CN214051595U - Plasma pyrolysis coal-to-acetylene reaction device - Google Patents
Plasma pyrolysis coal-to-acetylene reaction device Download PDFInfo
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- CN214051595U CN214051595U CN202022361322.2U CN202022361322U CN214051595U CN 214051595 U CN214051595 U CN 214051595U CN 202022361322 U CN202022361322 U CN 202022361322U CN 214051595 U CN214051595 U CN 214051595U
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种等离子体裂解煤制乙炔反应装置，包括反应器本体，反应器本体内设置有反应腔，反应器本体的顶端设置有等离子体炬阴极，等离子体炬阴极连接电源阴极，等离子体炬阴极通过固定件一固定在反应器本体的顶端外壁上；反应器本体的右侧壁上设置有等离子体炬阳极，等离子体炬阳极连接电源阳极，等离子体炬阳极通过固定件二固定在反应器本体的外侧壁上；反应器本体的左侧壁上端设置有煤粉喷嘴，煤粉喷嘴连接煤粉输送管，反应腔的左侧内壁中间位置固设有淬冷器，反应器本体的左侧壁下端连接有冷却水管。本实用新型提供一种等离子体裂解煤制乙炔反应装置，这种反应装置可以提高煤粉转化率，从而提高乙炔产率。
The utility model discloses a plasma cracking coal-to-acetylene reaction device, which comprises a reactor body, a reaction chamber is arranged in the reactor body, a plasma torch cathode is arranged at the top of the reactor body, and the plasma torch cathode is connected to a power supply cathode. The plasma torch cathode is fixed on the outer wall of the top of the reactor body through the first fixing piece; the right side wall of the reactor body is provided with the plasma torch anode, the plasma torch anode is connected to the power supply anode, and the plasma torch anode is fixed through the fixing piece 2 On the outer side wall of the reactor body; the upper end of the left side wall of the reactor body is provided with a pulverized coal nozzle, and the pulverized coal nozzle is connected to the pulverized coal conveying pipe, and a quencher is fixed in the middle of the left inner wall of the reaction chamber. The lower end of the left side wall is connected with a cooling water pipe. The utility model provides a plasma cracking coal-to-acetylene reaction device, which can improve the conversion rate of pulverized coal, thereby increasing the acetylene yield.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a reactor technical field particularly, relates to a plasma schizolysis coal system acetylene reaction unit.
Background
Compared with the method for preparing acetylene by calcium carbide process, the method for preparing acetylene by pyrolyzing coal powder by arc plasma is considered to be a revolution for producing acetylene by calcium carbide process due to the advantages of saving resources, reducing pollution discharge, low energy consumption and the like.
The technology for directly preparing acetylene by plasma coal cracking is recognized as a green chemical technology with great development prospect, is different from the traditional coal conversion process, obtains products such as acetylene, hydrogen and the like with high value by one-step reaction of plasma coal cracking, and has the advantages of short flow, no catalyst, wide adaptability to coal quality, small reaction equipment, less investment and the like.
The reaction conditions of coal-to-acetylene plasma cracking are extremely harsh, the reaction process is a millisecond-level ultrashort contact reaction process, the mixing efficiency of high-speed plasma jet and coal powder is low, the coal powder is difficult to enter a high-temperature region, the gas generation and acetylene concentration are low, a reactor is easy to coke, the energy consumption of acetylene per unit is high, the reaction amplification effect is obvious, the large-scale industrialization is difficult, and the problems of mixing, heat transfer and reaction of the coal powder and the plasma become key technical difficulties of the coal-to-acetylene plasma cracking process.
At present, a reaction device for preparing acetylene by pyrolyzing coal through thermal plasmas, which can protect the environment, reduce the consumption, improve the gas evolution rate, enable pulverized coal to easily enter a high-temperature region to be mixed with plasmas and can realize mass production, is urgently needed in the market.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the problem in the correlation technique, the utility model provides a plasma schizolysis coal system acetylene reaction unit solves current plasma schizolysis coal system acetylene device mixing efficiency low, and heat utilization rate is low, the high problem of reaction energy consumption.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
designing a reaction device for preparing acetylene by cracking coal with plasma, which comprises a reactor body, wherein a reaction cavity is arranged in the reactor body, a plasma torch cathode is arranged at the top end of the reactor body and is connected with a power supply cathode, and the plasma torch cathode is fixed on the outer wall of the top end of the reactor body through a fixing part I; a plasma torch anode is arranged on the right side wall of the reactor body and connected with a power supply anode, and the plasma torch anode is fixed on the outer side wall of the reactor body through a second fixing piece; the left side wall upper end of reactor body is provided with the buggy nozzle, the buggy conveyer pipe is connected to the buggy nozzle, the left side inner wall intermediate position of reaction chamber has set firmly the quencher, the left side wall lower extreme of reactor body is connected with the cooling water pipe, the right side wall lower extreme of reactor body is connected with the mist export, the bottom of reaction chamber is provided with the liquid seal, the bottom of liquid seal is provided with the solid-liquid mixture export, highly being greater than of mist export the maximum height of liquid seal, the coating has high temperature resistant insulating layer on the inner wall of reaction chamber, the top of reactor body still is connected with the hydrogen intake pipe.
Further, a first high-temperature-resistant insulating sealing ring is arranged between the cathode of the plasma torch and the inner wall of the top end of the reaction cavity, and a second high-temperature-resistant insulating sealing ring is arranged between the anode of the plasma torch and the inner wall of the right side of the reaction cavity.
Furthermore, the plasma torch cathode and the plasma torch anode are both provided with insertion ports, and the insertion ports are provided with a plurality of plasma torches.
Further, the inclination angle of the plasma torch cathode and the corresponding plasma torch is 30-150 degrees.
Further, the inclination angles of the plasma torch anode and the corresponding plasma torch are both 30-150 degrees.
Furthermore, the pulverized coal nozzles are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the reactor body.
Furthermore, a plurality of hydrogen nozzles which are uniformly distributed are arranged on the outlet of the hydrogen inlet pipe.
Further, the quencher is connected with a quenching spray head.
Further, the number of the plasma torch cathodes and the number of the plasma torch anodes are any one of 1-8.
Furthermore, the first fixing part and the second fixing part both comprise adjustable parts.
The utility model has the advantages that: the reaction device for preparing acetylene by cracking coal by using the plasma improves the conversion rate of coal powder, thereby improving the yield of acetylene; by arranging the pulverized coal conveying pipeline in each section of plasma arc area, the pulverized coal and the high-temperature gas are uniformly mixed, can be quickly and uniformly mixed, and the temperature of a reaction area is uniform; in the reaction process, the high-speed flow of airflow generated by the multi-directional plasma arc and the differential speed generated by the coal dust particles are generated, so that the thermal barrier generated by the tar generated by coal dust pyrolysis is rapidly eliminated, the coal dust pyrolysis speed is increased, and the reaction efficiency is improved; the combination of a plurality of plasma torches and a plurality of layers of plasma torches are adopted, so that the power of a single reactor is improved, and the scale of the reactor is increased; the liquid seal is arranged at the bottom of the reactor, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of solid-liquid separation and increasing the scale of the reactor.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction apparatus for producing acetylene by plasma pyrolysis of coal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the plasma torch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the arrangement of multiple plasma torches of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the quencher in FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1. a reactor body; 2. a plasma torch cathode; 3. a plasma torch anode; 41. a first high-temperature-resistant insulating seal ring; 42. a second high-temperature-resistant insulating sealing ring; 51. a first fixing part; 52. a second fixing part; 6. a hydrogen inlet pipe; 7. a pulverized coal nozzle; 8. a cooling water pipe; 9. a quenching device; 10. liquid seal layer; 11. a mixed gas outlet; 12. a solid-liquid mixture outlet; 13. and a high-temperature resistant insulating layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a plasma cracking coal-to-acetylene reaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a reactor body 1, a reaction chamber is disposed in the reactor body 1, a plasma torch cathode 2 is disposed at a top end of the reactor body 1, the plasma torch cathode 2 is connected to a power supply cathode, and the plasma torch cathode 2 is fixed on an outer wall of the top end of the reactor body 1 through a fixing member 51; a plasma torch anode 3 is arranged on the right side wall of the reactor body 1, the plasma torch anode 3 is connected with a power supply anode, and the plasma torch anode 3 is fixed on the outer side wall of the reactor body 1 through a second fixing part 52; the left side wall upper end of reactor body 1 is provided with buggy nozzle 7, buggy nozzle 7 connects the buggy conveyer pipe, the left side inner wall intermediate position of reaction chamber has set firmly quencher 9, the left side wall lower extreme of reactor body 1 is connected with cooling water pipe 8, the right side wall lower extreme of reactor body 1 is connected with gas mixture export 11, the bottom of reaction chamber is provided with liquid seal 10, the bottom of liquid seal 10 is provided with solid-liquid mixture export 12, gas mixture export 11 highly is greater than the maximum height of liquid seal 10, the coating has high temperature insulation layer 13 on the inner wall of reaction chamber, the top of reactor body 1 still is connected with hydrogen intake pipe 6.
As shown in fig. 1-2, in this embodiment, a first high temperature resistant insulating sealing ring 41 is disposed between the cathode 2 of the plasma torch and the inner wall of the top end of the reaction chamber, and a second high temperature resistant insulating sealing ring 42 is disposed between the anode 3 of the plasma torch and the inner wall of the right side of the reaction chamber, so that the sealing performance of the device can be increased, and the reaction effect can be improved.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, the plasma torch cathode 2 and the plasma torch anode 3 are both provided with sockets, and the sockets are provided with a plurality of plasma torches, so that the heating in the reaction chamber is more uniform, and the reaction rate is increased.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, the inclination angle of the plasma torch cathode 2 to the corresponding plasma torch is 90 °, which can increase the contact area of the reaction at the plasma torch cathode 2.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in the present embodiment, the inclination angle of the plasma torch anode 3 and the corresponding plasma torch is 90 °, which can increase the contact area of the reaction at the plasma torch anode 3.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, in this embodiment, there are a plurality of the pulverized coal nozzles 7, and the plurality of the pulverized coal nozzles 7 are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the reactor body 1, so that the pulverized coal output is more uniform.
As shown in fig. 1-4, in this embodiment, the outlet of the hydrogen inlet pipe is provided with a plurality of hydrogen nozzles uniformly distributed, so that the working medium gas is more uniformly input and the reaction is more sufficient.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4 and fig. 5, in this embodiment, a quenching nozzle is connected to the quencher 9 to enhance the cooling effect.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, in the present embodiment, the number of the plasma torch cathode 2 and the plasma torch anode 3 is 4, so that the reaction can be heated more uniformly.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the first fixing element 51 and the second fixing element 52 both include adjustable components, which are convenient for installation and disassembly.
In order to facilitate further understanding of the above technical solutions, the working principle thereof will now be explained:
as shown in fig. 1, when the reactor works, working medium gas enters a reaction cavity of the reactor body 1 from the hydrogen gas inlet pipe 6, the working medium gas can also adopt hydrocarbon rich in hydrogen, such as methane, and the pulverized coal nozzle 7 conveys pulverized coal required by the reaction into the reaction cavity. The power supply is started, a plurality of equi-electronic arcs are generated between the plasma torch cathode 2 and the plasma torch anode 3, so that a plurality of vertically distributed high-temperature areas are formed in the reaction cavity of the reaction bin 1, coal dust particles entering the reaction cavity from the coal dust nozzle 7 can participate in a cracking reaction through the plurality of high-temperature areas, and the plurality of vertically arranged high-temperature areas prolong the time of the coal dust particles passing through plasma jet, so that the coal dust particles are uniformly mixed, fully reacted, high in coal dust conversion rate, more beneficial to the generation of acetylene, capable of avoiding the coking of the reaction cavity and capable of stably running for a long time; cooling water is introduced into the cooling water pipe, the reaction product is further separated after being cooled by the quencher 9, and undissolved gas is discharged from the mixed gas outlet 11 and enters the subsequent separation and purification procedures.
As shown in fig. 1-3, in a specific application, the liquid seal layer 10 can absorb impurities generated by the reaction, and can effectively improve the solid-liquid separation efficiency, thereby improving the quality of acetylene production, and after the reaction is finished, the impurities can be discharged from the solid-liquid mixture outlet 12. The highest average temperature of high-temperature plasma jet generated by the plasma torch anode 3 and the plasma torch cathode 2 is more than 3000K, the coal powder sprayed out of the coal powder nozzle 7 falls into a high-temperature jet area and is mixed with high-temperature gas, and the coal powder flows into the reaction cavity along with the gas and is mixed with quenching liquid to flow to a mixture outlet; the time of the coal powder from entering the high-temperature jet zone to the mixed gas outlet 11 is 2-7 milliseconds, in the process, the coal powder is rapidly heated, pyrolyzed and releases volatile matters, the chemical thermodynamic equilibrium of a C-H system is achieved at the mixed gas outlet 11 (solid carbon is not considered), the average gas temperature is 1700K-2000K, the coal powder is rapidly cooled by the quencher 9, products such as acetylene, ethylene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and other C-H compounds are harvested, and the gas is discharged through the mixed gas outlet 11.
As shown in fig. 4, in the reaction device for producing acetylene by coal pyrolysis through thermal plasma, the plasma torch anode 3 is added on the side wall of the reactor body 1, the plasma torch cathode 2 is added on the top of the reactor body 1, and the addition of the plasma torch anode 3 and the plasma torch cathode 2 can increase the area of a high-temperature jet zone, so that the contact area with pulverized coal is larger in the process, and the yield of acetylene can be greatly improved.
As shown in FIG. 5, the thermal plasma coal cracking acetylene reaction device adopts annular gap type quenching at the quencher 9, which can solve the problem that reactants in the central area cannot be rapidly cooled after the device is amplified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, for example, it may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be connected through the inside of two elements or in an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically defined, and the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "component" a "and" component "and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
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| CN202022361322.2U CN214051595U (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2020-10-22 | Plasma pyrolysis coal-to-acetylene reaction device |
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| CN202022361322.2U CN214051595U (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2020-10-22 | Plasma pyrolysis coal-to-acetylene reaction device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114345263A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-15 | 内蒙古金科发新材料科技有限公司 | Thermal plasma reactor protection device |
| CN116966855A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-10-31 | 苏州何洛清洁能源科技研究院有限公司 | Multifunctional plasma cracking reaction chamber device |
| CN119455859A (en) * | 2024-10-23 | 2025-02-18 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | A plasma graded purification treatment system for recycled carbon black from waste tires |
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2020
- 2020-10-22 CN CN202022361322.2U patent/CN214051595U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114345263A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-15 | 内蒙古金科发新材料科技有限公司 | Thermal plasma reactor protection device |
| CN114345263B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2024-04-23 | 内蒙古金科发新材料科技有限公司 | Thermal plasma reactor protection device |
| CN116966855A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-10-31 | 苏州何洛清洁能源科技研究院有限公司 | Multifunctional plasma cracking reaction chamber device |
| CN119455859A (en) * | 2024-10-23 | 2025-02-18 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | A plasma graded purification treatment system for recycled carbon black from waste tires |
| CN119455859B (en) * | 2024-10-23 | 2025-11-18 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | A plasma-based graded purification system for recycled carbon black from waste tires |
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