black, belongs to
Irreversible reaction, length of holding time can cause the reduction of acetylene yield；It is small again due to energy of plasma high concentration, only
It is difficult to that coal dust area temperature is made quickly uniformly to increase by gas heat-transfer, not entering the coal dust of high-temperature region cannot gasify or cannot be complete
Gasification, the fugitive constituent that coal dust is discharged in low-temperature space is also easy to be converted to tar and methane, cannot obtain acetylene, and high-temperature region coal dust
The low acetylene that also results in of concentration generates energy consumption increase, thus causes the problem of coal dust consumption is high, acetylene generates high energy consumption.Therefore, coal
Powder must be uniformly mixed with plasma or high-temperature gas within the extremely short time.
The method and apparatus of a variety of electric arc heated coal dust acetylene developed, as patent document UK2145591,
US3989512A、US3931542A、US410588、US5406046A、US7030336B1、UA77739C2、JP225100-91、
CN014202904646, CN201410787386.5 etc., part preferably solves the problems, such as some of industrialization reactor, but always deposits
It is insufficient in part, the full terms of industrial requirement cannot be met.
For example, plasma torch be conducive to improve heating power, arc stability, extend due to low current electrode life,
Can be to avoid electrode coking, but plasmatorch inherently generates the energy consumption more than 15%, moreover, in order to improve plasma torch
The stabilization of the thermal efficiency and electric arc needs largely to use Working medium gas, almost occupies most of gas of atmosphere needed for reaction, coal
Powder can only be conveyed with a small amount of gas, cause coal dust difficulty of transportation.However, not using plasma torch, is directly adopted in the reactor
Then exist with electric arc heated coal dust on the electrode coking the problems such as, and arc voltage be difficult to improve to arc power be difficult to it is full
Sufficient scalability requirement, and the method for improving arc current is relied on then to bring export license is increased to ask to improve heating power
Topic, and due to the self-constriction characteristic of electric arc, the directly proportional increase of pdp body product space can not be made by improving electric current, to coal dust with
Plasma, which is mixed and is evenly heated, brings difficulty so that reactor efficiency reduces.
Invention content
Technical problems based on background technology, the present invention propose a kind of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne.
The reactor can be such that arc-plasma is quickly uniformly mixed with coal dust, and improve the uniformity of reaction zone temperature, to carry
High product uniformity and energy efficiency, and it is multiple to have the advantages that power is big, efficiency is high, can avoid reactor wall coking etc., to
Take into account a variety of demands of commercial Application.
A kind of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne proposed by the present invention, including reactor, inside reactor have anti-
Inner cavity is answered, is equipped with the first coal nozzle in one end of reactor, the other end is equipped with product exit, at the center of the first coal nozzle
If there are one arc electrodes；N branch arc plasma torch, n branch electricity are equipped on the reactor close to first coal nozzle one end
Arc plasma torch with react inner cavity unicom, n >=3；N branch arc plasma torch rotating Vortexes are arranged in the same of reaction inner cavity
Angle on cross section, and between the central axes of every arc plasma torch and the central axes for reacting inner cavity is α, n branch electric arcs
Cross section upslide movie queen of the central axes of plasma torch in reaction inner cavity is public there are one on the cross section of reaction inner cavity
The circle of contact, the public circle of contact are located in the reaction inner cavity below the first coal nozzle.
Preferably, α is 45 °~105 °.
Preferably, the cross section of the reaction inner cavity is round or regular polygon；Preferably, described public to cut diameter of a circle
The 0~1/3 of inner cavity minimum cross-section garden diameter or diagonals of polygon length is reacted to be described.
Preferably, n branch arc plasma torch is transferred-arc plasma torch, and the polarity of n branch transferred-arc plasma torch is all
It is identical, and with the polarity of the arc electrodes at the first coal nozzle center on the contrary, the electric arc of n branch plasma torch generation is in the public affairs
Convergence in tangent circle, and the electric arc generated with arc electrodes lower section unicom in the public circle of contact.
Preferably, n branch arc plasma torch is transferred-arc plasma torch, arbitrary phase in n branch transferred-arc plasma torch
On the contrary, n >=4 and be even number, the electric arc that n branch transferred-arc plasma torch generates exists for the polarity of adjacent two transferred-arc plasma torch
Convergence, unicom around the public circle of contact, and the electric arc generated with the arc electrodes at the first coal nozzle center is described public
Lower section unicom in the circle of contact.
Preferably, the arc electrodes at the first coal nozzle center are hanging, arbitrary neighborhood in n branch transferred-arc plasma torch
The polarity of two plasma torch is even number on the contrary, n >=4, and the electric arc that n branch plasma torch generates is in the public circle of contact
Surrounding convergence, unicom.
Preferably, coal dust is injected in the arc channel of n branch arc plasma torch with gas mode of movement, the coal dust
Into the arc plasma torch arc channel when Density Distribution and VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION around plasma torch axial-rotation pair
Claim, and consistent with arc-plasma axial flow direction in the arc channel；Preferably, in n branch arc-plasmas
Multiple second coal nozzles are symmetrically equipped on the arc channel peripheral surface of torch, with gas mode of movement by coal dust from multiple the
Two coal nozzles are injected tangentially in n branch arc plasma torch arc channels, each coal nozzle by throughput, coal dust
It measures identical；It is highly preferred that with gas mode of movement that coal dust is point more in the arc channel axial direction of the arc plasma torch
Grade injection, it is preferable that multiple second coal nozzles axial multilayer on the arc channel peripheral surface of arc plasma torch is distributed.
Preferably, the coal dust injection rate of multiple second coal nozzles is the 1/2~1 of reactor coal dust total injection.
Preferably, the arc current of transferred-arc plasma torch is 100~1000A, in transferred-arc plasma torch jet pipe
Arc voltage be more than the plasma torch total working arc voltage 1/2；Preferably, the arc in transferred-arc plasma torch jet pipe
Voltage is more than the 2/3 of the plasma torch total working arc voltage.
Preferably, multiple powder nozzles, multiple powder nozzles are equipped on the reactor below n branch arc plasma torch
The powder of ejection, which is injected on the wall surface of reaction inner cavity, forms powder protective layer, and with the axial direction flowed to product exit direction
Component；Preferably, Sloped rotating is equipped with multiple powder nozzles, multiple powder on the reactor below n branch arc plasma torch
The powder that body nozzle sprays, which is injected tangentially on the wall surface of reaction inner cavity, forms powder protective layer；It is highly preferred that powder is coal dust
The carbon containing ashes of fugitive constituent is free of after pyrolytic reaction.
Preferably, m branch arc-plasmas are additionally provided on the reactor of n branch arc plasma torch either above or belows
Torch, the m branch arc plasma torch set up at least one layer in reaction lumen shaft, and every layer of arc plasma torch is all in the same direction
It is rotatably disposed on the same cross section of reaction inner cavity, and all there is a public circle of contact, while every layer of arc plasma torch
Direction of rotation it is all identical as the direction of rotation of n branch arc plasma torch.
A kind of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne proposed by the present invention in the course of work, is set by above structure
N branch arc plasma torch, spray plasma torch high-temperature gas jet-core region and the public circle of contact it is tangent, thus
It converges at around the public circle of contact, and the high-temperature gas for generating high speed rotation flowing is vortexed；At the same time, when electric arc etc. from
Daughter torch be transferred-arc plasma torch when, transferred-arc plasma torch generate electric arc around the circle of contact or and the circle of contact in converge
It is poly-, and with the electrode arc at the first coal nozzle center in the public circle of contact neighbouring unicom up and down.Therefore, in the present invention,
The high-temperature plasma jet stream at the first coal nozzle center and the first coal dust jet pipe coal dust gas mixture flow, plasma torch center
The high temperature and high speed plasma jet of generation and accelerated coal dust gas mixture flow converge near the public circle of contact, are formed
To product exit flowing high speed vortex area, high speed vortex area extends to reactor in swimming flow process to product exit and entirely cuts
Face；High-temperature gas is uniformly mixed rapidly with the relatively low coal dust gas mixture flow of temperature, and gas is heated rapidly in this process coal dust
Change, gaseous material is rapidly reached Chemical thermodynamic equilibrium state, in reactor outlet through high speed quenching, to harvest acetylene, hydrogen
Gas, carbon monoxide and the products such as other gases and carbon residue.
Wherein, due to the presence in high speed vortex area, coal dust raw material is made to be uniformly mixed rapidly with high-temperature gas, and in reactor
It is spread rapidly in section, to be evenly distributed, forms uniform high-temperature gas-pulverized coal particle two phase flow, and to below reactor
Quickly flowing, coal dust is heated in the process, physics or/and chemical reaction is generated, from product exit outflow reactor.In addition
Since plasma jet speed is up to hundreds of meters per second even more than km, vortex area linear velocity is high, and reactor
Diameter only has several tens cm magnitude, high speed vortex area that can spread rapidly, is uniformly filled in reactor cross section, coal dust enters high speed rotation
High-temperature gas region, be uniformly mixed required time with high-temperature gas only and need millisecond magnitude, therefore be very beneficial for High Temperature Gas
Body is conducive to improve product distribution uniformity and reduces energy consumption to the heating uniformity of product.
Wherein, also by the way that coal dust to be directly injected into the arc channel of transferred-arc plasma torch in the present invention, will be electric
The electric arc of arc plasma torch jet pipe inner axes is isolated with jet pipe wall, not only greatly reduces the heat transfer between electric arc and jet pipe wall
Loss, and coal dust can capture the charge diffusion of plasma, improve the breakdown voltage of electric arc and jet pipe wall.
In addition, solid powder nozzle is equipped in the present invention also on reactor, the solid powder protective layer limitation sprayed
High-temperature gas, coal dust mixed flow are rebuffed, and reactor wall scaling loss and coking are avoided, and improve temperature of reactor uniformity.
Therefore, compared with existing reactor, the reactor of electric arc heated coal dust acetylene proposed by the present invention have with
Lower advantage：
(1) vortex is generated by means of plasma jet technology, so that coal dust is not only uniformly mixed with high-temperature gas, Er Qieneng
It is quickly uniformly mixed, and keeps reaction zone temperature uniform, solve clearly disadvantageous in the prior art.
(2) flow at high speed of eddy airstream generates differential with pulverized coal particle, what the rapid tar for eliminating pulverized coal pyrolysis generated
Thermal boundary improves pulverized coal pyrolysis speed, to improve reaction efficiency.
(3) gas solid separation of reaction product can be promoted by forming high speed and being vortexed.
(4) coal dust is directly injected into the arc channel of plasma torch, advantageously reduces arc plasma torch thermal energy
Loss, to improve arc plasma torch electric energy efficiency, and can increase plasma torch power, isolation electric arc with it is equal from
Breakdown eliminates plasma torch jet pipe complexity to improve the reliability of plasma torch between daughter torch nozzle wall
Water-cooling structure.
(5) branched plasma torch combination and multilayer plasma body torch are conducive to improve the power of separate unit reactor, increase
Reactor scale.
(6) high temperature reductive gas carries carbon dust and not only avoids reactor wall coking completely, but also plays heat preservation to reaction zone
Effect, improves the uniformity of reaction zone temperature, and do not influence the atmosphere requirements of reaction zone.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of vertical section schematic diagram of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne proposed by the present invention；
The arc plasma torch that Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 arranges vertical view and power supply connection diagram；
Fig. 3 is the arc path schematic diagram of high-speed gas whirlpool schematic diagram and a kind of embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the arc path schematic diagram of another embodiment of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne proposed by the present invention.
The vertical section schematic diagram of coal dust intermixture mode is injected in the arc plasma torch that Fig. 5 is Fig. 1.
Specific implementation mode
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a kind of vertical section signals of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne proposed by the present invention
Figure.The arc plasma torch that Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 arranges vertical view and power supply connection diagram.Fig. 3 is high-speed gas whirlpool schematic diagram
With a kind of arc path schematic diagram of embodiment.Fig. 4 is another reality of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne proposed by the present invention
Apply the arc path schematic diagram of example.The vertical section signal of injection coal dust intermixture mode in the arc plasma torch that Fig. 5 is Fig. 1
Figure.
Referring to Fig.1-5, a kind of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne proposed by the present invention, including reactor 2, reactor
2 inside have reaction inner cavity, are equipped with the first coal nozzle 1 at one end end of reactor 2, the other end is equipped with product exit 7；
The center of one coal nozzle 1 is set there are one arc electrodes 3-0, and n is equipped on the reactor 2 close to 1 one end of the first coal nozzle
Branch arc plasma torch 3, n branch arc plasma torch with react inner cavity unicom, n >=3；N branch arc plasma torch 3 is in the same direction
It is rotatably disposed on the same section of reaction inner cavity, and the central axes of every arc plasma torch 3 and the axis that reacts inner cavity
Angle between line is α, and the cross section upslide movie queen of inner cavity is being reacted in reaction in the central axes of n branch arc plasma torch 3
There are a public circle of contact on the cross section of chamber, the public circle of contact is located at intracavitary in the reaction of 1 lower section of the first coal nozzle.
In the technical solution of the present invention, reactor body 2 can be placed vertically, may also be placed horizontally or be inverted.
Referring to Fig.1, in the optimal technical scheme of the present invention, reactor body 2 is placed vertically, the first coal nozzle
1 at the top of the reactor 2 and unicom is located at 2 bottom end of reactor to inner cavity, product exit 7 is reacted.Wherein, inner cavity is reacted
Cross section is rotational symmetry structure, preferably circular or regular polygon.
N branch arc plasma torch 3 is located on the reactor 2 of 1 lower section of the first coal nozzle, parallel connection passes to reaction inner cavity, n
The jet expansion end face of branch arc plasma torch 3 with described to react intracavity sidewall concordant；N branch arc plasma torch 3 all revolves
Turn be arranged symmetrically in reaction inner cavity same cross section on, and the central axes of every arc plasma torch 3 in described react
The angle of the central axes of chamber is α.
With reference to Fig. 2, the central axis of n branch arc plasma torch 3 reaction inner cavity cross section upslide movie queen and to anti-
Inner cavity is answered to extend, there are one the public circle of contact on the cross section of reaction inner cavity, wherein the public circle of contact downstream is to product exit 7
To react the conversion zone of inner cavity.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, since pyrolysis coal dust acetylene needs environment rich, the working medium of arc plasma torch 3
Gas uses hydrogen or the hydrocarbon rich in hydrogen, such as methane.The high-temperature plasma that arc plasma torch 3 generates
Jet stream converges around the public circle of contact, and the high-temperature gas whirlpool area of rotational flow is generated along plasma jet direction
6, the highest average temperature in high-temperature gas whirlpool area 6 is in 3500K or more.High-temperature gas whirlpool area 6 is moved through to product exit 7
Cheng Zhong rapidly radially expands, until reactor cross section is full of, in addition to the external reactor cross section of reactor wall surface near zone is kept
Preferable temperature uniformity, temperature on average are declined.
The coal dust sprayed from the first coal nozzle 1, which falls, enters high-temperature gas whirlpool area 6, the gas flowed by high speed rotation
Seat is rolled up, is uniformly mixed with high-temperature gas rapidly, coal dust extends to reactor whole cross section with gas flowing, and goes out to reactor
Mouth flowing；Coal dust is from high-temperature gas whirlpool area is entered to 2~6 milliseconds of reactor outlet elapsed-time standards, in this process, coal dust
It is brought rapidly up, is pyrolyzed, discharges fugitive constituent, reach C-H systems Chemical thermodynamic equilibrium (not considering solid carbon) in reactor outlet,
Mean gas temperature is between 1700K~2000K, through over-quenching, harvest acetylene, ethylene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and other
The products such as C-H compounds.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, in order to ensure residence time of the coal dust in high-temperature gas vortex area 6, to ensure quilt
Fully heating and completely pyrolysis, public 0 for cutting diameter of a circle and being preferably reaction inner cavity smallest cross-sectional diameter where conversion zone
~1/3；Preferably 0.5-2 times of the jet pipe opening diameter of arc plasma torch 3.Wherein, the public tangential circle diameter is too small,
Be unfavorable for high-temperature gas radial diffusion and temperature uniformly, be unfavorable for coal dust and be uniformly mixed with high-temperature gas；The public circle of contact is straight
Diameter is excessive, then high-temperature gas diffusion is fast, easy burn-out reactor.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, α is preferably 45 °~105 °.Wherein, angle is excessive, is greater than 105 °, n branch electric arcs
The jet stream that plasma torch 3 generates flows up, and is also generated to upstream after the speed for overcoming the first coal nozzle coal dust to fall
Dynamic component mixes although being conducive to coal dust with high-temperature gas, residence time of the reactant in high-temperature region can to form reflux
Can be long, acetylene is cracked to form solid-state carbon black, causes the reduction of acetylene yield；Angle too small is, for example, less than 45 °, then electric arc etc. from
The swirling number of daughter torch reduces, vortex flow downward it is fast, be unfavorable for temperature in reaction zone cross section uniformly, coal dust diffusion and
The mixing of coal dust and high-temperature gas.
N branch arc plasma torch 3 can be usually said non-transferred arc plasma torch, transferred-arc plasma torch,
Or their combination, preferably transferred-arc plasma torch, transferred-arc plasma torch is relative to non-transferred arc plasma torch
Have the characteristics that simple in structure, export license is low, low energy consumption.
When the n branch plasma torch 3 is non-transferred arc plasma torch, the arc electrodes at 1 center of the first coal nozzle
3-0 does not have electric current to pass through, can hanging or cancellation.
When the n branch arc plasma torch 3 is transferred-arc plasma torch, stablize whirlpool so that being formed to make arc stability
Rotation, preferably 2 kinds of schemes：
The first scheme is that the polarity of n branch transferred-arc plasma torch 3 is all identical, and with 1 center of the first coal nozzle
The polarity of arc electrodes 3-0 is on the contrary, the electric arc from the arc electrodes 3-1 of n branch transferred-arc plasma torch 3 public is cut described
Circumference encloses convergence, and the electric arc generated with arc electrodes 3-0 unicom in the public circle of contact, due to the stream of the first coal nozzle
Flow downward effect and the Lorentz force effect of electric arc itself of body, the arc electrodes 3-1 productions of n branch transferred-arc plasma torch 3
The unicom in the public circle of contact of raw electric arc and the arc electrodes 3-0 electric arcs generated, axial position are located under the public circle of contact
Side；N >=3 are conducive to generation vortex, reduction coal dust jet stream is rebuffed；Preferably, the electric current of each transferred-arc plasma torch is equal,
By the inertia by plasma torch jet stream, the Lorentz force between adjacent arc is overcome to act on, pilot arc plasma
Stabilization of the electric arc of torch jet-core region in respective equilbrium position.
Second scheme is the polarity of two transferred-arc plasma torch of arbitrary neighborhood in n branch transferred-arc plasma torch 3
On the contrary, n >=4 and be even number, the electric arc that the arc electrodes 3-1 of n branch transferred-arc plasma torch 3 is generated is in the public circle of contact week
Enclose convergence, unicom, and the electric arc generated with the arc electrodes 3-0 at 1 center of the first coal nozzle lower section in the public circle of contact
Unicom.Due to the shunting function of the arc electrodes 3-0 at 1 center of the first coal nozzle, with turning for arc electrodes 3-0 same polarities
Arc plasma torch electric current is moved less than the electric current with the opposite polarity transferred-arc plasma torch of arc electrodes 3-0.Wherein, adjacent
The arc current direction of transferred-arc plasma torch 3 is rather, it is preferred to ground, cathode and anode transferred-arc plasma torch size of current
Equal respectively, the arcing power phase mutual repulsion of adjacent jets maintains the electric arc of jet stream in the dynamic stability of respective equilbrium position；
Multipair transferred-arc plasma torch logarithm is at least 2, i.e. n >=4, is conducive to generation vortex, reduction coal dust jet stream is rebuffed.
When using second scheme, the arc electrodes 3-0 at the first coal nozzle center can be hanging or be cancelled.
The power supply connection side of above-mentioned transferred-arc plasma torch arc stability is maintained with reference to Fig. 3 in the above-mentioned technical solutions
Formula is：The arc electrodes 3-0 at 1 center arc electrodes 3-1 or the first coal nozzle of wherein arbitrary 1 arc plasma torch 3
It is connected to the positive or negative pole of voltage-controlled type power supply, remaining arc electrodes is connected to the anode or negative of current-control type power supply
Pole.It is preferred that the arc electrodes 3-0 at 1 center of the first coal nozzle is connected to the positive or negative pole of 1 voltage-controlled type power supply,
The arc electrodes 3-1 of the n branch arc plasma torch 3 is respectively coupled to the positive or negative pole of n branch current-control type power supplys, institute
Another pole for stating n branch current-control type power supplys and 1 voltage-controlled type power supply is all connected to common point and is grounded.
Wherein, the arc electrodes 3-0 at the first coal nozzle center is preferably cathode, and rodlike hot cathode can bear higher
Electric current.The electric current algebraically of the arc electrodes 3-0 at 1 center arc electrodes 3-1 and the first coal nozzle of n branch arc plasma torch
Be zero.To make the plasma potential in high-temperature gas vortex area 6 close to ground potential, the voltage of voltage-controlled type power supply controls
It is institute's connection electrode electric arc from electrode to the average voltage of electric arc convergence place.
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 3 embodiments are 6 transferred-arc plasma torch, and electric arc is not installed at the first coal nozzle center
Electrode or the electrode are hanging.The n branch transferred-arc plasma torch 3 set by above structure, the plasma torch sprayed are high
Wet body jet-core region and the public circle of contact are tangent, converge at around the public circle of contact, n branch transferred-arc plasma torch
The electric arc that 3 arc electrodes 3-1 is generated converges at around the public circle of contact, and the mutual unicom of dynamic around the public circle of contact, mainly
Arc current access is the unicom two-by-two of adjacent arc plasma torch and constantly left and right switches unicom, and the electric arc of unicom is again two-by-two
Mutual unicom, but not form loop unicom.It is in 4 transferred-arc plasma torch and the first coal nozzle referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 4
The arc path schematic diagram that the arc electrodes of dress of feeling at ease are formed, in addition to the arc electrodes 3-1 of n branch transferred-arc plasma torch is generated
Electric arc converge at around the public circle of contact and around the circle of contact outside dynamic mutually unicom, the electric arc of 4 transferred-arc plasma torch
The electric arc that electrode 3-1 is generated also with the electrode arc at the center of the first coal nozzle in the public circle of contact lower section unicom.By
This generates the high-temperature gas vortex area 6 of high speed rotation flowing, swirl direction and n branch plasma torch high-temperature gases jet stream one
It causes.Due to the width of arc plasma torch high-temperature gas jet stream, the diameter in initial high-temperature gas swirl area is more than described public
Diameter of a circle is cut, at the same time, can be extended rapidly during high-temperature gas vortex area flow further downstream, reaction inner cavity is uniformly filled in
Cross section keeps most of cross-section region temperature other than near reactor wall uniform.
When using transferred-arc plasma torch, coal dust can be injected into transferred-arc plasma torch jet pipe.Reference Fig. 5, with
Gas mode of movement by the arc channel of coal dust injection n branch arc plasma torch 3, the coal dust enter described electric arc etc. from
Density Distribution and VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION when the arc channel of daughter torch is symmetrical around plasma torch axial-rotation, and logical in the electric arc
It is consistent with plasma axial flow direction in road, to which arc stability is constrained in arc channel axis part.
It, can be by being symmetrically equipped with multiple the on the jet pipe of n branch arc plasma torch 3 for above-mentioned technical proposal
Coal dust is injected tangentially from multiple second coal nozzles 8 to n branch arc-plasmas by two coal nozzles 8 with gas mode of movement
It is realized in the arc channel of torch 3, the tangential direction of rotation of multiple second coal nozzles 8 is consistent.
Wherein, the coal dust injection rate of all the second coal nozzles 8 of n transferred-arc plasma torch is preferably reactor coal
The 1/2~1 of powder total injection, i.e. most or all of injection reactor coal dust can pass through n branch transferred-arc plasma torch
Injection.
Set by above structure, with gas pulverized coal conveying formed gas-particle two phase flow coal dust intermixture, with electricity
The arc-plasma flowing same direction in the arc channel of arc plasma torch 3 with radial component and micro- cuts radial component
It injects in the arc channel of arc plasma torch 3.In the arc channel after being injected from there through multiple second coal nozzles 8
Inner surface and channel in arc-plasma between form gas-pulverized coal particle mixture fluidized bed 9, fluidized bed tool
Have an axial component consistent with the arc-plasma flow direction, and the radial component parallel with the nozzle section and
Micro- tangential component.
Since plasma arc is steadily constrained in electric arc etc. by the gas-coal dust intermixture fluidized bed 9 being injected tangentially
The center of the arc channel of gas ions torch, and the density of gas-particle two phase flow is much higher than gas density, to electric arc constraint and
Unstable restriction effect greatly improves, thus can improve arc voltage by increasing arc length；Since gas-coal dust is mixed
The pulverized coal particle for closing object fluidized bed 9 acts on the capture of charge, limits the diffusion of plasma, greatly improves electric arc and electric arc
Breakdown between the nozzle wall face of plasma torch is horizontal, is conducive to the design level for improving arc voltage and simplifies plasma
Torch structure；Since gas-coal dust intermixture fluidized bed 9 absorbs the radial heat transfer of electric arc well, plasma is substantially increased
The thermal efficiency of body torch, and the water cooling demand of plasmatorch is eliminated, simplify the water-cooling structure of plasma torch complexity；Simultaneously
Gas-coal dust intermixture fluidized bed 9 absorbs the radial heat transfer of electric arc well, also reduces the transverse direction of electric arc downstream
Expansion, improves electric arc electric field strength, and also improve arc voltage and arc power.
In order to further increase the arc voltage in arc plasma torch 3, to improve arc power, with gas conveying side
Formula point multistage injection in the axial direction of the arc plasma torch jet pipe by coal dust；It is existed by multiple second coal nozzles 8
Axial multilayer distribution is realized on the jet pipe of arc plasma torch 3.Since gas-particle two-phase flow point multistage is injected electric arc etc.
In the jet pipe of gas ions torch, multi-stage compression electric arc may be implemented, reduce lateral magnification when electric arc downstream, to improve
Arc voltage.
It dusts nozzle 1 for first, mechanically or air flow delivery mode is delivered to reaction inner cavity by coal dust intermixture
The first coal dust jet pipe 1 on top, coal dust intermixture is around arc electrodes 3-0 with freely falling body or air-flow induced way from first
It is sprayed in coal nozzle 1, electric arc is limited in the first pulverized coal injection tube hub by coal dust intermixture, and absorbs the first pulverized coal injection of electric arc pair
The radial heat transfer of pipe, reduces thermal losses, while also improving arc voltage.In technical solution of the present invention, class can also be used
Like the arc electrodes of first coal nozzle and its top center on 3 surrogate response device top of transferred-arc plasma torch.
In reactor in the above-mentioned technical solutions, by electric arc heated and acceleration, electrocardio in arc plasma torch 3
The high temperature and high speed plasma jet of arc generation and the coal dust gas mixture flow outside arc region converge near the public circle of contact, due to
Multiple jet-core regions and the public circle of contact are tangent, and uniformly distributed jet interactions thus generate high-temperature gas whirlpool around the public circle of contact
Revolve area 6；The coal dust gas of surrounding them in the high-temperature plasma jet stream at 1 center of the first coal nozzle and the first coal nozzle 1
Mixed flow converges with high-temperature gas vortex area 6 to flow downward, and extends to reactor whole cross section, and high-temperature gas is relatively low with temperature
Coal dust gas mixture flow relies primarily on convection current and is uniformly mixed rapidly, and ensures that reaction zone is uniform in cross-section the temperature in the face；Mixing is equal
Even coal dust gas mixture flow is flowed out by conversion zone from reactor lower end, and gasification, gaseous state are heated rapidly in this process coal dust
Substance is rapidly reached Chemical thermodynamic equilibrium state, in reactor outlet through high speed quenching, harvest acetylene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide,
With the products such as hydrocarbon gas and carbon residue such as other C1~C4.
Due to coal dust in high speed eddy airstream with the differential of air-flow, make coal dust that can quickly volatilize and lose in pyrolytic process
Tar removing thermal boundary improves pulverized coal pyrolysis speed.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, in order to ensure that coal dust to be processed is quickly uniformly mixed with high-temperature gas, High Temperature Gas is needed
The speed in body vortex area is sufficiently high, it is desirable that the speed of the outlet jet of arc plasma torch 3 is more than 500m/sec.
In order to ensure residence time of most coal dusts in high-temperature gas vortex area 6, to ensure to be sufficiently heated
With complete pyrolysis, public diameter of a circle of cutting is not easy excessive, and public tangential circle diameter, which is preferably smaller than in conversion zone, reacts intracavity section most
The 1/3 of minor diameter, preferably smaller than the 2 of arc plasma torch nozzle diameter times；Pulverized coal particle is as levigate as possible, and preferably diameter is small
In 80 microns；The number of arc plasma torch 3 should be no less than 3.The plasmatorch of enough numbers, which is conducive to generate, to be vortexed, subtracts
Few coal dust jet stream is rebuffed；In addition the number of plasma torch 3 increases the general power for also helping and increasing plasma, to increase
Separate unit reactor scale.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, ensure coal dust be fully pyrolyzed under the premise of, reaction mass flow through in reaction zone when
Between be not easy long, otherwise, the carbon in C-H equilibrium systems can be deposited as solid-state, to cause the reduction of acetylene yield.Reaction mass exists
In reactor the residence time of public circle of contact catchment be millisecond magnitude, preferably smaller than 6 milliseconds.Residence time depends on conversion zone
The ratio of length and the speed of reaction mass flow further downstream.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, in order to ensure high-temperature gas vortex area arc stability, each arc current control is 100
~1000A, preferably 150~800A, the arc current is too low, and electric arc is in V-I characteristics and is remarkably decreased area, it is difficult to control
Stable operation, the arc current it is excessively high then due between electric arc mutual Lorentz force action it is too strong, cause electric arc to be turned in vortex area
Point is outer inclined, it is difficult to control vortex area size or the stabilization of electric arc.One advantageous approach of control arc stability is every and turns
1/2 of arc voltage drop more than every plasma torch whole arc voltage inside arc plasma torch jet pipe is moved, preferably every turns
Move 2/3 of arc voltage drop more than every plasma torch whole arc voltage of arc plasma torch nozzle interior.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the plasma Working medium gas of pulverized coal conveying using hydrogen, methane or includes above-mentioned gas
The reaction end gas containing chain hydrocarbon of body reacts required rich hydrogen environment to provide.Reaction can also be provided in reaction end gas containing chain hydrocarbon
Required low-heat solution energy carbon source advantageously reduces acetylene and generates power consumption and reduce coal dust consumption.
Part pulverized coal particle, particularly the larger pulverized coal particle of particle, which may be pyrolyzed fully, just flees from high temperature vortex area and touches
Reactor wall is touched, reactor wall coking will necessarily be caused.Using carbon residue in reaction product powder overcoat is formed in reactor wall
5, can completely isolated inabundant pyrolysis carbon dust crash response wall, also help to reaction heat preservation and improve reaction zone temperature
Uniformity.For this purpose, Sloped rotating is equipped with multiple powder nozzles 4 on the reactor below arc plasma torch 3；Using not joining
With react or be conducive to reaction reducibility gas, such as CO, H2Deng conveying carbon dust to powder nozzle 4, carbon dust enters reaction inner cavity,
Powder protective layer 5 is formed on the wall surface of reaction inner cavity.Using combustion gas, the partial oxidation generation for being rich in hydro carbons in reaction end gas
High-temperature synthesis gas conveys carbon dust and forms powder protective layer 5, is more advantageous to and reaction zone temperature uniformity is kept the temperature and improved to reaction zone.
Or using the fuel gas transmission carbon dust rich in hydro carbons in reaction end gas to part powder nozzle, rest part powder nozzle sprays into oxygen
Gas, fuel gas and oxygen is alternate is delivered to powder nozzle 4, the gas that burning is formed on the wall surface of reaction inner cavity adds the powder of carbon dust
Body protective layer 5, the powder nozzle 4 sprays combustion gas and oxygen synthesis atmosphere is fuel-rich property, and the atmosphere for generation of burning is reduction
Property will not cause reaction zone big influence.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. a kind of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne, including reactor (2), reactor (2) is internal to have reaction inner cavity,
One end of reactor (2) is equipped with the first coal nozzle (1), and the other end is equipped with product exit (7), which is characterized in that in the first coal
The center of powder nozzle (1) is set there are one arc electrodes (3-0)；It is set on the reactor (2) close to the first coal nozzle (1) one end
Have a n branch arc plasma torch (3), n branch arc plasma torch (3) with react inner cavity unicom, n >=3；N branch arc plasmas
Body torch (3) rotating Vortex be arranged in reaction inner cavity same cross section on, and the central axes of every arc plasma torch (3) with
It is α to react the angle between the central axes of inner cavity, and the central axes of n branch arc plasma torch (3) are in the cross section for reacting inner cavity
There are a public circle of contacts, the public circle of contact to be located at the first coal nozzle (1) on the cross section of reaction inner cavity by upslide movie queen
In the reaction inner cavity of lower section；Wherein α is 45 °~105 °.
2. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cross of the reaction inner cavity
Section is round or regular polygon.
3. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the public circle of contact it is straight
Diameter is the 0~1/3 of the reaction inner cavity minimum cross-section circular diameter or diagonals of polygon.
4. according to claim 1-3 any one of them electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne, which is characterized in that n branch electric arcs
Plasma torch (3) be transferred-arc plasma torch, the polarity of n branch transferred-arc plasma torch is all identical, and with the first pulverized coal injection
The polarity of the arc electrodes (3-0) at mouth (1) center is on the contrary, the electric arc that generates of n branch transferred-arc plasma torch public is cut described
The interior electric arc for converging and being generated with arc electrodes (3-0) of circle lower section unicom in the public circle of contact.
5. according to claim 1-3 any one of them electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne, which is characterized in that n branch electric arcs
Plasma torch (3) is transferred-arc plasma torch, two transferred-arc plasmas of arbitrary neighborhood in n branch transferred-arc plasma torch
The polarity of torch is even number on the contrary, n >=4, and the electric arc that n branch transferred-arc plasma torch generates converges around the public circle of contact
Poly-, unicom, and the electric arc generated with the arc electrodes (3-0) at the first coal nozzle (1) center lower section in the public circle of contact
Unicom.
6. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 5, which is characterized in that by the first coal nozzle
(1) arc electrodes (3-0) at center vacantly, two transferred-arc plasma torch of arbitrary neighborhood in n branch transferred-arc plasma torch
Polarity on the contrary, n >=4, and be even number, the electric arc that n branch transferred-arc plasma torch generates converges around the public circle of contact,
Unicom.
7. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 4, which is characterized in that will with gas mode of movement
Coal dust injects in the arc channel of n branch arc plasma torch (3), and the coal dust enters the electric arc of the arc plasma torch
Density Distribution and VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION when channel is symmetrical around plasma torch axial-rotation, and with electric arc etc. in the arc channel
Gas ions axial flow direction is consistent.
8. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 5, which is characterized in that will with gas mode of movement
Coal dust injects in the arc channel of n branch arc plasma torch (3), and the coal dust enters the electric arc of the arc plasma torch
Density Distribution and VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION when channel is symmetrical around plasma torch axial-rotation, and with electric arc etc. in the arc channel
Gas ions axial flow direction is consistent.
9. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 6, which is characterized in that will with gas mode of movement
Coal dust injects in the arc channel of n branch arc plasma torch (3), and the coal dust enters the electric arc of the arc plasma torch
Density Distribution and VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION when channel is symmetrical around plasma torch axial-rotation, and with electric arc etc. in the arc channel
Gas ions axial flow direction is consistent.
10. according to claim 6-9 any one of them electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne, which is characterized in that in n branch electricity
On the jet pipe of arc plasma torch (3) symmetrically be equipped with multiple second coal nozzles (8), with gas mode of movement by coal dust from
Multiple second coal nozzles (8) are injected tangentially in the arc channel of n branch arc plasma torch (3).
11. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 10, which is characterized in that with gas mode of movement
Point multistage injection in the axial direction of the arc plasma torch arc channel by coal dust.
12. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 11, which is characterized in that multiple second pulverized coal injections
Mouth (8) axial multilayer on the jet pipe of arc plasma torch (3) is distributed.
13. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 4, which is characterized in that transferred-arc plasma
The arc current of torch is 100~1000A, and the arc voltage in transferred-arc plasma torch jet pipe is more than the plasma torch chief engineer
Make the 1/2 of arc voltage.
14. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 5, which is characterized in that transferred-arc plasma
The arc current of torch is 100~1000A, and the arc voltage in transferred-arc plasma torch jet pipe is more than the plasma torch chief engineer
Make the 1/2 of arc voltage.
15. according to claim 6-9 any one of them electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne, which is characterized in that transferred arc
The arc current of plasma torch is 100~1000A, and the arc voltage in transferred-arc plasma torch jet pipe is more than the plasma
The 1/2 of body torch total working arc voltage.
16. the electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 13 or 14, which is characterized in that transferred arc etc. from
Arc voltage in daughter torch jet pipe is more than the 2/3 of the plasma torch total working arc voltage.
17. according to claim 1-3 any one of them electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne, which is characterized in that in n branch electricity
Reactor below arc plasma torch (3) is equipped with multiple powder nozzles (4), the powder (5) that multiple powder nozzles (4) spray
It is injected on the wall surface of reaction inner cavity and forms powder protective layer, and with the axial component flowed to product exit (7) direction.
18. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 17, which is characterized in that n branch electric arcs etc. from
Sloped rotating is equipped with multiple powder nozzles (4), the powder that multiple powder nozzles (4) spray on reactor below daughter torch (3)
(5) it is injected tangentially on the wall surface of reaction inner cavity and forms powder protective layer.
19. electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne according to claim 17, which is characterized in that powder (5) is coal dust
The carbon containing ashes of fugitive constituent is free of after pyrolytic reaction.
20. according to claim 1-3 any one of them electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne, which is characterized in that in n branch electricity
Be additionally provided with m branch arc plasma torch on the reactor of arc plasma torch (3) either above or below, described m branch electric arc etc. from
Daughter torch sets up at least one layer in reaction lumen shaft, and every layer of arc plasma torch all rotating Vortexes are arranged in reaction inner cavity
Same cross section on, and all exist a public circle of contact, while the direction of rotation of every layer of arc plasma torch all with the n
The direction of rotation of branch arc plasma torch is identical.
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| CN110918026B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2022-08-26 | 新疆粤和泰化工科技有限公司 | Coal-to-acetylene plasma reactor with coking inhibition and on-line coke cleaning functions |
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| WO2014064193A1 (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-05-01 | Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh | Method and device for supplying energy into a scrap metal pile in an electric arc furnace |
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