CN1597155A - Method of treating waste matter using plasma electric arc technology and its device - Google Patents
Method of treating waste matter using plasma electric arc technology and its device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1597155A CN1597155A CN 200310115200 CN200310115200A CN1597155A CN 1597155 A CN1597155 A CN 1597155A CN 200310115200 CN200310115200 CN 200310115200 CN 200310115200 A CN200310115200 A CN 200310115200A CN 1597155 A CN1597155 A CN 1597155A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DQMUQFUTDWISTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-2] Chemical compound O.[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-2] DQMUQFUTDWISTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001300078 Vitrea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Ca] Chemical class [Na].[Ca] VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 208000006278 hypochromic anemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 2
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- HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-bis(chloromethyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCl)=CC=CC2=C1CCl HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000612168 Primula meadia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic trioxide Inorganic materials O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 chloros dibenzofurans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NFBOHOGPQUYFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 NFBOHOGPQUYFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating hazardous waste using plasma arc, comprising (1)the solid waste to be treated being pre-processed and intermittently or continuously added into plasma arc furnace by transporting system; (2) performing split treatment in plasma arc furnace, wherein the working gas of split treatment is reducing gas or other gas, and the ratio of oxygen content in working gas and oxygen demand in waste complete reaction is less than 0.3, at the split treatment temperature of 1200k-3500k; (3) the exhaust gas after spliting in the plasma arc furnace entering into flare system and being processed by quick cooling and cooling down of convenient tail gas,purifying, treating acid gas and detached process of granule; (4) the detached granule and gas being recovered respectively. The invention also relates to the corresponding device using plasma arc furnace. The investment of the invention and the cost are low, and the wasting gas and tail gas are few. The invention can treat all sorts of waste which is not suitable for burning method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the waste disposal field, more particularly, the present invention relates to method and device thereof that the using plasma arc technology is handled refuse.
Background technology
The processing of hazardous waste has become an important environmental protection subject under discussion, and various circles of society extremely pay close attention to innoxious processing method.Traditional heap buries and the stacking way not only takies a large amount of soils but also often cause a hidden trouble because of dealing with improperly.Cause environmental problem especially for those non-biodegradable hazardous wastes.Adopt incinerating method can produce harmful substances such as dioxin, become new pollutant sources.
Plasma technique is handled the shortcoming that hazardous waste has overcome traditional landfill, burning method, has advantage efficient, environmental protection.Can also destroy chemical weapons toxic agent and other contaminated materials, repair contaminated soil etc.Have the patented technology of some plasma treatment discarded objects at present both at home and abroad.
External patented technology has: the direct-current plasma patented technology of Envirolution, INC. of U.S. star section (Startech) development, can handle the multiple refuse that comprises chemical weapons, but technical sophistication, the equipment cost costliness.Hans Kalt (United States Patent (USP) 5280757) is with the arc-plasma MSW that gasifies; Ba Dun (United States Patent (USP) 4644877) and Bel's (United States Patent (USP) 4431612) destroy polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) etc. with arc-plasma, but all have electrode replacement cost problem of higher.
Have in Chinese patents: Grimma, Germany (Chinese patent 89105527.4) patent adopts water-vapor plasma atmosphere and direct current plasma body technique, Australian Union's science and industrial research tissue (Chinese patent 93103682.8) adopt inert gas plasma atmosphere and direct current plasma body technique, but reaction is only carried out in earthenware, reaction compartment is little, brings difficulty to industrialization.Jusheng Fluorine Chemistry Co Ltd, Zhejiang's (Chinese patent 00128708.7) adopts direct-current plasma to handle organohalogen compounds, but is not suitable for handling clinical waste; Wang Zhongyi, Huang Shaoqing (Chinese patent 01206033.X) adopt the auxiliary burning disposal clinical waste of direct-current plasma.
And in the above-mentioned patent of quoting, used plasma technique generally is meant the using plasma square.Plasma torch (also claiming plasma generator, arcing gas heater, plasma gun, plasma beam etc.) is meant and adopts extensive work gas by arc region, utilizes the energy heated air of electric arc, forms the high-temperature plasma jet.The working gas of plasma torch can be oxidizing gas, inert gas or reducibility gas.If the employing oxidizing gas can produce same tail gas problem with burning method.If adopt inertia or reducibility gas, but after plasma treatment, also use follow-up burning, also can have the problem same with burning method.If adopt inertia or reducibility gas plasma torch, do not adopt follow-up burning, but owing to when forming the gas ions square, need extensive work gas, the tail gas amount is still bigger, to the requirement of vent gas treatment still than higher.Therefore wish to propose low, stable simple to operate, the discarded object that is suitable for disposing various forms (solid-state, semisolid, liquid state, gaseous state) of a kind of investment saving, operating cost, accomplish the device and the technical method of zero discharge.
The applicant discloses a kind of ac plasma arc furnace in Chinese patent ZL96119824.9, be incorporated herein with aforementioned patent in the lump as a reference.
In the running of plasma arc furnace, electrode can be lossy, often need reorientate and the starting the arc again electrode.But when carrying out waste disposal, particularly when handling hazardous waste, plasma arc furnace is generally wanted closed operation.Therefore position and assist the device of the starting the arc with regard to needing a kind of electrode that can article on plasma body arc furnace.
Summary of the invention
Shortcoming and defect when the objective of the invention is to overcome prior art processing refuse, the using plasma arc technology realizes treatment of wastes produced under reducing atmosphere, thereby provides a kind of using plasma arc technology to handle the method and the device thereof of refuse
Using plasma arc technology of the present invention is handled the method for hazardous waste, comprises that order is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) pending solid waste is carried out pretreatment procedure and intermittently or add in the plasma arc furnace continuously by conveying system;
(2) carry out cracking in plasma arc furnace and handle, wherein the working gas handled of cracking is reducibility gas or other gas, and the oxygen content in the working gas and the ratio of the oxygen demand of refuse complete reaction are less than 0.3, and the cracking treatment temperature is 1200K-3500K;
(3) gas of discharging after the plasma arc furnace cracking enters exhaust treatment system, through conventional tail cold cooling out of breath, purification, sour gas handle, the particulate separation treatment process;
(4) step (3) separated particulate material and gas are reclaimed respectively.
Described pretreatment procedure comprises pending solid waste is carried out conventional fragmentation and/or gasifying process.
Described other gas comprises: inert gas or steam.
Described plasma arc furnace adopts and exchanges or DC power supply.
Also be included in when gas enters exhaust treatment system in the step (3), add the alkaline matter that is used for the tail gas middle acid substance, this alkaline matter comprises: calcium oxide, NaOH or potassium hydroxide.
Also be included in to add in the step (2) and be used to generate Vitrea metal oxide, silicon compound, calcium compound and iron in plasma arc furnace, it adds weight portion: 20～40 parts of silicon compounds, 30～50 parts of calcium sodium compounds, 20～40 parts of iron and metal oxides.
Described silicon compound is a silicon dioxide.
Described calcium compound is a calcium carbonate.
Described sodium compound is a sodium carbonate.
Described iron and metal oxide comprise: di-iron trioxide, tri-iron tetroxide, metal iron plate, aluminium block or sheet.
The present invention also provides a kind of special-purpose plasma arc furnace, comprises a body of heater, and this furnace body inside is provided with refractory material and heat-barrier material lining, and body of heater is provided with feeding mouth, gas discharge outlet and waste material outlet; The body of heater top is provided with the working gas import; Bottom of furnace body is provided with crucible; At least two electrode oblique cuttings that are connected with power supply are at the body of heater top; Also comprise a starting the arc positioner that is used for described at least two electrode is carried out the positioning of electrode and the auxiliary starting the arc.
Described hyperarc positioner comprises backstay and is used for the stepping motor of drive electrode, described backstay is inserted in the perforate on the body of heater, and can move radially along this perforate, described backstay contacts with electrode during with the auxiliary starting the arc at positioning of electrode, and after the starting the arc away from electrode.Described backstay is provided with transducer.
The bottom of burner hearth is provided with crucible, is provided with heat shield between crucible and stove inwall.
The described power supply that is connected with electrode is AC power or DC power supply.
Using plasma arc technology of the present invention, its energy density height, working temperature can be moved under 1200K-3500K.Organic substance can be decomposed into simple substance structures such as carbon, hydrogen, and collect after condensing metallic ore or gaseous metal again, and silicate becomes harmless vitreous texture.But the present invention is various household wastes of treatment and disposal and hazardous waste not only, can also generate recycling byproduct, as: carbon black, metal, combustible gas, glassy silica etc.Producing the tail gas amount only is the 5-10% of firing method, and organic substance is handled the back volume and can be reduced significantly, reaches as high as 99.7%.Handle the about 0.6-1.3kW-h/kg of power consumption of refuse, have characteristics such as reduced investment, cost are low.All kinds of discarded objects such as the waste plastics that is not suitable for handling for burning method, spoil, hospital wastes, asbestos waste, refuse battery, useless electronic circuit board, useless display screen all can adopt this complete equipment treatment and disposal.
By starting the arc positioner of the present invention, the accurate positioning and the electric arc between auxiliary electrode that can improve plasma arc furnace produce, and have therefore improved the service behaviour of plasma arcs.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart that using plasma of the present invention is handled the method for refuse;
Fig. 2 a is the structural representation of the plasma arc furnace of furnace roof feed arrangement of the present invention;
Fig. 2 b is the structural representation of the plasma arc furnace of furnace side of the present invention feed arrangement;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that plasma arc furnace shown in Figure 2 carries out the positioning of electrode and the auxiliary starting the arc.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: with reference to Fig. 1 and specific embodiment method of the present invention is described in further detail
Use method of the present invention and handle poisonous and hazardous solid dangerous waste, its step is carried out in the following order:
When pending refuse was poisonous and hazardous hazardous waste, the pre-treatment process should be carried out at a sealing system, kept little negative pressure in the sealing system, and the gas in it is extracted into heating disinfection in plasma arc furnace or the burner.
(1) pending poisonous and harmful solid waste is carried out pulverization process, it is ground into is suitable for the form that plasma arc furnace is handled, and then intermittently or continuously be transported to the refuse of different shape in the plasma arc furnace of the present invention respectively or simultaneously by conveying system; Adopt plasma arc furnace of the present invention, what it produced when operation is plasma arc, and the plasma furnace that uses when handling refuse in prior art generation generally is plasma torch.Wherein also can comprise gasifiable solid and liquid wastes gasification back in the refuse is fed in the stove; This gasification system adopts electric heating or utilizes system's tail gas heating to get final product;
(2) carry out cracking in plasma arc furnace and handle, wherein the working gas of cracking processing is a hydrogen.In the present invention, working gas in the plasma arc furnace can adopt reducing gas (as hydrogen) to form reducing atmosphere, also can adopt inert gas (as argon, nitrogen etc.), or adopts water vapour, in refuse, form reducing atmosphere under the situation of oxidation of coal, guarantee the object being treated Pintsch process; If contain oxygen in the working gas, the ratio that then guarantees oxygen content and the oxygen demand of the complete chemical reaction of refuse is less than 0.3.Under reducing atmosphere, the cracking treatment temperature be in the 1200K-3500K scope all can, material in plasma arc furnace under 1200K-3500K thoroughly cracking, the wherein quick and complete gas that is cracked into of organic substance, inorganic matter is smelted into vitreum and metal in graphite crucible, accomplish innoxious.For self being difficult to generate the Vitrea refuse that contains harmful element such as heavy metal, special in the toxic agent that contains arsenic, by in stove, adding 20～40 parts of silicon dioxide, 30～50 parts in calcium carbonate, 30～50 parts of sodium carbonate compounds, 20～40 parts of di-iron trioxide or iron blocks are all with listed as parts by weight.Siliceous, calcium, sodium, metallic iron and metal oxide can generate vitreum, and harmful elements such as arsenic are fixed in the vitreum, can not leach, and partial reduction becomes simple substance, can not form arsenic trioxide (arsenic) and arsenous hydricde.
Cracked residue and metal are discharged by slag and metal floss hole and are used for utilizing again.The tail gas that cracking produces enters tail gas cooling and cleaning system by gas discharge outlet, obtains combustible gas.Should be noted that it is the plasma arc technology that adopts in the present invention, form between the electrode tip of electric arc in stove.Than the plasma torch technology of available technology adopting, the working gas amount that the present invention consumed has reduced greatly, and therefore the tail gas amount that produces in crucial point reason process is also lacked than prior art.
(3) tail gas that produces from the plasma arc furnace cracking enters exhaust treatment system by gas discharge outlet, through conventional tail cold cooling out of breath, purification, sour gas processing, particulate separation treatment process, obtains combustible gas.The tail gas here generally comprises one or more of following gas: hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide.The carbon black (nanoscale soot) that also comprises cracking in the gas.
As shown in Figure 1, the tail gas of discharging from plasma arc furnace at first carries out heat exchange cooling and chilling through water system, can crystallization with the arsenic simple substance that guarantees wherein to be comprised, and can not synthesize arsenous hydricde, chlorine-containing gas can not synthesize many chloros dibenzodioxin English and many chloros dibenzofurans (abbreviation dioxin) yet.Neutralize with the sour gas of antalkali, then, wherein solids separation is reclaimed elements such as chloride, the fluorine in the tail gas, sulphur.Small solid granulates in the gas is collected by cloth dust collector as carbon black, arsenic micromeritics etc.Separate the remaining gas in back and be generally combustible gas, recyclable utilization perhaps enters the generating of explosive motor internal combustion.
In adopting an application example of the present invention, the meat that will contain medical waste such as plastics, cotton yarn and simulation limbs adds in the plasma arc furnace, adopt hydrogen plasma as working gas, the big energy fast acid that furnace high-temperature gas carries is separated discarded object, produces carbon, hydrogen-rich gas etc.The gas of discharging is monitored, discharge tail gas after testing, sulfur dioxide 3.0mg/Nm
3, nitrogen oxide 30-90mg/Nm
3, dust 0.38-0.69mg/Nm
3, reach relative national standards.Test back blow-on is observed, and organic class material all gasifies, and the clinical waste volume is reduced to below 2% of original volume significantly.
In the another application of the invention example, carry out the cracking Processing Test to containing the arsenic chemical reagent, disposal ability reaches per hour 40kg, the about 1.0～1.2kw-h/kg of power consumption.Test shows that the arsenic above 70% is cured in the vitreum.
Method of the present invention and device are not strict with the composition of raw material, can handle MSW, clinical waste, electronics industry refuse, chemical reagent, cool waste and other hazardous waste.
The system that realizes above-mentioned technical process can be placed in the sealing device, at little negative pressure (10mmH
2O) operation does not down have gas leakage.Method of the present invention and plasma arc furnace, can continuous 24 hours continuous service or intermittent operation, can select voluntarily as requested.
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 2 and 3 preparations, one plasma arc furnace, the structure shown in Fig. 2 a.Upper furnace body 1 and lower furnace body 3 are steel shell, and their inboard is provided with refractory material and heat-barrier material lining 2, and the bottom of lower furnace body 3 is provided with crucible 4.Between crucible 4 and stove inwall, be added with heat shield 15.
The top of stove is inserted with three electrodes of connecting with the power supply (not shown) 6 (profile is only represented two electrodes) relatively.When practical application, can be according to the electrode of power supply type symmetry installation more than two, the angle angle that electrode and furnace axis line form is between 0 to 90 degree, plasma arc furnace can adopt DC power supply operation (voltage 40-500V) as required, perhaps adopt AC power frequency supply (frequency 50-60Hz, voltage 40-350V), power supply has saturable reactor.AC power can be single-phase or three phase supply, also can be three single phase power supplies.Present embodiment is the three-phase main-frequency power supply.Electrode 6 can be the thermode that graphite or high-temperature metal are made, and also can be the water cooled electrode that metal such as oxygen-free copper is made, and present embodiment is a graphite electrode.Plasma forms by the discharge between the electrode tip in the stove, does not rely on the conductive characteristic of furnace charge.
In Fig. 2, working gas is entered by the passage in the middle pit of the stomach 8 of furnace roof, is plasma gas by the electric arc ionization between electrode tip.Refuse (solid and gas) through pre-treatment enters stove from the feeding mouth 7 that is positioned at upper furnace body 1 or lower furnace body 3, through contact cracking at high temperature with plasma gas.The gas that produces after the cracking is discharged from gas discharge outlet 9, and inorganic matter wherein forms metal level in graphite crucible and molten slag layer 5 is deposited in the crucible 4, discharges from the slag and the metal floss hole 10 of crucible 4 bottoms again.There is not blocking device 11 in the floss hole 10.Plasma arc furnace can be in operation and regularly discharge metal and slag from floss hole 10, can therefrom collect metal and vitreum.Among Fig. 2 a, feeding mouth 7 and gas discharge outlet 9 are arranged in furnace roof, and when practical application, they also can be arranged in the furnace side, shown in Fig. 2 b.The working temperature of plasma arc furnace remains on 1200K-3500K.
Plasma arc furnace adopts water cooling, and as shown in Figure 2, cooling water enters body of heater by import 13, is discharged by outlet 14, by this cooling measure, makes the body of heater surface temperature not be higher than 50 ℃ of ambient temperatures.
For make electrode 6 can before the starting the arc in body of heater accurate location, and guarantee the smooth starting the arc in electrode 6 ends in the body of heater to the invention provides a kind of starting the arc positioner.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, this starting the arc positioner comprises backstay 16 and transducer (not shown).Backstay 16 can be moved up and down by the pit of the stomach 8 in the motor (not shown) control edge.Before plasma arc furnace started, backstay 16 descended, and stepping motor 12 is carried electrode 6 in body of heater, contact (as shown in Figure 3) until electrode 6 with backstay 16, finishes the location of electrode, and provides the signal of finishing the location by transducer.After plasma arc furnace started, initial electric arc formed between electrode 6 and backstay 16, then, backstay 16 is promoted under the control of motor, and along with the rising of backstay 16, electric arc is transferred between the electrode 6 gradually.
Claims (12)
1, a kind of using plasma arc technology is handled the method for hazardous waste, it is characterized in that, comprises that order is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) pending solid waste is carried out pretreatment procedure and intermittently or add in the plasma arc furnace continuously by conveying system;
(2) carry out cracking in plasma arc furnace and handle, wherein the working gas handled of cracking is reducibility gas or other gas, and the oxygen content in the working gas and the ratio of the oxygen demand of refuse complete reaction are less than 0.3, and the cracking treatment temperature is 1200K-3500K;
(3) gas of discharging after the plasma arc furnace cracking enters exhaust treatment system, through conventional tail cold cooling out of breath, purification, sour gas handle, the particulate separation treatment process;
(4) step (3) separated particulate material and gas are reclaimed respectively.
2, using plasma arc technology according to claim 1 is handled the method for hazardous waste, it is characterized in that, described pretreatment procedure comprises pending solid waste is carried out conventional fragmentation and/or gasifying process.
3, using plasma arc technology according to claim 1 is handled the method for hazardous waste, it is characterized in that described other gas comprises: inert gas or steam.
4, using plasma arc technology according to claim 1 is handled the method for hazardous waste, it is characterized in that, also be included in when gas enters exhaust treatment system in the step (3), add the alkaline matter that is used for the tail gas middle acid substance, this alkaline matter comprises: calcium oxide, NaOH or potassium hydroxide.
5, using plasma arc technology according to claim 1 is handled the method for hazardous waste, it is characterized in that, also be included in to add in the step (2) and be used to generate Vitrea silicon compound, calcium compound, sodium compound, iron and metal oxide in plasma arc furnace, its weight portion is: 20～40 parts of silicon compounds, 30～50 parts of calcium sodium compounds, 20～40 parts of iron and metal oxides.
6, using plasma arc technology according to claim 1 is handled the method for hazardous waste, it is characterized in that described silicon compound is a silicon dioxide; Described calcium compound is a calcium carbonate; Described sodium compound is a sodium carbonate; Described iron and metal oxide comprise: di-iron trioxide, tri-iron tetroxide, metal iron block, aluminium block or sheet.
7, the special-purpose plasma arc furnace of the described method of a kind of claim 1 comprises a body of heater, and this furnace body inside is provided with refractory material, heat-barrier material lining and cooling jacket, and body of heater is provided with feeding mouth, gas discharge outlet and waste material outlet; The body of heater top is provided with the working gas import; Bottom of furnace body is provided with crucible; At least two electrode oblique cuttings that are connected with power supply are at the body of heater top; It is characterized in that, also comprise a starting the arc positioner that is used for described at least two electrode is carried out the positioning of electrode and the auxiliary starting the arc.
8, plasma arc furnace according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described starting the arc positioner comprises backstay and is used for the stepping motor of drive electrode, described backstay is inserted in the perforate on the body of heater, and can move radially along this perforate, described backstay contacts with electrode during with the auxiliary starting the arc at positioning of electrode, and after the starting the arc away from electrode.
9, plasma arc furnace according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described backstay is provided with transducer.
10, plasma arc furnace according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the bottom of burner hearth is provided with crucible, is provided with heat shield between crucible and stove inwall.
11, plasma arc furnace according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the described power supply that is connected with electrode is AC power or DC power supply.
12, using plasma arc technology according to claim 1 is handled the method for hazardous waste, it is characterized in that, described plasma arc furnace adopts and exchanges or DC power supply.
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