CN113669732A - System and method for pyrolysis of organic hazardous waste rotary kiln and fusion coupling treatment of plasma furnace - Google Patents
System and method for pyrolysis of organic hazardous waste rotary kiln and fusion coupling treatment of plasma furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN113669732A CN113669732A CN202110997911.6A CN202110997911A CN113669732A CN 113669732 A CN113669732 A CN 113669732A CN 202110997911 A CN202110997911 A CN 202110997911A CN 113669732 A CN113669732 A CN 113669732A
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum;silicon Chemical compound [Mo]#[Si] GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
- F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for pyrolysis and plasma furnace fusion coupling treatment of an organic hazardous waste rotary kiln, wherein the system comprises a rotary kiln, a secondary combustion chamber, a plasma furnace, a slag material cache bin, a lump material cache bin and a lump material treatment system, a pyrolysis residue outlet at the tail part of the rotary kiln is connected with a slag pit at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber, a fixed screen is arranged at the bottom of the slag pit of the secondary combustion chamber, the lower part of the fixed screen is connected with the slag material cache bin, the slag material cache bin is connected with a slag material inlet of the plasma furnace, the upper part of the fixed screen is connected with the lump material cache bin, and the lump material cache bin is connected with a material of the rotary kiln through the lump material treatment system. The method utilizes the high temperature of the plasma furnace and the setting of the plasma furnace as the reducing atmosphere to carry out melting treatment on the pyrolysis residue of the rotary kiln, thereby obtaining the qualified vitrified product, changing the residue from dangerous waste into general waste, enriching and extracting rare and precious metals in the residue, and reducing the content of heavy metals in the residue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, and particularly relates to a system and a method for treating organic hazardous waste by rotary kiln pyrolysis and plasma furnace fusion coupling.
Background
China pays great attention to energy conservation and environmental protection, and the treatment requirement on solid wastes, particularly dangerous wastes, is higher and higher. The current treatment technologies applied to organic hazardous waste, incineration and pyrolysis are the main technologies. The furnace type for treating the dangerous waste is more, and mainly comprises the following components: rotary kilns, fluidized bed furnaces, liquid jet furnaces, plasma furnaces, and the like. The rotary kiln as a heat treatment method of hazardous wastes has the advantages of large thermal inertia and good heat exchange effect, can adapt to solid, liquid and semi-solid wastes by adjusting the retention time of materials in a hearth according to the properties of the solid wastes, and is flexible and controllable in operation.
In the rotary kiln heat treatment technology of hazardous wastes, incineration is to oxidize and decompose organic matters under the condition of sufficient oxygen supply, and the temperature of a hearth is required to be more than 850 ℃. The existing rotary kiln has unsatisfactory burning effect, uneven temperature distribution along the kiln body direction, low burning efficiency, easy occurrence of nodulation and ring formation at a high-temperature section, influence on normal production and possibility of increasing the generation of dioxin.
Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition reaction of organic macromolecules under an oxygen-deficient reducing atmosphere, and the temperature generally does not exceed 850 ℃. After the mixed material is put into a kiln, the mixed material is dried, preheated and pyrolyzed to quickly generate and burn volatile pyrolysis products, so that the temperature of the kiln is increased, and good conditions are created for further pyrolysis of the material. Different incinerated materials exhibit different pyrolysis efficiencies under certain temperature conditions, which are determined by the volatile and fixed carbon components of the materials. The organic waste liquid pyrolysis device has good pyrolysis characteristics on typical materials of organic waste liquid and fine distillation residues, and has high pyrolysis efficiency. Typical bulk materials represented by activated carbon, chemical filter residues and broken hard materials have low pyrolysis efficiency. In the waste pyrolysis process, pyrolysis products such as CO, hydrocarbon gases and fine carbon particles are produced. The fixed carbon component is first formed into gaseous CO by pyrolysis in combination with oxygen.
Compared with the incineration process, the pyrolysis process has the advantages of mild and controllable process, difficult nodulation of residues, difficult ring formation in a kiln, less generation of dioxin, less smoke generation, low contents of pollutants such as heavy metal, volatile salts, nitrogen oxide and the like. However, because the oxygen in the kiln is insufficient, the temperature is not high, and the residual carbon content in the residue is high, the thermal ignition loss rate of the residue is often more than 10 percent, the requirement that the thermal ignition loss rate is lower than 5 percent in the existing national standard cannot be met, and the problem is brought to the currently popular residue landfill treatment. The pyrolysis residue therefore needs to be further treated.
Chinese patent document CN 210532392U discloses a rotary kiln pyrolysis plasma melting integrated solid waste treatment device, which comprises a rotary kiln, a rotary kiln feeding unit and a plasma furnace, wherein the rotary kiln is obliquely arranged and communicated with the middle lower part of the plasma furnace, two side walls of the upper part of the plasma furnace are provided with a primary air inlet and a secondary air inlet, two plasma torches are arranged at the lower part of the joint of the rotary kiln and the plasma furnace, the right side of the lower part of the plasma furnace is provided with a melting zone overflow port, molten slurry flows into a slag discharge channel through the melting zone overflow port, and the upper part of the slag discharge channel is provided with a silicon-molybdenum rod heating system. The flexibility of the rotary kiln to burn materials and the high-temperature melting characteristic of the plasma torch are utilized to enable the materials to enter the plasma furnace after the materials are burned in the rotary kiln to be fully combusted and melted, organic matters in the rotary kiln are burnt out, and synthesis gas after the rotary kiln and the plasma furnace are burned is subjected to secondary combustion, so that the generation of dioxin is greatly reduced, the combustion treatment effect of solid wastes is improved, and the effects of reducing and harmlessness of the solid wastes are achieved.
However, because the plasma furnace actually expands the slag pit at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber which is arranged behind the rotary kiln in a matching way, and two plasma torches are arranged on the side wall of the newly formed slag pit, the lower part of the slag pit becomes a molten pool, and structurally, slag melting and flue gas incineration are implemented in one furnace cavity, the whole furnace is an aerobic environment, reducing atmosphere can not be realized in the molten pool, the heavy metal content in the slag is difficult to reduce, and the recovery of rare and precious metals is realized; the particle size of the material directly entering the melting furnace is not controlled, which affects the mass and heat transfer efficiency of the material in the melting pool, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the massive material directly falls into the melting pool easily causes splashing and affects the dynamic stability of the melting pool.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rotary kiln pyrolysis and plasma furnace fusion coupling treatment system and method for organic hazardous wastes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a rotary kiln pyrolysis and plasma furnace fusion coupling processing system for organic hazardous wastes, which comprises a rotary kiln, a secondary combustion chamber, a plasma furnace, a slag material buffer bin, a lump material buffer bin and a lump material processing system, wherein a pyrolysis residue outlet at the tail part of the rotary kiln is connected with a slag pit at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber, the bottom of the slag pit of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a fixed screen, the top of the plasma furnace is respectively provided with a slag material inlet and an auxiliary material inlet, the side surface of the lower part of the plasma furnace is respectively provided with a glass liquid outlet and a metal liquid outlet, the lower part of the fixed screen is connected with the slag material buffer bin, the slag material buffer bin is connected with the slag material inlet of the plasma furnace, the upper part of the fixed screen is connected with the lump material buffer bin, and the lump material buffer bin is connected with the material pit of the rotary kiln through the lump material processing system.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the rotary kiln is transversely obliquely arranged, the inclination angle of the rotary kiln is 5-15%, the secondary combustion chamber is vertically arranged, and the plasma furnace is vertically arranged.
As an optimal technical scheme, the fixed sieve is obliquely arranged, the inclination angle is 15-30 degrees, and a slag pusher is arranged above the fixed sieve.
The lump material processing system comprises a crusher and a magnetic separator as a preferable technical scheme.
As a preferred technical scheme, a vertically downward graphite cathode is arranged in the middle of the top of the upper furnace body of the plasma furnace, and an anode assembly is arranged at the bottom of the lower furnace body.
As a preferable technical scheme, a flue gas outlet of the plasma furnace is connected with the side surface of the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber.
The invention also discloses a method for carrying out rotary kiln pyrolysis and plasma furnace fusion coupling treatment on the organic hazardous waste by using the system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the organic hazardous waste into a rotary kiln, and carrying out pyrolysis treatment in an oxygen-deficient reducing atmosphere, wherein the temperature of the rotary kiln is not more than 850 ℃, and pyrolysis residues are in a solid state;
(2) pyrolysis residues of the rotary kiln are discharged into a slag pit at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber from the kiln tail;
(3) pyrolysis residues in a slag pit at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber are separated by a fixed sieve, the sieved small-size slag materials are directly fed into a plasma furnace, and the sieved large-size block materials are treated by a block material treatment system and then returned to the material pit of the rotary kiln;
(4) the plasma furnace is in a reducing atmosphere, the temperature is 1400-1600 ℃, slag is completely melted under the action of a fluxing agent to form molten glass, and metal elements are reduced into simple metal substances or form alloy under the action of a reducing agent; the molten glass obtained from the upper layer of the bottom of the plasma furnace is discharged in a continuous overflow mode, and the molten metal obtained from the lower layer of the bottom of the plasma furnace is discharged in an intermittent mode.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step (3), the screening aperture of the fixed screen is 100-200 mm; and crushing the screened large-size lump materials by using a lump material processing system, magnetically separating the crushed large-size lump materials into iron, and returning the iron to a material pit of the rotary kiln.
As a preferred technical scheme, the fluxing agent is one or a mixture of sand, lime and bauxite; the reducing agent is one or a mixture of more of coke and waste activated carbon.
As a preferable technical scheme, the flue gas generated by the rotary kiln and the plasma furnace is conveyed into a secondary chamber for burning again.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, by utilizing the flexibility of the rotary kiln to material pyrolysis and the high-temperature melting characteristic of the plasma furnace, organic hazardous waste is sent into the rotary kiln, volatile matters are separated out after the material is pyrolyzed in the rotary kiln, the gasified products enter a secondary combustion chamber to be continuously combusted and decomposed, pyrolysis residues are sent into the plasma furnace to be melted at high temperature, organic matters which are not pyrolyzed in the rotary kiln are fully decomposed, inorganic matters are melted into molten glass, molten liquid residues are formed, qualified vitrified products are obtained, and the residues are changed from the hazardous waste into common waste and can be recycled; the plasma furnace is in an anoxic reducing environment, heavy metal substances in the plasma furnace can be reduced, and the heavy metal substances are enriched to the bottom of the melting furnace by utilizing density difference, so rare and noble metals in the residue are enriched and extracted, and the content of the heavy metal in the residue is reduced; the pyrolysis residue contains residual carbon, which is helpful for reducing molten metal and can reduce the input amount of reducing agent.
2. The invention exerts the advantages that the pyrolysis rotary kiln has mild and controllable process, the residue is not easy to form nodules, the ring is not easy to form in the kiln, the generation of dioxin is less, the generation amount of flue gas is less, and the contents of pollutants such as heavy metal, volatile salts, nitrogen oxides and the like are low; meanwhile, the pyrolysis residue is treated by using the plasma furnace, so that the defects of high residual carbon content in the residue and high residue thermal ignition loss rate due to low temperature and insufficient oxygen in the kiln are avoided.
3. The pyrolysis residue is separated by a fixed sieve, the small-size residue material which is separated by the sieve is directly sent into a plasma furnace, and the large-size residue material which is separated by the sieve is returned to a material pit of a rotary kiln after being processed by a residue material processing system; the screening mode controls the particle size of the material directly connected into the plasma furnace, fully utilizes the waste heat of pyrolysis residues, improves the mass and heat transfer efficiency of the material in a molten pool, recovers iron, prevents large blocks of material from directly falling into the molten pool to cause splashing, and maintains the dynamic stability of the molten pool.
4. The invention does not change the original basic structure of the rotary kiln pyrolysis device, only adds the plasma furnace and the slag and smoke connecting channels of the plasma furnace, the rotary kiln and the secondary combustion chamber, provides the requirements of screening, magnetic separation and crushing for the pyrolysis residue of the rotary kiln, and innovates the connection between the secondary combustion chamber and the plasma furnace. Therefore, the construction of the invention can be implemented by only slightly modifying the prior rotary kiln hazardous waste system, and has very high practical significance.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to specific examples to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention and to practice the same, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a rotary kiln 1, a secondary combustion chamber 2 and a plasma furnace 3, wherein a kiln head of the rotary kiln 1 is provided with a feed inlet 17, the feed inlet 17 of the kiln head is connected with a feed unit, the feed unit comprises a downward inclined chute 19 communicated with the feed inlet 17, a hopper 21 arranged above the inclined chute 19, a double sealing door 20 arranged below the hopper 21, and a pusher 18 arranged below the inclined chute 19, a combined burner is arranged below the kiln head, a waste liquid spray gun is arranged on the combined burner, a pyrolysis residue outlet of the rotary kiln 1 is connected with a residue 16 at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber 2, a fixed screen 6 is arranged at the bottom of a residue pit 16 at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber 2, a residue pusher 12 is arranged above the fixed screen, a residue buffer bin 4 is arranged below the fixed screen 6, the slag material buffer storage bin is characterized in that a discharge gate valve 15 is arranged on the lower portion of the slag material buffer storage bin 4, a slag material inlet 13 is arranged on the top of the plasma furnace 3, an auxiliary material inlet 8 is arranged on the top of the plasma furnace 3, a glass liquid outlet 10 and a metal liquid outlet 11 are arranged on the lower portion of the side surface of the plasma furnace 3, the slag material inlet 13 of the plasma furnace 3 is connected with the slag material buffer storage bin 4 below the fixed screen 6 through a slag material channel 14, the side surface of the upper portion of the fixed screen 6 is connected with the block material buffer storage bin 7 through a block material channel 5, and a block material processing system (not shown in figure 1) is arranged between the block material buffer storage bin and a material pit of the rotary kiln.
The rotary kiln 1 is transversely obliquely arranged, the secondary combustion chamber 2 and the plasma furnace 3 are vertically arranged, the inclination angle of the rotary kiln 1 is 5-15%, preferably 10%, and pyrolysis residues are conveniently discharged into a slag pit 16 at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber 2.
An emergency chimney 23 is arranged at the top of the secondary combustion chamber 2, and a flue gas outlet 22 is arranged at the upper part of the secondary combustion chamber.
The fixed sieve 6 is preferably a high-temperature-resistant cast steel grid sieve, the aperture is 100-200 mm, the aperture is preferably 150mm, the sieve is inclined for 15-30 degrees and is adjustable in angle, the lower opening of the fixed sieve 6 is connected with the lump material channel 5, and a slag pusher 12 is arranged above the fixed sieve, so that large-size lump materials which do not fall into the lump material channel are quickly pushed into the lump material channel 5, meanwhile, the upper slag layer of the sieve is stirred, and the sieving efficiency and the sieving effect are improved.
As shown in fig. 2, a lump material processing system is arranged between the lump material buffer bin and the material pit of the rotary kiln 1, the lump material processing system comprises a crusher and a magnetic separator, the lump material processing system crushes the lump materials and selects iron in the lump materials, and residual materials return to the material pit of the rotary kiln due to the fact that the residual materials may contain organic materials which can be thermally decomposed.
The middle of the top of the upper furnace body of the plasma furnace 3 is provided with a vertically downward graphite cathode 24, and the bottom of the lower furnace body is provided with an anode assembly 25.
The flue gas outlet 9 of the plasma furnace 3 is connected with the lower part of the side surface of the secondary combustion chamber 2, so that the flue gas generated by the rotary kiln 1 and the plasma furnace 3 is sent into the secondary combustion chamber 2 to be combusted, and the secondary combustion chamber 2 maintains the necessary temperature to fully burn dioxin and organic matters in the flue gas. The flue gas of the secondary combustion chamber 2 is discharged from a flue gas outlet 22 and sent to a subsequent flue gas treatment system for further treatment.
The treatment method for the rotary kiln pyrolysis and plasma furnace fusion coupling of the organic hazardous waste by using the system comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the organic hazardous waste into a rotary kiln 1, and carrying out pyrolysis treatment in an oxygen-deficient reducing atmosphere, wherein the temperature of the rotary kiln 1 is not more than 850 ℃, and pyrolysis residues are in a solid state;
(2) pyrolysis residues of the rotary kiln 1 are discharged into a slag pit 16 at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber 2 from the kiln tail;
(3) pyrolysis residues in a slag pit 16 at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber 2 are separated by a fixed sieve 6, the screened small-size slag materials are directly sent into a plasma furnace 3, and the screened large-size lump materials are crushed by a lump material processing system, magnetically separated and ironed and then returned to the pit of the rotary kiln 1;
(4) the plasma furnace 3 is in a reducing atmosphere, the temperature is 1400-1600 ℃, slag is completely melted under the action of a fluxing agent to form molten glass, and metal elements are reduced into simple metal substances or form alloy under the action of a reducing agent; the molten glass obtained from the upper bottom layer of the plasma furnace 3 is discharged in a continuous overflow mode, and the molten metal obtained from the lower bottom layer of the plasma furnace 3 is discharged in a batch mode.
In the treatment process, pyrolysis gas of the rotary kiln 1 enters the secondary combustion chamber 2 along with the flue gas, and a burner and combustion-supporting air are arranged in the secondary combustion chamber 2, so that the flue gas sent by the plasma furnace 3 has the retention time of not less than 2 seconds at the required temperature (more than or equal to 1100 ℃) and toxic and harmful gas is thoroughly decomposed.
In the treatment process, the vitrification process of the pyrolysis residue of the rotary kiln comprises the following steps: pyrolysis of solid residues (rotary kiln stage) -melting of vitrified products (plasma furnace stage); after the pyrolysis residue is vitrified, the obtained glass liquid is quenched by water or cooled by air to form a glass body with better quality, which can easily reach the national standard of vitrified products to be issued, and the metal can be sent for further refining.
In the treatment process, the fluxing agent can be one or a mixture of sand, lime and bauxite, and the reducing agent can be one or a mixture of coke and waste activated carbon.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an organic hazardous waste rotary kiln pyrolysis and plasma furnace fused coupling processing system which characterized in that: the system comprises a rotary kiln, a secondary combustion chamber, a plasma furnace, a slag material buffer bin, a lump material buffer bin and a lump material processing system, wherein a pyrolysis residue outlet at the tail part of the rotary kiln is connected with a slag pit at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber, a fixed screen is arranged at the bottom of the slag pit of the secondary combustion chamber, a slag material inlet and an auxiliary material inlet are respectively arranged at the top of the plasma furnace, a glass liquid outlet and a metal liquid outlet are respectively arranged on the side surface of the lower part of the plasma furnace, the lower part of the fixed screen is connected with the slag material buffer bin, the slag material buffer bin is connected with the slag material inlet of the plasma furnace, the upper part of the fixed screen is connected with the lump material buffer bin, and the lump material buffer bin is connected with the material pit of the rotary kiln through the lump material processing system.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein: the rotary kiln is transversely obliquely arranged, the inclination angle of the rotary kiln is 5-15%, the secondary combustion chamber is vertically arranged, and the plasma furnace is vertically arranged.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein: the fixed sieve is obliquely arranged, the inclination angle is 15-30 degrees, and a slag pusher is arranged above the fixed sieve.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein: the lump material processing system comprises a crusher and a magnetic separator.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein: the middle of the top of the upper furnace body of the plasma furnace is provided with a vertical downward graphite cathode, and the bottom of the lower furnace body is provided with an anode assembly.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein: and a flue gas outlet of the plasma furnace is connected with the side surface of the lower part of the second combustion chamber.
7. Method for the rotary kiln pyrolysis and plasma furnace melt-coupled treatment of hazardous organic waste using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the organic hazardous waste into a rotary kiln, and carrying out pyrolysis treatment in an oxygen-deficient reducing atmosphere, wherein the temperature of the rotary kiln is not more than 850 ℃, and pyrolysis residues are in a solid state;
(2) pyrolysis residues of the rotary kiln are discharged into a slag pit at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber from the kiln tail;
(3) pyrolysis residues in a slag pit at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber are separated by a fixed sieve, the sieved small-size slag materials are directly fed into a plasma furnace, and the sieved large-size block materials are treated by a block material treatment system and then returned to the material pit of the rotary kiln;
(4) the plasma furnace is in a reducing atmosphere, the temperature is 1400-1600 ℃, slag is completely melted under the action of a fluxing agent to form molten glass, and metal elements are reduced into simple metal substances or form alloy under the action of a reducing agent; the molten glass obtained from the upper layer of the bottom of the plasma furnace is discharged in a continuous overflow mode, and the molten metal obtained from the lower layer of the bottom of the plasma furnace is discharged in an intermittent mode.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: in the step (3), the screening aperture of the fixed screen is 100-200 mm; and crushing the screened large-size lump materials by using a lump material processing system, magnetically separating the crushed large-size lump materials into iron, and returning the iron to a material pit of the rotary kiln.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein: the fluxing agent is one or a mixture of sand, lime and bauxite; the reducing agent is one or a mixture of more of coke and waste activated carbon.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein: and the flue gas generated by the rotary kiln and the plasma furnace is conveyed into the secondary chamber for secondary incineration treatment.
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