CN111548007A - Fly ash disposal method - Google Patents

Fly ash disposal method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111548007A
CN111548007A CN202010269113.7A CN202010269113A CN111548007A CN 111548007 A CN111548007 A CN 111548007A CN 202010269113 A CN202010269113 A CN 202010269113A CN 111548007 A CN111548007 A CN 111548007A
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fly ash
disposal method
treatment
ash disposal
slag
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CN111548007B (en
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陈德喜
高术杰
姚建明
李兴杰
刘霞
唐续龙
胡立琼
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C1/00Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
    • C03C1/002Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/48Sulfur dioxide; Sulfurous acid
    • C01B17/50Preparation of sulfur dioxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B9/00General methods of preparing halides
    • C01B9/02Chlorides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C1/00Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fly ash disposal method. The fly ash disposal method comprises the following steps: mixing fly ash and a silicon-containing raw material, and carrying out melting treatment to obtain a mixed melt and smoke dust, wherein the mixed melt comprises a slag layer and a molten salt layer; collecting the slag layer and carrying out first cooling treatment to obtain glass slag; and collecting the molten salt layer and carrying out second cooling treatment to obtain the chlorine salt. The fly ash disposal method realizes harmless treatment and resource utilization of the hazardous waste fly ash, and has obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit.

Description

Fly ash disposal method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a fly ash treatment method.
Background
The existing fly ash melting technology generally transfers chlorine element and sulfur element in fly ash to flue gas for disposal, thus greatly increasing the burden of flue gas disposal and easily causing corrosion and blockage of flue gas pipelines. The method for treating fly ash from waste incineration by plasma torch comprises directly melting fly ash and other silicon-containing waste, introducing Cl and S into flue gas, separating Cl element with heat exchanger, and introducing the residual flue gas into SO2The recovery unit of (1); patent CN206252987U (HCl gas recovery device) converts HCl gas generated by a fly ash plasma melting disposal system into hydrochloric acid, and also realizes the recycling of Cl element in the tail gas; patent CN107089795A (a method for electrode melting treatment and resource utilization of fly ash from incineration of household garbage) adopts a cold top electric melting furnace technology to treat fly ash, and the products are heavy melting liquid, high boiling point substances of light melting liquid and low boiling point substances of light melting liquid. According to the provided smoke components, SO in fly ash is shown2The concentration is only dozens of milligrams per cubic meter, and most of S elements enter the glass slag to influence the product quality; high boiling point substances in the light molten liquid are buried, and resource utilization is not realized; the low boiling point substance enters the deacidification tower, and the resource utilization of the acid gas is not realized.
In conclusion, the prior art only carries out melting treatment on the fly ash, and does not solve the problem of secondary pollution generated by the fly ash; or secondary pollutants are sent to the flue gas purification system, and stable and continuous operation of engineering projects is difficult to realize due to complex flue gas components. Thus, existing fly ash disposal techniques remain to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, it is an object of the invention to propose a fly ash disposal method. The fly ash disposal method realizes harmless treatment and resource utilization of the hazardous waste fly ash, and has obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit.
In one aspect of the invention, a fly ash disposal method is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the fly ash disposal method comprises: mixing fly ash and a silicon-containing raw material, and carrying out melting treatment to obtain a mixed melt and smoke dust, wherein the mixed melt comprises a slag layer and a molten salt layer; collecting the slag layer and carrying out first cooling treatment to obtain glass slag; and collecting the molten salt layer and carrying out second cooling treatment to obtain the chlorine salt.
According to the fly ash disposal method of the embodiment of the invention, firstly, the fly ash is mixed with the raw material containing silicon, and the mixture is supplied to a melting device (such as an electric melting furnace, an electric furnace and the like) for melting treatment, so that a mixed melt and sulfur-containing smoke dust are obtained. Under the action of the raw materials containing silicon, the mixed melt is layered into a slag layer and a molten salt layer which can be discharged from corresponding outlets of the melting equipment respectively. Furthermore, the materials in the molten slag layer are collected and subjected to a first cooling treatment, the obtained glass slag can be used as building raw materials and the like, and the materials in the molten salt layer are collected and subjected to a second cooling treatment, and the obtained chlorine salt can be used as chemical raw materials and the like. Therefore, by adopting the method to treat the fly ash, the heavy metal in the fly ash is solidified in the glass slag, and the dioxin is thoroughly decomposed, so that the harmless treatment and resource utilization of the fly ash are realized through the directional separation of the molten slag and the molten salt; on the other hand, the sulfur in the fly ash is transferred to the smoke dust, and then the liquid SO can be recovered2And the resource utilization of sulfur in the fly ash is realized.
In addition, the fly ash disposal method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the siliceous raw material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of silica sand, vitreous slag, siliceous metallurgical slag, siliceous tailings.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the fly ash in the mixture of the fly ash and the siliceous material is not less than 50%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the melt processing is performed at 1200 to 1500 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the first cooling process is air cooling or water quenching.
In some embodiments of the invention, the second cooling process is air cooling.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fly ash disposal method further comprises: performing dust removal treatment on the smoke dust to obtain smoke and secondary fly ash; and returning the secondary fly ash to be mixed with the silicon-containing raw material, and carrying out the melting treatment.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fly ash disposal method further comprises: carrying out first washing treatment on the flue gas to obtain SO2Gas and saline wastewater.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fly ash disposal method further comprises: to the SO2Drying and compressing the gas to obtain SO2A liquid.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fly ash disposal method further comprises: and when the heavy metal content in the secondary fly ash reaches a preset concentration, collecting the secondary fly ash in an open circuit mode.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fly ash disposal method further comprises: and carrying out second washing treatment on the collected secondary fly ash to obtain a metallurgical raw material.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a fly ash disposal method according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a fly ash disposal method according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a fly ash disposal method according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In one aspect of the invention, a fly ash disposal method is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the fly ash disposal method comprises: mixing fly ash and a silicon-containing raw material, and carrying out melting treatment to obtain a mixed melt and smoke dust, wherein the mixed melt comprises a slag layer and a molten salt layer; collecting the slag layer and carrying out first cooling treatment to obtain glass slag; and collecting the molten salt layer and carrying out second cooling treatment to obtain the chlorine salt.
According to the fly ash disposal method of the embodiment of the invention, firstly, the fly ash is mixed with the raw material containing silicon, and the mixture is supplied to a melting device (such as an electric melting furnace, an electric furnace and the like) for melting treatment, so that a mixed melt and sulfur-containing smoke dust are obtained. Under the action of the raw materials containing silicon, the mixed melt is layered into a slag layer and a molten salt layer which can be discharged from corresponding outlets of the melting equipment respectively. Furthermore, the materials in the molten slag layer are collected and subjected to a first cooling treatment, the obtained glass slag can be used as building raw materials and the like, and the materials in the molten salt layer are collected and subjected to a second cooling treatment, and the obtained chlorine salt can be used as chemical raw materials and the like. Therefore, by adopting the method to treat the fly ash, the heavy metal in the fly ash is solidified in the glass slag, and the dioxin is thoroughly decomposed and further passes through the molten slag and the molten saltThe fly ash is directionally separated, so that the harmless treatment and resource utilization of the fly ash are realized; on the other hand, the sulfur in the fly ash is transferred to the smoke dust, and then the liquid SO can be recovered2And the resource utilization of sulfur in the fly ash is realized.
The fly ash disposal method according to an embodiment of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 2. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
s100: melt processing
In the step, fly ash and a raw material containing silicon are mixed and subjected to melting treatment to obtain a mixed melt and smoke dust, wherein the mixed melt is layered into a slag layer and a molten salt layer. The inventor finds in research that the treatment of the fly ash mainly comprises the separation of sulfur element, chlorine element and heavy metal element. The fly ash and the silicon-containing raw material are mixed and melted, and the mixed melt can realize layering under the action of the silicon-containing raw material, so that chlorine elements in the fly ash mainly exist in a molten salt layer, heavy metal elements mainly exist in a molten slag layer, and sulfur elements mainly exist in smoke dust. Furthermore, the molten salt layer, the molten slag layer and the smoke dust are respectively treated, so that the harmless treatment and resource utilization of the fly ash can be realized.
The specific type of the raw material containing silicon is not particularly limited as long as the heavy metal elements in the fly ash can be effectively solidified and the layering of the molten slag and the molten salt can be realized, and the raw material can be selected by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material containing silicon may include at least one selected from the group consisting of quartz sand, glass slag, metallurgical slag containing silicon, and tailings containing silicon.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the fly ash in the mixture of fly ash and siliceous material is not less than 50%.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the melting process is performed at 1200-1500 ℃, and the specific melting temperature may be 1200 ℃, 1250 ℃, 1300 ℃, 1350 ℃, 1400 ℃, 1450 ℃, 1500 ℃, and the like. By performing the melting treatment at the above temperature, the formation of slag and the delamination of the molten salt layer and the slag layer can be further facilitated.
S200: first cooling treatment
In this step, the collected slag layer material is separated from the melting apparatus and subjected to a first cooling treatment to obtain glass slag. Further, the glass slag can be used for applications such as building material.
The specific manner of the first cooling treatment is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the first cooling treatment according to actual needs. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first cooling process may be air cooling or water quenching. Therefore, the solidification effect of the slag layer material is better.
S300: second cooling treatment
In this step, the collected molten salt layer material is separated from the melting apparatus and subjected to a second cooling treatment to obtain a chlorine salt. Further, chlorine salts can be used as raw materials in the fields of soda chemical industry and the like.
The specific manner of the second cooling treatment is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the second cooling treatment according to actual needs. According to some embodiments of the invention, the second cooling process may be air cooling. Therefore, the solidification effect of the molten salt layer material is better.
Referring to fig. 2, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the proposed fly ash disposal method further comprises:
s400: dust removal treatment
In the step, dust removal treatment is carried out on the smoke dust obtained in the melting treatment, and smoke and secondary fly ash are obtained; and returning the secondary fly ash to be mixed with the silicon-containing raw material, and carrying out melting treatment. Specifically, by the melting treatment, the sulfur element in the fly ash can be discharged out of the melting equipment along with the smoke dust, and the smoke dust is subjected to dust removal treatment in a cloth bag dust removal mode and the like, so that the smoke and the secondary fly ash can be obtained. Wherein the secondary fly ash can be returned to S100 to be mixed with the silicon-containing raw material again and subjected to melting treatment.
S500: first water washing treatment
In this step, the flue gas obtained in S400 is subjected to a first water washing treatment to obtain SO2Gas and saline wastewater. Concrete work of first water washing treatmentThe process conditions are not particularly limited, and a water washing process well-known in the art may be employed.
S600: drying and compression treatment
For SO obtained in S5002Drying and compressing the gas to obtain SO2A liquid. The specific process conditions of the drying and compressing treatment are not particularly limited, and gas drying and compressing processes well known in the art may be employed.
S700: open circuit collection
In this step, the secondary fly ash is collected in an open circuit form after the heavy metal content in the secondary fly ash reaches a predetermined concentration. With the increase of the repeated melting times of the fly ash, the heavy metal content in the secondary fly ash collected by the dust removal treatment is gradually increased, and when the heavy metal content in the secondary fly ash reaches a preset concentration, the secondary fly ash can be collected in an open circuit mode. The specific value of the predetermined concentration can be determined according to actual production, and the inventor finds that the secondary fly ash returns to be melted for about 3-6 times in research, wherein the content of the enriched heavy metal can meet the requirement of open-circuit collection.
S800: second water washing treatment
In the step, the secondary fly ash collected in S700 is subjected to second washing treatment to obtain a metallurgical raw material, so that heavy metals in the metallurgical raw material can be recovered. The specific process conditions of the second water washing treatment are not particularly limited, and water washing processes well-known in the art may be employed.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 3, fly ash disposal is performed according to the following steps:
1. mixing fly ash and quartz sand according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and completely melting the fly ash at 1300 ℃;
2. melting at high temperature for 1h, layering the melt in the electric furnace under the action of gravity, wherein the lower layer is molten slag, the upper layer is molten salt, and part of volatile substances enter a flue gas purification system in the form of smoke dust;
3. discharging the molten slag through a siphon port to obtain glass slag, and further preparing the glass slag into a building material raw material; the molten salt flows out from an upper-layer discharge port to obtain a chlorine salt product, and further chemical raw materials are prepared; controlling the temperature of the smoke dust to be 200 ℃, and sending the smoke dust into a bag-type dust collector to collect to obtain secondary fly ash;
4. returning the secondary fly ash to a melting system for disposal, recapturing the circulating secondary fly ash after 3 times of circulation, wherein the mass fraction of heavy metals and compounds thereof is 96 percent, and the mass fraction of Cl element is 0.8 percent after primary water washing treatment, and further preparing the secondary fly ash into a metallurgical raw material;
5. washing the flue gas from the bag-type dust remover with water to remove HCl gas, and removing SO in the remaining flue gas2Drying and compressing the gas to obtain SO2And (4) preparing a chemical raw material from the liquid.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, fly ash disposal is performed according to the following steps:
1. mixing fly ash and quartz sand according to the mass ratio of 4:1, and completely melting the fly ash at the temperature of 1200 ℃;
2. melting at high temperature for 5h, layering the melt in the electric furnace under the action of gravity, wherein the lower layer is molten slag, the upper layer is molten salt, and part of volatile substances enter a flue gas purification system in the form of smoke dust;
3. discharging the molten slag through a siphon port to obtain glass slag, and further preparing the glass slag into a building material raw material; the molten salt flows out from an upper-layer discharge port to obtain a chlorine salt product, and further chemical raw materials are prepared; controlling the temperature of the smoke dust to be 180 ℃, and sending the smoke dust into a bag-type dust collector to collect to obtain secondary fly ash;
4. the secondary fly ash returns to a melting system for disposal, the circulating secondary fly ash is recaptured after 5 times of circulation, the mass fraction of heavy metals and compounds thereof is 99 percent, and the mass fraction of Cl element is 0.01 percent after primary water washing treatment, so as to be further prepared into metallurgical raw materials;
5. washing the flue gas from the bag-type dust remover with water to remove HCl gas, and removing SO in the remaining flue gas2Drying and compressing the gas to obtain SO2And (4) preparing a chemical raw material from the liquid.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 3, fly ash disposal is performed according to the following steps:
1. mixing fly ash and quartz sand according to a mass ratio of 99:1, and completely melting the fly ash at 1500 ℃;
2. melting at high temperature for 0.5h, layering the melt in the electric furnace under the action of gravity, wherein the lower layer is molten slag, the upper layer is molten salt, and part of volatile substances enter a flue gas purification system in the form of smoke dust;
3. discharging the molten slag through a siphon port to obtain glass slag, and further preparing the glass slag into a building material raw material; the molten salt flows out from an upper-layer discharge port to obtain a chlorine salt product, and further chemical raw materials are prepared; controlling the temperature of the smoke dust to 210 ℃, and sending the smoke dust into a bag-type dust collector to collect to obtain secondary fly ash;
4. the secondary fly ash returns to a melting system for disposal, the circulating secondary fly ash is recaptured after 5 times of circulation, the mass fraction of heavy metals and compounds thereof is 99 percent, and the mass fraction of Cl element is 0.1 percent after primary water washing treatment, so as to be further prepared into metallurgical raw materials;
5. washing the flue gas from the bag-type dust remover with water to remove HCl gas, and removing SO in the remaining flue gas2Drying and compressing the gas to obtain SO2And (4) preparing a chemical raw material from the liquid.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 3, fly ash disposal is performed according to the following steps:
1. mixing fly ash and glass slag according to a mass ratio of 70:30, and completely melting the fly ash at 1200 ℃;
2. melting at high temperature for 0.5h, layering the melt in the electric furnace under the action of gravity, wherein the lower layer is molten slag, the upper layer is molten salt, and part of volatile substances enter a flue gas purification system in the form of smoke dust;
3. discharging the molten slag through a siphon port to obtain glass slag, and further preparing the glass slag into a building material raw material; the molten salt flows out from an upper-layer discharge port to obtain a chlorine salt product, and further chemical raw materials are prepared; controlling the temperature of the smoke dust to be 190 ℃, and sending the smoke dust into a bag-type dust collector to collect to obtain secondary fly ash;
4. the secondary fly ash returns to a melting system for disposal, the circulating secondary fly ash is recaptured after 5 times of circulation, the mass fraction of heavy metals and compounds thereof is 98 percent, and after primary water washing treatment, the mass fraction of Cl element is 0.2 percent, and the secondary fly ash is further prepared into a metallurgical raw material;
5. washing the flue gas from the bag-type dust remover with water to remove HCl gas, and removing SO in the remaining flue gas2Drying and compressing the gas to obtain SO2And (4) preparing a chemical raw material from the liquid.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fly ash disposal method, comprising:
mixing fly ash and a silicon-containing raw material, and carrying out melting treatment to obtain a mixed melt and smoke dust, wherein the mixed melt comprises a slag layer and a molten salt layer;
collecting the slag layer and carrying out first cooling treatment to obtain glass slag;
and collecting the molten salt layer and carrying out second cooling treatment to obtain the chlorine salt.
2. A fly ash disposal method according to claim 1, wherein the siliceous raw material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of quartz sand, glass slag, siliceous metallurgical slag, siliceous tailings.
3. A fly ash disposal method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the fly ash in the mixture of the fly ash and the siliceous material is not less than 50%.
4. A fly ash disposal method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melt processing is performed at 1200 to 1500 ℃.
5. A fly ash disposal method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first cooling treatment is air cooling or water quenching;
optionally, the second cooling process is air cooling.
6. A fly ash disposal method according to claim 1, further comprising:
performing dust removal treatment on the smoke dust to obtain smoke and secondary fly ash;
and returning the secondary fly ash to be mixed with the silicon-containing raw material, and carrying out the melting treatment.
7. A fly ash disposal method according to claim 6, further comprising:
carrying out first washing treatment on the flue gas to obtain SO2Gas and saline wastewater.
8. A fly ash disposal method according to claim 7, further comprising:
to the SO2Drying and compressing the gas to obtain SO2A liquid.
9. A fly ash disposal method according to claim 6, further comprising:
and when the heavy metal content in the secondary fly ash reaches a preset concentration, collecting the secondary fly ash in an open circuit mode.
10. A fly ash disposal method according to claim 9, further comprising:
and carrying out second washing treatment on the collected secondary fly ash to obtain a metallurgical raw material.
CN202010269113.7A 2020-04-08 2020-04-08 Fly ash disposal method Active CN111548007B (en)

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