CN215799338U - Steam plasma injection device suitable for gasification furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a steam plasma injection device suitable for a gasification furnace, which comprises an air distribution plate arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace; a plurality of wind caps are arranged on the wind distribution plate; the mixing chamber is communicated with a plurality of blast caps through pipelines; the plasma generator is communicated with the mixing chamber; the cathode and the anode are arranged on the plasma generator; the water vapor access pipe is communicated with the plasma generator; the high-pressure air pipe is communicated with the mixing chamber and conveys high-pressure air flow; plasma electric arc is generated between a cathode and an anode, water vapor input through a water vapor access pipe is used as a medium to generate water vapor plasma flame at an outlet of the anode and then enters a mixing chamber, and the water vapor plasma active groups formed after the water vapor plasma flame is mixed with preheated high-pressure airflow conveyed by a high-pressure air pipe in the mixing chamber are sent to a plurality of air caps through pipelines to be sprayed into the gasification furnace. Therefore, the gasification effect can be improved, and the discharged bottom slag reduction rate is reduced.

Description

Steam plasma injection device suitable for gasification furnace

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of treatment of incineration type dangerous wastes, in particular to a water vapor plasma injection device suitable for a gasification furnace.

Background

At present, the mainstream method for treating hazardous waste of incineration in China is a rotary kiln, and the kiln has the phenomena of low combustion temperature, high secondary waste (fly ash and bottom slag), high dioxin content, high total smoke quantity, high operation cost and the like. Compared with the incineration technology, the gasification furnace technology is taken as the hot spot technology for treating hazardous waste at present, and a great amount of attempts and applications are obtained in engineering application.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the utility model and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a steam plasma injection device suitable for a gasification furnace, which improves the gasification effect and reduces the reduction rate of discharged bottom slag by injecting high-temperature and high-efficiency plasma active groups into a slag layer and an oxide layer in the gasification furnace.

In order to achieve the aim, the utility model provides a water vapor plasma injection device suitable for a gasification furnace, which is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace, and comprises an air distribution plate, a plurality of air caps, a mixing chamber, a plasma generator, a cathode, an anode, a water vapor access pipe and a high-pressure air pipe; the air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace; a plurality of wind caps are arranged on the wind distribution plate; the mixing chamber is communicated with a plurality of blast caps through pipelines; the plasma generator is communicated with the mixing chamber; the cathode and the anode are arranged on the plasma generator; the water vapor access pipe is communicated with the plasma generator; the high-pressure air pipe is communicated with the mixing chamber and conveys high-pressure air flow; plasma electric arc is generated between a cathode and an anode, water vapor input through a water vapor access pipe is used as a medium to generate water vapor plasma flame at an outlet of the anode and then enters a mixing chamber, and the water vapor plasma active groups formed after the water vapor plasma flame is mixed with preheated high-pressure airflow conveyed by a high-pressure air pipe in the mixing chamber are sent to a plurality of air caps through pipelines to be sprayed into the gasification furnace.

In a preferred embodiment, high frequency triggered or contact arcing is used between the cathode and the anode.

In a preferred embodiment, the gasifier includes a base and a grate; the base is covered on the wind distribution plate, and the plurality of wind cap parts are arranged within the covering range of the base; the grate is arranged on the base.

In a preferred embodiment, a slag layer, an oxidation layer and a dry pyrolysis layer formed by burning dangerous wastes are stacked on a grate in a gasification furnace from bottom to top; wherein the fire grate is in a conical cylinder structure, and the upper part of the fire grate extends into the slag layer.

In a preferred embodiment, the high temperature and high activation water vapor plasma active groups are injected into the slag layer through a plurality of air caps, and unburnt materials in the slag layer are further reacted after being contacted with the high temperature and high activation water vapor plasma active groups.

In a preferred embodiment, the high temperature highly activated water vapor plasma reactive groups further can penetrate to the oxide layer and further promote combustion of the oxide layer.

In a preferred embodiment, the gasification furnace further comprises an ash falling pipe, the top end of the ash falling pipe is communicated with the center of the bottom of the base, the bottom of the base comprises a funnel structure, and residues of the incineration type hazardous wastes processed by the gasification furnace are collected to the center of the bottom of the base through the funnel structure and finally discharged through the ash falling pipe.

In a preferred embodiment, the gasification furnace further includes a refractory provided at a lower portion of the furnace wall of the gasification furnace, and the refractory surrounds the base and the grate.

Compared with the prior art, the water vapor plasma injection device suitable for the gasification furnace has the following beneficial effects: the scheme can generate steam plasma, a large amount of high-temperature and high-activation plasma radicals are mixed with high-pressure air and conveyed, and then are injected into a slag layer and an oxidation layer inside the gasification furnace, so that the oxidation reaction is greatly promoted, the burnout rate of the system is improved, the generation of secondary wastes is reduced, and the reduction rate of bottom slag can be reduced to below 1%. Compared with the conventional air plasma torch, the water vapor plasma has the specific advantage that secondary pollution such as nitrogen oxide is not generated. The water vapor plasma can generate active groups with higher enthalpy, the temperature of the water vapor plasma is as high as 5000 ℃, any organic or biological material can be destroyed, most of highly toxic substances are safely treated, and most of high-temperature-resistant inorganic compounds are melted and even evaporated to realize the large-scale volume reduction and harmless treatment of wastes. The hydrogen source in the water vapor plasma torch inhibits the formation of gaseous sulfur, phosphorus and free chlorine, and greatly reduces the difficulty of tail gas treatment. The high-temperature high-activation plasma radicals generated by the device are mixed and directly fed into the gasification furnace, so that the heat transfer efficiency is high, and the energy consumption is reduced. According to the requirements of working conditions, the input energy and the air supply quantity are controlled, the temperature field and the flow field in the gasification furnace can be adjusted as required, and the adaptability is wider.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a water vapor plasma injection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the main reference numerals:

1-gasification furnace; 2-drying the pyrolysis layer; 3-an oxide layer; 4-slag layer; 5-a mixing chamber; 6-a cathode; 7-a plasma generator; 8-an anode; 9-a grate; 10-a base; 11-refractory material; 12-a hood; 13-ash falling pipe; 14-air distribution plate; 15-water vapor access pipe, 16-high pressure air pipe.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.

As shown in fig. 1, a water vapor plasma injection device suitable for a gasification furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is disposed at the bottom of the gasification furnace 1, and mainly includes a wind distribution plate 14, a plurality of wind caps 12, a mixing chamber 5, a plasma generator 7, a cathode 6 and an anode 8, a water vapor inlet pipe 15, a high pressure wind pipe 16, and the like.

Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the air distribution plate 14 is disposed at the bottom of the gasification furnace 1. A plurality of hoods 12 are provided on the grid plate 14. The mixing chamber 5 communicates with a plurality of hoods 12 through pipes. The plasma generator 7 communicates with the mixing chamber 5. The cathode 6 and the anode 8 are disposed on the plasma generator 7. The water vapor inlet pipe 15 is communicated with the plasma generator 7. A high pressure air duct 16 communicates with the mixing chamber 5 and delivers a high pressure air flow. Plasma electric arcs are generated between the cathode 6 and the anode 8, water vapor input through the water vapor access pipe 15 is used as a medium to generate water vapor plasma flame at the outlet of the anode 8, then the water vapor plasma flame enters the mixing chamber 5, and the water vapor plasma active groups formed after the water vapor plasma flame is mixed with preheated high-pressure air flow conveyed by the high-pressure air pipe 16 in the mixing chamber 5 are conveyed to the plurality of air caps 12 through pipelines and are sprayed into the gasification furnace 1. High frequency trigger arcing or contact arcing is adopted between the cathode 6 and the anode 8.

In some embodiments, the gasifier 1 includes a base 10 and a grate 9. The base 10 is covered on the wind distribution plate 14, and the plurality of wind caps 12 are arranged within the covering range of the base 10. The grate 9 is disposed on a base 10. A slag layer 4, an oxidation layer 3 and a dry pyrolysis layer 2 formed by burning dangerous waste are stacked on a grate 9 in a gasification furnace 1 from bottom to top. Wherein the fire grate 9 is in a cone cylinder structure, and the upper part of the fire grate 9 extends into the slag layer 4.

In some embodiments, the high temperature highly activated water vapor plasmonic active groups are injected into the slag layer 4 by the plurality of hoods 12 and the unburned materials in the slag layer 4 will further react upon contact with the high temperature highly activated water vapor plasmonic active groups. More recently, the high temperature highly activated water vapor plasma reactive groups further can penetrate to the oxide layer 3 and further promote the further combustion of the oxide layer 3.

In some embodiments, the gasification furnace 1 further includes an ash dropping pipe 13 and a refractory material 11, a top end of the ash dropping pipe 13 is communicated with a bottom center of the base 10, a bottom of the base 10 includes a funnel structure, and residue after the incineration-type hazardous waste is treated by the gasification furnace 1 is collected to the bottom center of the base 10 through the funnel structure and is finally discharged through the ash dropping pipe 13. The refractory 11 is provided at the lower part of the furnace wall of the gasification furnace 1, and the refractory 11 is surrounded around the base 10 and the grate 9. The refractory material 11 is capable of raising the heat-resistant temperature and corrosion resistance of the furnace wall.

In some embodiments, the basic operation principle of the water vapor plasma injection device suitable for the gasification furnace of the present invention is as follows:

conventionally, after feeding from the top, the incineration hazardous waste in the gasification furnace 1 forms a dry pyrolysis layer 2, an oxidation layer 3, a slag layer 4 and other cross sections from top to bottom. A high-temperature-resistant and high-strength grate 9 is arranged below the slag layer 4, and large blocks of coked materials can be crushed by rotation; the grate 9 is mounted on a base 10. The side wall of the furnace body adopts a refractory material 11 mode to improve the high temperature resistance and the corrosion resistance of the furnace wall. An air distribution plate 14 is arranged below the fire grate 9; the hood 12 is arranged above the grid plate 14. Usually, a high-frequency triggering arc starting or contact arc starting mode is adopted to generate a plasma arc between the cathode 6 and the anode 8; at this time, water vapor as a medium enters the plasma generator 7 from the water vapor inlet pipe 15, and a water vapor plasma flame is generated at the outlet of the anode 8. The plasma generator 7 generates high-temperature and high-activation water vapor plasma active groups, then the active groups enter the mixing cavity 5, and high-pressure air is injected by a high-pressure air supply device; the preheated high-pressure air (150 ℃ and 200m/s speed) is mixed with the high-temperature steam plasma jet in the mixing chamber 5, and then enters the slag layer 4 through the blast pipe and the blast cap 12. The unburned materials in the slag layer 4 are contacted with mixed air containing high-temperature high-activation water vapor plasma groups, and then further react, so that the burnout rate is improved. And in the position with a large gap, high-pressure mixed air can upwards permeate the oxide layer 3, so that the oxidation combustion reaction is aggravated, and the combustion effect is improved in a short residence time. After the slag layer 4 stays for a certain time, the processed materials fall into the bottom through the ash falling pipe 13, are collected by the collecting device and then enter the ton bag; and the smoke generated after gasification is discharged from the smoke outlet.

In summary, the steam plasma injection device suitable for the gasification furnace of the present invention has the following advantages: the scheme can generate steam plasma, a large amount of high-temperature and high-activation plasma radicals are mixed with high-pressure air and conveyed, and then are injected into a slag layer and an oxidation layer inside the gasification furnace, so that the oxidation reaction is greatly promoted, the burnout rate of the system is improved, the generation of secondary wastes is reduced, and the reduction rate of bottom slag can be reduced to below 1%. Compared with the conventional air plasma torch, the water vapor plasma has the specific advantage that secondary pollution such as nitrogen oxide is not generated. The water vapor plasma can generate active groups with higher enthalpy, the temperature of the water vapor plasma is as high as 5000 ℃, any organic or biological material can be destroyed, most of highly toxic substances are safely treated, and most of high-temperature-resistant inorganic compounds are melted and even evaporated to realize the large-scale volume reduction and harmless treatment of wastes. The hydrogen source in the water vapor plasma torch inhibits the formation of gaseous sulfur, phosphorus and free chlorine, and greatly reduces the difficulty of tail gas treatment. The high-temperature high-activation plasma radicals generated by the device are mixed and directly fed into the gasification furnace, so that the heat transfer efficiency is high, and the energy consumption is reduced. According to the requirements of working conditions, the input energy and the air supply quantity are controlled, the temperature field and the flow field in the gasification furnace can be adjusted as required, and the adaptability is wider.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the utility model to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the utility model and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the utility model and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the utility model be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A water vapor plasma injection device suitable for a gasification furnace, which is provided at a bottom of the gasification furnace, characterized by comprising:

the air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace;

a plurality of hoods disposed on the grid plate;

a mixing chamber in communication with the plurality of hoods by a conduit;

a plasma generator in communication with the mixing chamber;

a cathode and an anode disposed on the plasma generator;

a water vapor inlet pipe which is communicated with the plasma generator; and

the high-pressure air pipe is communicated with the mixing chamber and conveys high-pressure air flow;

and the water vapor input through the water vapor access pipe is used as a medium to generate water vapor plasma flame at an outlet of the anode and then enters the mixing chamber, and the water vapor plasma flame is mixed with preheated high-pressure airflow conveyed by the high-pressure air pipe in the mixing chamber to form high-temperature and high-activation water vapor plasma active groups, and the high-temperature and high-activation water vapor plasma active groups are conveyed to the plurality of air caps through pipelines and are sprayed into the gasification furnace.

2. The steam plasma injection apparatus for gasification furnaces as claimed in claim 1, wherein high frequency ignition or contact ignition is employed between the cathode and the anode.

3. The steam plasma injection apparatus for a gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the gasification furnace comprises:

the base is covered on the wind distribution plate, and the plurality of wind cap parts are arranged within the covering range of the base; and

a grate disposed on the base.

4. The steam plasma injecting apparatus for a gasification furnace according to claim 3, wherein a slag layer, an oxidation layer and a dry pyrolysis layer formed by incinerating hazardous waste are stacked on said grate in said gasification furnace from bottom to top;

wherein the fire grate is in a conical cylinder structure, and the upper part of the fire grate extends into the slag layer.

5. The steam plasma injection device suitable for the gasification furnace according to claim 4, wherein the high temperature and high activation steam plasma active groups are injected into the slag layer through the plurality of hoods, and unburnt materials in the slag layer are further reacted after contacting with the high temperature and high activation steam plasma active groups.

6. The steam plasma injection apparatus for a gasification furnace according to claim 4, wherein the high temperature highly activated steam plasma reactive groups further penetrate into the oxidized layer and promote further combustion of the oxidized layer.

7. The steam plasma injection apparatus for gasification furnace according to claim 4, wherein the gasification furnace further comprises an ash dropping pipe, the top end of the ash dropping pipe is communicated with the bottom center of the base, the bottom of the base comprises a funnel structure, and the residue after the incineration type hazardous waste is treated by the gasification furnace is collected to the bottom center of the base through the funnel structure and finally discharged through the ash dropping pipe.

8. The steam plasma injection apparatus for a gasification furnace according to claim 3, wherein the gasification furnace further comprises a refractory material provided at a lower portion of a furnace wall of the gasification furnace, the refractory material being enclosed around the base and the grate.

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