CN109647849B - Waste incineration waste gas and fly ash cooperative treatment system - Google Patents
Waste incineration waste gas and fly ash cooperative treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109647849B CN109647849B CN201811489171.XA CN201811489171A CN109647849B CN 109647849 B CN109647849 B CN 109647849B CN 201811489171 A CN201811489171 A CN 201811489171A CN 109647849 B CN109647849 B CN 109647849B
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940116007 ferrous phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000155 iron(II) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SDEKDNPYZOERBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(ii) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SDEKDNPYZOERBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 19
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 7
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 7
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a co-processing system of waste incineration exhaust gas and fly ash, which comprises a cooling tower, a bag-type dust remover, an absorption tower, a washing tank, a fly ash collector, a water washing tank, a drying box, a granulator, a melting tank and a cooling tank, wherein the cooling tower, the bag-type dust remover, the absorption tower and the washing tank are sequentially connected with an incinerator smoke exhaust cylinder; the cooling tower and the bag-type dust collector are both connected with a lime water storage bin and an active carbon bin, and the bag-type dust collector is connected with an air compressor; and a washing liquid with the volume ratio of 1:2-2.5 to the flue gas is arranged in the washing tank. The invention has the advantages of capability of cooperatively treating waste gas and fly ash, low cost and good treatment effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a co-treatment system for waste gas and fly ash generated in garbage incineration.
Background
In recent years, the burning treatment of the domestic garbage has the characteristics of large reduction, high resource utilization rate and the like, and thus the domestic garbage is more and more concerned. However, toxic smoke, bottom slag and fly ash are generated in the process of waste incineration treatment, which restricts the popularization and application of the technology. Therefore, the pollution control of waste incineration is a hot spot for research in the field of environmental engineering. The yield of the fly ash is about 2% -5% of the quality of the household garbage, and the fly ash not only contains high-concentration heavy metal pollutants such as Pb, Hg, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni and Cr, but also contains organic pollutants such as dioxin, so that the waste incineration fly ash is listed in a dangerous waste list (HW 18). The waste incineration fly ash has extremely strong teratogenic and carcinogenic toxicity, and once being randomly discharged into the environment, the hazard of the waste incineration fly ash is self-evident.
At present, the innocent treatment technology of the waste incineration fly ash comprises melting/glass solidification, cement solidification, a chemical stabilization method, an acid or other solvent extraction method and the like. In the prior art, the chinese patent application publication No. CN102173721A discloses a waste incineration fly ash consolidation agent and a method for consolidating waste incineration fly ash, and the present invention has the advantage of reducing the leaching toxicity of heavy metals in fly ash. But the performance of the asphalt is reduced in practical use, and on the other hand, a small amount of heavy metal is leaked to cause secondary pollution.
The waste gas generated in the waste incineration is mainly acid gas, such as CO, NOX, SO2, HCl and the like, in the prior art, the Chinese patent document with the application publication number of CN104896488A discloses a system for treating waste gas generated in the waste incineration.
The prior method for treating waste gas and fly ash from waste incineration has the following defects: 1. the cooperativity is poor, and the waste incineration waste gas and fly ash treatment projects of the waste incineration plants are completed independently; 2. the treatment cost is high, and the waste incineration fly ash treatment method mainly realizes landfill after solidification, thus having large occupied area and higher treatment cost; 3. the treatment effect is low, and the incineration waste gas is directly discharged after treatment, so that the damage to the nearby environment is caused; the solidification effect of the fly ash is poor, and the heavy metal and dioxin in the fly ash are not completely separated, so that the fly ash has potential risks to the environment around a landfill. In a long-term landfill treatment, heavy metals and dioxin in the fly ash are percolated into the environment again, causing secondary pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide a system for co-processing waste incineration gas and fly ash, which has the advantages of co-processing waste incineration gas and fly ash, low processing cost and good processing effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a co-processing system of waste incineration exhaust gas and fly ash comprises a cooling tower connected with an incinerator smoke exhaust pipe, a bag-type dust remover connected with the cooling tower, and a washing tank connected with an absorption tower connected with the bag-type dust remover and the absorption tower, wherein fly ash of the cooling tower and the bag-type dust remover is introduced into a fly ash collector positioned below the cooling tower through pipelines, the fly ash in the fly ash collector enters water in a washing tank through a pipeline, the washed fly ash enters a drying box through a pipeline, heat in the cooling tower enters the drying box through a pipeline, the dried fly ash enters a granulator through a pipeline, is granulated in the granulator, and is conveyed into a melting tank for melting treatment;
introducing flue gas generated in the melting tank into an incinerator for secondary treatment, introducing fly ash generated in the melting tank into a cooling tank connected with the melting tank, and connecting an additive bin on a granulator for introducing additives into the granulator;
the cooling tower and the bag-type dust collector are both connected with a lime water storage bin and an active carbon bin, and the bag-type dust collector is connected with an air compressor;
and a washing liquid with the volume ratio of 1:2-2.5 to the flue gas is arranged in the washing tank.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the incineration flue gas is cooled by the cooling tower, the cooling treatment can separate acidic substances in the flue gas from the flue gas, the flying ash containing the acidic substances is separated from the flue gas into the flying ash collector, the flying ash and solid particles in the flue gas are separated again by the bag-type dust collector, and the dust cake adhered to the bag-type dust collector contains a large amount of slaked lime and active carbon, which can continuously perform neutralization reaction with acidic pollutants in the flue gas, adsorb heavy metals and dioxin, absorb the acidic pollutants again, and then the flue gas enters the absorption tower from the bottom of the absorption tower, so that the gas-liquid contact area can be increased, the treatment time of the flue gas is prolonged, the flue gas can be fully reacted in the absorption tower, the flue gas is washed, the flue gas washed by the absorption tower enters the washing tank, and the washing liquid in the washing tank can re-react the heavy metal ions in the flue gas again, Absorbing acidic pollutants and pollutants which are easy to dissolve in water to obtain gas with a composite emission standard; the fly ash collected in the fly ash collector can remove organic matters which are easy to dissolve in water through water washing, then the drying box is dried by using heat in the cooling tower, the energy utilization rate is improved, the operation cost of a system is reduced, the fly ash and the additive are mixed and granulated by using a granulator, then, the fly ash and the additive are melted to obtain harmless slag, the slag can be used as a building material, the fly ash subjected to melting treatment has no environmental hazard, does not need to be buried, cannot cause secondary damage to the environment, and the waste gas and the fly ash generated by incineration are treated simultaneously, so that the fly ash and the waste gas are synergistic, the treatment cost is low, and the treatment effect is good.
Further, the washing liquid comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 26-38 parts of water, 1.5-2.2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 2.1-2.6 parts of natural plant liquid deodorant, 1.2-1.8 parts of sodium hypochlorite, 1.6-1.9 parts of sodium hydroxide, 0.8-1.2 parts of trisodium phosphate and 0.9-1.5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the flue gas contains more acidic gases such as CO, NOX, SO2, HCl and the like, the acidic gases in the flue gas need to be neutralized by using a solution containing alkaline substances, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide all belong to alkaline substances and can neutralize the acidic gases, trisodium phosphate and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid can generate a complex reaction with metal ions to separate the metal ions from the flue gas, and the natural plant deodorant solution can remove peculiar smell in the flue gas, SO that the flue gas purification effect is achieved.
Further, the additive comprises the following components: 0.8-1.6 parts of ferrous phosphate, 0.2-0.6 part of calcium oxide, 2.1-3.1 parts of sodium silicate, 0.2-0.5 part of organic sulfur TMT-15, 1.3-1.6 parts of diatomite and 0.5-0.9 part of activated carbon.
By adopting the technical scheme, the organic sulfur TMT-15 is used and can chelate with heavy metal ions in the fly ash to convert the heavy metal ions in the fly ash into insoluble compounds, so that the fly ash is stable, the release of pollutants in the fly ash is reduced, the fly ash is solidified by using ferrous phosphate and calcium oxide through a compact mesh cement, the wrapping effect on the fly ash is realized, the pollutants in the fly ash are passivated, the strength and the environmental erosion resistance of the fly ash are improved, meanwhile, the calcium oxide can form precipitates with As in the fly ash, the ferrous phosphate can form precipitates with the heavy metals, the stabilization of the fly ash is realized, various additives are mixed with the fly ash together to perform solidification stabilization treatment on the fly ash, the release of pollutants in the fly ash is reduced, the environmental corrosion resistance of the fly ash is enhanced, the secondary pollution of the fly ash is avoided, and active carbon and diatomite with a porous structure are added, can adsorb the peculiar smell and dioxin of the fly ash, achieve the effect of purifying the fly ash and simultaneously increase the strength of the fly ash.
Further, the bottom of the water washing pool is connected with a carbon dioxide bubbling machine.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, owing to use carbon dioxide bubbling machine to let in the carbon dioxide bubble in the washing tank, can promote heavy metal ion's dissolution, improve the rate of recovery of heavy metal to the purification rate of increase fly ash.
Furthermore, a plurality of layers of grids are arranged in the absorption tower, a large number of acid and alkali resistant plastic balls with the diameter of 5-7cm are placed on the grids, and a plurality of layers of upper-spraying lower-spraying water nozzles are arranged in the tower.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the flue gas enters the absorption tower from the bottom of the tower, the flue gas can be fully contacted with the spray liquid sprayed on the plastic pellets from the top of the tower, and NO in the waste gasXHCl, dust and the like are absorbed into the spraying liquid, the contact area of gas and liquid is increased by the plastic balls, the contact time of the gas and the liquid is prolonged, and the reaction is fully carried out.
Furthermore, a urea solution storage tank is connected above the incinerator and used for spraying urea solution into the incinerator.
By adopting the technical scheme, the sprayed urea solution reacts with water and nitric oxide to finally produce nitrogen, and the specific reaction equation is as follows: (NH)2)2CO+H2O→2NH3+CO2，4NH3+4NO→4N2+6H2O, mainly denitrified to reduce NOXTo meet emission standards.
Further, the melting mode of the melting pool is plasma melting, a rotary kiln or a clinker furnace.
Furthermore, a heavy metal ion trapping agent with the mass ratio of 1:1.2-1.6 to the fly ash is added into the water washing tank.
By adopting the technical scheme, when fly ash enters the water washing tank for water washing, the heavy metal ion capture agent in the water washing tank can perform a chelating action with heavy metal ions in the fly ash, so that the heavy metal ions are converted into insoluble compounds, and are separated from the fly ash, and the release of pollutants in the fly ash is reduced.
Further, the mass ratio of the fly ash to the water in the water washing pool is 1:10-15, the water washing time is 20-30min, and the stirring speed is 300-300 r/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fly ash is introduced into the washing tank for washing, soluble salt and chloride ions in the fly ash can be removed by washing, the concentration of the soluble salt is reduced, and then the dissolution of heavy metal is reduced.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the waste gas and fly ash treatment system can simultaneously treat waste gas and fly ash, the waste gas treatment process and the fly ash treatment process are mutually cooperated, the treatment effect is good, the fly ash is subjected to melting treatment, no landfill is needed, the production cost is reduced, and the secondary pollution of the fly ash to the environment is avoided.
Secondly, the carbon dioxide bubbling machine is arranged in the washing tank, so that the dissolution of heavy metal ions can be increased, the recovery of the heavy metal ions is improved, and the purification effect is improved.
Thirdly, the drying box is dried by using the heat in the cooling tower, so that the energy is reasonably utilized, and the utilization rate of the energy is improved.
Fourthly, in the invention, the additive is added into the dried fly ash, so that the fly ash and the additive are blended and extruded, the fly ash can be solidified, heavy metal ions in the fly ash are converted into insoluble compounds, the release of pollutants in the fly ash is reduced, the strength and the environmental corrosion resistance of the fly ash are improved, the release of pollutants in the fly ash is reduced, the environmental corrosion resistance of the fly ash is enhanced, and the secondary pollution of the fly ash is avoided.
Fifthly, in the invention, the heavy metal ions in the fly ash can be chelated by adding the heavy metal ion catcher into the water washing pool, so that the heavy metal ions are converted into insoluble compounds, and are separated from the fly ash, thereby reducing the emission of pollutants in the fly ash.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for treating exhaust gas and fly ash provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.
Preparation examples 1 to 3 of washing solutions
Preparation example 1: putting 1.2 kg of sodium hypochlorite, 1.6 kg of sodium hydroxide and 26 kg of water into a reaction kettle, stirring and dissolving, then putting 1.5 kg of sodium bicarbonate and 2.1 kg of natural plant liquid deodorant into the reaction kettle, stirring and dissolving, and uniformly mixing, and finally adding 0.8 kg of trisodium phosphate and 0.9 kg of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid into the reaction kettle, and uniformly stirring and mixing.
Preparation example 2: putting 1.4 kg of sodium hypochlorite, 1.7 kg of sodium hydroxide and 32 kg of water into a reaction kettle, stirring and dissolving, then putting 1.9 kg of sodium bicarbonate and 2.4 kg of natural plant liquid deodorant into the reaction kettle, stirring and dissolving, and uniformly mixing, finally adding 1.0 kg of trisodium phosphate and 1.2 kg of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid into the reaction kettle, and uniformly stirring and mixing.
Preparation example 3: putting 1.8 kg of sodium hypochlorite, 1.9 kg of sodium hydroxide and 38 kg of water into a reaction kettle, stirring and dissolving, then putting 2.2 kg of sodium bicarbonate and 2.6 kg of natural plant liquid deodorant into the reaction kettle, stirring and dissolving, and uniformly mixing, and finally adding 1.2 kg of trisodium phosphate and 1.5 kg of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid into the reaction kettle, and uniformly stirring and mixing.
Examples
Example 1: a co-processing system of waste incineration waste gas and fly ash is disclosed, referring to fig. 1, a cooling tower connected with an incinerator, a bag-type dust remover, an absorption tower and a washing tank which are sequentially connected with the cooling tower, a fly ash collector connected with the cooling tower and the bag-type dust remover, a washing tank, a drying box, a granulator, a melting furnace and a cooling tank which are sequentially connected with the fly ash collector.
The incinerator is connected with a urea solution storage tank, the mass fraction of the urea solution in the urea solution storage tank is 40%, the urea solution is sprayed into the incinerator through a pipeline, flue gas generated in the incinerator enters a cooling tower through the pipeline, the cooling tower and a bag-type dust remover are both connected with a lime water storage bin and an active carbon bin through pipelines, and the bag-type dust remover is connected with an air compressor through a pipeline; constantly spray lime wash in to the cooling tower and on the sack cleaner to constantly drop into the active carbon, absorb the acidic material and the stink in the flue gas, provide compressed air in to the sack cleaner through the air compressor machine, help the sack cleaner to accomplish the effect of jetting deashing.
The absorption tower is a counter-flow type spray packing absorption tower, the absorption liquid is a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30% and a urea solution with the mass fraction of 37%, the packing is a Raschig ring, and the Raschig ring is a ceramic corrugated packing with the model number of 100y prepared by rain-bearing chemical industry Co., Ltd, Pingxiang; the bottom of the absorption tower is connected with a waste liquid tank for receiving waste liquid generated after spraying and washing flue gas, the flue gas washed by the absorption tower enters the bottom of a washing tank through a pipeline, and a washing liquid with the volume ratio of 1:2 to the flue gas is arranged in the washing tank, wherein the washing liquid is prepared by preparation example 1, the flue gas enters the washing tank, the washing liquid absorbs acidic substances, heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in the flue gas, and the washing liquid is prepared by preparation example 1; and detecting whether the smoke after being washed and absorbed by the washing tank meets the emission standard, if so, directly discharging, and if not, reintroducing the smoke into the incinerator for secondary treatment by using a pipeline.
The fly ash collected by the fly ash collector is introduced into a washing tank through a pipeline, the bottom of the washing tank is connected with a carbon dioxide bubbling machine, the fly ash after being washed in the washing tank is introduced into a drying box through a pipeline, the drying box is connected with a cooling tower through a pipeline, drying the washed fly ash by using the residual heat of the flue gas in the cooling tower, mixing the dried fly ash and the additive in the additive bin in a granulator according to the ratio of 1:1.57, preparing the fly ash and the additive into particles with the diameter of 35mm by the granulator, then conveying the particles into a melting furnace for melting treatment, obtaining slag with rough surface and more edges and corners after the fly ash is melted, feeding the waste gas generated in the melting process of the melting furnace into an incinerator through a pipeline, and treating again, wherein the fly ash generated by the melting furnace enters a cooling pool through a pipeline, and cooling to obtain the glass slag which is pollution-free and has a smooth and compact surface.
Wherein the mass ratio of the fly ash to the water in the water washing pool is 1:10, the water washing time is 20min, the stirring speed is 300 r/min, and the ratio of the amount of the carbon dioxide blown into the water washing pool by the carbon dioxide bubbler to the fly ash is 1L/min:1 Kg; the washing tank is internally added with a heavy metal ion trapping agent with the mass ratio of 1:1.2 to the fly ash, and the heavy metal ion trapping agent is a heavy metal ion trapping agent with the model of TMT-18F produced by Wuhan Boren Keddy science and technology Limited.
The additives in the additive bin are shown in table 1, and "parts" represents parts by weight.
The melting furnace is a plasma melting furnace, the melting temperature of the plasma melting furnace is 1800 ℃, and the cooling mode of the cooling pool is air cooling.
Examples 2 to 4: a waste incineration exhaust gas and fly ash treatment system is different from the system in example 1 in that the additive comprises the components and the parts by weight of the components are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Components and parts by weight of the Components contained in the additives of examples 1-4
Example 5: a waste incineration waste gas and fly ash treatment system is different from the embodiment 1 in that a washing liquid with the volume ratio of 1:2.3 to flue gas is arranged in a washing tank.
Example 6: a waste incineration waste gas and fly ash treatment system is different from the embodiment 1 in that a washing liquid with the volume ratio of 1:2.5 to flue gas is arranged in a washing tank.
Example 7: a waste incineration exhaust gas and fly ash treatment system, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that fly ash and additives are mixed in a granulator in a ratio of 1: 2.16.
Example 8: a waste incineration exhaust gas and fly ash treatment system, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that fly ash and additives are mixed in a granulator in a ratio of 1: 1.87.
Example 9: a waste incineration waste gas and fly ash treatment system is different from the embodiment 1 in that a washing liquid is prepared by the preparation example 2, the mass ratio of fly ash to water in a washing pool is 1:12, the washing time is 25min, the stirring speed is 350 r/min, and the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide blown into the washing pool by a carbon dioxide bubbler to the fly ash is 1L/min:5 Kg; the washing tank is internally added with a heavy metal ion trapping agent which is 1:1.3 of fly ash in mass ratio, the heavy metal ion trapping agent is a heavy metal ion trapping agent with the model of TMT-18F produced by Wuhan Boren Keddy science and technology Limited, the melting temperature of the plasma melting furnace is 1900 ℃, and the cooling mode of the cooling tank is water cooling.
Example 10: a waste incineration exhaust gas and fly ash treatment system is different from the embodiment 1 in that a washing liquid is prepared by the preparation example 3, the mass ratio of fly ash to water in a washing pool is 1:15, the washing time is 30min, the stirring speed is 400 r/min, and the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide blown into the washing pool by a carbon dioxide bubbler to the fly ash is 1L/min:10 Kg; the washing tank is internally added with a heavy metal ion trapping agent which is 1:1.5 in mass ratio to fly ash, the heavy metal ion trapping agent is a heavy metal ion trapping agent with the model of TMT-18F produced by Wuhan Boren Keddy science and technology Limited, the melting temperature of the plasma melting furnace is 2000 ℃, and the cooling mode of the cooling tank is liquid nitrogen cooling.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: a waste incineration waste gas and fly ash treatment system is different from the embodiment 1 in that a washing liquid with the volume ratio to flue gas of 1:1.7 is arranged in a washing tank.
Comparative example 2: a waste incineration waste gas and fly ash treatment system is different from the embodiment 1 in that a washing liquid with the volume ratio of 1:2.8 to flue gas is arranged in a washing tank.
Comparative example 3: a waste incineration exhaust gas and fly ash treatment system, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that fly ash and additives are mixed in a granulator in a ratio of 1: 1.27.
Comparative example 4: a waste incineration exhaust gas and fly ash treatment system, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that fly ash and additives are mixed in a granulator in a ratio of 1: 2.45.
Comparative example 5: a waste incineration exhaust gas and fly ash treatment system is different from that of example 1 in that a washing tank is not provided.
Performance test
The incineration exhaust gas and the fly ash are treated according to the treatment systems in the examples 1 to 10 and the comparative examples 1 to 5, the treated exhaust gas with the same volume is taken for detection, various pollutants are detected according to the method in GB 18485-2014' pollution control Standard for incineration of domestic garbage, the concentration mean value of the pollutants in the exhaust gas of the domestic garbage incinerator in one hour is taken as the emission standard, and the unit for removing the pollutants of dioxin is ngTEQ/m3Besides, the units of other pollutants are mg/m3，。
In which the nitrogen oxides are NO2In terms of Hg, Hg and compounds thereof, Cd + Tl, As, Ni and mixtures thereof, As + Ni, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 concentration values of pollutants in flue gas discharged in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the contents of various pollutants in the exhaust gases treated by the treatment systems in examples 1 to 10 are far lower than the emission standards in GB18485-2014 "pollution control Standard for incineration of municipal waste", while the contents of various pollutants in the exhaust gases treated by the treatment systems in comparative examples 1 to 5 are higher and exceed the emission standards in GB18485-2014 "pollution control Standard for incineration of municipal waste".
Incineration exhaust gas and fly ash were treated according to the treatment systems of examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5, molten slags of the same mass were taken, the types and amounts of heavy metals in the slags were measured by scanning inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), the leachate concentrations of heavy metals in the slags were measured according to the method of GB/T15555.1-15555.11 "method for measuring leaching toxicity of solid wastes", the limit values of leaching toxicity of solid wastes in GB/T5085.3-2007 "identification standard for identifying leaching toxicity of hazardous wastes" were used as standards, and the results of the measurements are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 results of slag examination in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the heavy metal leachate obtained by the treatment systems according to examples 1 to 10 each contained a concentration lower than the concentration limit in GB/T50568.3-2007 Standard for identification of hazardous waste Leaching toxicity identification, whereas the heavy metal leachate prepared by the treatment systems according to comparative examples 1 to 5 contained a concentration higher than the concentration limit in GB/T50568.3-2007 Standard for identification of hazardous waste Leaching toxicity identification, thereby indicating that fly ash can be treated by the treatment systems according to examples 1 to 10 to obtain harmless and pollution-free slag.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a system for coprocessing of waste incineration waste gas and flying ash which characterized in that:
comprises a cooling tower connected with an incinerator smoke exhaust cylinder, a bag-type dust remover connected with the cooling tower, an absorption tower connected with the bag-type dust remover and a washing tank connected with the absorption tower;
the fly ash of the cooling tower and the bag-type dust collector is introduced into a fly ash collector positioned below the cooling tower through pipelines, the fly ash in the fly ash collector enters water in a washing pool through the pipelines, the washed fly ash enters a drying box through the pipelines, heat in the cooling tower enters the drying box through the pipelines, the dried fly ash enters a granulator through the pipelines, is granulated in the granulator, and is conveyed into a melting pool for melting treatment;
introducing flue gas generated in the melting tank into an incinerator for secondary treatment, introducing fly ash generated in the melting tank into a cooling tank connected with the melting tank, and connecting an additive bin on a granulator for introducing additives into the granulator;
a plurality of layers of grids are arranged in the absorption tower, a large number of acid and alkali resistant plastic balls with the diameter of 5-7cm are placed on the grids, and a plurality of layers of upper-spraying lower-spraying water nozzles are arranged in the tower;
the washing pool is internally provided with washing liquid with the volume ratio of 1:2-2.5 to the flue gas, and the washing liquid comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 26-38 parts of water, 1.5-2.2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 2.1-2.6 parts of a natural plant liquid deodorant, 1.2-1.8 parts of sodium hypochlorite, 1.6-1.9 parts of sodium hydroxide, 0.8-1.2 parts of trisodium phosphate and 0.9-1.5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid;
a urea solution storage tank is connected above the incinerator and used for spraying urea solution into the incinerator;
the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.6 parts of ferrous phosphate, 0.2-0.6 part of calcium oxide, 2.1-3.1 parts of sodium silicate, 0.2-0.5 part of organic sulfur TMT-15, 1.3-1.6 parts of diatomite and 0.5-0.9 part of activated carbon; a heavy metal ion trapping agent with the mass ratio of 1:1.2-1.6 to the fly ash is added into the washing tank;
the fly ash and the additive are mixed in the granulator according to the proportion of 1:2.16 or the fly ash and the additive are mixed in the granulator according to the proportion of 1: 1.87.
2. The cooperative processing system for waste incineration exhaust gas and fly ash according to claim 1, wherein a carbon dioxide bubbling machine is connected to the bottom of the washing tank.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the melting tank is a plasma melting, rotary kiln or frit furnace.
4. The cooperative processing system for waste incineration exhaust gas and fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of fly ash to water in the water washing tank is 1:10-15, the water washing time is 20-30min, and the stirring speed is 300 r/min.
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| CN114210716B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-12-13 | 浙江大学 | Method for efficiently solidifying heavy metal in waste incineration fly ash and synergistically fixing carbon |
| CN114535247A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-27 | 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 | Hazardous waste incineration ash and slag cooperative plasma melting and recycling system and method |
| CN114849445A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-08-05 | 孙刚 | Method for cooperating pretreatment of industrial solid waste and carbon capture of flue gas |
| CN115532773A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2022-12-30 | 浙江建投环保工程有限公司 | Method for fixing heavy metals in incineration fly ash |
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