CN114110606A - Organic hazardous waste gasification melting treatment system and method - Google Patents
Organic hazardous waste gasification melting treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114110606A CN114110606A CN202111346589.7A CN202111346589A CN114110606A CN 114110606 A CN114110606 A CN 114110606A CN 202111346589 A CN202111346589 A CN 202111346589A CN 114110606 A CN114110606 A CN 114110606A
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gasification and fusion treatment system and a method for organic hazardous wastes, wherein the gasification and fusion treatment system comprises: the material matching and feeding system is used for matching and conveying materials; the circulating fluidized bed gasification melting system comprises a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, a cyclone separator, a material returning device, a melting furnace and a slag dragging device which are sequentially connected, wherein the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is connected with a spiral feeding machine of a feeding system, and organic hazardous waste is pyrolyzed and gasified to obtain pyrolysis gas, carbonized coarse particles and carbonized fine particles; separating pyrolysis gas, carbonized fine particles and carbonized coarse particles by a cyclone separator, returning the carbonized coarse particles to the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace through a material returning device, and feeding the pyrolysis gas and the carbonized fine particles into a melting furnace; the melting furnace combusts the pyrolysis gas in an oxygen-enriched mode and melts the carbonized fine particles at a high temperature, and the molten slag forms a vitreous body in the slag remover; the waste heat boiler is used for recovering sensible heat of the flue gas discharged by the melting furnace; and the flue gas purification system is used for purifying the flue gas after sensible heat is recovered by the waste heat boiler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hazardous waste treatment, and particularly relates to a gasification and melting treatment system and method for organic hazardous waste.
Background
At present, the treatment method of the hazardous waste mainly comprises a burning method and a safe landfill method. The burning method adopts a rotary kiln to burn hazardous wastes, and has the problems of high smoke treatment difficulty, excessive dioxin, high burning residue quantity, excessive residue burning rate and the like. The safe landfill method faces the problems of limited storage capacity of the landfill site, limited land resource shortage, high cost and the like.
Pyrolysis gasification is a technology which can replace the traditional incineration treatment method of organic hazardous wastes: under the condition of oxygen deficiency, organic components in the waste and gasifying agents (water vapor, air and the like) are subjected to a series of continuous and parallel reactions including drying, pyrolysis, reduction and oxidation to generate CO and H2And hydrocarbon, etc. as main components. The combustible gas generated by pyrolysis and gasification is used as a raw material, the particles and the residues are melted by a gasification and melting technology, and the heavy metal elements are firmly coated by a network structure consisting of silicon oxygen atoms in the slag and are solidified in a glass body, so that the heavy metals are harmless. The fused residues are cooled to form glass bodies, the heavy metal leaching rate is far lower than the national standard, and the glass bodies can be used as building materials to realize resource utilization.
The Chinese patent application CN202011458667.8 discloses a system and a method for gasification and melting treatment of organic solid waste, wherein an internal circulation fluidized bed is adopted as a fluidized bed, and because the fuel circulation amount is small, the local temperature is easily overhigh during operation, the hearth is coked, and the system operation is unstable.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a system and a method for gasification and melting treatment of hazardous organic waste to overcome the problem of hearth coking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: at least one defect in the prior art is overcome, and an organic hazardous waste gasification melting treatment system and method are provided to overcome the problem of hearth coking.
In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides an organic hazardous waste gasification melting treatment system, comprising:
the material matching and feeding system is used for matching and conveying materials;
the circulating fluidized bed gasification melting system comprises a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, a cyclone separator, a material returning device, a melting furnace and a slag dragging device which are connected in sequence, wherein,
the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is connected with the feeding system and is used for carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the organic hazardous waste to obtain pyrolysis gas, carbonized coarse particles and carbonized fine particles;
the cyclone separator is used for separating pyrolysis gas, carbonized fine particles and carbonized coarse particles, the carbonized coarse particles are returned to the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace through the material returning device, and the pyrolysis gas and the carbonized fine particles enter the melting furnace;
the melting furnace is used for oxygen-enriched combustion of pyrolysis gas and high-temperature melting of carbonized fine particles, and molten slag forms a vitreous body in the slag remover after water quenching;
the waste heat boiler is used for recovering the sensible heat of the flue gas discharged by the melting furnace in the circulating fluidized bed gasification melting system; and
and the flue gas purification system is used for purifying the flue gas after sensible heat is recovered by the waste heat boiler.
According to one embodiment of the gasification and melting treatment system for hazardous organic waste, the material matching and feeding system comprises a material sorting device, a crushing device, a matching device, a material pit and a spiral feeder, wherein the spiral feeder is connected with the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace.
According to an embodiment of the organic hazardous waste gasification melting treatment system according to the present invention, the circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace is an external circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace, comprising: furnace, set up in gas distributor, the intercommunication of furnace lower part furnace's feed inlet, outlet flue, return material mouth, air inlet, the feed inlet is located the gas distributor top, the outlet flue is higher than the feed inlet, it is higher than to return the material mouth gas distributor just is less than the feed inlet, the air inlet set up in the lower extreme of furnace.
According to one embodiment of the organic hazardous waste gasification melting treatment system of the present invention, the melting furnace comprises: the smelting furnace comprises a smelting furnace hearth, a smelting furnace pool, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet, a smelting furnace slag discharging port and a slag dragging machine, wherein the smelting furnace pool is arranged below the smelting furnace hearth and is provided with a burner, the flue gas inlet is arranged above one side inside the smelting furnace hearth, the flue gas outlet is arranged below one side inside the smelting furnace hearth and is positioned above the smelting furnace pool, the smelting furnace slag discharging port is positioned at the lower end of the smelting furnace pool, and the slag dragging machine is arranged below the smelting furnace.
According to one embodiment of the organic hazardous waste gasification melting treatment system, the flue gas purification system comprises a semi-dry quenching tower, a dry deacidification tower, an activated carbon ejector, a bag-type dust remover, an alkaline tower, a flue gas reheater, an induced draft fan and a chimney which are connected in sequence.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a gasification and melting treatment method for hazardous organic waste using the gasification and melting treatment system for hazardous organic waste according to the present invention, comprising the steps of:
step S1: after preliminarily sorting and crushing the collected organic hazardous waste, preparing compatible materials according to material element composition and heat value, uniformly mixing the compatible materials, and then sending the mixed materials into a feed port of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace by the spiral feeding machine;
step S2: and at a certain temperature, circularly gasifying the uniformly mixed compatible materials for multiple times by the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace to obtain pyrolysis gas and carbonized fine particles.
Step S3: burning and melting the pyrolysis gas, the carbonized fine particles and combustion-supporting air in the melting furnace, and cooling the melt to obtain a vitreous body;
step S4: after sensible heat of high-temperature flue gas discharged by the melting furnace is absorbed by the waste heat boiler, the temperature is reduced, and high-temperature steam is obtained; and
step S5: and the flue gas absorbed sensible heat by the waste heat boiler enters the flue gas purification system for purification treatment.
According to one embodiment of the method for gasification and melting treatment of hazardous organic waste, in step S1, the heat value of the compatible material is 4000-4500Kcal/Kg, and the particle size of the material is 5mm-10 mm.
According to one embodiment of the method for gasification, melting and treatment of hazardous organic waste, in step S2, the circulating fluidized bed gasifier pyrolyzes and gasifies the compatible materials to obtain pyrolysis gas, carbonized coarse particles and carbonized fine particles, the cyclone separator separates the pyrolysis gas, the carbonized fine particles and the carbonized coarse particles, the carbonized coarse particles are returned to the circulating fluidized bed gasifier through the return feeder, and the pyrolysis gas and the carbonized fine particles enter the melting furnace.
According to one embodiment of the method for gasification and melting treatment of hazardous organic waste, in the step S2, the gasification reaction temperature is 550-650 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the method for processing hazardous organic waste by gasification and melting, in the step S3, the reaction temperature of the melting furnace is 1400-1550 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the gasification and melting treatment system and method for the organic hazardous waste have the following advantages:
(1) the system and the method adopt an external circulating fluidized bed technology, a cyclone separator is arranged at an outlet at the upper part of a hearth of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, and the cyclone separator can collect high-temperature carbonized coarse particles in flue gas and send the high-temperature carbonized coarse particles back to the hearth. Therefore, the particles which fly out of the hearth after being unburnt once can be circularly combusted again, thereby greatly improving the burnout rate. In the operation process, a large amount of external circulation materials can carry out the heat generated by combustion in the dense-phase zone, the temperature of the furnace hearth is lower than the ash melting point, and the fluidization state of the materials in the furnace is good, so that the problem of coking of the bed surface rarely occurs in the operation process.
(2) The material has good applicability, and can treat solid, liquid and gaseous organic hazardous waste and inorganic hazardous waste. The circulating fluidized bed has high circulating multiplying power, the adding amount of materials is less than 1/30 of circulating materials in the furnace, the adding of new fuel can not cause the fluctuation of a gas flow field and the fluctuation of a temperature field in the furnace, and the operation stability is improved.
(3) The energy utilization rate is high, the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace and the melting furnace are fused with each other, high-temperature materials enter the melting furnace from the diameter of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, the temperature is raised in the melting furnace for melting, the gasification and the melting are completed at one time, the processes of temperature reduction, conveying and temperature rise are not needed, the working procedures are reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the energy-saving effect is good.
(4) No secondary pollution is generated, and the environmental benefit is good: the amount of harmful flue gas generated in the whole process is small, the materials in the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace are mixed strongly, and desulfurization and dechlorination in the furnace can be realized by adding the desulfurizing agent and the dechlorinating agent, so that the whole flue gas purification process is shortened; the fly ash and the slag can realize melting vitrification, and secondary pollution is reduced.
(5) The investment and operation cost is low: the equipment volume is small, and the occupied area is small; the material adaptability is wide, the operation is stable, the energy utilization rate is high, and the operation cost is low.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic hazardous waste gasification melting treatment system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace in the hazardous organic waste gasification melting treatment system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a circulating fluidized bed gasification melting furnace, including: the device comprises a feeding device 1, a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6, a cyclone separator 7, a material returning device 8, a melting furnace 9 and a waste heat boiler 11.
The middle part of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 is a hearth, the lower end of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is conical, the lower part of the hearth is provided with a gas distributor, the gas distributor adopts a wind distribution plate form, and a wind cap is arranged on the wind distribution plate. A feed inlet 21 is arranged on one side of the inner part of the hearth of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6, and the feed inlet 21 is positioned above the gas distributor. A material returning opening 23 is arranged below one side inside the hearth, and the material returning opening 23 is higher than the gas distributor but lower than the feeding opening 21. The lower end of the hearth is provided with an air inlet 24. A smoke outlet 22 is arranged above one side in the hearth, and the smoke outlet 22 is higher than the feeding hole 21.
The middle part of the melting furnace 9 is a hearth for high-temperature oxygen-enriched combustion of pyrolysis gas. A melting tank 52 is provided at the lower end of the melting furnace 9, and a burner is provided. The upper end of the melting furnace 9 is provided with a flue gas inlet 51, and a flue gas outlet 53 is arranged above the melting pool 52 at the lower end and is connected with the air inlet of the waste heat boiler 11. The lower end of the molten pool is provided with a slag discharge port, and a slag cooler and a slag dragging device 10 are arranged below the melting furnace 9.
The sorted, crushed and compatible organic hazardous wastes are sent to a feed inlet 21 of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 by a spiral feeder in the feeding device 1. The air blown from the air inlet 24 makes the quartz sand in the hearth move in a fluidized state through the air distribution plate. After entering the hearth, the compatible materials move in a fluidized state along with the bed materials and generate pyrolysis gas, carbonized coarse particles and carbonized fine particles through the processes of drying, oxidation and reduction in sequence. The flue gas rises through the flue gas outlet 22 and enters the cyclone separator 7, and after being separated by the cyclone separator 7, the carbonized coarse particles return to the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 through the return port 23. Pyrolysis gas and carbonized fine particles enter the melting furnace 9 through a flue gas inlet 51 of the melting furnace 9. Pyrolysis gas is subjected to high-temperature oxygen-enriched combustion in a hearth of the melting furnace 9 to generate high temperature, so that carbonized fine particles entering the melting furnace 9 are melted at high temperature in the melting tank, and molten slag is guided into the slag remover 10 to form a vitreous body. High-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of pyrolysis gas in the melting furnace 9 enters the waste heat boiler 11 through the flue gas outlet 53 for heat recovery.
The working principle of the circulating fluidized bed gasification melting furnace of the embodiment is as follows:
the materials after sorting, crushing and compatibility are sent to the feed inlet 21 of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 through a spiral feeder in the feeding device.
An air blower of external equipment of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 supplies air to the air chamber through a blast hole, and after air is distributed through an air distribution plate, bed materials (quartz sand and materials) are blown into a fluidized state. The material is dried, oxidized and reduced under the fluidization state to form pyrolysis gas and carbonized particles. Along with the rising of the airflow, the pyrolysis gas is separated from carbonized coarse particles and carbonized fine particles in the cyclone separator 7, the combustible pyrolysis gas and the carbonized fine particles enter the melting furnace 9, and the carbonized coarse particles return to the hearth of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 through the material returning device 8. In the melting furnace 9, excess air is blown in by an external blower to enable combustible pyrolysis gas to generate oxygen-enriched combustion, high temperature is generated to enable carbonized fine particles to be melted in a melting tank, and a vitreous body is formed after water quenching.
The present embodiment provides an organic hazardous waste gasification melting processing system, which includes:
the material is compatible and the feeding system for the material is compatible and is conveyed to the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6, and the material is composed of a sorting device 1, a crushing device 2, a compatibility device 3, a material pit 4 and a spiral feeding machine 5 which are connected in sequence.
The circulating fluidized bed gasification melting system comprises a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6, a cyclone separator 7, a material returning device 8, a melting furnace 9 and a slag dragging device 10 which are connected in sequence. The circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 is connected with a spiral feeding machine 5 of the feeding system and is used for carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the organic hazardous waste to obtain pyrolysis gas, carbonized coarse particles and carbonized fine particles. The cyclone separator 7 is used for separating pyrolysis gas, carbonized fine particles and carbonized coarse particles, the carbonized coarse particles are returned to a hearth of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 through a material returning device 8, and the pyrolysis gas and the carbonized fine particles enter a melting furnace 9. The melting furnace 9 is used for oxygen-enriched combustion of pyrolysis gas and high-temperature melting of carbonized fine particles, and molten slag forms a vitreous body in the slag remover 10 after water quenching.
And the waste heat boiler 11 is used for recovering the sensible heat of the flue gas discharged by the melting furnace 9 in the circulating fluidized bed gasification melting system.
And the flue gas purification system is used for purifying the flue gas after sensible heat is recovered from the waste heat boiler 11, and discharging the flue gas after the sensible heat reaches the relevant standard. The flue gas purification system comprises a semi-dry quenching tower 12, a dry acid removal tower 13, an activated carbon ejector 14, a bag-type dust remover 15, an alkaline washing tower 16, a flue gas reheater 17, an induced draft fan 18 and a chimney 19 which are connected in sequence.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a method for treating hazardous organic waste using the hazardous organic waste gasification melting treatment system of embodiment 2, comprising the steps of:
and step S1, organic waste compatibility. After the collected organic hazardous waste is preliminarily sorted and crushed, the organic hazardous waste is combined into a compatible material with reasonable element composition and stable heat value according to material element composition, heat value and the like, and the compatible material is uniformly mixed and then is sent into a feed port of a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 by a spiral feeding machine 5. According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat value of the compatible material is 4000-4500Kcal/Kg, and the particle size of the material is 5-10 mm.
And step S2, gasifying the compatible material by a circulating fluidized bed. And at a certain temperature, the material is circularly gasified for multiple times by the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 to obtain pyrolysis gas and carbonized fine particles. Specifically, the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 pyrolyzes and gasifies the compatible materials to obtain pyrolysis gas, carbonized coarse particles and carbonized fine particles, the cyclone separator 7 separates the pyrolysis gas, the carbonized fine particles and the carbonized coarse particles, the carbonized coarse particles are returned to the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 through the material returning device 8, and the pyrolysis gas and the carbonized fine particles enter the melting furnace 9. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the gasification reaction temperature is 550-650 ℃.
Step S3: and (4) carrying out fine particle melting treatment. And burning and melting the pyrolysis gas, the carbonized fine particles and combustion-supporting air, and cooling the melt to obtain a vitreous body. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the melting furnace reaction temperature is 1400-.
Step S4: after sensible heat of high-temperature flue gas discharged from the melting furnace 5 is absorbed by the waste heat boiler 6, the temperature is reduced, and high-temperature steam is obtained.
Step S5: the flue gas after sensible heat absorption by the waste heat boiler 6 enters a flue gas treatment system, and is discharged after reaching the standard after treatment.
In combination with the above detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, it can be seen that the gasification and melting treatment system and method for hazardous organic waste according to the present invention have the following advantages over the prior art:
(1) the gasification and melting treatment system and method for the organic hazardous waste adopt an external circulating fluidized bed technology, a cyclone separator 7 is arranged at an outlet at the upper part of a hearth of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, and the cyclone separator 7 can collect high-temperature carbonized coarse particles in flue gas and send the high-temperature carbonized coarse particles back to the hearth. Therefore, the particles which fly out of the hearth after being unburnt once can be circularly combusted again, thereby greatly improving the burnout rate. In the operation process, a large amount of external circulation materials can carry out the heat generated by combustion in the dense-phase zone, the temperature of the furnace hearth is lower than the ash melting point, and the fluidization state of the materials in the furnace is good, so that the problem of coking of the bed surface rarely occurs in the operation process.
(2) The material has good applicability, and can treat solid, liquid and gaseous organic hazardous waste and inorganic hazardous waste. The circulating fluidized bed has high circulating multiplying power, the adding amount of materials is less than 1/30 of circulating materials in the furnace, the adding of new fuel can not cause the fluctuation of a gas flow field and the fluctuation of a temperature field in the furnace, and the operation stability is improved.
(3) The energy utilization rate is high, the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 and the melting furnace 9 are fused with each other, high-temperature materials enter the melting furnace 9 from the diameter of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6, the temperature is raised in the melting furnace 9 for melting, the gasification and the melting are completed at one time, the processes of temperature reduction, conveying and temperature rise again do not exist, the working procedures are reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the energy-saving effect is good.
(4) No secondary pollution is generated, and the environmental benefit is good: the amount of harmful flue gas generated in the whole process is small, the materials in the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 6 are mixed strongly, and desulfurization and dechlorination in the furnace can be realized by adding a desulfurizing agent and a dechlorinating agent, so that the whole flue gas purification process is shortened; the fly ash and the slag can realize melting vitrification, and secondary pollution is reduced.
(5) The investment and operation cost is low: the equipment volume is small, and the occupied area is small; the material adaptability is wide, the operation is stable, the energy utilization rate is high, and the operation cost is low.
The present invention can be modified and adapted appropriately from the above-described embodiments, according to the principles described above. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (10)
1. An organic hazardous waste gasification melting processing system, comprising:
the material matching and feeding system is used for matching and conveying materials;
the circulating fluidized bed gasification melting system comprises a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, a cyclone separator, a material returning device, a melting furnace and a slag dragging device which are connected in sequence, wherein,
the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is connected with the feeding system and is used for carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the organic hazardous waste to obtain pyrolysis gas, carbonized coarse particles and carbonized fine particles;
the cyclone separator is used for separating pyrolysis gas, carbonized fine particles and carbonized coarse particles, the carbonized coarse particles are returned to the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace through the material returning device, and the pyrolysis gas and the carbonized fine particles enter the melting furnace;
the melting furnace is used for oxygen-enriched combustion of pyrolysis gas and high-temperature melting of carbonized fine particles, and molten slag forms a vitreous body in the slag remover after water quenching;
the waste heat boiler is used for recovering the sensible heat of the flue gas discharged by the melting furnace in the circulating fluidized bed gasification melting system; and
and the flue gas purification system is used for purifying the flue gas after sensible heat is recovered by the waste heat boiler.
2. The organic hazardous waste gasification melting processing system of claim 1, wherein the material matching and feeding system comprises a material sorting device, a crushing device, a matching device, a material pit and a spiral feeder, and the spiral feeder is connected with the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace.
3. The organic hazardous waste gasification melting treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace is an external circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace comprising: furnace, set up in gas distributor, the intercommunication of furnace lower part furnace's feed inlet, outlet flue, return material mouth, air inlet, the feed inlet is located the gas distributor top, the outlet flue is higher than the feed inlet, it is higher than to return the material mouth gas distributor just is less than the feed inlet, the air inlet set up in the lower extreme of furnace.
4. The organic hazardous waste gasification and fusion treatment system of claim 1, wherein the melter comprises: the smelting furnace comprises a smelting furnace hearth, a smelting furnace pool, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet, a smelting furnace slag discharging port and a slag dragging machine, wherein the smelting furnace pool is arranged below the smelting furnace hearth and is provided with a burner, the flue gas inlet is arranged above one side inside the smelting furnace hearth, the flue gas outlet is arranged below one side inside the smelting furnace hearth and is positioned above the smelting furnace pool, the smelting furnace slag discharging port is positioned at the lower end of the smelting furnace pool, and the slag dragging machine is arranged below the smelting furnace.
5. The organic hazardous waste gasification melting treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas purification system comprises a semi-dry quenching tower, a dry deacidification tower, an activated carbon injector, a bag-type dust remover, an alkaline washing tower, a flue gas reheater, an induced draft fan and a chimney which are connected in sequence.
6. An organic hazardous waste gasification and melting treatment method using the organic hazardous waste gasification and melting treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the organic hazardous waste gasification and melting treatment method comprises the steps of:
step S1: after preliminarily sorting and crushing the collected organic hazardous waste, preparing compatible materials according to material element composition and heat value, uniformly mixing the compatible materials, and then sending the mixed materials into a feed port of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace by a spiral feeding machine of the feeding system;
step S2: and (3) performing repeated circulating gasification on the uniformly mixed compatible materials through the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace at a certain temperature to obtain pyrolysis gas and carbonized fine particles.
Step S3: burning and melting the pyrolysis gas, the carbonized fine particles and combustion-supporting air in the melting furnace, and cooling the melt to obtain a vitreous body;
step S4: after sensible heat of high-temperature flue gas discharged by the melting furnace is absorbed by the waste heat boiler, the temperature is reduced, and high-temperature steam is obtained; and
step S5: and the flue gas absorbed sensible heat by the waste heat boiler enters the flue gas purification system for purification treatment.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S1, the heat value of the compatible materials is 4000-4500Kcal/Kg, and the particle size of the materials is 5mm-10 mm.
8. The organic hazardous waste gasification melting treatment method of claim 6, wherein in step S2, the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace performs pyrolysis gasification on the compatible materials to obtain pyrolysis gas and carbonized coarse particles and carbonized fine particles, the cyclone separator separates the pyrolysis gas, the carbonized fine particles and the carbonized coarse particles, the carbonized coarse particles are returned to the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace through the return feeder, and the pyrolysis gas and the carbonized fine particles enter the melting furnace.
9. The gasification melting treatment method for hazardous organic waste as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S2, the gasification reaction temperature is 550-650 ℃.
10. The gasification and melting treatment method for hazardous organic waste as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S3, the reaction temperature of the melting furnace is 1400-1550 ℃.
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